Senior High School

NOT

Information
and Communications
Technology
Computer System Servicing
Quarter 1 - Module 2
Performing Computer Operations

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Information and Communications Technology- CSS Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 2: Performing Computer Operations
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro

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 Lesson
Plan and Prepare for Task to be
1 Undertaken

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Determine requirements of task in accordance with required output
2. Select appropriate hardware and software according to task
3. Plan a task to ensure that OHS guidelines and procedures are followed
4. Follow client-specific guidelines and procedures

Planning plays the most important role of achieving a successful task. Your ability to plan
properly will enable you to attain your target or purpose goal. Many successful entrepreneurs
have realized their success through proper and careful planning. Likewise, aside from
planning, you should also give importance to preparation. Good preparation will boost your
confidence because it means that you are ready to do the task because you have sufficient
knowledge about it.

As a computer system servicing student, you also need to familiarize with the materials
and tools involve in order to really attain the good result of the task given in avoidance of
lagging when performing the task you are about to be undertaken.

Let us determine how much you already know about planning and preparing for task to be
undertaken. Take this test.

What I Know

I. Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given
choices.

1. A successful task can be achieved through planning and preparation.

A. careful and proper B. constant C. courageous D. seldom

2.One of the factors to consider when planning and preparing for the task in order to avoid
accident is .
A. materials C. place
B. safety D. waste disposal

3. When the task calls for the removal of parts, use .

 A. cleaning tools C. loosening and tightening tools
B. marking tools D. measuring tools

4. What is a computer?

a.A programmable electronic device that processes data via instructions to output
information for future use.
b. Raw facts and figures that has no meaning processed via a set of instructions.
c. Meaning attached to data letters, pictures, symbols or sounds.
d. All of the above

5. Why do people use computers?

a.For their data processing speeds, accuracy, storage capacity and ability to work
for long periods.
b. Computers are very fast and not very accurate.
c. Computers work for long periods without the need for maintenance.
d. Computers stores large amounts of data.

6. The primary goal of Occupational Health is about:

a. Protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work
b. Protecting co-workers, family members employers, suppliers, nearby
communities and other members of the public who are influenced by the
workplace environment
c. Protecting the natural environment
d. None of the above.

7. In order to maintain good health standards at the workplace the following rules
must be adhered to:
a.Cleanliness, adequate sanitary facilities, Protection against dangerous
substances
b. Wellness of workers
c. Promoting a positive social climate
d. None of the above

8. One of the main reasons why hazardous materials need to be handled and stored
correctly are:
a. To prevent production at the work place
b. To promote the well-being of people in the work place
c.To prevent people being exposed to the material and to protect the natural
environment
d. None of the above.

9. What is the best way to avoid tripping at the workplace?

a. Make sure the floor is uneven.
b. Have the floor cleaned extra often.
c. Make sure the workplace is tidy.
d. None of the above.

10. Who should you notify right away about an accident?

a. The immediate supervisor.
b. The government’s Health and Safety Inspection Service.
c. The medical department.
d. None of the above
II. TRUE or FALSE.

Direction: Read carefully each statement below. Place T on the line if the statement is
TRUE. Place F if the statement is FALSE.

1. Health and safety procedure are the responsibility of all persons in

the computer and technology industries.

2. Spotting the hazards means working out how likely it is that a hazard
will harm someone and how serious the harm could be.

3. If you need to temporarily run a cable across the floor, place a

Danger sign similar to those "wet floor" signs used by cleaning services.

4. Selecting the best tool for each task makes the work faster.

5. Inkjet printer cartridges, or laser printer toner cartridges are

hazardous to users.

What’s More

The following are some factors to be considered when you plan and prepare for the tasks:

1. PLACE. See to it that the place for doing the task is conducive to work, well ventilated,
clean, and has good lighting. A space provided for freedom to move is important. A
place chosen will give you idea on what task is to be done.

2. WASTE DISPOSAL. Used wire or wire strips or other things that can’t be used anymore must
be disposed in proper storage bin or container.
 3. TOOLS/EQUIPMENT. Tools and equipment must match with the task to be done. You
should be careful enough to choose tools and equipment that are worthy of use. They must be
in good condition so that it can be easily utilized without damaging the parts.

