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    Retrosynthesis

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    Arsalan Khan Ghauri
    Retrosynthesis involves breaking down a target molecule into simpler starting materials through imaginary bond breaking or functional group transformations. This is called retrosynthetic analysis or the disconnection approach. It proceeds in two steps - retrosynthetic analysis then forward synthesis. The key aspects are breaking the target molecule into synthons or functional group equivalents that can be achieved through high yielding reactions meeting the principles of green chemistry. There are different types of disconnections including one group C-X disconnections, two group C-X disconnections, and C-C disconnections.

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    Retrosynthesis

    Uploaded by

    Arsalan Khan Ghauri
    139 views3 pages
    Retrosynthesis involves breaking down a target molecule into simpler starting materials through imaginary bond breaking or functional group transformations. This is called retrosynthetic analysis or the disconnection approach. It proceeds in two steps - retrosynthetic analysis then forward synthesis. The key aspects are breaking the target molecule into synthons or functional group equivalents that can be achieved through high yielding reactions meeting the principles of green chemistry. There are different types of disconnections including one group C-X disconnections, two group C-X disconnections, and C-C disconnections.

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    Retrosynthesis involves breaking down a target molecule into simpler starting materials through imaginary bond breaking or functional group transformations. This is called retrosynthetic analysis or the disconnection approach. It proceeds in two steps - retrosynthetic analysis then forward synthesis. The key aspects are breaking the target molecule into synthons or functional group equivalents that can be achieved through high yielding reactions meeting the principles of green chemistry. There are different types of disconnections including one group C-X disconnections, two group C-X disconnections, and C-C disconnections.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    139 views3 pages

    Retrosynthesis

    Uploaded by

    Arsalan Khan Ghauri
    Retrosynthesis involves breaking down a target molecule into simpler starting materials through imaginary bond breaking or functional group transformations. This is called retrosynthetic analysis or the disconnection approach. It proceeds in two steps - retrosynthetic analysis then forward synthesis. The key aspects are breaking the target molecule into synthons or functional group equivalents that can be achieved through high yielding reactions meeting the principles of green chemistry. There are different types of disconnections including one group C-X disconnections, two group C-X disconnections, and C-C disconnections.

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    Retrosynthesis

    Introduction of Retrosynthesis:

    Synthetic design involves two steps:


    1. Retrosynthetic Analysis
    2. Forward Synthesis
    E.J. Corey introduced this synthetic design.
    A logical breakdown for designing organic synthesis which involve the breakdown of the
    target molecule into the available starting materials by imaginary breaking of bonds
    (disconnection) or by functional group interconversions (FGI) is known as disconnection
    approach or retrosynthetic analysis.
    The symbol signifies a reverse synthetic step and is called a transform.

    Target molecule: The molecule to be synthesised.


    Disconnection: An imaginary bond breaking corresponding to the reverse of a real reaction.
    Functional group interconversion (FGI): The process of interconverting one functional into
    another during retrosynthetic analysis.
    Synthons: An idealized fragment (usually a cation or anion) resulting from a disconnection.
    cation needs -ve charge atom while anion needs +ve charge atom.
    Synthetic equivalent: A real chemical compound (reagent) carrying out the function of a
    synthon.
    Aspects for Retrosynthetic analysis:
     The methodology actually works in the experimental condition.
     The number of synthetic steps must be as less as possible.
     The yield of each step must be good to excellent.
     The side products and impurities must be easily separable from the desired product.
     The synthetic steps must follow principle of green chemistry.
     The synthetic process must be economically viable.
    Routes for Retrosynthetic analysis:
    There are two types of routes possible.
    The convergent route has been found to be better than the linear one with respect to the overall
    yield.

    Types of Disconnection:

    1. One group C-X Disconnection:


    Disconnect the bond joining the heteroatom to rest of the molecule. This disconnection
    expressed as C-X, C-N, C-O, C-S disconnections above the transform arrow.
    2. Two group C-X Disconnection:
    Disconnection will be carried out on the basis of two functional groups.
    It expressed as diX.
    Numbering starts from carbon atom bearing the functional group.
    1,1-diX (Acetals
    1,2-diX
    1,3-diX

    For the disconnection of any molecule, we must keep in mind the following rules for
    simplification:
    1. Target middle of the molecule:

    2. Disconnect at branch point:


    3. Disconnection at the symmetry point:

    01: Introduction of Disconnection


    02: Synthons nd Synthetic Equivalents
    03: Functional Group Interconversion
    04
    05: C-X Disconnection
    06: C-C Disconnection

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