THE COMPILATION OF POETRY

“LIVING WITH HEALTH AND ILLNESS”

FINAL EXAMS OF ENGLISH POETRY

LECTURER :

ELVE OKTAVIYANI, M.HUM.

COMPILATED BY :

IQVA SEPTIASARI (11180260000035)

INTAN AYU MAYESTIKA (11180260000037)

RESHINTYA KURNIA WULANDARI (11180260000065)

HAIFA RAHMA (11180260000119)

ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITY
SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH STATE ISLAMIC
UNIVERSITY JAKARTA
2020

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Preface

All praise is due to Allâh, the Lord of the Worlds. The first thanksgiving is sent to the Almighty,

Allah SWT: The Greatest Creator and Best Motivator who has determined everything in His

hands, so that not a single speck of dew, and a handful of human souls are free from His

provisions. Thank you for giving strength, and health every day, so that we can complete the

final semester examination paper in the English Poetry course entitled: The compilation of

poetry: Living with Health and Illness "

Thank you to parents for their love, encouragement, prayer, advice, motivation, and

material sacrifice. We don't forget to thank Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum. for the knowledge that

has been given to us this semester. It is fortune, and happiness for us to have great lecturers

like you. We cannot do anything to repay all their kindness, but I hope that God will always

bless them all your life.

And to our friends "Barisan Deadliner" who have encouraged us every day. May Allah

SWT bestow his gifts in each of our good deeds, and His gifts to us.

The author realizes that this paper is far from perfect due to the limited experience and

knowledge of the author. Therefore, the authors expect all forms of advice and input even

constructive criticism from various parties. likewise the COVID-19 pandemic is soon over.

Aamiin

Jakarta, Juni 28th, 2020

Author

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Table of Content

PREFACE ......................................................................................................................... 2
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER I ...................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 4
A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ............................................................................ 4
B. PAPER QUESTION ................................................................................................ 4
C. SIGNIFIANCE OF STUDY ...................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II ..................................................................................................................... 6
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK.......................................................................................... 6
A. DEFINITION OF POETRY ...................................................................................... 6
B. DEFINITION OF LIVING ....................................................................................... 6
C. DEFINITION OF MENTAL HEALTH & ILLNESS ................................................... 7
CHAPTER III COMPILATION AND THE RESULT ............................................................ 8
IQVA SEPTIASARI ........................................................................................................ 8
INTAN AYU MAYESTIKA ........................................................................................... 14
RESHINTYA KURNIA WULANDARI........................................................................... 18
HAIFA RAHMA ........................................................................................................... 25
WORKS CITED .............................................................................................................. 26

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The world of literature has existed since the classical Yunani era. Until now, the literary world

is still continuing to develop. Literary work is an art form that is written through the language.

The one of type from literature is poetry. Poetry is as universal language and kind of verbal or

written language that is structured rhythmically and is meant to tell a story, express any kind

of emotion, idea, or state of being (Ollila dan Jantas; Ollila dan Jantas).

Poetry has the beauty of diction, majas, rhyme, and rhythm contained in a poem. In a

poem it also has implied meanings to convey to his readers. Therefore, it is not surprising that

in one poem it has its own distinct values that differ from other poems. In making a poem we

are freed to express the words that want to be a work of poetry. By pouring the form of

expression that is contained in the form of words and sentences, it raises various themes in

Despite the form of a poem, we can do an analysis of a poem to look for implied

meaning or other meanings. In analyzing a poem, we can do it gradually, that is from the title

to finally find a message that we can take from a poem. Therefore, with the creation of this

paper, we will analyze some poems from the theme of life, health and pain. In addition to

fulfilling the final exam, but also so that we can better know about any poem with the theme

of life, health and pain, and can learn how to analyze a work of poetry.

B. PAPER QUESTION
Based on the explanation above, the paper question is formulated as follow:

1. What is the meaning of poetry, living, health and illness?

2. How are the results about poetry analys with that themes?

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C. SIGNIFIANCE OF STUDY
This paper is expected to increase the reader’s knowladge about literature, particulary in

poetry and to provide an analys information about one of themes poetry, namely the theme

living and health and illness.

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 CHAPTER II

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

A. DEFINITION OF POETRY
Poetry is a type of literature based on the interplay of words and rhythm. It often employs

rhyme and meter (a set of rules governing the number and arrangement of syllables in each

line). In poetry, words are strung together to form sounds, images, and ideas that might be too

complex or abstract to describe directly.