A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task.

Tools range from a traditional metal cutting part of a machine to an element of a computer
program that activates and controls a particular function.

Preparing for the task to be undertaken includes proper tool selection.

1. How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and understand in detail the
scope of work to be accomplished, second, plan for the scope considering the
sequence of tasks.
2. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of the tools,
field experience in their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and
instructions for that specific tool.
3. When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as
recommended by the manufacturer, must be included.

In addition, related consumable parts must also be selected and used according to
their manufacturer’s instructions.

4. SAFETY. Always prioritize safety. Remember that accident is not an excusable incident. It
can be avoided. Always remember the motto “Safety first”.
5. PROCEDURE/TASK. Identify what task to perform before identifying materials and tools to
use. The service procedure/task to employ will tell you the corresponding tools and materials
needed. Appropriate tools to use with the task will enhance your ability to provide a competitive
and efficient service.

Assembling

Disassembling

Crimping
 What’s In

Before doing the tasks to be undertaken, you must consider first in learning
about operational health and safety standards.

Exercise:

In your workplace or in the laboratory, do you apply any operational health and
safety standards? In what way?

What’s New

Occupational/ Operational Health and Safety (OHS) is a cross-disciplinary

area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in
work or employment.

Knowing OHS is essential to minimize the hazards and risks not only to students,
trainers and other people within the training institution but others who will be
affected.

Reasons for occupational safety and standards are:

• Moral – an employee should not have to risk injury at work, nor should others
have associated with the work environment.
• Economic – many governments realize that poor occupational safety and
health performance results in cost to state
• Legal – OHS requirements maybe reinforced in civil law and/or criminal law

SAFETY PROCEDURES(OHS)

1. To prevent electrical shock hazard, disconnect the power cable from the
electrical outlet before relocating the system
2. When adding and removing devices to or from the system, ensure that the
power cables for the devices are unplugged before the signal cables are
connected. If possible, disconnect all power cables from the existing system
before you add a device
3. Make sure that your power supply is set to the correct voltage in your area
4. Before installing the Motherboard and adding a device on it, carefully read
the entire manual that came with the package
 5. To avoid short circuits, keep paper clips, screws, and staples away from
connectors, slots, sockets and circuitry
6. 6. Avoid dust, humidity, and temperature extremes. Do not place the product
in any area where it may become wet
7. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer
8. Do not work alone so that there’s someone who can take care of you in case
of accident or emergency.
9. Be careful with the tools that may cause short circuit
10. Always full the cable connector on the handle and not on the cable itself
11. Use only rubber shoes when standing on the ground or in a concrete floor
12. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable
connector.
13. Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it. 14. Take
away any liquid such as mineral water or soft drinks near your working area or
near computers. 15. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire
and other emergencies are recognized.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1. Do not place any combustible materials near the power outlet.

2. Avoid using power cord with defects such as loose contacts and exposed
conductors.
3. Avoid using connecting wires with exposed conductors.
4. Do all the wiring connection inside the computer system with the power off.
5. Check the proper connections before turning the circuit power on.
6. Remove any jewelry, which is conductive.
7. Check your measuring instruments for proper voltage, current, resistance
setting before making any measurement.
8. Refer to the mother manuals for its proper jumper setting and connection.

Exercise:

Think of a particular scenario wherein you apply OHS. Write your answer on the space
provided below.

.
 What I Have Learned

Write your thoughts about the lesson.

Assessment: (Post-Test)
I. Multiple Choice. Answer the question that follows. Choose the best answer
from among the given choices.

1. A successful task can be achieved through planning and preparation.

a. careful and proper b. constant c. courageous d. seldom

2.One of the factors to consider when planning and preparing for the task in order to avoid
accident is .
a. materials c. place
b. safety d. waste disposal

3. When the task calls for the removal of parts, use .

a. cleaning tools c.. loosening and tightening tools
b. marking tools d. measuring tools

4. What is a computer?
a.A programmable electronic device that processes data via instructions to output
information for future use.
b. Raw facts and figures that has no meaning processed via a set of instructions.
c. Meaning attached to data letters, pictures, symbols or sounds.
d. All of the above

9. Why do people use computers?

a. For their data processing speeds, accuracy, storage capacity and ability to work
for long periods.
 b. Computers are very fast and not very accurate.
c. Computers work for long periods without the need for maintenance.
d. Computers stores large amounts of data.

