Improve The Efficiency of The Air-Cooled Condenser: Pham Thai Hung

Improve the efficiency of the air-
cooled condenser
Abstract
The condenser is used to cool the high-pressure high-temperature hot gas of the School of Heat Engineering
compressor outlet. After being cooled in the condenser, the hot gas at high and Refrigeration, Hanoi
temperature will reduce the temperature and turn into a liquid flowing to the University of Science and
liquid gas tank. There are different types of water-cooled or wind-cooled Technology, Viet Nam.
condenser units. The scope of this paper is to save energy with a wind-cooled E-mail:
condenser by using a inverter fan in condenser. Hung.pt172028@sis.hust.edu.
vn
Keywords: air-cooled, Condenser, inverter fan
Tel: +84981102623
Pham Thai Hung

1. Introduction 2. Condensers use constant speed fans
Today, air conditioning is indispensable in buildings, To convenient for calculation, i have a Carrier’s
hotels, offices, restaurants, tourism, cultural, condenser model MAP2007T8P
medical, and sports services but also means of - Qk = 20 HP
transport such as cars, trains, ships ... Research - Power supply: 3 phase 4 line 50Hz 400 V
shows that in Vietnam, air conditioners account for - Power consumption: 17.4 KW
28 to 64% of the total electricity consumed in a And this condenser have a fan:
building. In summer, due to continuous use of air - Air flow : 12600 m3/h = 3,5 m3/h
conditioners, electricity consumption will increase - Power supply: 3 phase 4 line 50Hz 400 V
by about 50% on average. When the outdoor - Power consumption: Efan = 0.75 KW
temperature increases by 1 degree C, the electricity - Static of pressure : P = 40 pa
consumption of the air conditioner increases by 2- In realistic, this air conditioning system is in a
3%. Therefore, saving electricity for air-conditioning business center and it operates continuously from
system is essential. The air-conditioning system is a 8am to 10pm and 312 days a years
complex system, so this article is only about  Amount of electricity need supply for fan a
increasing the heat exchange efficiency of years:
condenser. The main scope of this paper is E1 = Efan * t = 3510 (KWh) (2.1)
caculating saving energy when using an inverter fan 3. Condensers use variable speed fans ( inverter
instead of a constant speed fan in condenser. The fans )
inverter fans use a pressure sensor that responds to The inverter fan uses a frequency converter for the
the hot gas pressure to adjust the fan speed with the purpose of varying the frequency of current, thereby
inverter automatically according to the inverter's PID varying the capacity of the motor to match the
controller. thermal load.
Q1 V 1 ω1 ω : Air speed through the fan (m/s)
= = (3.1)
Q2 V 2 ω2
Cp: specific heat capacity of the air (J/Kg.K)
Δ t : difference temperature between air flow in and
Q = G.Cp. Δ t (3.2)
out of condenser Δ t = 50C
G = V.ρ (3.3) ρ : the density of air ( kg/m3)
The changes in the heat load and air flow are shown
Q : Thermal load in the room (KW)
on the chart by the time of a day in
V : Air flow through the fan ( m3/h ) Figure 1.
Figure 1: The changes in the heat load and air flow
The hourly electrical capacity is caculated from the the fan corresponding to the rotation speed
air flow in figure 1 and static pressure by Fantech according to the formula:
software.
E1 v 1 3
=( ) (3.4)
E2 v 2
From formula 3.4, fan capacity each hour in

Figure 3
Figure 2: Fantech sofftware
Fantech software will caculate roatation speed

(r/min). From there, we can calculate the power of
Table 1
Time 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Air flow (m3/s) 1.38 1.4 1.44 1.75 2.27 3.15 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.15 2.63 2.27 2.27 2.27 1.94
Frequency (Hz) 18 18 19 23 30 41 45 45 45 41 34 30 30 30 25
Speed (r/min) 346 346 365 442 576 787 864 864 864 787 653 576 576 576 480
Power (kW) 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.1 0.22 0.57 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.57 0.32 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.13
2.2..
=> Total capacity of the inverter fan for a year: E Σ=¿ 3. Compressor performance.
1965 kW. The compressor is a key component in any heat pump
system, although improvements in the heat pump
4. Comparison between two system system will improve the drying conditions. However,
The diffirence about capacity between inverter fan compressor performance is innegligible.
and constant speed fan is shown on figure 3
(B) and (2) consequently, part of the moisture from

the air is condensed (F) and heat recovered in this
way causes the working refrigerant (R22) to boil in
the evaporator (5). The compressor provides external
work (1), R22 increases its pressure and temperature;
then it is condensed in the condenser (2), thus
exchanging heat to the air (C) and raising it to the
appropriate temperature (D). The heated and moisture
reduced air (E) can be used in the dryer. The Ramzin-
Mollier chart of the air cycle is shown in Figure 1b.
To provide sufficient moisture and dehydrate rate
during the drying cycle usually requires an adequate
amount of product to be dried. The efficiency of a
heat pump is measured by the coefficient of 4. Conclusion.
performance (COP), and is defined as: This review focuses on dryer-heat pump integration
issues. It shows that a lot of unworkable,
qk useful heat output unnecessarily complicated or doubtful improved
  COP   (2.1)
l power input drying heat pump concepts have been proposed
further by academic R&D work. Dryers have also
In order to reduce energy consumption per unit
been combined with ground- source heat pumps and
moisture of a product, it is necessary to carefully
thermal loops or air-to-air heat exchangers without
consider different methods to improve the energy
proving that such concepts could help increase the
efficiency of drying equipment.
system’s overall energy efficiency. . It can be
2.1. Heat pump assisted microwave drying concluded that conventional drying heat pumps are
already complex systems because of the
interdependency of many thermodynamic parameters.
Therefore, academic R&D studies must provide
industry with relevant and applicable drying heat
pump systems.
References
[1] U. Teeboonma, J. Tiansuwan, and S.
Soponronnarit, “Optimization of heat pump fruit
dryers,” vol. 59, pp. 369–377, 2003, doi:
10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00496-X.
[2] L. Taşeri, M. Aktaş, S. Şevik, M. Gülcü, G. Uysal
Seçkin, and B. Aktekeli, “Determination of drying
kinetics and quality parameters of grape pomace
dried with a heat pump dryer,” Food Chem., vol.
260, pp. 152–159, 2018, doi:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.122.
[3] A. S. Mujumdar, “Handbook of Industrial Drying,”
Handb. Ind. Dry., 2020, doi:
10.1201/9780429289774.

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Improve the efficiency of the air-

Pham Thai Hung

Figure 1: The changes in the heat load and air flow

From formula 3.4, fan capacity each hour in

Figure 2: Fantech sofftware

Fantech software will caculate roatation speed

(B) and (2) consequently, part of the moisture from

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