Mini Trees Home Design

Small Trees for the Home Landscape
EB2036 • CHARLES A. BRUN

Table of Contents
Appropriately Sized Trees for Smaller Yards ......................................................................... 1
What is a small tree? . .................................................................................................... 1
Urban trees are important ............................................................................................. 1
Smaller urban lot sizes.................................................................................................... 2
Lot architecture ............................................................................................................. 2
Planting Design Principles . ................................................................................................. 3
Scale and proportion...................................................................................................... 3
Deciduous trees . ........................................................................................................... 3
Coniferous trees ............................................................................................................ 3
Screening ...................................................................................................................... 4
Spring bloom ................................................................................................................ 5
Fall foliage ..................................................................................................................... 6
Native trees ................................................................................................................... 6
Attracting songbirds ...................................................................................................... 7
Environmental Considerations for Small Trees...................................................................... 8
Shaded sites................................................................................................................... 8
Wet sites . ...................................................................................................................... 8
Dry sites ........................................................................................................................ 8
Hot areas . ..................................................................................................................... 9
Foliar diseases . ............................................................................................................ 10
Insect problems ........................................................................................................... 10
Winter hardiness . ........................................................................................................ 10
Soil pH ........................................................................................................................ 11
Tree Size Considerations ................................................................................................... 12
Power lines .................................................................................................................. 12
Lower limb height ....................................................................................................... 13
Distance from structures . ............................................................................................ 13
Boulevard planting strips ............................................................................................. 13
Illustrated List of Urban Trees ............................................................................................ 15
References ........................................................................................................................ 40
Index ................................................................................................................................ 42
Cover photos, clockwise from upper left: Bigtooth maple, Vine maple, Bloodgood Japanese maple, Variegated
boxelder, Chanticleer flowering pear, and Pink flowering dogwood.
Appropriately Sized Trees
for Smaller Yards
Landscape designers and homeowners selecting plants grow well. The commercial nursery industry in the
for a small, urban lot should choose trees that do not Pacific Northwest has developed a whole host of smaller
overwhelm the site. Full-size forest trees are the wrong stature cultivars of the traditional larger landscape trees.
scale for the newer neighborhood homes as they can There are many examples, known as cultivated varieties,
dwarf or hide the home, as well or “cultivars” of beech, cherries, crabapple, dogwood,
as contribute to maintenance falsecypress, hawthorn, linden, maples, oak, pears,
problems for the home’s siding, This publication plums, pines, sweetgums, and tulip trees that will serve
roof, gutter, and walks. Views only addresses well in confined planting spaces.
from within the home will be
blocked if excessively large
small trees that This publication only discusses trees that don’t
vegetation is grown nearby. are smaller than generally exceed 20 feet in width at maturity. Data for
During winter windstorms large 20 feet in width this publication has been collected from wholesale
trees can become a liability nurseries, garden centers, and landscape designers that
at maturity. either sell or understand the attributes of smaller trees.
when they have been planted
too close to the home. For All of the trees listed in this publication can be found
these reasons it is important at reputable Northwest nurseries. With the advent of
to select smaller trees that are appropriate for use in on-line inventory and web pages it is now possible to
narrow yards, parking strips, and beneath power lines source the more uncommon tree species.
(Fig.1).Trees that are commonly planted in greenbelts,
parks, and school yards are often too tall and/or wide Urban trees are important
for smaller urban lots. Efforts at reducing their size
through topping yield poorly shaped trees that will A healthy urban area hosts a wide diversity of different
never regain their original form. trees both deciduous as well as coniferous. In parks,
school grounds, and public right of ways vegetation is
important for a number of reasons, including energy
conservation, reducing carbon dioxide, reducing storm
water runoff, and aesthetics.
Energy conservation
As the percentage of land taken up by structures and
paving increases in dense urban areas, so too does the
ambient temperature. This “urban heat island effect”
can be reduced by the presence of trees in several ways.
The canopy of a grove of trees shades the ground and
structures while the natural release of water vapor from
trees can help cool the surrounding air. By blocking
the wind, tree foliage reduces the infiltration of air into
homes.
Figure 1. The Northwest nursery industry has a wide
Reducing carbon dioxide levels
selection of smaller trees that could be used for these
small footprint yards. During the day trees take up carbon dioxide and
give off oxygen in the natural process known as
What is a small tree? photosynthesis. During the active life of the tree the
carbon dioxide is sequestered in the woody and foliar
Landscape architects and horticulturists often define
(leafy) biomass. Thus, by planting trees, homeowners
a small tree as one that does not grow taller than 25
can help fight global warming.
to 35 feet. There are no strict rules however, on what
constitutes a small tree. Many factors contribute to Reducing storm water runoff
the size that a tree will attain once it has been in the
ground for a number of years. If the tree is grown on All parts of a tree play their part in absorbing rainfall
well drained, loamy soil, with supplemental watering and filtering pollutants, thus improving the quality
during its first two summers of establishment it should of water runoff in an urban area. New subdivisions
1
often have bio-swales where trees, shrubs, and grass be 16 feet wide. New subdivisions are required to have
vegetation help soak up peak water flows during storms, sidewalks and curbs bordering the street. After all the
thus reducing overland flow into area streams. concrete has been poured for the driveway, a sidewalk,
and perhaps a walkway up to the front entrance, the
Aesthetics remaining front yard is relatively small. If the goals
are to have a view of the home from the street and
Urban trees come in a wide array of sizes, color, not have a tree extend into the neighbor’s property, a
textures, and forms. Collectively they help soften the narrow-stature tree should be considered.
visual impact of homes and streets. A home’s value can
increase from 3 to 10% by having a nicely designed Boulevard planting strip
yard with a host of different types of trees, shrubs, and
herbaceous perennials. The unpaved area between the sidewalk and the street
is referred to as the boulevard planting strip (or a
Smaller urban lot sizes ‘parkway’ or a ‘verge’). This is an ideal location to
plant trees smaller than 20 feet in width at maturity.
In most major cities in the Northwest, county planning However, if the boulevard strip is wider, a larger tree
personnel have seen the need to set new standards can be selected. Larger trees help shade pedestrians
for urban lot sizes. With a steady influx of newcomers walking on the sidewalk, as well as automobiles parked
into a community, it quickly becomes apparent that along the street (Fig. 3). The species listed in Tables 1
the quarter acre (10,000 sq. feet) lot sizes of the 1960s and 2 would be suitable where the planting strip is 4
and 1970s would no longer be appropriate. The cost of feet wide. Homeowners are advised to check with their
providing the basic services that come with dense urban local municipality for any planting restrictions and a
living (roads, sewers, schools, police and fire protection) list of trees for their boulevard planting strip.
encourages the design of smaller lots in order to cluster
homes to protect forests, farms and other open spaces.
The average size urban lot in planned communities in

the Northwest is now approximately 5,000 square feet
(Fig. 2). Though the footprint of the lot may be small,
residents in new subdivisions enjoy the availability of
pedestrian- and bicycle-friendly roads and sidewalks,
regional parks, underground utilities, and a complete
array of both private and public services. A smaller lot
is, of course, more affordable—especially in areas that
are near major employment opportunities or those
which offer scenic, cultural, or recreational amenities.
Figure 2. This single-story home has been built on a

5,000-square-foot lot which limits the space for large trees.
Lot architecture
Small urban lots are typically rectangular with the side
facing the street being narrower than the depth of the Figure 3. The contractor for this new subdivision has
lot. It is not uncommon to find a lot being 50 feet wide selected an ‘Autumn Blaze’ hybrid maple (Acer freemanii, cv.
and 100 feet deep. By design, the driveway to the home ‘Jeffersred’) for this boulevard planting strip. At maturity,
will abut the street and, for a double-car garage, may this tree will be 50 feet tall and up to 40 feet wide.
2
Planting Design Principles
Scale and proportion

The scale of a garden tree refers to its natural shape,
height, and width. It is important to consider scale
when considering plant selection. A large tree planted
next to a single-story home will eventually dwarf
both the structure and the yard. Conversely, a small
tree leaves the available space exposed. A shorter tree
may look better with a single-story home (Fig. 4). A
medium height (40-foot mature height) or a taller tree
(75-foot mature height) can compliment a two-story
home. The tall columnar shape of weeping Alaska cedar
(Chamaecyparis nootkatensis ‘Pendula’) could be used
between taller homes (Fig. 5). However, individual
tastes should play a dominant role in one’s tree
selection criteria. If space is available, there are a great
number of trees that could be selected, including much
larger ones than described in this publication.
Figure 4. The smaller height of this Japanese maple (Acer

palmatum, cv. ‘Bloodgood’) frames a single-story home
well.
Figure 5. The greater height of this weeping Alaska cedar
Even with small trees, avoid the temptation to plant (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis ‘Pendula’) complements the
the tree too close to the house, as a crowded tree will two-story home behind it.
simply not be able to develop its true shape. Tree
branches that infringe upon the house also make serving as the bones of the garden, can still be beautiful
painting or cleaning the siding considerably more (Fig. 6).
difficult. In extreme cases, a home’s foundation can be
cracked by tree roots. Coniferous trees
A small urban or suburban lot offers an ideal
Deciduous trees
opportunity to enjoy the world of small conifers (cone-
The majority of trees planted in the urban environment bearing trees) which come in a multitude of shapes,
have traditionally been deciduous (lose their leaves sizes, colors, and textures. Newcomers to the Pacific
during the winter). Deciduous trees are especially Northwest quickly come to recognize the wide swatches
attractive during the darker days of winter when light of coniferous forest, primarily on the western slopes of
levels are naturally lower. Their branch structure, the Cascade Mountain range. Large stands of Douglas fir
3
Figure 6. The elegant shape of this stately ‘Ever Red’
Japanese maple (Acer palmatum) will grace any garden,
even during the dormant season.
(Pseudotsuga menziesii), western red cedar (Thuja plicata),