10. The primary goal of Occupational Health is about:

a. Protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work
b. Protecting co-workers, family members employers, suppliers, nearby
communities and other members of the public who are influenced by the
workplace environment
c. Protecting the natural environment
d. None of the above.

e. In order to maintain good health standards at the workplace the following rules
must be adhered to:
a.Cleanliness, adequate sanitary facilities, Protection against dangerous
substances
b. Wellness of workers
c. Promoting a positive social climate
d. None of the above

f. One of the main reasons why hazardous materials need to be handled and stored
correctly are:
a. To prevent production at the work place
b. To promote the well-being of people in the work place
c.To prevent people being exposed to the material and to protect the natural
environment
d. None of the above.

9. What is the best way to avoid tripping at the workplace?

a. Make sure the floor is uneven.
b. Have the floor cleaned extra often.
c. Make sure the workplace is tidy.
d. None of the above.

10. Who should you notify right away about an accident?

a. The immediate supervisor.
b. The government’s Health and Safety Inspection Service.
c. The medical department.
d. None of the above

II. TRUE or FALSE.

Direction: Read carefully each statement below. Place T on the line if the statement is
TRUE. Place F if the statement is FALSE.

1. Health and safety procedure are the responsibility of all persons in

the computer and technology industries.

2. Spotting the hazards means working out how likely it is that a hazard
will harm someone and how serious the harm could be.

3. If you need to temporarily run a cable across the floor, place a

Danger sign similar to those "wet floor" signs used by cleaning services.
 4. Selecting the best tool for each task makes the work faster.

5. Inkjet printer cartridges, or laser printer toner cartridges are

hazardous to users.
 Lesson

2 Input Data into Computer

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Identify the types of programs/ applications software

2. Check the accuracy of information and save the information in accordance
with standard operating procedures
3. Classify the inputted data in storage media according to requirements

Technology has become the integral part of modernization in our society. It

opens door to information that will be needed by people who seeks knowledge through
the use of computer. Using computer, people can search and gain information by
simply accessing the internet. Just a click away, the information is being presented.

The things that are presented in the computer is simply coming from people
who puts information using computer. It is through the use of different programs/
applications software that could process the data being inputted by the person.

In this lesson, you will learn more about how a computer works.
 What Is It

The importance of applying OHS in every task that we do in the workplace

or in a laboratory is to avoid any accidents and injuries in order to attain our
desired output in doing the task.

As a computer system servicing student, to attain the desired goal in the

task given, you must also familiarize the components of the computer and how
the computer works in order to avoid confusions.

Exercise:

What is the difference between a software and a hardware? Write your answers
below.

How Computer Works?

A computer is an electronic machine made up of hardware and software that work

together to do a task.

A software refers to a program or application installed into a computer to do a

specific task. The examples are word processing program and presentation program.
A hardware is computer parts or device that you can see or touch.

Each hardware performs a specific function. It could be as an Input Device or as an

Output Device.

What’s More

Exercise:

How can you relate the parts of the computer to a person?

What is Data?
Data is a collection of facts and figures, such as values or measurements.

The data is the raw material to be processed by a computer.

Data versus Information

When data are processed, interpreted, organized, structured or presented so as to

make them meaningful or useful, they are called information
Differences in Meaning

The raw input is data and it has no significance when it exists in that form. When
data is collated or organized into something meaningful, it gains significance.
This meaningful organization is information.

Types of Data

Numeric data
 The data which is represented in the form of numbers
 This includes 0-9 digits, a decimal point (.) +, /, - sign and the letters “E” or
“D”.

Character data
Data Processing Cycle

- Data processing is simply the conversion of raw data to meaningful

information through a process.
- The data is processed again and again until the accurate result is achieved.

