Statistics and Probability

Joyce E.
Sañano
BEED 2-1
Your Task!
1. Construct a double bar graph using the data below.

Number of Students in the Intermediate Grades of Malinis Central School
Section A Section B
Grade 4 45 50 2.
Grade 5 45 45
Grade 6 35 42
Another way to present data is by using line

graph or pie graph. Your task is to determine what is line graph and pie graph. Identify also its
different parts. Then give an example.
- A line graph provides a means in which to compare two different types of information through
showing how they are similar and how they are differing. This is performed through the use two
lines each representing the two aforementioned pieces of information which are then charted
along a numerical scale.
Parts of a line graph
The line graph consists of a horizontal x-axis and a vertical y-axis.
Most line graphs only deal with positive number values, so these axes typically intersect near
the bottom of the y-axis and the left end of the x-axis.
The point at which the axes intersect is always (0,0).
Each axis is labeled with a data type.
1. Title - the title of the graph tells us what the graph is all about, i.e what information is depicted
by the graph.
2. Labels - the horizontal axis across the bottom and the vertical label along the side tell us
what kinds of data are being shown.
3. Scales - the horizontal scale across the bottom and the vertical scale along the side tell us
how much or how many.
4. Points - the points or dots on the graph represent the (x,y) coordinates or ordered pairs.
5. Lines straight lines connecting the points give estimated values between the points.
Example of data structure:
A pie graph serves the same purpose of a line graph and a bar graph in the sense it is
designed to show differences between two separate subjects although it eschews the common
linear style found in the two other graphs. A pie chart is a very common type of graph that is in
the shape of a circle with the circle representing a collective of 100%. Then, within the circle
smaller percentage portions within the 100% will be presented in different colors. Sometimes
the shapes look like slices taken out of a pie and this is where it gets the nickname of a pie
chart.
1. The Title - the title offers a short explanation of what is in your graph. This helps the reader
identify what they are about to look at. It can be creative or simple as long as it tells what is in
the chart. The title of this chart tells the reader that the graph contains information about how
money is spent for public education for the average student.
2. The Legend - the legend tells what each slice represents. Just like on a map, the legend
helps the reader understand what they are looking at. This legend tells us that the green slice
represents money spent on instruction, the blue slice represents money spent on support
services, and the orange slice represents money spent on non-instruction activities.
3. The Source - the source explains where you found the information that is in your graph. It is
important to give credit to those who collected your data! In this graph, the source tells us that
we found our information from the NCES Common Core of Data.
4. The Data - the most important part of your chart is the information, or data, it contains. Pie
charts represent data as part of 100 (a percentage). Each slice represents a different piece of
data.
Example of data structure
Reference:
Bar Graphs, Pie Charts, and Line Graphs: How are they similar and how are they
different?
https://www.mathworksheetscenter.com/mathtips/barlinepiegraph.html
Line Graphs
https://www.cuemath.com/data/line-graphs/
Perfecting pie charts
https://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/help/user_guide/graph/pie.asp
Your Task!
Answer the following
1. Peter has 3 children. What is the probability that at least two of them are boys?
Solution: Probability (event)= no. of favorable outcomes
total no. of possible outcomes
2/3= 0.6666 or 66.6%

Final answer: 66.6%
2. A jar contains 8 marbles numbered 1 to 8. What is the probability of selecting a number
greater than 6?
Solution: Probability (event)= no. of times event occurs
total no. of trials
2/8 ÷ 2/2 = ¼
¼= 0.25 0r 25%
Final answer: 0.25 or 25%
3. A player hits the bull’s eye on a circular dart board for 12 times out of 50 trials. What is
the experimental probability of not hitting the bull’s eye?
Solution: 12 bull’s eye – 50 trials= 38 missed

38/50= 0.76 or 76%
4. If we draw a ball from a box containing 26 white balls and 18 black balls, what is the
chance of selecting a white ball?
26 white balls + 18 black balls= 44 white and black balls

Divide 26 and 44 by 2.
26/44 ÷ 2 =13/22
13/22= 0.59 or 59%
5. Angel chooses a whole number from 1 to 20 at random. What is the probability that the
number he chooses is a prime number?
Solution: Probability (event)= no. of favorable outcomes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
total no. of possible outcomes
In the numbers 1 to 20, there are 8 prime numbers.
Divide 8/20 by 4
8/20 ÷ 4/4 = 2/5
2/5= 0.4 or 40%

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Joyce E.

1. Construct a double bar graph using the data below.

Another way to present data is by using line

total no. of possible outcomes

2/3= 0.6666 or 66.6%

total no. of trials

Solution: 12 bull’s eye – 50 trials= 38 missed

26 white balls + 18 black balls= 44 white and black balls

Solution: Probability (event)= no. of favorable outcomes

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