and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) extend
from southern Oregon well into British Columbia. On
the east side of the Cascades, Ponderosa pine (Pinus
ponderosa), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia),
Douglas fir, and western hemlock extend well into
Idaho. All of these forest conifer species are valuable
for the building industries. However, their fast growth
rates and large eventual height and widths all but
preclude their use in the urban portions of Northwest
communities. The only forest conifer from this group
suitable for the urban landscape is mountain hemlock
(Tsuga mertensiana) which typically grows very slowly in
lowland gardens and retains a columnar form (Fig. 7).
But avoid planting this species in central Washington Figure 7. A stand of mountain hemlocks (Tsuga mertensiana)
where the summers are too hot for it. provide a sense of nature in this urban setting.
The Northwest’s Christmas tree industry relies heavily from the neighbors by screening patios and pools, and
on the true fir species, predominantly Noble fir (Abies can hide the view of fences, driveways and walls. Dense
procera), Grand fir (Abies grandis), and Nordmann fir conifers can be used to block prevailing wind or dust
(Abies nordmanniana). All of these species grow too large from gravel roads.
for the urban setting. However, one true fir cultivar,
‘Blue Cloak’ white fir (Abies concolor) would work well, Vegetation of any nature can help reduce noise levels
as it does not grow larger than 10 feet tall and 4 feet from adjacent roads. And, when trees are planted in
wide (after 10 years) and has a beautiful powder blue hedgerows, they naturally direct foot traffic.
color (Fig. 8).
In the Northwest, the most common small trees used
Conifers provide both structure and interest during for screening include conifers such as:
the winter, long after deciduous trees lose their leaves.
Rather than viewing conifers as only contributing • False cypress (Chamaecyparis spp.)
different shades of green, landscapers can now choose • Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica)
gold foliage types which help brighten up the shorter, • Leyland cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii)
darker days of the year. ‘Standishii yew’ (Taxus baccata) • Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum)
is a beautiful, columnar conifer that does not grow • Yew (Taxus baccata)
wider than 5 feet, and yet still retains its columnar tree • Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis, Fig. 10)
form with an eventual height of 20 to 25 feet (Fig. 9).
Deciduous trees can also be used for seasonal screens,
Screening providing shade during the summer but allowing for
more open views during the winter. Consider trees
Trees planted close together can serve as living screens from the genus Acer (‘Crimson Sentry’ Norway maple),
on small urban lots. A row of trees can provide privacy Carpinus (‘Frans Fontaine’ hornbeam), Crataegus
4
Figure 8. With its striking color and compact size, ‘Blue Figure 9. ‘Standishii’ yew (Taxus baccata) retains its golden
Cloak’ white fir (Abies concolor) makes a good focal point glow all year long.
in a small yard.
(Washington hawthorn), Fagus (‘Purple Fountain’

columnar beech), Ginkgo (‘Princeton Sentry’), or
Liriodendron (‘Clydesform’ tulip tree).
Spring bloom
While most homeowners consider larger trees for their
ability to provide shade, there are smaller trees that are
best known for their colorful and showy spring bloom.
A burst of spring bloom has long been considered a
welcome addition after the darker and wetter days
of winter. On narrow lots (60 feet or less) one single
flowering tree can serve as the key accent plant to set
off the front yard (Fig. 11). In selecting such a specimen
tree, consider its canopy form, season of bloom,
duration of bloom, and susceptibility to foliar diseases. Figure 10. When grown close together, ‘Emerald Green’
Good examples to consider include pink flowering arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis) works as a hedge to screen
dogwood (Cornus florida ‘Rubra’), Oriental dogwood off a road and a fence.
(Cornus kousa), crabapple (Malus sp.), or one of the
flowering cherry cultivars (Prunus serrulata).
5
• Vine maple (Acer circinatum)
• Oriental dogwood (Cornus kousa)
• Washington hawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum)
• Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboretum)
• Black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica)
In terms of consistently good red fall color, sourwood

(Fig. 12) is one of the best.
Figure 11. The pink bloom of flowering dogwood (Cornus

florida) is a notable attraction for the month of April in
the Northwest.
Fall foliage
When designing for a small lot, consider fall color
just as you would select spring and summer blooming
perennials. While the Northwest native landscape is
known more for its conifers (fir, cedar, hemlock, pine)
there are a number of smaller stature deciduous garden
trees that develop shades of red, yellow, and orange in
the landscape. As fall progresses, trees stop producing
the chlorophyll molecule responsible for giving leaves
their characteristic green color. As levels of chlorophyll
fall off, the yellow and orange carotenoid pigments
in leaves are unmasked. Examples of small trees with
especially brilliant yellow fall foliage include: Figure 12. The intense scarlet red foliage of sourwood
(Oxydendrum arboretum) will serve as a bright focal point
• Bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum) in any yard.
• Coral Bark Japanese maple (Acer palmatum cv.
‘Sango Kaku’)
Native trees
• American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
• Golden desert ash (Fraxinus excelsior cv. There are a number of trees native to the Northwest
‘Aureafolia’) that could be considered for a smaller urban lot.
• Princeton Sentry ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba cv. Advantages to planting native species in your yard may
‘Princeton Sentry’) include:
• Western mountain ash (Sorbus scopulina) • Reducing the need for supplemental watering
• Attracting birds and pollinators
In addition, some species develop the pigment
• Having better survival under adverse conditions
anthocyanin which is responsible for red colors.
• May be less expensive to purchase
This pigment is developed in the leaves from an
• Helping create a true Northwest aesthetic
accumulation of sugars and tannins. In the fall, with
the onset of cooler nights and warm sunny days, sugars Once established, a native tree often requires little
are trapped in the leaves resulting in anthocyanin being follow-up care if it has been planted in the right
manufactured and thus the red coloration. Small lot location. Examples of native trees suitable for small lots
deciduous trees noted for their excellent red fall foliage include:
include: • Rocky Mountain maple (Acer glabrum)
6
• Vine maple (Acer circinatum, Fig. 13) fruit bearing ornamentals, or select an ornamental
• Weeping Alaska cedar (Chamaecyparis that does not bear fruit. In areas where fireblight is a
nootkatensis) problem, Western mountain ash (Sorbus scopulina) is
• Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) considered a better choice over European mountain ash.
• Mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
• Trembling or quaking aspen (Populus
tremuloides); better suited for western
Washington
• Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana)
• Western mountain ash (Sorbus scopulina)
Figure 14. The large fruit (known as ‘drupes’) of the

Oriental dogwood (Cornus kousa) are especially attractive
to songbirds.
Figure 13. The bright, crisp foliage of emerging vine

maple (Acer circinatum) is a prized addition to the native
garden.
Attracting songbirds
Most gardeners enjoy attracting songbirds to their
landscape with the proper selection of trees and shrubs.
Birds will enjoy the fleshy fruits of dogwoods (Cornus
sp. in Fig.14), serviceberry (Amelanchier grandiflora),
European mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), hawthorns
(Crataegus sp.), and crabapples (Malus sp.).
However, note that in central Washington, fruit bearing

trees such as crabapple (Malus sp.), flowering pear
(Pyrus calleryana), and hawthorn (Crataegus sp.) are all
attractive to apple maggot which can lead to conflicts
with nearby commercial orchards. Homeowners will
need to control apple maggot in their yards on these
7
Environmental Considerations
for Small Trees
Shaded sites
In the Northwest there are smaller trees that will thrive
in partial or dappled shade, or if they are exposed to
morning sun and afternoon shade. Dappled shade
is produced by trees and creates a moving pattern of
sunlight and shade. This shade allows for the widest
range of gardening options for growing both shade-
and sun-loving plants. On the north side of buildings,
fences, or walls however, a gardener will be faced with
full shade. This term refers to length of the shadow
created by the structure blocking the sun’s rays. During
the longer days of summer, the length of this shadow
will be reduced, thus allowing possible leaf scorching
on plants that do best in full shade, especially in central
and eastern Washington. Examples of small trees that
can withstand shade include:
• Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)
• Serviceberry (Amelanchier grandiflora)
• Weeping Alaska cedar (Chamaecyparis
nootkatensis)
• Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
• Sourwood (Oxydendron arboretum)
• Yew (Taxus baccata)
• Mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
A good small tree for full shade is Golden Fullmoon

maple (Acer shirasawanum cv. ‘Aureum’, Fig. 15). This
maple variant will experience leaf scorch if planted in a
spot brighter than dappled shade.
Wet sites
Figure 15. Golden fullmoon maple (Acer shirasawanum cv.
The Pacific Northwest is known for long stretches of ‘Aureum’) will thrive in dense shade.
winter rain. In addition, there are many areas with
A number of small lot tree species have inherent
poorly drained soils. The combined effect of winter
tolerance of wet soils. There are cultivars of the
rain and poor drainage can greatly impact the success
following species that could be considered:
or failure of any new landscape. If a tree’s roots are
completely inundated during the winter for a period of
• Red maple (Acer rubrum)
days, the tree will suffer and either grow poorly or not
• Norway maple (Acer platanoides) (Fig. 16)
at all. During home construction it is advisable to grade
• Alaska cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis)
the site so that water drains away from the foundation,
• Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
but also away from future planting sites if possible. On
• Black gum (Nyssa sylvatica)
level sites, soil may have to be brought in for raised
• White spruce (Picea glauca)
planting beds that will help ensure drier root systems.
• Flowering pear (Pyrus calleryana)
However, even if a tree is considered tolerant of wet soil, • Western red cedar (Thuja plicata)
it will often grow better if the planting site is drier. On
very wet sites a landscape contractor can install buried Dry sites
underground drain tile which should help divert water
away from the tree’s roots. Tile drainage is best considered Summers in the Northwest are typically very dry. On
and installed prior to putting in landscape plants. the west side of the Cascades, spring rains conclude
8
• Native trees are best adapted to local conditions
and should do well without water, once they
are established.
• Trees with smaller leaves are better at cooling
themselves. Trees with larger leaves simply lose
more water through transpiration.
• Trees with deep, upright crowns perform better
than those with wide-spreading canopies.
• Species with thick leaves are better at
maintaining good water retention under
dry conditions. Purple Fountain beech is an
example (Fig. 17).
• Conifers often do better than deciduous trees
in surviving drought, as their needles or scales
have thick waxy cuticles.
Figure 16. Columnar Norway maple (Acer platanoides