Input

- Input is the task where verified data is coded or converted into machine
- readable form so that it can be processed through a computer

A hardware is an input device if it is used to enter data or give commands to the

computer. Two of the most common input devices are keyboard and mouse. A
keyboard is an input device because if you want to enter data to the computer, we
have to press the keys or each letter, numbers or special keys. A mouse is also an
input device because if you want to give instruction to the computer, we have to
press its buttons.
Processing

- Processing is when the data is subjected to various means and methods of

manipulation, the point where a computer program is being executed, and it
contains the program code and its current activity.
 Classifying
 Sorting
 Calculating
 Summarizing
 Comparing

Output
- Output is presented to users in various report formats like printed report,
audio, video or on monitor.
 Text
 Graphics
 Audio
 Video

A hardware is an output device if it gives the results done by the computer. Some
of the common devices are: monitor, which displays the text, graphics and
documents done in the computer; the printer, it prints on the paper the text and
graphics that you have inputted to. Speakers and headphones are output device
because through them you could hear sounds and music coming from your
computer.

Storage

- Storage is a location which data instruction and in which data, instruction and
information are held for future use
- Every computer uses to hold system software and application software
- A storage medium, also called secondary storage is the physical material in
the computer that keeps data, instruction and information.

Types of Data Processing

Manual Data Processing

The process of data entry implies many opportunities for errors, such as:
 Delays in data capture
 A high amount of operator misprints,
 High labor costs from the amount of manual labor required etc.
Electronic data processing

 Use of computers for recording, manipulating, and summarizing data

 Computer can help
 Accuracy
 Speed
 Consistency
 Storage capacity
 Automation

Computer data processing

The eleven data of processing operations in a computer are:

 Recording
 Verifying
 Duplicating
 Classifying
 Sorting
 Calculating
 Summarizing and reporting
 Merging
 Storing
 Retrieving
 Feedback

The components involved data processing

 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

 Computer Memory (RAM and ROM)
 Data bus
 Ports
 Motherboard
 Hard disk
 Output Devices
 Input Devices
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Computer Memory (RAM and ROM)

 When the computer is doing any job, the data that have to be
processed are stored in the primary memory
 The following terms related to memory of a computer are discussed
below:
o Random Access Memory (RAM)
o Read Only Memory (ROM)
o Programmable read-only memory (PROM)
o Cache Memory
o Registers
Input Devices

- Keyboard: The layout of keyboard is just like the traditional typewriter of the
type QWERTY
- Mouse: It rolls on a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top
- Scanner: Scanner is an optical device that can input any graphical matter and
display it back

Output Devices

- Visual Display Unit: It is also called the monitor

- Speaker
- Printer: It is an important output device which can be used to get a printed
copy of the processed text or result on paper.
Computer Processing Operations

A computer can perform only the following four operations which enable computers
to carry out the various data processing activities we have just discussed

- Input/Output Operations
- Calculation and text manipulation operations
- Logic/Comparison Operations
- Storage and Retrieval Operations
 What’s More

Why is data important?

What I Have Learned

Make a concept map about data processing.

 What I Can Do

Differentiate manual data processing and electronic data processing and cite some
examples.
 Lesson
Access Information Using
3 Computer

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Select correct program/application based on job requirements;
2. Access program/ application containing the information required according to
company procedures;
3. Select, open and close desktop for navigation purposes; and
4. Carry out keyboard techniques in line with OHS requirements

Information access is the freedom or ability to identify, obtain and make use of
database or information effectively. There are various research efforts in information
access for which the objective is to simplify and make it more effective for human
users to access and further process large and unwieldy amounts of data and
information.