Poetry was once written according to fairly strict rules of meter and rhyme, and each

culture had its own rules. For example, Anglo-Saxon poets had their own rhyme schemes and

meters, while Greek poets and Arabic poets had others. Although these classical forms are still

widely used today, modern poets frequently do away with rules altogether – their poems

generally do not rhyme, and do not fit any particular meter. These poems, however, still have

a rhythmic quality and seek to create beauty through their words.

B. DEFINITION OF LIVING

The definition of living is a person or thing that is alive

or active. Time to decision the style or way a person

lives their life. life is a process. the process by which a

person experiences good development in personality,

mindset, maturity, and behavior. And what must be

remembered is that life is the process by which a

person seeks his true self. so it can be concluded that

life is a person's journey towards his purpose in life.

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C. DEFINITION OF MENTAL HEALTH & ILLNESS

The meaning of health has evolved over time. In keeping

with the biomedical perspective, early definitions of health

focused on the theme of the body's ability to function;

health was seen as a state of normal function that could be

disrupted from time to time by disease. An example of such

a definition of health is: "a state characterized by anatomic,

physiologic, and psychological integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and

community roles; ability to deal with physical, biological, psychological, and social stress".

(Wikipedia, 2020)

The most widely accepted definition of health was set out in the Preamble to the Constitution

of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1946. WHO encourages an holistic concept of health,

defining health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence

of disease or infirmity’ (WHO). This definition includes mental and social dimensions and moves the

focus beyond individual physical abilities or dysfunction.

According to WHO now on, World Health Organization, a state of complete physical, mental and

social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (ResearchGate)

Illness (or sickness) is a more subjective concept related to personal experience of a disease.

illness on the other hand is defined is seen by Kleinman as the socio-cultural dimension within which

a person experiences disease. Susser in 1973 tried to define the term “illness” by referring it to the inner

sense of an individual’s feeling unwell. According to him, illness does not refer to any explicit pathology,

but refers to a person’s subjective understanding of it, such as discomfort, tiredness, or general malaise.

We can even regard the concept of sickness as such a notion that combines the biomedical model

(disease) with the socio-cultural context of the patient (illness). (Ember)

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CHAPTER III COMPILATION AND THE RESULT

IQVA SEPTIASARI

Wanting to Die
BY ANNE SEXTON

Since you ask, most days I cannot remember.

I walk in my clothing, unmarked by that voyage.

Then the almost unnameable lust returns.

Even then I have nothing against life.

I know well the grass blades you mention,

the furniture you have placed under the sun.

But suicides have a special language.

Like carpenters they want to know

which tools.

They never ask why build.

Twice I have so simply

declared myself,

have possessed the enemy,

eaten the enemy,

have taken on his craft,

his magic.

In this way, heavy and thoughtful,

warmer than oil or water,

I have rested, drooling at the mouth-hole.

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I did not think of my body at needle point.

Even the cornea and the leftover urine were gone.

Suicides have already betrayed the body.

Still-born, they don’t always die,

but dazzled, they can’t forget a drug so sweet

that even children would look on and smile.

To thrust all that life under your tongue!—

that, all by itself, becomes a passion.

Death’s a sad bone; bruised, you’d say,

and yet she waits for me, year after year,

to so delicately undo an old wound,

to empty my breath from its bad prison.

Balanced there, suicides sometimes meet,

raging at the fruit a pumped-up moon,

leaving the bread they mistook for a kiss,

leaving the page of the book carelessly open,

something unsaid, the phone off the hook

and the love whatever it was, an infection.

Anne Sexton, “Wanting to Die” from The Complete Poems of Anne Sexton (Boston: Houghton Mifflin,
1981). Copyright © 1981 by Linda Gray Sexton and Loring Conant, Jr. Reprinted with the permission of
Sterling Lord Literistic, Inc.

Source: The Complete Poems of Anne Sexton (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1981)

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ANALYSIS :

"Wanting to Die" was written on February 3, 1964 by Anne Sexton. The poem consists

of thirty-three lines into eleven sets (three lines of verse). In this poem, Anne Sexton

openly expressed her thoughts regarding her obsession with death and the constant

battle with suicide. The speaker describes herself walking unconsciously through life,

she is unimpressed and unaffected by the world around her. Sexton personified suicide,

giving him the characteristics of life as if conniving that he could not control it.