‘Columnar’) is both narrow and wet-soil-tolerant.
by the end of June and conditions remain dry until

mid-September. On the east side of the Cascades, Figure 17. Purple Fountain beech (Fagus sylvatica) is
it is not uncommon to receive less than 10 inches considered a drought-tolerant species because it bears
of precipitation the entire year. To establish and thick waxy leaves.
successfully grow smaller urban trees, it is important
that they receive either natural rainfall or supplemental Hot areas
irrigation during their first two years in the ground.
In the warmer regions of the Northwest, high summer
On sites where water is limited, trees should be selected temperatures can harm the seasonal growth of both
based on their ability to withstand drought. The deciduous and coniferous trees. In central Washington,
following factors should be considered: hot, dry, exposed sites lead to leaf scorching and
9
reduced growth. The following species have been found Older cultivars of flowering crabapples were noted for
to be the most susceptible to heat damage: susceptibility to apple scab. The newer cultivars such as
• Vine maple (Acer circinatum) ‘Prairiefire,’ ‘Royal Raindrops,’ and ‘Sugar Tyme’ all are
• Fullmoon maple (Acer japonicum) considered scab resistant. Before purchasing a crabapple
• Japanese maple (Acer palmatum) for your yard, check to ensure that it is one that resists
• Katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum) the scourge of apple scab.
• Hinoki falsecypress (Chamaecyparis sp.)
• Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) Insect problems
• Flowering cherries (Prunus sp.)
• Zelkova (Zelkova serrata) The trees described in this publication generally have
few insect problems as long as they are planted in the right
Foliar diseases place. For instance, wood-boring beetles are going to be
a problem on trees grown in hot areas where the trees
In areas west of the Cascades, frequent periods of rain are under water stress. Weeping birch (Betula pendula)
occur in the spring during leaf emergence, contributing grows well in areas west of the Cascades but can suffer
to mold, fungus, and other diseases on the new foliage. from bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius) in the eastern
For instance, all garden trees in the genus Prunus part of the state if planted on a windy, dry site. The
(flowering cherries, plums) are susceptible to foliar chances of borer injury can be reduced if a thick layer
fungal disorders which can result in leaf deformity and of mulch is applied around the base of the trunk. Be
weakened trees. An early symptom is the presence of sure to keep the mulch at least six inches away from
small, red spots that enlarge and become purple with the trunk of the tree. In areas west of the Cascades, a
a white center. These spots will drop out of the leaf, perennial ground cover could be substituted for the
leaving a ‘shot hole’ (Fig. 18). Numerous shot holes give layer of mulch. Birch does best on the north or east
a tattered appearance to leaves. side of a home where the soils potentially have more
moisture and are cooler.
Hawthorns (Crataegus spp.) and crabapples (Malus

sp.) are prone to attack by apple maggot (Rhagoletis
pomonella) and codling moth (Cydia pomonella). In
western Washington, both of these insects cause little
damage. In eastern Washington, local pest management
boards advise against planting these tree species. In
addition, flowering pear is now a host for codling
moth and thus should not be planted near commercial
orchards.
Winter hardiness
Plant hardiness zones help define optimum growing
climates for particular groups of plants. By knowing the
hardiness zone of the planting area, one can properly
select the plants that are best suited to growing there.
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

drew up a map of the United States in the mid
1990s that included eleven different hardiness zones
which were defined by the average annual minimum
temperatures. A 10°F difference defines each zone. Each
of the garden trees listed in this publication contains a
reference to the USDA Hardiness Zone(s) for which the
particular species is rated.
In Washington and Oregon, climates span five

hardiness zones:
• Zone 4: −30°F to −20°F
• Zone 5: −20°F to −10°F
• Zone 6: −10°F to 0°F
Figure 18. The leaf spot fungus (Blumeriella jaapii) is • Zone 7: 0°F to 10°F
responsible for the shot-hole appearance on the leaves of • Zone 8: 10°F to 20°F
this flowering plum.
10
Along the Interstate 5 corridor from Vancouver north
to the border at Blaine, the hardiness zones range from
8 in the south to 7 in the north. On the east side of
the Cascades, the coldest area is zone 4 in the very
northeast corner of the state. All of the trees listed in
this publication are winter hardy in areas west of the
Cascade Mountains.
Soil pH
Soils in south-central Washington typically have a pH
of 7.5 to 8.5, creating a basic, or alkaline, condition.
Small tree species that have not been found to do well
under these conditions include:
• Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
• Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
• Saucer magnolia (Magnolia soulangiana)
11
Tree Size Considerations
Power lines parking strip. By selecting a narrow stature tree, a

homeowner can avoid potential conflicts with limbs
Trees growing large enough to interfere with overhead interfering with power lines.
power lines are a constant source of concern for public
utility districts who must monitor those trees and trim Deciduous trees (less than 25 feet tall at maturity)
them when necessary. Power failures occur when tree suitable for planting beneath power lines.
branches or whole trees fall across or contact electric
lines. During stormy weather, area-wide power failures Scientific name Common name Height Width
can disrupt both businesses and homes with either Acer circinatum Vine maple 15’ 20’
minor or major consequences. Acer grandidentatum Bigtooth maple 25’ 15’
The mature height of a garden tree needs to be known Acer griesum Paperbark maple 25’ 20’
before it is planted beneath or within 15 feet of an Acer negundo Variegated boxelder 25’ 20’
overhead power line. For planting near power lines, ‘Bloodgood’ Japanese
select trees that do not exceed 25 feet in height at Acer palmatum 20’ 20’
maple
maturity (Fig. 19). Even though utility companies trim
‘Coral Bark’ Japanese
trees in the public right of way, they still estimate that Acer palmatum 18’ 14’
maple
90% of tree-related power outages are caused by trees
‘Crimson Sentry’
growing outside of the right-of-way, for example, trees Acer platanoides 25’ 15’
Norway maple
growing in the front yard rather than in the boulevard
‘Autumn Brilliance’
Amelanchier grandiflora 20’ 15’
serviceberry
Betula pendula Young’s weeping birch 15’ 20’
Cercidiphyllum ‘Morioka Weeping’
25’ 20’
japonicum katsura tree
Chinese Kousa
Cornus kousa chinensis 20’ 20’
dogwood
‘Crimson Cloud’
Crataegus laevigata 25’ 18’
hawthorn
Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington hawthorn 25’ 20’
‘Aureafolia’ Golden
Fraxinus excelsior 20’ 18’
Desert ash
‘Sugar Tyme’
Malus ‘Sutyzam’ 18’ 15’
crabapple
Prunus cerasifera ‘Thundercloud’ plum 20’ 20’
Coniferous trees (less than 25 feet tall at maturity)

suitable for planting beneath power lines.
Scientific name Common name Height Width
Slender Hioki
Chamaecyparis obtusa 20’ 10’
Falsecypress
Sekkan Sugi Japanese
Cryptomeria japonica 25’ 10’
cedar
‘Blue Ice’ Arizona
Cupressus glabra 10’ 4’
cypress
Juniperus scopulorum Moonglow juniper 15’ 10’
Juniperus scopulorum Skyrocket juniper 25’ 3’
Figure 19. The short stature of these ‘Crimson Sentry’ Picea glauca Dwarf Alberta spruce 12’ 6’
Norway maples (Acer platanoides) will prevent them from Pinus aristata Bristlecone pine 20’ 10’
growing up into the overhead power lines.
12
Lower limb height utility lines
• Space trees 10 to 15 feet away from power poles
With its smaller stature, an urban tree may have lower • Maintain a 7- to10-foot distance between trees
limbs closer to the ground. To minimize the danger of and driveways
tree limbs blocking visibility of street signs, driveways, • Keep trees 30 feet from light and power poles
and sidewalks, new trees should be planted at least 35 • Plant trees 35 feet away from intersections
feet from an intersection. As the tree matures, its lower (Fig. 21)
limbs should be removed by pruning to a height of
6½ to 7 feet above the ground. But note, this pruning
will destroy the characteristic shape of certain trees,
including all of the conifers listed in this booklet.
Therefore, plant trees whose natural mature shape will
work with having their lower limbs removed.
Distance from structures

The trees listed in this publication can be planted as
close as 10 to 15 feet from a house, as they don’t have
an extensive width at maturity. They will look their
best, however, when they are planted on a diagonal
line out from the corners of the house (Fig. 20). By
incorporating progressively smaller plants closer to
the main entrance, one can frame the house and focus
attention to the entryway. Figure 21. In this boulevard planting, a columnar
‘Chanticleer’ flowering pear (Pyrus calleryana) has been
planted about 35 feet from the intersection.
The standards listed above are for King County,

Washington. Codes and standards will vary by county,
municipality, or even by homeowners association. Some
local codes will prohibit certain trees to avoid problems
such as dropping fruit or invasive root systems. Be sure
to check with local authorities for planting restrictions
in your area.
For more information:

• National Arbor Day Foundation
http://www.arborday.org/trees/righttreeandplace/
• International Society of Arboriculture, Pacific
Northwest Chapter: Tree Care and Urban
Figure 20. On this 50-foot-wide urban lot, the ‘Kwanzan’ Forestry Web Sites
flowering cherry (Prunus serrulata) has been properly http://www.pnwisa.org/publiclinks.html
planted on the diagonal out from the house where it does • Olympia
not block the view of the front entrance. http://www.ci.olympia.wa.us/cityservices/
urbanforests/
Avoid simply planting two trees of the same species
• Pierce County
next to one another. Also avoid planting a tree in a
http://www.co.pierce.wa.us/xml/services/home/
location where it divides a view into two equal parts or property/pals/pdf/rectreespechndout.pdf
where it obscures the view of the house from the street. • Seattle
http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/treeplanting.htm
Boulevard planting strips http://www.seattle.gov/transportation/smalltrees.htm
• Spokane
As new building codes generally require sidewalks in http://www.spokanecity.org/services/documents/
new subdivisions, small trees are often planted in the smc/?Section=17C.200.050
boulevard planting strip (the space between the street • Tacoma
curb and sidewalk). In general, tree codes include the http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?hid=9760
following: • Vancouver
• Plant trees 3½ feet back from the curb (with a http://www.ci.vancouver.wa.us/parks-recreation/
5-foot-wide planting strip) parks_trails/urban_forestry/tree_permits.htm
• Plant trees 5 feet away from underground
13
Illustrated List of Urban Trees
Less Than 20 feet in Width at Maturity
1) Acer circinatum—Vine maple
A Northwest native which grows vine-like in
shaded locations along streams. In full sun it
performs well as a small tree. Thinning excess
stems also helps keep a more tree-like shape.
Green foliage gives way to intense shades of
golden to red depending upon the amount of
sun (more color in the open). Wildlife enjoys
the seeds produced in the fall.
Prefers moist, humus-rich soils in western

Washington.
Height: 15’
Width: 10’–20’ Zones 4–8
2) Acer grandidentatum—Bigtooth maple

A close relative of the sugar maple, bigtooth maple (also known
as canyon maple) is a slow-growing tree noted for its upright
growth and beautiful yellow to orange-red fall color. Native to the
inter-mountain western regions of the United
States.
Widely adapted to all soil types, drought

tolerant, and pest-free.
Height: 25’
Width: 15’
Zones 4–8
3) Acer griesum—Paperbark maple

This maple relative forms a small garden tree with
an oval to rounded shape, and bearing small green
trifoliate leaves in the summer followed by brown to
red leaves in the fall.
Its principal attribute is the year-round presence of

a peeling copper-to-cinnamon-colored exfoliating
bark.
Height: 25’
Width: 15’–20’
Zones 4–8
15
4) Acer negundo cv. ‘Variegatum’—Variegated boxelder
With its stunning display of green and white foliage, this maple
variant shines in the landscape during the summer. Sterile seed
pod chains add additional interest. An improvement over its
parent, this cultivar grows well without limb breakage or insect
attraction.
May scorch on hot, dry sites;

avoid scorching by selecting a
site with partial sun.
Height: 25’
Width: 20’
Zones 5–8
5) Acer palmatum cv. ‘Bloodgood’—Bloodgood Japanese maple