What I Know

Pre-Test
Directions: Carefully read the questions and chose the best answer from the options
given. Write the letter on the spaces provided.
1. These are used to perform specific tasks. What is it?
a. Typing keys c. Function keys
b. Numeric keypad d. Navigation keys
2. What is the main way to enter information on your computer?
a. Mouse c. Printer
b. Keyboard d. All of the above
3. These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to perform
certain actions. What is it?
a. Control keys c. Numeric Keys
b. Typing keys d. Function keys
4. Using this action or command can perform faster than using the mouse.
What is it?
a. Command b. Shortcuts c. Keyboard shortcuts d. Both a & b
 5. The shortcuts can be seen at .
a. Icons c. Manu bar
b. Desktop d. Keyboard
6. This is sometimes defined more broadly to include the taskbar and
Windows sidebar. What is it?
a. Taskbar c. Desktop
b. Windows d. Program
7. What will you do to see the whole desktop without closing any programs
or windows?
a. Click the show task bar button. c. Click the desktop bar button.
b. Click the home button. d. None of the above.
8. What is one of the icons that you’ll see when you first start Windows?
a. My Computer b. Recycle Bin c. My Documents d. Both a & b
9. What will you do if you want an easy access from your desktop to your
favorite files or programs?
a. Move them b. Copy it c. Create a shortcut d. Create a folder

10. Where can you find the files that you have deleted?
a. It no longer exists c. Undo it after deleting
b. Recycle Bin d. Both b and c

TRUE or FALSE:
1. The desktop background is also called the wallpaper.
2. If you spill liquid on the keyboard, quickly wipe it with dry cloth.
3. Reconnect the keyboard once it is dry.
4. Cleaning your computer regularly can help to keep it working properly.
5. You can’t drag icons so you can’t move them again.

What’s In

DESKTOP FUNDAMENTALS

THE DESKTOP (Overview)

The desktop is the main screen area that you see after you turn on your
computer and log on to Windows. Like the top of an actual desk, it serves as a surface
of your work. When you open programs or folders, they appear on the desktop. You
can also put things on the desktop, such as files and folders, and arrange them
however you want.

The desktop is sometimes defined more broadly to include the taskbar and
Windows Sidebar. The taskbar sits at the bottom of your screen. It shows you which
programs are running and allows you to switch between them. It also contains the start
button, which you can use to access programs, folders and computer settings. On the
other side of the screen, Sidebar contains small programs called gadgets.
Where did my desktop go?

Because programs run on top of the desktop, the desktop itself is often partially
or completely hidden. But it’s still there, underneath everything. To see the while
desktop without closing any of your open programs or windows, click the Show
Desktop button on the taskbar. The desktop is revealed. Click the icon again and
restore all of your windows to the way they were.

Working with desktop icons

Icons are small pictures that represents files, programs and other items. When
you first start Windows, you’ll see at least one icon in your desktop: the Recycle Bin
(more on that later). Your computer manufacturer might have added other icons on
the desktop. Some examples of desktop icons are shown below.

Adding and removing icons from the desktop

You can choose which icons appear on the desktop – you can add or remove
an icon anytime. Some people like a clean, uncluttered desktop with few or no icons.
Others place dozens of icons on their desktop to give them quick access to frequently
used programs, files and folders.

If you want easy access from the desktop to your favorite files or programs,
create shortcuts to them. A shortcut is an icon that represents a link to an item, rather
than the item itself. When you double click a shortcut, the item opens. If you delete a
shortcut, only the shortcut is removed, not the original item. You can identify shortcuts
by the arrow on their icon.
 1. Locate the item that you want to create a shortcut for.
2. Right click the item, click Send To, and the click Desktop. The shortcut icon
appears on your desktop.

Moving icons around

Windows stacks icons in columns on the left side of the desktop. But you’re not
stuck with that arrangement. You can move icon by dragging it to a new place on the
desktop.

Selecting multiple icons

To move or delete a bunch of icons at once, you must first select all of them.
Click an empty area of the desktop and drag the mouse. Surround the icons that you
want to select with the rectangle that appears. Then release the mouse button. Now
you can drag the icons as a group or delete them.

Hiding desktop icons

If you want to temporarily hide all of your desktop icons without actually
removing them, right click an empty part of your desktop, click View and then click
Show Desktop Icons to clear the check mark from that option. Now no icons are
displayed on the desktop. You can get them back by clicking Show Desktop Icon
again.

THE START MENU (Overview)

The start menu is the main gateway to your computer’s programs, folders and
settings. It’s called a menu because it provides a list of choices, just as a restaurant
menu does. And as “Start” implies, it’s often the place that you’ll go to start or open
things.