In the next two diets, she further explained that he "i have nothing against life"

and did not hate the "grass blades" which symbolized the vitality of the living world;

she just loved the promise of death more. She uses a very interesting simile from

carpenters who say that "suicides have a special language," he said, and "like

carpenters, they want to know which tools. They never ask why build." This parable is

a very strong analogy of death and suicide which highlights her own attitude towards

her; all she questions is how to die, and never why she died.

In the ensuing next due diligence, the speaker described her reoccurrence and

suicide struggle by saying that she had "the enemy, eaten the enemy, have taken on his

craft, his magic.’’ The repetition of the word "enemy" emphasizes the fact that he is

aware of how serious and evil the thought of suicide is, but while it is like "magic"; it

fascinated him. SHe wanted to die, but saw no physical signs or symptoms from his

victims, anywhere. In accordance with the figurative set of personifications, Sexton

said that suicide became the person she influenced. Consuming them fully, both

physically and mentally. And although not all suicides are successful, the flow is almost

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addictive drug - "... a drug so sweet." She uses "children" as a simple metaphor for

innocence; something that the trials and upheavals of her life had robbed her, and that

she could never get back.

At the end of the poem, she tried to justify about the reasons for contemplating

suicide. The first three describe the perception of people who commit suicide about life

as a kind of "drug." Although the pleasure is "very sweet," life makes "body at

needlepoint.” ; life addiction, like drug addiction, prevents a person from seeing the

harsh reality of life. Life as an illusion, the speaker emphasized, making him "already

[betrayed] the body" before he even attempted suicide. Furthermore, death has been

waiting, "year after year," to "undo an old wound" and release the speaker from the

body that had become "prison." Life is a kind of suffering ("wounded") only known by

suicide when they are "balanced there" between life and death. Even love, the main

reason for living, cannot provide sufficient reason for suicide to stay alive; love is an

"infection" that makes them sick for life.

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BY DAVID BUDBILL

I can feel myself slipping away, fading away, withdrawing

from this life, just as my father did. When the

pain you're in

is so great you can’t think about or pay

attention to anything

but your own pain, the rest of the world and all
other life

don't matter.

I think about my friends with dementia, cancer,

arthritis, and

how much more pain they are in than I am, but

it does no good,

their pain is not mine, and therefore, no matter how magnanimous

I might want to be, their pain is not as important to me as my own.

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ANALYSIS :

"A poem about Pain" tells about the pain caused by the speaker father. The pain

experienced by the speaker is so deep that it makes it indifferent to life in the world.

The phonetic device in this poem is a simile in the phrase "just as my father." The

speaker does this by drawing the reader's attention to the comparison by using the

words "as". Then, hyperbole of the verse " When the pain you're in is so great you can’t

think about or pay attention to anything but your own pain, the rest of the world and

all other life" On the devices of grammar there is a repetition of "pain." This poem

focuses on the pain experienced even though the speaker friends have a deeper and

even more physical pain compared to his own pain. The speaker wants to care about

the pain of his friends, but it feels useless and is not important for his life.

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INTAN AYU MAYESTIKA

Eighty-Eight

BY NICHOLAS GORDON

Eighty-eight spends much of life in bed,

Interred beyond her time in drugs and pain.
Grateful only for the gift of sleep,
Having lost the will to laugh or weep,
The shrunken doll repeats just one refrain,
Yearning for the comforts of the dead.

Even so, the trail of pills has led

Into a world she grapples with in vain,
Grasping for a grace she cannot keep,
Harsh and vivid hauntings of
the brain
That make of life a stew of joy and dread.

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ANALYSIS :

Seeing from the title i have not been able to conclude what the subject of the poem is. After i read

slowly and repeated it several times, i just understood this poem tells of the futile life of an old woman.

The title of this poem relates to the first line of this poem which explains the age of the old woman,

who for eighty-eight years only spent her life lying on the bed and had to take medication continuously.

In the first stanza of the fifth line, using visual imagery, which is "shrunken doll". And also the sixth

line uses organic imagery in the word "yearning". I imagine the narrator in this poem is an old man who

tells of his best friend who is lying awaiting death. The rhymes used in this poem are assonance and

consonance which are repeated at the end of each sentence in a stanza with the structure a-b-c-c-b-a.

The conclusion of this poem is about a woman who waits for her death after eighty-eight years of life

in vain and hopes for healing and happiness. He continued to lie in bed with his never-ending illness,

accompanied by drugs which he himself was very disgusted with.

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NICHOLAS GORDON

Give your pain a bit of gratitude.