As the most widely known cultivar of upright Japanese maples,
this cultivar holds its deep reddish purple leaf color all through
the season. Performs best in areas west of the Cascades.
Protect from strong winds

and afternoon sun in central
Washington. Does best on
humus-rich sites.
Height: 20’
Width: 20’
Zones 5–8
6) Acer palmatum dissectum cv. ‘Ever Red’—Ever Red Japanese maple

With its spreading, pendulous limbs bearing deeply dissected
maroon leaves, this Japanese maple forms a stately garden tree
for all-season enjoyment. New spring leaf foliage resembles silver
hairs. Features a very
stately winter tree shape.
The red color will hold

well during the summer
months if given some
shade.
Height: 18’
Width: 18’
Zones 5–8
16
7) Acer palmatum cv. ‘Sango Kaku’—Coral Bark Japanese maple
One of the most widely grown Japanese maples
in areas west of the Cascades. Can be pruned into
different shapes. Spring leaves emerge yellow-
green, but then turn a beautiful orange-red by early
summer. During the winter, the reddish bark seems
to glow, becoming a wonderful salmon color.
Protect from hot, dry winds.
Height: 18’
Width: 14’
Zones 7–8
8) Acer palmatum cv. ‘Ueno Yama’—Ueno Yama Japanese maple

The spectacular orange of this vigorous, upright garden maple
makes a show early in spring, as it is one of the first to leaf out.
With a broad, rounded shape, it bears layered, sweeping limbs.
Summer leaves turn green,
followed by a brilliant yellow
in the fall.
Protect from the sun in

central Washington.
Height: 15’–18’
Width: 10’–12’
Zones 6–8
9) Acer platanoides cv. ‘Crimson Sentry’—Crimson Sentry Norway maple

Regarded as a miniature form of its much larger parent ‘Crimson
King,’ this variant forms a compact, pyramidal tree with a dense
array of dark purple leaves.
Free from pests, this tree

performs very well in boulevard
planting strips or wherever
space is limited.
Height: 25’
Width: 15’
Zones 4–8
17
10) Acer platanoides cv. ‘Columnar’—Columnar Norway maple
When a tall maple is needed for a tight space, this cultivar is often
employed. With its dark green, upright, ascending branches, this
tree quickly grows to a prodigious height, while remaining free
from pests.
Brilliant yellow-orange fall growth.
Height: 35’
Width: 15’
Zones 4–8
11) Acer rubrum cv. ‘Scarsen’—Scarlet Sentinel red maple

With its very fast growth and ability to withstand heavy soils and
wetter sites, this red maple cultivar is widely utilized as a lawn or park
tree.
Red maples are some of the first

deciduous species to color up and
provide an excellent display in
September and October. Fall leaves
turn yellow and orange.
Height: 40’
Width: 20’
Zones 4–8
12) Acer shirasawanum cv. ‘Aureum’—Golden Fullmoon maple

For shady areas consider this species with its beautiful yellow-
green summer foliage and attractive fall foliage display. If grown
on humus-rich ground, and protected from cold winter winds,
Fullmoon maple becomes an elegant alternative to Japanese
maples.
Don’t plant in full sun, as

the leaves will scorch.
Width: 20’
Zones 6–8
18
13) Amelanchier grandiflora cv. ‘Autumn Brilliance’—Autumn Brilliance serviceberry
As a small, spring-flowering tree, this serviceberry
provides a profusion of white flowers, striking red fall
foliage, and blue-colored berries in the fall to attract
birds.
Remove root suckers to retain tree shape.
Height: 20’
Width: 20’
Zones 5–8
14) Betula pendula cv. ‘Pendula’—Young’s weeping birch

As a weeping tree, this species grows as a fountain of cascading
limbs bearing crisp, green leaves which turn yellow in the fall.
This tree can be trained into different shapes if staked or pruned.
Keep the area beneath the tree well

supplied with mulch or compost to
keep the root system cool to avoid
birch borer damage.
Height: 15’
Width: 20’
Zones 2–8
15) Carpinus betulus cv. ‘Frans Fontaine’—Frans Fontaine hornbeam

This hornbeam variant holds its narrow columnar structure as the
tree matures. Often used as a single-specimen boulevard tree. If
planted 3’–6’ apart, trees will grow together and can be trained into a
screen or hedge. Disease-resistant and highly adaptable to all sites.
Summer foliage is a crisp green, while

fall foliage is golden.
Height: 35’
Width: 15’
Zones 5–8
19
16) Carpinus caroliniana—American hornbeam
While this species is considered a native of the East Coast, it will
perform well in the Northwest. It grows slowly in a rounded,
upright shape, bearing smooth branches and thick muscle-like
fluting of larger branches, thus giving rise to its alternative
‘ironwood’ name.
Bright yellow to orange-red fall

foliage.
Height: 25’
Width: 20’
Zones 3–8
17) Cedrus deodara cv. ‘Gold Cone’—Gold Cone deodar cedar

Forming a narrow pyramid of color, ‘Gold Cone’ bears glowing
yellow-green foliage on pendulous branches. A relatively fast
grower, this cultivar will not take up large amounts of lawn space.
Tolerant of a wide range of soil types.
Width: under 20’
Zones 7–8
18) Cercidiphyllum japonicum cv. ‘Morioka Weeping’—Morioka weeping katsura tree

Erect when juvenile, this weeping deciduous tree begins to send
arching branches downward as it matures. Bears bluish-green
heart-shaped leaves. In the fall leaves range in color from yellow
to apricot and take on the scent of cinnamon.
Grows best in rich, moist sites with

well-drained soils. Susceptible to
sunscald in central Washington.
Height: 25’
Width: 20’
Zones 5–8
20
19) Chamaecyparis nootkatensis cv. ‘Pendula’—Weeping Alaska cedar
A native of coastal Alaska and the Pacific Northwest, this graceful
conifer features drooping branchlets which hang from spreading, up-
curving limbs. The foliage is soft and gray-green colored.
Performs best with abundant moisture and protection from drying

winds.
Height: 45’
Width: 20’
Zones 5–8
20) Chamaecyparis nootkatensis cv. ‘Strict Weeping’—Strict Weeping Alaska cedar

A narrow, pendulous cypress, bearing foliage which
hangs vertically against the central trunk. This variant
will serve as a stark accent for the smaller yard.
Appropriate for two-story homes.
Prefers deep, well-drained loamy soil and wet winters.
Height: 20’
Width: 10’
Zones 4–8
21) Chamaecyparis obtusa cv. ‘Crippsii’—Crippsii Hinoki Falsecypress

Long considered to be one of the best gold-colored, slow-growing
Hinoki Falsecypresses, this variety is a narrow, conical conifer
with drooping tips. With its front-like foliage, it remains loose
and airy.
Best suited to areas with mild

winters. Foliage may burn under
intense sun conditions.
Height: 30’
Width: 13’
Zones 4–8
21
22) Chamaecyparis obtusa cv. ‘Gracilis’—Slender Hinoki Falsecypress
With its open-branched, narrow pyramidal form and, later,
gracefully arching branchlets, this widely grown Hinoki
Falsecypress makes an excellent accent plant. The green foliage
consists of spray-like scales, twisted and cupped.
Grows best on moist, acidic

soils.
Height: 25’
Width: 15’
Zones 4–8
23) Chamaecyparis pisifera cv. ‘Boulevard’—Boulevard Falsecypress

Though often sold as a pruned shrub at garden centers, this cypress
will soon grow to become a narrow pyramidal tree, bearing soft awl-
shaped needles with a silvery, blue-green color.
Performs best in the wetter regions of the

Northwest, in acidic soils.
Width: 10’
Zones 4–8
24) Clerodendrum trichotomum—Harlequin glorybower

As a small, rounded garden tree, glorybower is known for its green
hairy leaves, which when crushed give off a peanut butter smell.
During the summer months a profusion of white, fragrant tubular
flowers are formed which later give rise to small (¼”) bright blue
fruit.
Does best on rich

organic sites in full
sun. Training can
help improve the tree
structure which is often
uneven.
Height: 20’
Width: 18’
Zones 7–8
22
25) Cornus florida cv. ‘Rubra’—Pink flowering dogwood
A low-branching, spreading tree filled with pink, 3- to 4-inch
diameter flowers that appear before the leaves emerge in the spring,
this popular garden tree has a very strong following of Northwest
gardeners. Glossy red berries in the fall attract song birds.
Generally free from leaf

disorders if grown on
exposed sites with plenty of
air circulation. For a more
compact form, select a sunny
site for this tree. Grows best
in soils that are acidic, moist,
and well-drained.
Height: 30’
Width: 13’
Zones 4–8
26) Cornus kousa—Oriental dogwood

An excellent small garden tree, especially for areas west of the
Cascades, as this dogwood avoids the leaf disorders that can
plague other species. White floral bracts appear in May (after C.
florida), which give rise in late summer to pink or red ¾” to 1”
fruit, which birds love to feast
upon.
Green leaves predominate

during the summer, with
intense purplish-red to scarlet
foliage in the fall that will
brighten up any landscape.
Height: 20’
Width: 20’
Zones 5–8
27) Cornus mas—Corneliancherry dogwood

Forming a multi-stem, ovoid garden tree, this dogwood cultivar bears
a profusion of bright yellow flowers in late winter and early spring,
followed by a vast number of 1” cherry-red olive-like fruit in mid-
summer. Birds find the fruit very delectable and often strip the tree in
only a few days.
The lower limbs can be trimmed to

improve the shape.
Width: 15’
Zones 4–7
23
28) Cotinus coggygria—Smoketree
Forming an open, spreading, and somewhat irregular, shrubbery
tree, smoketree produces a cloud of airy pink flowers on current-
season growth.
In the fall foliage is variable, turning yellow, orange, amber,

or even red-purple. This tree is considered pest-free and grows
quickly in a range of sites and soil
types.
Height: 20’
Width: 20’
Zones 4–8
29) Crataegus laevigata cv. ‘Crimson Cloud’—Crimson Cloud hawthorn

An improved English hawthorn selected for its nice, rounded
form, large bright red blossoms with white centers, and freedom
from the common leaf spot disorder that plagues the older
cultivars in areas west of the Cascades.
Height: 20’
Width: 20’
Zones 4–8
30) Crataegus lavallei—Lavalle hawthorn

This species bears shiny, deep green leaves on an oval to spreading
canopy. In the spring, showy white flowers develop, which
later give rise to orange to brick-red ½” to ¾” berries in the fall.
Branches will bear some thorns, but not excessively. As it does not
grow all that tall, it is suitable for use beneath power lines.
Grows on a wide array of sites

and is considered pest-free.
Height: 25’
Width: 20’
Zones 4–8
24
31) Crataegus phaenopyrum—Washington hawthorn
A broadly oval to rounded, dense, thorny tree, this hawthorn bears
bright white flower clusters in the spring, green leaves in the summer,
scarlet-red leaves in the fall, and a profusion of red berries. Wildlife
greatly enjoy the cover provided by this fruiting tree, which can be
mass-planted for a hedgerow.
Widely adapted to all sites and soil

types, with no diseases.
Height: 25’
Width: 20’
Zones 4–8
32) Cryptomeria japonica cv. ‘Elegans’—Plume cedar