Use the Start menu to do these common activities:

1. Start programs
2. Open commonly used folders
3. Search for files, folders and programs
4. Adjust computer settings
5. Get help with the Windows operating system
6. Turn off the computer
7. Log off from windows or switch to a different user account

The Start menu is divided into three basic parts:

a. The large pane shows a short list of programs on your computer. Your computer
manufacturer can customize this list, so its exact appearance will vary. Clicking
All Programs displays a complete list of programs.
 b. In the lower left corner is the search box, which allows to look for the programs
and files on your computer by typing in search terms.
c. The right pane provides access to commonly used folders, files, settings and
features. It’s also where you go to log off from windows or turn off your
computer.

The Search box

It is one of the most convenient ways to find thins on your computer. The exact
location of the items doesn’t matter – the Search box will scour your programs and all
of the folders in your personal folder (which includes Documents, Pictures, Music,
desktop, and other common locations). It will also search your e-mail messages, saved
instant messages, appointments and contacts.

To use the Search box, open the Start menu and start typing. You don’t need
to click inside the box first. As you type, the search results appear above the Search
box in the left pane of the Start menu.

A program, file or folder will appear as a result if:

a. Any word in its title matches or begins with your search terms.
b. Any text in the actual contents of the file – such as the text in a word-processing
document – matches or begins with your search term.
c. Any word in a property of the file, such as the author, matches or begins with
your search term.
The Recycle Bin
When you delete a file or folder, it doesn’t actually get deleted right away – it
goes to the Recycle Bin. That’s a good thing, because if you ever change your mind
and decide you need a deleted file, you can get it back.

The recycle bin when empty (left) and full (right).

If you’re sure that you won’t need the deleted items again, you can empty the
Recycle Bin that will permanently delete the items and reclaim any disk space they
were using.

What’s New

It is important to familiarize the in selecting and accessing program/applications

containing the information. Identify the following programs/applications below. Write
your answer on the spaces provided.
1. It sits at the bottom of the desktop screen.
2. It contains small programs called gadgets.
3. These are small pictures that represents flies, folders, programs
and other items.
4. It is an icon that represents a link to an item.
5. It provides a list of choices, just as a restaurant does.

Name five programs that can be seen in the desktop screen.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

What is It

USING THE KEYBOARD

Whether you’re writing a letter or entering numerical data, the keyboard is the main
way to enter information into the computer. But did you know you can also use the
keyboard to control your computer? Learning just a few simple keyboard commands
(instructions to your computer) can help you work efficiently.
How the keys are organized

The keys on the keyboard can be divided into several groups based on function:
a. Typing (alphanumeric) keys. These keys include the same letter, number,
punctuation, and symbol keys found in a traditional typewriter.
b. Control keys. These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to
perform certain actions. The most frequently used control keys are CTRL, ALT,
the Windows logo key and ESC.
c. Function keys. The function keys are used to perform specific tasks. Theys
are labeled as F1, F2, F3 and so on up to F12.the functionality of these keys
differ from program to program.
d. Navigation keys. These keys are used for moving around in documents or
webpages and editing text. They include the arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE
UP, PAGE DOWN, DELETE and INSERT.
e. Numeric keypad. The numeric keypad is handy for entering numbers quickly.
The keys are grouped together in a block like a conventional calculator or
adding machine.

The following illustration shows how these keys are arranged on a typical keyboard.
Your keyboard layout may differ.

Typing Text

Whenever you need to type something in a program, e-mail message or text box, you’ll
see a blinking vertical line (l). That’s the cursor, also called insertion point. It shows
where the text that you type will begin. You can move the cursor by clicking in the
desired location with the mouse, or by using the navigation keys.
In addition to letters, numerals, punctuation marks, and symbols, the typing keys
include SHIFT, CAPS LOCK, the TAB key, ENTER, the SPACEBAR and
BACKSPACE.

