REVIEWER: UTILITIES

Needed for the plumbing supply system:

Plumbing - Recommended pressure varies from 40-60
- The art and science of installing pipes, psi depending on such things as the number
fixtures, and other apparatus to convey and of fixtures, the height of the building, the
supply water in buildings and to dispose length of piping and the size of the piping.
and discharge waste water and other - Water pressure is created by using a water
liquids, gases and other substances out of pump to flow by gravity from a water
buildings in a safe, orderly, healthy, and tower.
sanitary way to ensure the health and - Water towers are filled by pumping water
sanitation of life and property. into them.
- They have advantage of providing a more
What is plumbing system and how does it work? constant pressure than water pumps.
- The plumbing system is really made up of - They also provided reserve of water of peak
two systems: use of periods.
1. Supply system – brings fresh water - Tall buildings may use the water tower
2. Drain-waste-vent system (DWV) – takes principle and store water in a storage tank
out used water and sewage, also lets air on the roof of the building.
in and waste gases out - To maintain water pressure, design and run
*between these 2 systems are the fixtures supply lines as short and direct as possible
(sinks, tubs, toilets, and so on.) using a minimum number of fittings.
- Use pipe of adequate size, but do not use
- When designing a plumbing system, first pipe larger than needed.
consult the local plumbing codes so that the - Oversized supply lines cause a drop in
requirements is met as the design is pressure while undersized lines do not
developed. deliver sufficient water supply
- Every plumbing system designs begins with - The correct size supply line is determined by
identification of needs estimating the demand for water at each
fixture.
1. Consider the kind and number of fixtures
along with the quantity of both hot and cold PLUMBING FIXTURES
water that will likely be used. Receptacles which are used to provide, receive and
2. With these need in mind, select adequate discharge water, liquid and water-carried wastes
piping for water supply and DWV for each into a drainage system which they are connected
fixture. to:

- To increase efficiency and reduce costs, SOIL SCULLERY BATHING

design the plumbing so that the fixtures are  Water  Kitchen  Lavatories
clustered close together. closets  Laundry  Bathtub
- Well-planned buildings have rooms needing  Urinals tubs  Shower
plumbing placed back to back or above and  Slop sinks  Bar sinks baths
below each other.  Bidets
If you live in a country, your water will likely  Foot/sits tub
come from a well.  Shower-
- It is advisable to hire a professional well receptors
contractor to find a water supply, drill the  Shower
well, and still a well pump and pressure compartments
tank.
What is needed for the plumbing supply system? incorporated into the Building Code for the City of
- The most common size supply line is ½ inch Manila.
- Bathtub, dishwasher, kitchen sink, lavatory,
shower, washing machine, flush toilet, and In 1935, the National Master Plumbers Association
water heater – all require the ½ size supply of the Philippines (NAMPAP) was formally
line organized.
- “media”
- If a supply line branches off to a supply Manila City Ordinance 2411, the Plumbing Code for
more than one fixture, the rule of thumb is: the City of Manila” was enacted and placed under
Can supply: the Department of Public Services, Manila.
¾ inch line 3 ½ inch lines
½ inch line 3 3/8-inch lines In 1954, the Third Congress approved House Bill
No. 962 which in June 18, 1955, became R.A. 1378
- The types of pipes suitable for supply lines “Plumbing Law of the PH” upon the ratification of
includes: President Ramon Magsaysay.
o PVC (polyvinyl- chloride) –
commonly seen (blue) On January 28, 1959, the National Plumbing Code
o CPVC Plastic (chlorinated polyvinyl of the Philippines prepared by NAMPAP was
– chloride) – for industrial promulgated and approved by the Malacanang.
application
o Galvanized iron – for gas lines, Before Martial Law in 1972, Republic Act No. 6541
overhead tank  supply known as Building Code of the Philippines was
o Copper tubing – for aircon, passed with the National Building Code of 1959 as
refrigerator (gold) the referral code in full context.
- Blank iron and lead pipe should not be used
for supply lines (cannot be buried The Professional Regulation Commissioned (PRC)
underground) adopted the Revised Plumbing Code of 1999 which
Pres. Joseph Estrada approved December 21, 1999
PLUMBING pursuant to Section 4 of R.A. 1378 known as the
- The art and technique of installing pipes, Plumbing Law.
fixtures, and other apparatus in buildings
for bringing in the supply liquids, substances 22 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE PLUMBING CODE
and/ or ingredients and removing them and 1. I
such.
- Water, liquid, and other carried wastes 18. Where a plumbing drainage system may be
hazardous to health, sanitation, life and subject to backflow of sewage, suitable provision
property. shall be made to prevent its overflow in the
building.
HISTORY: PLUMBING PRACTICE IN THE
PHILIPPINES 19. Plumbing systems shall be maintained
serviceable condition by registered master
In 1902, the Plumbing Trade was duly recognized plumber.
by the government in the City of Manila.
20. All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly
Master Plumber John F. Haas became the first and paced to be accessible for their intended use.
Chief of the Division of Plumbing Construction and
Inspection. A Plumbing Code based on the 21. Plumbing shall be installed with due regard to
Plumbing Code of the United States was the preservation of the strength of the structural
members and the prevention of damage to walls
and other surfaces through fixture wage.

22. Sewage or other waste from plumbing system

which may be deleterious to surface or subsurface
water shall not be discharged into the ground or
into any waterway, unless first rendered innocuous
through subjection to some acceptable form of
treatment.

Note:
 A trap used on plumbing fixture is use to
prevent backflow of gases coming from the
septic tank.
 Cleanout – incases of clogging
 Ventilation – portion of the drainage pipe
installation intended to maintain a balanced
atmospheric pressure inside the system
 Vent pipe – a pipe or opening used for
ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing
system and for relieving the negative
pressure exerted on the trap seals.
 Plumbing Cleanout – provides a convenient
place to access a building’s drain pipes to
clear clogs and debris
 Hydro test – use for checking leakage
 P trap – prevents odorous gas in plumbing
drains and sewers rising up through a toilet,
sink, or floor drain
 Grease trap – to collect and therefore
reduce the amount of fats, oil, and greases
that enter the main sewers
 Natural Ventilation – windows, grills
 Mechanical Ventilation – exhaust fans
 Influent – flowing in
 Effluent – comes out
 Scum – liquid waste, lighter organic
material that rises to the surface of the
water
 Sludge – solid waste
 Digestion chamber & leaching chamber
 Sludge – solid organic matter that are
denser than water and settle at the bottom
of the septic tank
 Bacteria in septic tank:
Aerobic bacteria: relies in oxygen to survive
Anaerobic bacteria: can survive in places
without oxygen
 2 leaching chamber, 1 digestion chamber