A most unusual columnar conifer that features soft green, feathery
foliage during the summer which turns a rich reddish brown
in the winter. This tree can become a stately addition to any
gardener seeking winter color to offset deciduous trees.
Does best in well-drained, acidic soils

and full sun. Once established, this
conifer should be pest-free and drought-
tolerant. To ensure a good shape, grow it
on a site sheltered from strong winds.
Height: 30’
Width: 10’
Zones 6–9
33) Cryptomeria japonica cv. ‘Sekkan Sugi’—Golden Japanese Cedar

A slow-growing conifer featuring a narrow columnar shape and
spiraling, bright yellow foliage in the spring, giving rise to greener
shades as the days shorten in the fall.
For best results, site this species where it will

be sheltered from drying winds, spring frost,
and extreme sunlight which can all scorch
the foliage. Pest-free, and adaptable to all soil
types.
Width: 5’
Zones 5–8
25
34) Cunninghamia lanceolata cv. ‘Glauca’—Blue China fir
A native of China, this unique fir is grown for its sharp, bright
whitish-blue new foliage borne on slightly pendulous branches.
Over time this tree will produce globose cones that appear as
ornaments on a Christmas tree.
Best suited to moist, acidic, well-

drained sites protected from cold
drying winter winds. Better for
areas west of the Cascades. No
reported pest problems.
Width: 10’–20’
Zones 7–8
35) Cupressocyparis leylandii—Leyland cypress

A fast-growing (more than 3 feet per year) conifer that is often used
for screening or clipped hedges, it is best left to grow naturally on
its own, forming a column or narrow pyramid. Its height makes it
more suitable next to taller homes. Soft green or gold-tipped foliage
(depending upon the cultivar).
Grows best on moist, fertile, acidic

sites. Considered to be pest-free.
Height: 60’
Width: 15’
Zones 5–8
36) Cupressus glabra cv. ‘Blue Ice’—Blue Ice Arizona cypress

A fast growing, columnar conifer noted for its intense silver-blue
scale-like needles and mahogany-colored bark, this cypress is a
real eye-catcher during the darker months of the year. First found
in New Zealand, this plant is aromatic.
Considered pest-free; widely adaptable to many sites and soils.
Width: 8’–12’
Zones 5–8
26
37) Cupressus glabra cv. ‘Sulphuera’—Sulphuera Arizona cypress
Though relatively uncommon, this cypress should be utilized
where a compact, columnar, dense evergreen is needed. With
its creamy-yellow winter color, and brighter yellow flakey,
crisscrossed summer foliage, this cypress
shares many of the same attributes as its
‘Blue Ice’ cousin.
Very tolerant of hot, dry conditions.
Width: 5’
Zones 5–8
38) Cupressus sempervirens—Italian cypress

This Mediterranean cypress tree is an ideal specimen for tight
planting sites where a larger tree would simply be too wide. It
can also accent tall buildings. This variant has dull, dark green
foliage that is borne on sharply ascending branches, along with 1”
cones. Heavy snow can lead to limb
spreading and damage.
Pest-free and widely adaptable to all

sites.
Height: 60’
Width: 5’–10’
Zones 7–8
39) Fagus sylvatica cv. ‘Dawyck Purple’—Purple columnar beech

A narrow, columnar tree with green summer foliage turning deep-
purple in the fall. This beech variant is considered a slow-growing
tree that can be used as free-standing specimen or grouped for a
hedge.
No reported pest problems. Can

be grown in partial shade.
Height: 40’
Width: 12’
Zones 4–8
27
40) Fagus sylvatica cv. ‘Purple Fountain’—Purple Fountain beech
Forming a true garden statue with its
distinctive narrow upright form and drooping,
cascading branches, this beech cultivar retains
its excellent purple foliage color all season
long. Considered a slow growing beech
cultivar.
Once established, this cultivar is drought

tolerant. Adaptable to a wide array of soil
types. Free from any major pest problems. Best
planted in full sun.
Height: 25’
Width: 12’
Zones 5–8
41) Fraxinus excelsior cv. ‘Aureafolia’—Golden Desert ash

A small, compact, rounded-head European ash variant with yellow
foliage in the spring which turns greener in
the summer, but then returns with a beautiful
yellow-gold glow in the fall. The twigs
themselves are even yellow!
Considered pest-free and widely tolerant of a

wide array of soil types.
Height: 30’
Width: 20’
Zones 5–9
42) Ginkgo biloba cv. ‘Princeton Sentry’—Princeton Sentry ginkgo

Ginkgoes are known for their distinctive two-lobed, fan-shaped,
leathery leaves with diverging (almost parallel) veins. This
ginkgo cultivar forms a stark columnar shape with stiffly upright
branches. With its crisp, clean foliage, lack of fruit, and fantastic
yellow fall foliage, this cultivar is widely utilized throughout the
west for narrow boulevard plantings.
Considered pest free. Widely adapted

to all soil types.
Height: 40’
Width: 15’–20’
Zones 4–9
28
43) Halesia tetraptera—Carolina silverbell
This East Coast native is best known for its profusion of snow-white,
bell-shaped flowers borne on pendulous stalks in late April. During
the summer 2”–4” green leaves form on this oval-headed, often
multi-stemmed tree. In the fall, 1½-inch-long, oblong fruit form,
adding interest. As this species is partially shade tolerant, it is a good
candidate for small yards with tall
vegetation or structures nearby.
Sun to part-shade; has shallow

roots.
Height: 30’
Width: 20’
Zones 4–8
44) Juniperus scopulorum cv. ‘Moonglow’—Moonglow juniper

In very tight spaces, Rocky Mountain junipers work very well as
they form fast-growing, tall spires with very little lateral growth
and a dense, compact branching habit. With its intense silvery-
blue foliage, this variant eventually
forms a broad pyramidal shape
making it suitable as a landscape
accent, or clumped together
for screens, hedges, and group
plantings.
Drought tolerant. Considered pest-

free.
Height: 15’
Width: 8’–10’
Zones 3–8
45) Juniperus scopulorum cv. ‘Skyrocket’—Skyrocket juniper

The narrowest of all junipers, this variant has needle-like, soft,
bluish green growth foliage. Best grouped to form a colorful
bluish-gray screen.
On richer, moister sites, plants will naturally grow

wider than those on shallower, drier sites. Considered
pest-free.
Height: 25’
Width: 3’–5’
Zones 3–8
29
46) Laburnum watereri—Goldenchain tree
Featuring spectacular color from its 10”–20” long, pendulous
clusters of fragrant, bright yellow, pea-shaped flowers, this small
upright garden tree is popular, especially in cooler areas.
Protect from full sun. Pest-free and

adaptable, with the only caution
being that all parts of the plant are
poisonous.
Height: 20’
Width: 20’
Zones 5–8
47) Liquidambar styraciflua cv. ‘Clydesform’—Emerald Sentinel sweetgum

Historically, sweet gum has been found to be a large tree. This cultivar
is not, and it still features the enjoyable yellow-orange fall foliage
of its parent. Growing in a columnar, compact, upright fashion, this
variant produces the commonly recognized
7-lobed, 3”–8” wide leaves, as well as the
1½” spiny fruit capsules.
Prefers sun. Does best in deep, moist,

slightly acid soils.
Height: 30’
Width: 12’–15’
Zones 5–8
48) Liriodendron tulipifera ‘Fastigiatum’—Columnar tulip tree

While tulip trees are widely recognized and valued all across the
United States, this cultivar is best suited to narrow planting sites
as it forms a strictly columnar shape with nearly upright limbs.
Bears distinctive lobed leaves, which go
from green to clear yellow in the fall. In
June, tulip-like flowers may be found,
with their greenish-yellow petals and
orange interiors.
Widely adapted to all soil types. Pest-

free.
Height: 50’
Width: 15’
Zones 4–9
30
49) Magnolia soulangiana cv. ‘Rustica Rubra’—Saucer magnolia
As a true herald of spring, this magnolia cultivar bursts forth with
large, colorful, rose-red 5½” diameter flowers that appear to float
above their bare woody stems. Growing slowly, this cultivar forms
a multi-stem spreading tree, bearing 3”–6” long, dark green leaves.
Fall foliage is a mild yellow color.
Widely adaptable to a multitude of

soils and sites, and considered pest-
free.
Width: 20’
Zones 5–8
50) Malus cv. ‘Sutyzam’—Sugar Tyme crabapple

As one of the best new disease-resistant crabapples available, this
variant features fragrant 1” wide, white blossoms which cover the
widely spreading limbs in April. Summer foliage stays green and
healthy all summer. In the fall, ½” fruit
form and persist if not readily consumed
by larger songbirds. Fall leaf color is
yellow to light red.
An excellent choice for high rainfall

zones.
Height: 18’
Width: 15’
Zones 4–8
51) Nyssa sylvatica—Black tupelo

Native to the East Coast, this tree has an oval form supporting glossy
green foliage during the summer, followed by bright red to scarlet fall
foliage. In addition, small, ½”-long berries form, which turn blue-
black and provide fruit for songbirds.
Tupelo grows best on deep,

organic-rich sites with low soil pH.
This is a pest-free tree that will
serve well in the fall as a wonderful
accent specimen.
Height: 30’
Width: 20’
Zones 3–8
31
52) Oxydendron arboretum—Sourwood
A unique garden tree noted for its large (4”–10”) cream-colored,
fragrant flower clusters, which form on droopy branches
resembling Lily of the Valley flowers. Flower clusters remain for
many weeks, often until the glossy green leaves turn shades of
scarlet and red in the fall. This
slow-growing species, a native
of the southeast, forms a nice
pyramidal to rounded shape.
It is best suited to moist, acidic

sites and may be grown in
partial shade if needed. It has no
reported pest problems.
Height: 20’
Width: 15’
Zones 5–9
53) Picea glauca cv. ‘Conica’—Dwarf Alberta spruce

Probably he best known dwarf conifer with its characteristic
broad-conical shape, this spruce has light green, ½”-long needles
that radiate out in a dense pattern around the stem. When
grouped together this species makes a nice hedge.
If grown on a site where it

is sheltered from hot or cold
winds and strong sunlight,
it should do very well. If
exposed to excessive hot
winds spider mites can be a
problem.
Height: 12’
Width: 6’
Zones 2–8
54) Picea glauca cv. ‘Pendula’—Weeping white spruce