Key name How to use it

SHIFT Press SHIFT in combination with a letter to type an uppercase
letter. Press SHIFT in combination with another key to type the
symbol shown on the upper part of that key.
CAPS LOCK Press CAPS LOCK once to type all letters as uppercase. Press
CAPS LOCK again to turn this function off. Your keyboard may
have alight indicating whether CAPS LOCK is on.
TAB Press the TAB key to move the cursor several spaces forward.
You can also press the TAB key to move to the next text box on
a form.
ENTER Press ENTER to move the cursor to the beginning of the next
line. In a dialog, press ENTER to select the highlighted button.
SPACEBAR Press the SPACEBAR to move the cursor one space forward.
 BACKSPACE Press BACKSPACE to delete the character before the cursor,
or the selected text.

Using keyboard shortcuts

Keyboard shortcuts are ways to perform actions by using the keyboard. They’re called
shortcuts because they help your work faster. In fact, any action or command you can
perform with a mouse can be performed faster using one or more keys on your
keyboard.

In Help topics, a plus sign (+) between two or more keys indicates that those keys
should be pressed in combination. For example, CTRL+A means to press and hold
CTRL and then press A. CTRL+SHIFT+A means to press and hold CTRL and SHIFT
and then press A.
Find program shortcuts
You can do things in most programs by using the keyboard. To see which commands
you have keyboard shortcuts, open a menu. The shortcuts (if available) are shown
next to the menu items.

Choose menus, commands and options

You can open menus and choose commands and other options using your keyboard.
When you press ALT in a program with menus, one letter in each of the menu names
become underlined. Press an underlined letter to open the corresponding menu. Press
the underlined letter in a menu item to choose that command.

Press ALT+F to open the File menu, then press P to choose the Print command.
This trick works in dialog boxes too. Whenever you see an underlined letter attached
to an option in a dialog box, it means you can press ALT plus that letter to choose
that option.

Useful shortcuts

The following table lists some of the most useful keyboard shortcuts.
Press this To do this
Windows logo key Open the start menu
ALT+TAB Switch between open programs or
windows
ALT+F4 Close the active item or exit the cative
program
CTRL+S Save the current file or document
(works in most programs)
CTRL+C Copy the selected item
CTRL+X Cut the selected item
CTRL+V Paste the selected item
CTRL+Z Undo an action
CTRL+A Select all items in a document or
window
F1 Display Help for a program or Windows
Windows logo key +F1 Display Windows Help and Support
ESC Cancel the current task
Application key Open a menu of commands related to a
selection in a program. Equivalent to
right clicking the selection.

Using navigation keys

The navigation keys allow you to move the cursor, move around in documents and
webpages and edit text. The following table lists some common functions of these
keys.

Press this To do this

LEFT ARROW, RIGHT ARROW, UP Move the cursor or selection one space
ARROW or DOWN ARROW or line the direction of the arrow, or scroll
a webpage in the direction of the arrow.
HOME Move the cursor to the beginning of a line
or move to the top of a webpage.
END Move the cursor to the end of a line or
move to the bottom of a webpage.
CTRL+HOME Move to the top of a document.
CTRL+END Move to the bottom of a document
PAGE UP Move the cursor or page up one screen
PAGE DOWN Move the cursor or page down one
screen
DELETE Delete the character after the cursor or
the selected text; in Windows, delete the
selected item and move it to the Recycle
Bin.
INSERT Turn Insert mode off or on. When Insert
mode is on, text that you type is inserted
at the cursor. When Insert mode is off,
text that you type replaces existing
characters.
Using the numeric keypad

The numeric keypad arranges the numerals 0 through 9, the arithmetic operators +
(addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication) and / (division), and the decimal point as
they would appear on a calculator or adding machine. These characters are duplicated
elsewhere on the keyboard, of course, but the keypad arrangement allows you to
rapidly enter numerical data or mathematical operations with one hand.

To use the numeric keypad to enter numbers, press NUM LOCK. Most keyboards
have light that indicates whether NUM LOCK is on or off. When NUM LOCK is off, the
numeric keypad functions as a second navigation keys (these functions are printed on
the keys next to the numerals or symbols).
You can use your numeric keypad to perform simple calculations with Calculator.