Endure it with due deference to its cause.
The healing instruments could not intrude
Without obeying certain natural laws.
Each moment is a step towards getting well,
Light shining past the doorway of your pain.
Let time take you gently through this hell,
Sure that time will heal what wounds remain.
One lives in hope yet suffers in despair,
Often bearing more than one can bear,
Needing time to savor time again.

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ANALYSIS :

When I read the title I immediately thought about being grateful for the disease being

suffered. The subject in this poem in my opinion is someone who is struggling with a

chronic illness. The narrator imagined by me is a middle-aged man who is encouraging

his child. The rhyme structure on each row is a-b-a-b-c-d-c-d-e-e-d. The type of rhyme

used is assonance. The type of figurative language used in the seventh line is a

metaphor, "suffering and pain" is figured like "hell". In the sixth line "light shinning"

is a metaphor for "healing". There is a visual imagery on the sixth line, "light shining

past the doorway of your pain". The conclusion of this poem is about an encouragement

to keep the spirit in surviving the illness, and always thank God for all that he has

given. Enjoying the time he would spend with his illness, and also convincing himself

that all illnesses could definitely be cured.

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 RESHINTYA KURNIA WULANDARI

Not to Keep
BY ROBERT FROST (1874-1963)

They sent him back to her. The letter came

Saying . . . And she could have him. And before

She could be sure there was no hidden ill

Under the formal writing, he was there,

Living. They gave him back to her alive—

How else? They are not known to send the dead—

And not disfigured visibly. His face?

His hands? She had to look, and ask,

‘What was it, dear?’ And she had given all

And still she had all—they had—they the lucky!

Wasn’t she glad now? Everything seemed won,

And all the rest for them permissible ease.

She had to ask, ‘What was it, dear?’

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 ‘Enough

Yet not enough. A bullet through and through,

High in the breast. Nothing but what good care

And medicine and rest, and you a week,

Can cure me of to go again.’ The same

Grim giving to do over for them both.

She dared no more than ask him with her eyes

How was it with him for a second trial.

And with his eyes he asked her not to ask.

They had given him back to her, but not to keep.

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ANALYSIS :

By seeing the title “Not to Keep”, we will think the poem give an information that

should not to be keep or save, something that can be enjoyed temporarily. From the

title, we still don’t know who is the subject being discussed, and when we read the title

is still imply multiple possibilities happened. When we read the poem, we better read

it slowly to feel the words even though the writer used simple words. I can imagine

the speaker in this poem is a man who know the condition of the woman. The subject

in this poem is a woman who wait her husband or son comeback to her. She worried

if her husband or son were dead when they brought to home. The themes in this poem

is talk about living and illness, because i can imagine that the subject has overthinking

about her husband or son. The word “enough” is imagine that she doesn’t want to

overthinking again. In this poem, there is no rhyme, many run-on lines, the halting

rhythm and the simple words create the impression of natural everyday. In the second

stanza, the poem used figurative language type dramatic ironic, because the writer

showed how dreadful the experience must have been to her. In the first stanza, the

writer describe that the woman was shadowed with hope that her husband or son can

be safe and nothing happened. In the line 11, there is organic imagery in the word

“Wasn’t she glad now? Everything seemed won” because she was glad that she still had

all, her husband or son still alive. In the line 15, there is visual imagery in the word “A

bullet through and through” because she saw the bullet through his breast, she got

panic and shock at that moment happened. In the line 20, there is visual imagery in

the word “She dared no more than ask him with her eyes” because she could not ready

20
if the second trial happened with her husband or son. In the line 22 in the word “And

with his eyes he asked her not to ask” because he doesn’t wanted her to become worry

and better didn’t ask anything. The mood when read the poem is negative, because i

can imagine how the writer describe about the woman. The woman like uneasy life

waiting for news of her husband or son. She seemed like has trauma attacking her, so

she was unable to control her anxiety. The message i can learn from this poetry

sometime we have to control our thoughts, so we don’t excess thoughts that can cause

us stress.

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I Could Touch It
BY ELLEN BASS

When my wife was breaking apart, my son was falling in love.

She lay on the couch with a heated sack of rice on her belly,
sometimes dozing, sometimes staring out the window at the olive tree

as it broke into tiny white blossoms, as it swelled into bitter black fruit.

At first, I wanted to spare him.

I wished he was still farming up north, tucking bulbs of green onions
into their beds and watering the lettuce,
his hands gritty, his head haloed in a straw hat.

But as the months deepened, I grew selfish.

I wanted him here with his new love.