This spruce cultivar makes a bold statement in the garden with its
narrow, conical habit and blue-green foliage on short pendulous
branches that appear to be layered on top of one another. Best
suited to open spaces or set beside 2-story homes.
It is considered deer-resistant and widely

adapted to a host of soil types, though it
does best on moist, rich sites.
Height: 40’
Width: 8’–10’
Zones 2–8
32
55) Picea pungens cv. ‘Baby Blue Eyes’—Baby Blue Eyes Colorado spruce
Blue spruce is a commonly utilized garden conifer planted
throughout the temperate zone for its striking blue growth. This
cultivar is also valued for its smaller stature, which makes it more
suitable for urban yards.
For best color, plant in full sun. This

variant is pest-free and tolerant of
many soil types.
Width: 15’–20’
Zones 2–8
56) Pinus aristata—Bristlecone pine

While normally considered an intermountain forest conifer, this
pine can be utilized as a slow growing, narrow specimen for the
conifer enthusiast. Known for the waxy white exudates on its
needles (five needles per bundle).
This variant is widely adapted to nearly

all soil types and will survive and
prosper on dry, rocky sites where other
ornamental conifers would do poorly.
Width: 8’–10’
Zones 4–8
57) Pinus strobus cv. ‘Fastigiata’—Fastigiata white pine

This eastern white pine cultivar is noted for its fast growth and
narrow, upright, columnar habit. Bearing bluish-green plumes of
needles (in bundles of five), this pine can be planted on its own or
clumped together to form screens or hedges.
Widely adaptable to all soil types, and free

from pests.
Height: 40’
Width: 10’–12’
Zones 3–8
33
58) Populus tremuloides—Quaking aspen
A slender, graceful tree with smooth, greenish-white bark, aspen
trees are planted throughout the Northwest and are prized for
their distinctive green summer leaves that quiver in the slightest
breeze. Fall foliage is a very distinctive golden-yellow hue. A fast
growing tree, but can be short lived.
Ensure that this tree receives good air

circulation.
Height: 40’
Width: 20’
Zones 1–8
59) Prunus cerasifera cv. ‘Thundercloud’—Thundercloud flowering plum

With its ruby red foliage, profusion of white to light pink, fragrant
springtime flowers, and a fast growth rate, this popular garden
selection will brighten up any landscape. In the Northwest this tree
will not produce fruit as it will in other parts of the United States.
To keep the leaf color all

summer long, this tree will
need full sun. To ensure best
results west of the Cascades,
only plant this tree in areas of
good air circulation to avoid
fungal disease problems.
Height: 20’
Width: 20’
Zones 5–8
60) Prunus serrulata cv. ‘Mt. Fuji’—Mt. Fuji flowering cherry

Northwestern gardeners take great delight in May when their non-
fruiting cherries burst into bloom. This variant features pink buds
which give rise to white, semi-double 2” diameter floral bouquets
(three per cluster) held on spreading, horizontal limbs. Summer
foliage consists of 5” long green leaves, which turn a beautiful
yellow in the fall before they drop. No fruit is produced.
To ensure that this species

looks nice all year, plant
it in a sunny, exposed
site with plenty of air
circulation.
Width: 20’
Zones 5–8
34
61) Prunus serrulata cv. ‘Royal Burgundy’—Royal Burgundy flowering cherry
All through areas west of the Cascades flowering cherries are
highly valued for their spring flower show. This variant is a
smaller derivative of the popular ‘Kanzan’ cultivar, growing in
a more upright vase form. Features purple leaves, and magenta
flowers, plus coppery-red, glossy, peeling bark and bronze-purple
fall foliage.
As with all flowering cherries, this

cultivar can suffer leaf disorders
when planted in a windless area.
Height: 20’
Width: 15’
Zones 5–8
62) Prunus cv. ‘Snofozam’—Snow Fountains weeping cherry

This beautiful spring blooming, weeping tree is known for its
profusion of white, lightly scented bloom covering branches that
dip nearly all the way down to the ground. The Northwest nursery
industry sells this cultivar as a high-grafted (6’) tree, thus giving
rise to the distinctive umbrella, or fountain form. Following the
green summer foliage, the leaves turn
a very pleasing yellow to scarlet red in
the fall.
In order to avoid the leaf spot disease

that can affect this tree in areas west
of the Cascades, ensure it is planted on
sites with good air circulation.
Height: 12’ Width: 12’–15’

Zones 5–8
63) Prunus virginiana ‘Canada Red’—Canada Red chokecherry

This uncommon small garden tree is noted for its fragrant, 5-lobed,
white flower clusters which, in the summer, give rise to dark purple-
black, pea-sized berries that ripen in August. While these fruit can be
used in cooking (don’t eat them fresh!), it’s really the local songbirds
who find this tree so desirable.
With an oval-rounded crown,

this tree has light green foliage
in early spring, but by the end
of June nearly all of the foliage
will be dark purple.
Height: 20’
Width: 20’
Zones 2–8
35
64) Pyrus calleryana cv. ‘Chanticleer’—Chanticleer flowering pear
A very popular urban tree that has showy, white flowers (½”
diameter) which appear before and during leaf emergence and an
upright, narrow columnar form. Summer foliage is shiny and dark
green, giving way to spectacular shades of reddish-orange and
purple in fall.
A fast growing, pest-resistant tree.
Height: 40’
Width: 15’
Zones 5–8
65) Salix integra cv. ‘Hakura Nishiki’—Dapple willow

When grafted high onto a tall rootstock, dapple willow forms a
green-and-white variegated garden tree, sending out branches in
all directions that eventually form an elegant drooping shape.
During the winter, stems display a nice coral and red coloration.
Performs best on moist soils

or those heavily enriched with
organic matter.
Height: 15’
Width: 15’
Zones 4–8
66) Sequoiadendron giganteum cv. ‘Pendulum’—Weeping giant redwood

An exceptionally unusual conifer with stiffly pendulous side
branches and a vigorous upright leader. Although it can grow
quite tall, it maintains its narrow, slightly corkscrewed shape
forever. It may lean if the tree was not planted vertically when
first set out.
Free from any pest problems. Does

best on well drained, moist sites.
Width: 4’–6’
Zones 6–8
36
67) Sorbus aucuparia cv. ‘Michred’—Cardinal royal mountain ash
A popular garden tree noted for its white flower clusters in the spring
and compound airy leaflets which don’t need to be raked in the fall.
In September the leaves turn a multitude of colors, including yellow
and orange-red. In addition, it bears orange-red berries which are
quickly discovered and entirely consumed by songbirds.
Best grown in acidic, moist, and well-

drained soils.
Height: 35’
Width: 20’
Zones 2–8
68) Stewartia psuedocamelia—Japanese stewartia

While most trees bloom in the spring, this stewartia sends out
2½” camellia-like flowers with orange centers in mid-summer. In
the fall, leaves can turn yellow, red, and even purple.
During the winter months, an older tree develops a fascinating

series of colors, including grey, orange,
and reddish-brown on its peeling bark.
Best grown on well-drained sites with

acidic, moist, humus-rich soil.
Height: 30’
Width: 20’
Zones 6–9
69) Styrax japonicus—Japanese snowbell

A small deciduous garden tree which produces a vast number
of bell-shaped, 1” white flowers during the months of May and
June. The drooping flower clusters are easily visible as they hang
beneath the upward-posing green foliage. Later in the summer,
greenish brown, olive-shaped fruit form. In the fall, leaves may
turn yellow to red.
Plant in sun to part shade.

Does best in acid soil
enriched with organic
matter.
Height: 20’
Width: 20’
Zones 5–8
37
70) Taxus baccata cv. ‘Fastigiata’—Irish yew
Forming a very narrow columnar sentinel, this garden conifer
makes a wonderful stand-alone accent with its rigid, upright
branches which bear green needles tipped with gold on the new
growth. If needed it can be further sheared to fit a tight space.
Tolerant of both sun and shade, this yew is a pest-free, very hardy
plant. As with any yew, all parts of
the foliage are poisonous.
Height: 20’
Width: 4’–8’
Zones 5–8
71) Thuja occidentalis cv. ‘Emerald Green’—Emerald green arborvitae

A narrow, densely branched pyramidal conifer with rich, emerald
green scale-like foliage (pale green below). While often grown en
masse as a sheared hedge, individual plants left on their own form
stately pyramidal columns. Can be sheared
as desired but avoid topping. Interior foliage
may yellow-brown in the winter.
Prefers full sun and well-drained soils.
Width: 4’–8’
Zones 2–8
72) Thuja plicata cv. ‘Zebrina’—Zebrina cedar

As a smaller version of the native western red cedar (Thuja plicata),
this variant forms a narrow pyramidal shape bearing light green
foliage striped with golden yellow bands. If planted close together,
this cedar could be used for screening hedges. Otherwise consider
this gold-colored conifer for accent. The yellow foliage color
develops best in full sun.
Best grown on acid pH soils that are

naturally moist. Free from major
pest problems.
Height: 40’
Width: 20’
Zones 7–8
38
73) Tilia cordata cv. ‘Corzam’—Corinthian linden
Lindens have long been prized for their use as majestic, very
adaptable shade trees. This cultivar is uniquely suited for the
smaller lot with its narrowly pyramidal shape. Its crisp, green
summer foliage changes to a beautiful yellow hue in the fall.
Spring flowers attract native pollinators.
With its tolerance for polluted air,

heavy soils, and lack of summer
rainfall, this newer cultivar is very
popular.
Height: 45’
Width: 15’
Zones 3–9
74) Tsuga mertensiana—Mountain hemlock

A true Northwest native, normally found in the coastal mountain
range, this hemlock species is prized for its columnar shape and
its dense needles, which form on nodding branches.
Best suited to areas with cool summer

temperatures. Does best on gravelly but
organic-rich sites.
Width: 6’–10’
Zones 5–8
75) Zelkova serrata cv. ‘Musashino’—Musashino columnar zelkova