Tips for using your keyboard safely

Using your keyboard properly can help avoid soreness or injury to your wrists, hands
and arms, particularly if you use your computer for long periods of time. Here are some
tips to help you avoid problems:
1. Place your keyboard at elbow level. Your upper arms should be relaxed at your
sides.
2. Center your keyboard in front of you. If your keyboard has a numeric keypad,
you can use the space bar as the centering point.
3. Type with your hands and wrist floating above the keyboard, so that you can
use your whole arm to reach distant keys instead of stretching your fingers.
4. Avoid resting your palms or wrists in any type of surface while typing. If your
keyboard has a palm rest, use it only during breaks from typing.
5. While typing, use a light touch and keep your wrists straight.
6. When you’re not typing, relax your arms and hands.
7. Take short breaks from computer use every 15 to 20minutes.

Cleaning the Keyboard

A dirty keyboard doesn't look nice, and can cause your keyboard to not work
properly. Dust, food, liquid, or other particles can get stuck underneath the keys,
which can cause them not to work. Check your owner's manual to see if the
manufacturer has provided you with instructions for your specific keyboard. If so,
you should follow them. If not, the following steps are basic cleaning tips that will
help you keep your keyboard clean:
1. Unplug the keyboard from the USB or PS/2 port. If the keyboard is plugged
into the PS/2 port, you will need to shut down the computer before unplugging
it.
2. Turn the keyboard upside down and gently shake it to remove dirt and dust.
 3. Use a can of compressed air to clean between the keys.
4. Moisten a cotton cloth or paper towel with rubbing alcohol, and use it to clean
the tops of the keys. Do not pour alcohol (or any other liquid) directly onto the
keys.
5. Reconnect the keyboard to the computer once it is dry. If you are connecting
it to a PS/2 port, you will need to connect it before turning the computer on.

What’s More

Direction: Answer the following questions briefly and concise.

Questions:
1. In your own observation, does knowing the keyboard shortcuts helps you in
doing your work quickly? Why?

2. Why is there a need to know and practice in using the keyboard properly?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Write an essay in carrying out keyboard techniques in line with OHS
requirements. (At least two paragraphs.)

What I Can Do

Direction: Give five examples of the do’s and don’ts in taking good care of the
keyboard.

Note:

Name some keyboard shortcuts that you have known which weren’t discussed above.
 Assessment:

Pre-Test
Directions: Carefully read the questions and chose the best answer from the options
given. Write the letter on the spaces provided.
1. These are used to perform specific tasks. What is it?
a. Typing keys c. Function keys
b. Numeric keypad d. Navigation keys
2. What is the main way to enter information on your computer?
a. Mouse c. Printer
b. Keyboard d. All of the above
3. These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to perform
certain actions. What is it?
a. Control keys c. Numeric Keys
b. Typing keys d. Function keys
4. Using this action or command can perform faster than using the mouse.
What is it?
a. Command b. Shortcuts c. Keyboard shortcuts d. Both a & b
5. The shortcuts can be seen at .
a. Icons c. Manu bar
b. Desktop d. Keyboard
6. This is sometimes defined more broadly to include the taskbar and
Windows sidebar. What is it?
a. Taskbar c. Desktop
b. Windows d. Program
7. What will you do to see the whole desktop without closing any programs
or windows?
a. Click the show task bar button. c. Click the desktop bar button.
b. Click the home button. d. None of the above.
8. What is one of the icons that you’ll see when you first start Windows?
a. My Computer b. Recycle Bin c. My Documents d. Both a & b
9. What will you do if you want an easy access from your desktop to your
favorite files or programs?
a. Move them b. Copy it c. Create a shortcut d. Create a folder
10. Where can you find the files that you have deleted?
a. It no longer exists c. Undo it after deleting
b. Recycle Bin d. Both b and c

TRUE or FALSE:
1. The desktop background is also called the wallpaper.
2. If you spill liquid on the keyboard, quickly wipe it with dry cloth.
3. Reconnect the keyboard once it is dry.
4. Cleaning your computer regularly can help to keep it working properly.
5. You can’t drag icons so you can’t move them again.