When I passed the open bathroom door, I wanted
to see them brushing their teeth,

one perched on the toilet lid, one on the side of the tub,
laughing and talking through their foamy mouths,
toothbrushes rattling against their teeth.

Like sage gives its scent when you crush it. Like stone
is hard. They were happy and I could touch it.

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ANALYSIS :

By seeing the title “I Could Touch It”, we will think the poem give an information that

something can be touch, but the writer didn’t say the detail what is it to be touched.

In each line the poem is long who made the poem move fast, because each line has

comma to separate the other word, so it cause to stop for while. I can imagine who

tell the poem is a husband because the writer said “when my wife and my son”. The

poem give a clue speaker’s personality that he like pays attention moment to his wife

and son. The subject in this poem is his wife and his son. There is no has repetition

words and meaning. The poem has connotation in line three with the word “at the

olive tree”, the meaning is symbol of peace. There is any devices of sound alliteration,

assonance, and repetition in some words. The poem used breaks in each stanzas, but

it doesn’t make affect to the structure of meaning’s that poem. The rhyme of poem

still relate with the content. In line three used figurative language symbol in the word

“olive tree”, the meaning is symbol of peace. In line four used figurative language

simile “as” in the word “as it broke into tiny white blossoms, as it swelled into bitter

black fruit.” In line 18 used figurative language simile “like” in ter word “Like sage

gives its scent when you crush it. Like stone”. The poem used dramatic ironic too,

because it appears feel symphathetic to the reader with that condition. Then, imagery

poetry. In line 2 and 3, the poem used visual imagery in the words “She lay on the

couch with a heated sack of rice on her belly,” and “sometimes dozing, sometimes

staring out the window at the olive tree” because the speaker looked at activities of

his wife. In line 6, the poem used organic imagery in the word “I wished” because the

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speaker has hope in the deepest of himself. In line 10, the poem used kinesthetic

imagery in the word “When I passed the open bathroom door” because the speaker

was walking and it must be used his foot to walk passed the door. In line 11, the poem

used visual imagery in the word “to see them brushing their teeth,” because when the

speaker passed the bathroom door, he look at them was brushing their teeth. In line

12, the poem used kinesthetic imagery in the word “laughing and talking through

their foamy mouths,” because laugh ing and talking its include reflex movement. In

line 13, the poem used olfactory imagery in the word “Like sage gives its scent when

you crush it.” because to scent sage is using noise to smell that. In line 14, the poem

used organic imagery in the word “They were happy” because happy is a feeling that

comes from ourself. Still in line 14, the poem used too kinesthetic imagery in the

word “I could touch it” because to touch something we used muscle in our body.

Then, when read this poem, i am feeling negative mood because i imagine its

something sad poem about a man who as a husband and father, but he has a high

selfish. Which unconsciously it slowly destroyed his family and the man seems lost

direction and can only hope that everything will be fun as before and he can touch his

wife and son again. From this poem we can learn that don’t be someone who has high

selfish or it will be destroy us slowly.

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 HAIFA RAHMA

Misunderstanding
BY HA JIN

So let misunderstanding spread.

It only shows how different
you are from others.
Many things cannot bear
explaining; you'd better
let silence and labor speak
in your defense.

You don't need many friends

or to be enamored with beautiful women
or share the wine of happy gatherings,
because you have solitude enough,
content to leave this world without a sound.

Distant thunder can give you pure joy.

Birds in the sky can teach you
another kind of wisdom.
As your soul is growing new wings
such words will disappear from your dictionary:
boundary, complaint, cowardice, collapse...

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ANALYSIS :

There are expressions that indicate, that the atmosphere of a poem is a theme, each

poem has a theme in general only has one theme that surrounds the whole poem. So

in the interpretation of the themes in the poem must interpret as a whole. Then, when

we examine the poem entitled "Misunderstanding", the title of the poem used is quite

in harmony with contained in the contents of the poem. The title, contains the meaning

of a misunderstanding that occurs between individuals with other individuals. As is

the case, between couple, misunderstandings between friends, workers, relatives,

family, and so on. So, it has not shown the specifications of the objects in this poem.

In the sentence "So let misunderstanding spread" contained in the first stanza,

it’s sufficient to explain the subject of the poem, that someone who having a problem

due to a misunderstanding of the people around him. However, in this poem, it doesn’t

show the background, nor time. There is little to explain about the attitude taken when

there is a misunderstanding of the person, namely to be patient and accept everything

that happens gracefully.