A tight, columnar shade tree, introduced from Japan, which is
now gaining popularity for boulevard plantings or tight spaces.
The slender leaves with serrated margins give it a fine-textured
appearance. Medium green summer foliage gives rise to warm yellows
to rusty orange-red fall foliage. The small leaf size minimizes the need
for raking and leaf cleanup in the fall.
Widely adapted and pest-free.
Height: 45’
Width: 15’
Zones 5–9
39
References
Alexander, Rosemary. 2004. The Essential Garden Design Great Plant Picks (database). Elizabeth Carey Miller
Workbook. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. Botanical Garden, Seattle, Washington. 2008.
http://www.greatplantpicks.org
Appleton, Bonnie, et al. 2000. Trees for Problem
Landscape Sites—Trees for Hot Sites. Publication 430- Ingram, Dewayne. Basic Principles of Landscape Design.
024, Virginia Cooperative Extension. http://www. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mg086
ext.vt.edu/pubs/nursery/430-024/430-024.pdf
J. Frank Schmidt and Son Co. 2006. Reference Guide.
Appleton, Bonnie, et. al. 2000. Trees for Problem Boring, Oregon.
Landscape Sites—Screening. Publication 430-025,
Virginia Cooperative Extension. http://www. Karps, Jennifer, et al. 2007. Portland’s Urban Forest
waynesboronurseries.com/lists/screening.html Canopy, Assessment and Public Tree Evaluation.
Portland, Oregon: Portland Parks and Recreation.
Beck, Alison, and Marianne Binetti. 2001. Tree and http://www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.
Shrub Gardening for Washington and Oregon. Renton, cfm?id=194861
Washington: Lone Pine Publishing.
McPherson, E. Gregory, et. al. 2002. Western
Bloom, Adrian. 2002. Gardening with Conifers. Buffalo, Washington and Oregon Community Tree Guide:
New York: Firefly Books. Benefits, Costs, and Strategic Planting. Silverton,
Oregon: International Society of Arboriculture,
Breen, Patrick. 2006. Landscape Plants—Images, PNW Chapter. Center for Urban Forest Research,
Identification, and Information. Corvallis, Oregon: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research
Oregon State University. http://oregonstate.edu/ Station. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/programs/cufr/
dept/ldplants/ products/5/CUFR_164_Western_WA_OR_Tree_
Guide.pdf.
Clayton, Maggie. 2007. Create an Impression—
Landscaping Front Yards for Curb Appeal. St. Albert, Miller, Randall. 2008. Small Trees for Small Spaces: 100
Alberta, Canada: Hole’s Publishing. Trees for an Urban Environment. Portland, Oregon:
Pacific Power. http://www.pacificpower.net/File/
Clatterbuck, Wayne. Drought tolerant trees. Publication File49930.pdf
SP-520. Knoxville, Tennessee: The University
of Tennessee. http://www.utextension.utk.edu/ Portland General Electric. Street-Smart Trees. http://
publications/spfiles/sp570.pdf www.portlandgeneral.com/safety_and_outage/tree_
maint/street_trees.asp?bhcp=1
Dirr, Michael. 1997. Dirr’s Hardy Trees and Shrubs: an
Illustrated Encyclopedia. Portland, Oregon: Timber Powell, Kim. 1996. Small and Intermediate Trees for
Press. North Carolina. Leaflet 637. Greensboro, North
Carolina: North Carolina Cooperative Extension.
Ellersieck, Karen. 2006. Landscaping Your Front Yard. http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/hil-637.
G6905. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri. html.
http://extension.missouri.edu/explore/agguides/
hort/g06905.htm Prinzing, Debra and M. Robson. 2004. Washington and
Oregon Gardener’s Guide: Proven Plants for Inspired
Fare, Donna and W. Clatterbuck. 1999. Small Flowering Gardens. Nashville, Tennessee: Cool Springs Press.
Trees for Tennessee Landscapes. Publication SP-513.
Knoxville, Tennessee: The University of Tennessee. Ranney, Thomas G., et.al. 1998. Qualifiers for
http://www.utextension.utk.edu/publications/ Quagmires: Landscape Plants for Wet Sites.
SPfiles/SP513.pdf Horticulture Information Leaflet 8648. Greensboro,
North Carolina: North Carolina Cooperative
Fare, Donna and W. Clatterbuck. 1998. Small Trees Extension. http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/
for Fall Splendor. Publication SP-514. Knoxville, hil-646.html.
Tennessee: The University of Tennessee. http://
www.utextension.utk.edu/publications/SPfiles/
SP514.pdf
40
Rhodes, Thad. 2007. Trees and Shrubs that Attract Toomer, Simon. 2005. Trees for the Small Garden.
Songbirds and Wildlife. Publication L-845. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
Manhattan, Kansas: Kansas State University. http://
www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/forst2/L845.pdf. Vertrees, J.D. and P. Gregory. 2001. Japanese Maples. 3rd
ed. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
Seattle Department of Transportation. Street Tree
Planting Procedures. Seattle, Washington. http://
www.seattle.gov/transportation/treeplanting.htm
Simpson, Tom and W. Clatterbuck. 2003. Trees to Plant

under Power Lines. Publication SP-611. Knoxville,
Tennessee: The University of Tennessee. http://
www.utextension.utk.edu/publications/spfiles/
SP611.pdf
Starbuck, Christopher J. 2006. Tree Placement on Home

Grounds. G6900. Columbia, Missouri: University
of Missouri. http://extension.missouri.edu/explore/
agguides/hort/g06900.htm
Sydnor, T. Davis. 1994. Selecting and Planting Trees.

