Assignment in Nupc19
Assignment in Nupc19
Assignment in Nupc19
GUILO
BSN-4TH YEAR
ASSIGNMENT IN NUPC19- COMPENTENCY APPRAISAL
-A normal ECG is
-Abnormal ECG in a
illustrated above.
patient with
Note that the heart is
hypertrophic
beating in a regular
cardiomyopathy. Note
sinus rhythm
the T wave inversion
between 60 - 100
and ST depression in
beats per minute
the inferolateral leads
(specifically 82
(arrows). This figure is
bpm). All the
only reproduced in
important intervals
colour in the online
on this recording are
version.
within normal
ranges.
1. P wave:
-upright in leads I,
aVF and V3 - V6
normal duration of
less than or equal to
0.11 seconds
polarity is positive in
leads I, II, aVF and
V4 - V6; diphasic in
leads V1 and V3;
negative in aVR
shape is generally
smooth, not notched
or peaked
2. PR interval:
-Normally between
0.12 and 0.20
seconds.
3. QRS complex:
-Duration less than
or equal to 0.12
seconds, amplitude
greater than 0.5 mV
in at least one
standard lead, and
greater than 1.0 mV
in at least one
precordial lead.
Upper limit of
normal amplitude is
2.5 - 3.0 mV.
small septal Q waves
in I, aVL, V5 and
V6 (duration less
than or equal to 0.04
seconds; amplitude
less than 1/3 of the
amplitude of the R
wave in the same
lead).
represented by a
positive deflection
with a large, upright
R in leads I, II, V4 -
V6 and a negative
deflection with a
large, deep S in
aVR, V1 and V2
in general,
proceeding from V1
to V6, the R waves
get taller while the S
waves get smaller.
At V3 or V4, these
waves are usually
equal. This is called
the transitional zone.
4. ST segment:
- isoelectric, slanting
upwards to the T
wave in the normal
ECG
can be slightly
elevated (up to 2.0
mm in some
precordial leads)
never normally
depressed greater
than 0.5 mm in any
lead.
5. T wave:
-T wave deflection
should be in the
same direction as the
QRS complex in at
least 5 of the 6 limb
leads
normally rounded
and asymmetrical,
with a more gradual
ascent than descent
should be upright in
leads V2 - V6,
inverted in aVR
amplitude of at least
0.2 mV in leads V3
and V4 and at least
0.1 mV in leads V5
and V6
isolated T wave
inversion in an
asymptomatic adult
is generally a normal
variant
6. QT interval:
- Durations
normally less than or
equal to 0.40
seconds for males
and 0.44 seconds for
females.
Cardiovascula 3. Magnetic - Cardiac magnetic
r Resonance resonance imaging
Imaging (MRI)- (MRI) uses a
Cardiac(Heart) powerful magnetic
field, radio waves
and a computer to
produce detailed
pictures of the -Contrast cardiac
structures within MRI. a, b Abnormal
and around the -Normal cardiac mass in the right
heart. Cardiac MRI MRI anatomy shown ventricular wall
is used to detect or in healthy subject. invading the right
monitor cardiac Axial fast imaging atrium, aortic root, and
disease and to employing steady- tricuspid valve. c, d
evaluate the heart's state acquisition On day 18 after the
anatomy and image shows introduction of
function in patients prominent crista chemotherapy, the
with both heart terminalis (arrow). cardiac tumor
disease present at This finding is remained, but had
birth and heart normal variant not to decreased in size.
diseases that be confused with
develop after birth. tumor or thrombus.
4. Tilt tests To see whether
different body
positions will
trigger an abnormal
heart beat
(arrhythmia).
They’re especially
useful for -Normal – Hemodynamics with
investigating the hemodynamic Upright Posture in
hearts of people response to passive POTS The tracings for
who faint without head-up tilt test and heart rate, blood
explanation vasovagal reflex pressure, and tilt table
induced by angle are shown for a
nitroglycerine (man, patient with the
50 years). This postural tachycardia
patient is syndrome (POTS; left)
representative of and for a healthy
lowest (reference) control subject (right)
quartiles of both Δ during a 30 minute tilt
SBP and Δ HR (i.e. head-up test. With
Q1). head-up tilt, the heart
rte immediately
increases in POTS and
peaks at over 170 bpm
prior to the end of the
tilt. In contrast the
heart rate of the
healthy control subject
rises to just over 100
bpm. The patient with
POTS does not
experience a reduction
in blood pressure
during the tilt test. It is
largely unchanged
during the test.
5.Coronary Can help diagnose
computed coronary artery
tomography disease. It gives a
angiogram 3-dimensional
(CCTA) image of the heart
chambers and
coronary arteries -Curved multiplanar
supplying blood to reformatted images of
the heart. the left anterior
- Multiplanar descending coronary
reformation and artery. (A) Partially
volume rendering calcified plaque in the
showing normal proximal-medium
coronary arteries. segment causing a
Coronal maximum- mild (<50%) stenosis;
intensity projection (B) soft eccentric
images acquired plaque in the proximal
with dual-source 64- segment causing
slice coronary severe (>70%)
computed stenosis.
tomography
angiography shows
normal (A) right and
(B) left coronary
artery branches in a
47-year-old man
with atypical chest
pain. 3D volume
rendering images
demonstrate (C)
right and (d) left
coronary arteries
with excellent
visualization of the
main coronary and
side branches.
6. Holter monitor -
1.
2.
Respiratory 3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
Endocrine 3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
Musculoskeletal 3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
Urinary 3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
Digestive 3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
Reproductive 3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
Nervous 3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
Integumentary 3
4.
5.
6.