Furthermore, the poem feelings contained in the poem "misunderstanding" is

an attitude that strives to be tolerant in living life, ignoring and not caring about what

other people think of him. He would rather be quiet and let it flow. In this poem, there

is the use of the word figurative (metaphor) in the phrase "Birds in the sky can teach

you another kind of wisdom". In addition there is also a figurative (simile) contained

in the sentence "As your soul is growing new wings", because it implies the meaning

of the parable which also uses the conjunction "as". The algorithm in the poem

26
‘Misunderstanding’ is the word “you” which is a binding of several lines, so the lines

seem to be wavy causing rhythm. Furthermore, there is also imagery in the sentence "

or to be enamored with beautiful women " in line nine, beautiful classified as visual

imagery. Then, the mood in this poem is positive, because of its calm nature and invites

us to always think calm and positive.

And finally, the message of the poet contained in the poem, that is that we

always be patient in living life, tolerant, and continue to motivate to rise to be better

and eliminate all negative thoughts in us. The fact is not everything can be explained,

because other people don’t necessarily understand enough to understand ourselves.

27
To Be Held
BY LINDA HOGAN

To be held

by the light

was what I wanted,

to be a tree drinking the rain,

no longer parched in this hot land.

To be roots in a tunnel growing

but also to be sheltering the inborn leaves

and the green slide of mineral

down the immense distances

into infinite comfort

and the land here, only clay,

still contains and consumes

the thirsty need

the way a tree always shelters the unborn life

waiting for the healing

after the storm

which has been our life.

28
ANALYSIS :

By seeing and trying to understand the poem entitled "To Be Held ", the title raised is

less relevant to the contents contained in the poem. The tittle doesnt give any

possibilities of this poem contention other than that. And classified as short poetry.

However, the formation of language formation and the word is quite interesting. The

right placement of diction. There isn't word which is often repeated. The subject drawn

from this poem is "me" who wants himself to be always useful to others. In this poetry

there is no rhyme. Then, there is the figurative word personification at line 3 in the

sentence "to be a tree drinking the rain," on line 12, there is organic imagery in the

sentence "the thirsty need" and visual imagery in sentence and the green slide of

mineral”. This poem develop a positive mood because its content is dominated by

motivational words that can affect the reader's feelings become more excited. Besides

that's all, this poem contains a message and influential. Therefore, the reader was

motivated to always trying to be useful person to others and arround them.

29
WORKS CITED

David Budbill, "A Poem about Pain" from Tumbling toward the End. Copyright ©
2017 by David Budbill. Reprinted by permission of Copper Canyon Press,
www.coppercanyonpress.org.

Hilda Raz. "Now" from Divine Honors copyright © 1997 by Hilda Raz and reprinted
by permission of Wesleyan University Press.

Kilmer. literaryterms.net. 23 April 2019. 28 Juni 2020

<https://literaryterms.net/poetry/>. (2020, June 26)

Oktafiyani, E. (2019). Introduction to Poetry, Prose and Drama. English Department

UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

Ollila, B., & Jantas, J. (2011, 4). The Definition of Poetry. Dipetik Juni 25, 2020, dari
joejantas.files.wordpress: https://joejantas.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/the-
definition-of-poetry1.pdf

Retrived from yourdictionary.com : https://www.yourdictionary.com/living

Poetry Foundation. (2018, April). Dipetik June 23, 2020, dari poetryfoundation.org:
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/146226/a-poems-
about-pain

Poetry Foundation. (2018, April). Dipetik June 23, 2020, dari poetryfoundation.org:
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/146226/waiting-
to-die

Poetry Foundation. (2018, April). Dipetik June 23, 2020, dari poetryfoundation.org:
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/146226/i-could-
touch-it

Poetry Foundation. (t.thn.). Dipetik June 23, 2020, dari poetryfoundation.org:

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/148657/not-to-keep

Poetry Foundation. (2018, April). Dipetik June 23, 2020, dari poetryfoundation.org:
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/146226/i-could-
touch-it

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Poetry Foundation. (2018, April). Dipetik June 23, 2020, dari poetryfoundation.org:
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/152067/misunderstanding

Poetry Foundation. (2018, April). Dipetik June 23, 2020, dari poetryfoundation.org:
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/57908/to-be-held

Poetry Foundation. (2018, April). Dipetik June 23, 2020, dari poetryfoundation.org:
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/47147/little-boy-blue-
56d2276483a71

Source: Divine Honors (Wesleyan University Press, 1997)

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