Extension Bulletin 845. Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio
State University. http://ohioline.osu.edu/b845/
index.html
Acknowledgements
The following individuals reviewed this document and helped add significant comments towards its
usefulness across the Pacific Northwest.
Marianne Filbert is a sales associate at Pollock and Sons Nursery in Battle Ground, Washington.
Toni Fitzgerald is the Master Gardener Program Leader for Washington State University in Spokane County.
Don Hanley is an Extension Forester for Washington State University.
Jennifer Karps is the Botany Specialist with the city of Portland Urban Forestry Division in Portland,
Oregon.
Marianne Ophardt is a Horticulture Extension Educator for Washington State University in Benton County.
Herb Orange is a Professor of Horticulture at Clark Community College in Vancouver, Washington.
Elizabeth Petersen writes for the Oregon Association of Nurseries in Wilsonville, Oregon.
Charles Ray is the Urban Forester for the city of Vancouver, Washington.
Nick Redmond is an Urban Forestry Specialist with the city of Vancouver, Washington.
Peggy Rollens is a WSU-trained Master Gardener in Clark County, Washington.
Toby Schamberger is a salesman for J. Frank Schmidt Nursery in Boring, Oregon.
Brighton West is the Program Director for Friends of Trees in Portland, Oregon.
Kathleen Wolf is a Professor in the College of Forest Resources at the University of Washington in Seattle,
Washington.
41
Index
Abies, 4 Mt. Fuji, See Prunus serrulata, 34
concolor, 4, 5 Royal Burgundy, See Prunus serrulata, 35
grandis, 4 Snow Fountains, See Prunus ‘Snofozam’ 35
procera, 4 Chokecherry, See Prunus virginiana, 35
nordmanniana, 4 Clerodendrum trichotomum, 22
Acer, 4 coniferous trees, 3
circinatum, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15 Corneliancherry dogwood, See Cornus mas, 23
freemanii, 2 Cornus, 7
glabrum, 6 florida, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 23
grandidentatum, 6, 12, 15 kousa, 5, 7, 23
griesum, 12, 15 mas, 23
japonicum, 10 Cotinus coggygria, 24
negundo, 12, 16 Crabapple, 5, 10, 12
palmatum, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 17 Sugar Tyme, See Malus ‘Sutyzam’, 31
platanoides, 8, 9, 12, 17, 18 Crataegus, 5, 7, 10
rubrum, 8, 18 laevigata, 12, 24
shirasawanum, 8, 18 lavallei, 24
Alaska cedar, 8 phaenopyrum, 12, 25
Strict Weeping Alaska, See Chamaecyparis nootkatensis cv. Cryptomeria japonica
‘Strict Weeping’, 21 Elegans, 12, 25
Weeping Alaska, See Chamaecyparis nootkatensis cv. ‘Pendula’, 21 Sekkan Sugi, 12, 25
Amelanchier grandiflora, 7, 8, 12, 19 Cunninghamia lanceolata, 26
Arborvitae, 5, 8, See Thuja occidentalis, 38 Cupressocyparis leylandii, 26
Ash Cupressus
Golden Desert, 6, See Fraxinus excelsior, 28 glabra
Cardinal royal mountain, See Sorbus aucuparia, 37 Blue Ice Arizona cypress, 26
Mountain, See Sorbus scopulina, 6, 7 Sulphuera Arizona cypress, 27
Aspen, 7, See Populus tremuloides, 34 sempervirens, 27
Beech Cypress
purple columnar, See Fagus sylvatica cv. ‘Dawyck Purple’, 27 Blue Ice Arizona, See Cupressus glabra, 26
purple fountain, 5, 9, See Fagus sylvatica cv. ‘Purple Fountain’, 28 Boulevard, false, See Chamaecyparis pisifera, 22
Betula pendula, 10, 12, 19 Hinoki, false, See Chamaecyparis obtusa, 21, 22
Birch, 10, 12 Italian, See Cupressus sempervirens, 27
Young’s weeping, See Betula pendula, 19 Leyland, See Cupressocyparis leylandii, 26
Black tupelo, also black gum, See Nyssa sylvatica, 6, 31 strict weeping Alaska, See Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, 21
Blue cloak white fir, See Abies concolor, 5 Sulphuera Arizona, See Cupressus glabra, 27
Boulevard falsecypress, See Chamaecyparis pisifera, 22 deciduous trees, 3
boulevard planting strips, 13 design principles, 3
Boxelder, variegated, See Acer negundo, 16 diseases, See foliar diseases, 10
Bristlecone pine, See Pinus aristata, 33 Dogwood, 5, See Cornus, 23
Carolina silver bell, See Halesia tetraptera, 29 Corneliancherry, See Cornus mas, 23
Carpinus, 5 Oriental, 6, See Cornus kousa, 23
betulus, 19 pink flowering, See Cornus florida, 23
caroliniana, 6, 20 Fagus sylvatica, 5, 9
Cedar, 4 ‘Dawyck Purple’ beech, 27
Alaska, See Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, 21 ‘Purple Fountain’ beech, 28
Deodar, See Cedrus deodara, 20 Fall foliage, 6
Japanese, See Cryptomeria japonica, 25 Falsecypress
Plume, See Cryptomeria japonica cv. ‘Elegans’, 25 Boulevard, See Chamaecyparis pisifera, 22
Strict Weeping Alaska, See Chamaecyparis nootkatensis cv. Crippsii Hinoki, See Chamaecyparis obtusa, 21
‘Strict Weeping’, 21 Slender Hinoki, See Chamaecyparis pisifera, 22
Weeping Alaska, See Chamaecyparis nootkatensis cv. ‘Pendula’, 21 Fir, 4
Zebrina, See Thuja plicata, 38 Blue China, See Cunninghamia lanceolata, 26
Cedrus deodara, 20 Blue Cloak, 4, See Abies concolor, 5
Cercidiphyllum japonicum, 14, 12, 20 Douglas, See Pseudotsuga menziesii, 4
Chamaecyparis flowering, See spring bloom, 5
obtusa Flowering cherry, 5, 13
Crippsii, 21 Kwanzan, 13
Gracilis, 22 Mt. Fuji, See Prunus serrulata, 34
pisifera, 22 Royal Burgundy, See Prunus serrulata, 35
nootkatensis Snow Fountains, See Prunus ‘Snofozam’, 35
Pendula, strict weeping Alaska cedar, 3, 8, 21 Flowering crabapple, See Malus, 31
weeping Alaska cedar, 7, 8, 21 Flowering pear, 8, 10, 13, See Pyrus calleryana, 36
Chanticleer flowering pear, See Pyrus calleryana, 36 Flowering plum, 10, 12, See Prunus cerasifera, 34
Cherry foliar diseases, 14
Kwanzan, 13 Fraxinus excelsior, 6, 12, 28
42
Ginkgo biloba, 5, 6, 28 Norway maple, 4, 12, See Acer platanoides cv. ‘Crimson Sentry’, 17
Glorybower, Harlequin, See Clerodendrum trichotomum, 22 Oxydendron arboretum, 8, 32
Goldenchain tree, See Laburnum watereri, 30 Pear, 7, 8, 10
growing conditions Chanticleer flowering, See Pyrus calleryana cv. ‘Chanticleer’, 13, 36
dry sites, 8 pH, soil, 11
hot sites, 9 Picea
shady sites, 8 glauca, 8, 12, 32
soil pH, 11 pungens, 33
wet sites, 8 Pine, 4
Halesia tetraptera, 29 Bristlecone pine, 12, See Pinus aristata, 33
Harlequin glorybower, See Clerodendrum trichotomum, 22 Fastigiata white pine, See Pinus strobus, 33
Hawthorn, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12 Lodgepole , See Pinus contorta var. latifolia, 4
Crimson cloud, See Crataegus laevigata, 24 Ponderosa, See Pinus ponderosa, 4
Lavalle, See Crataegus lavallei, 24 Pinus
Washington, See Crataegus phaenopyrum, 25 aristata, 12, 33
Hemlock, 4, 6, 7, 8, See Tsuga mertensiana, 39 contorta var. latifolia, 4
Hinoki Falsecypress ponderosa, 4
Crippsii, See Chamaecyparis obtusa, 23 strobus, 33
Slender, See Chamaecyparis obtusa, 24 Plum, 10, 12
Hornbeam, 5, 6 flowering, See Prunus cerasifera cv. ‘Thundercloud’, 34
American hornbeam, See Carpinus caroliniana, 20 Plume Cedar, See Cryptomeria japonica cv. ‘Elegans’, 25
Frans Fontaine hornbeam, See Carpinus betulus, 19 Populus tremuloides, 7, 34
insect problems, 14 Prunus, 10
Japanese maple, 1, 8, 10 cerasifera, 12, 34
Bloodgood, 1, 12, See Acer palmatum, 16 serrulata, 5, 13, 34, 35
Ever red, 4, See Acer palmatum dissectum, 16 cv. ‘snofozam’, 35
Coral Bark, 6, 12, See Acer palmatum cv. ‘Sango Kaku’, 17 virginiana, 7, 35
Ueno Yama, See Acer palmatum cv. ‘Ueno Yama’, 17 Pseudotsuga menziesii, 4
Sango Kaku, 6, See Acer palmatum cv. ‘Sango Kaku’, 17 Pyrus calleryana, 7, 8, 13
Japanese stewartia, See Stewartia, 37 cv. ‘Chanticleer’, 36
Japanese snowbell, See Styrax, 37 Redwood, See Sequoiadendron, 36
Juniper, 12 Salix integra, 36
Moonglow, See Juniperus scopulorum, 29 Sequoiadendron giganteum, 36
Rocky Mountain, See Juniperus scopulorum, 4 Serviceberry, 7, 8, 12, See Amelanchier grandiflora, 19
Skyrocket, See Juniperus scopulorum, 29 size considerations, 12
Juniperus scopulorum, 4, 29 small trees, 1
Katsura, 10, 12 Smoketree, See Cotinus coggygria, 24
Morioka weeping, See Cercidiphyllum japonicum, 20 Snowbell, Japanese, See Styrax japonicus, 37
Laburnum watereri, 30 soil pH, 11
Linden, 1, See Tilia cordata, 39 songbirds, 7
Liriodendron tulipifera, 5, 11, 30 Sorbus
Liquidambar styraciflua, 8, 30 aucuparia, 7, 37
Magnolia soulangiana, 11, 31 scopulina, 6, 7
Malus, 5, 7, 10, 12 Sourwood, 6, 8, See Oxydendrum arboretum, 32
‘Sutyzam’ Sugar Tyme, 10, 31 spring bloom, 5
Prairiefire, 10 Spruce
Royal Raindrops, 10 Baby Blue Eyes Colorado, See Picea pungens, cv. ‘Baby Blue Eyes’, 33
Maple dwarf Alberta, See Picea glauca, cv. ‘Conica’, 32
Autumn Blaze, (Acer Freemanii, cv. ‘Jeffersred’), 2 white, weeping, 8, See Picea glauca, cv. ‘Pendula’, 32
Bigtooth, 6, 12, See Acer grandidentatum, 15 Stewartia psuedocamelia, 37
Canyon, See also Bigtooth maple Styrax japonicus, 37
Columnar Norway maple, 8, 9, See Acer Platanoides cv. Sweetgum, 8
‘Columnar’, 18 Emerald Sentinel, See Liquidambar styraciflua, 30
Crimson Sentry Norway maple, 4, 12, See Acer platanoides cv. Taxus baccata, 8
‘Crimson Sentry’, 17 Irish, 38
Fullmoon maple (Acer japonicum), 10 Standishii, 4, 5
Golden fullmoon, 8, See Acer shirasawanum cv. ‘Aureum’, 18 Thuja
hybrid, See also Autumn Blaze, Jeffersred occidentalis, 4, 5, 38
Japanese, See also Japanese Maple; See Acer palmatum, 16, 17 plicata, 4, 8, 38
Jeffersred, (Acer freemanii, cv. ‘Jeffersred’) 2 Tilia cordata, 39
Norway, 4, 12, See Acer platanoides cv. ‘Crimson Sentry’, 17 Tsuga
Paperbark, 12, See Acer griesum, 15 heterophylla, 4
Red (Acer rubrum), 8 mertensiana, 4, 7, 8, 39
Rocky Mountain, 6 Tulip tree, 5, 11, See Liriodendron, 30
Scarlet Sentinel, See Acer rubrum cv. ‘Scarsen’, 18 Tupelo, black, 6, See Nyssa sylvatica, 31
variants, See variegated boxelder, 16 Western red cedar, See Tsuga heterophylla, 4
Vine, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, See Acer circinatum, 15 White pine, Fastigiata, See Pinus strobus, 33
Morioka weeping Katsura, See Cercidiphyllum japonicum, 20 Willow, See Salix, 36
Mountain ash, See Sorbus scopulina, 6, 7 winter hardiness, 10
Mountain hemlock, 4, 7, 8, See Tsuga mertensiana, 39 Yew, 4, 5, 8, See Taxus, 38
Nyssa sylvatica, 6, 31 Young’s weeping birch, See Betula pendula, 19
native trees, 6 Zelkova serrata, 10, 39
43
WSU Extension bulletins contain material written and produced for public distribution. Alternate formats of our educational
materials are available upon request for persons with disabilities. Please contact Washington State University Extension
Communications and Educational Support for more information.
You may order copies of this and other publications from WSU Extension Publishing and Printing at 1-800-723-1763 or
http://pubs.wsu.edu.
Issued by Washington State University Extension and the U.S. Department of Agriculture in furtherance of the Acts of May 8 and
June 30, 1914. Extension programs and policies are consistent with federal and state laws and regulations on nondiscrimination
regarding race, sex, religion, age, color, creed, and national or ethnic origin; physical, mental, or sensory disability; marital status
or sexual orientation; and status as a Vietnam-era or disabled veteran. Evidence of noncompliance may be reported through
your local WSU Extension office. Trade names have been used to simplify information; no endorsement is intended. Published
October 2008. Subject codes 253, 255.
EB2036

Mini Trees Home Design

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mini Trees Home Design

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mini Trees Home Design

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Small Trees for the Home Landscape

EB2036 • CHARLES A. BRUN

The average size urban lot in planned communities in

Figure 2. This single-story home has been built on a

Scale and proportion

Figure 4. The smaller height of this Japanese maple (Acer

(Pseudotsuga menziesii), western red cedar (Thuja plicata),

(Washington hawthorn), Fagus (‘Purple Fountain’

In terms of consistently good red fall color, sourwood

Figure 11. The pink bloom of flowering dogwood (Cornus

Figure 14. The large fruit (known as ‘drupes’) of the

Figure 13. The bright, crisp foliage of emerging vine

However, note that in central Washington, fruit bearing

A good small tree for full shade is Golden Fullmoon

Figure 16. Columnar Norway maple (Acer platanoides

by the end of June and conditions remain dry until

Hawthorns (Crataegus spp.) and crabapples (Malus

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

In Washington and Oregon, climates span five

Power lines parking strip. By selecting a narrow stature tree, a

Coniferous trees (less than 25 feet tall at maturity)

Distance from structures

The standards listed above are for King County,

For more information:

Prefers moist, humus-rich soils in western

2) Acer grandidentatum—Bigtooth maple

Widely adapted to all soil types, drought

3) Acer griesum—Paperbark maple

Its principal attribute is the year-round presence of

May scorch on hot, dry sites;

5) Acer palmatum cv. ‘Bloodgood’—Bloodgood Japanese maple

Protect from strong winds

6) Acer palmatum dissectum cv. ‘Ever Red’—Ever Red Japanese maple

The red color will hold

Protect from hot, dry winds.

8) Acer palmatum cv. ‘Ueno Yama’—Ueno Yama Japanese maple

Protect from the sun in

9) Acer platanoides cv. ‘Crimson Sentry’—Crimson Sentry Norway maple

Free from pests, this tree

Brilliant yellow-orange fall growth.

11) Acer rubrum cv. ‘Scarsen’—Scarlet Sentinel red maple

Red maples are some of the first

12) Acer shirasawanum cv. ‘Aureum’—Golden Fullmoon maple

Don’t plant in full sun, as

Remove root suckers to retain tree shape.

14) Betula pendula cv. ‘Pendula’—Young’s weeping birch

Keep the area beneath the tree well

15) Carpinus betulus cv. ‘Frans Fontaine’—Frans Fontaine hornbeam

Summer foliage is a crisp green, while

Bright yellow to orange-red fall

17) Cedrus deodara cv. ‘Gold Cone’—Gold Cone deodar cedar

Tolerant of a wide range of soil types.

18) Cercidiphyllum japonicum cv. ‘Morioka Weeping’—Morioka weeping katsura tree

Grows best in rich, moist sites with

Performs best with abundant moisture and protection from drying

20) Chamaecyparis nootkatensis cv. ‘Strict Weeping’—Strict Weeping Alaska cedar

Prefers deep, well-drained loamy soil and wet winters.

21) Chamaecyparis obtusa cv. ‘Crippsii’—Crippsii Hinoki Falsecypress

Best suited to areas with mild