Medical Biology: T I L Ea A K - 1 G A M A Ta

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH OF UKRAINE
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE

SUMY STATE UNIVERSITY
MEDICAL INSTITUTE
T I L E a a
K -1 G a M a Ta
MEDICAL BIOLOGY
for medical students
Sumy
2017
Test Items for Licensing Examination: “Krok-1 General Medi-
cal Training: Medical Biology” (For Medical Students) / Compiler
O. Yu. Smirnov. – Sumy: Electronic Edition, 2017. – 352 pp.
Physiology and Pathophysiology Department

Medical Institute of the Sumy State University
http://physiology.med.sumdu.edu.ua/
This book includes 1561 test items in cytogenetics, classical genetics, mo-
lecular genetics, medical genetics, population genetics, general biology, protozool-
ogy, helminthology, and entomology. These questions are in a database of medical
license examination "Krok-1", some questions are developed by compiler; also all
questions, which were used during license examinations from 2001 till 2016, are in-
cluded.
The book has been developed for students and teachers of medical, pediat-
ric, medical-and-prophylactic, and stomatological faculties.
Comments and notes are given to some test problems. Special attention is
given to errors in tests.
© Compiling, translation, revision, and comments. O. Yu. Smirnov, 2017

o.yu.smirnov@ukr.net
Krok-1 Tests – Medical Biology 3 Smirnov O.Yu.
CONTENTS
Introduction 4
Cytology and Cytogenetics 5
Classical Genetics 49
Molecular Genetics 81
Medical Genetics 128
Population Genetics and Evolution 205
General Biology 211
Protozoans 246
Helminths 280
Arthropods 330
Mixed Questions on Parasitology 347
INTRODUCTION
E am test Krok-1 contains 200 q estion on medical biolog , h man
anatomy, cytology&histology, microbiology, human physiology, patho-
physiology, pathologic anatomy, pharmacology, and biochemistry; approx-
imately 16 18 of them are questions on medical biology. Students have 200
minutes for answering.
All tests on medical biology were received from the Testing center of
Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine (http://testcentr.org.ua/), selected
from the book named Collection of tasks for preparing for test examination
in natural science “Krok-1 General Medical Training (V. F. Moskalenko,
O. P. Volosovets, I. E. Bulakh, O. P. Yavorovskiy, O. V. Romanenko, and
L. I. Ostapyuk, eds. K.: Medicine, 2006) and from exam booklets (2001
2015), and then were reviewed and reorganized.
Five answers from which only one answer is correct are given to each
test. Correct answer is marked by plus. Working with tests, close marks
near answers by a piece of paper. Choose the answer (or finished state-
ments) that fits best and then check your answer.
Many mistakes in these tests were corrected (for example, we use the
term DNA repair in this book instead of reparation , Edwards' syn-
drome instead of Edward's syndrome etc.). Comments and notes are gi en
to some test problems. Special attention is given to errors in tests.
In 2011, students studying stomatology received incorrect test question:
Premolar teeth absence is inherited as an autosomal dominant factor. Par-
ents with normal dental system gave birth to a child with lacking premolar
teeth. What is the probability of giving birth to children without this pa-
thology (%) in this family? Answer 75% was proposed as correct. However,
normal parents must have aa genotype, and it is NOT possible for them to
give birth to a child with dominant trait with such probability. Child with
dominant trait can appear as a result of gametic mutation or in the case of
incomplete penetrance (when one of parents can have Aa genotype but re-
cessive trait).
Oleg Smirnov
CYTOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS

1. Cells of red marrow were taken for laboratory researches. They
belong to cellular complexes which are updated. Define a set of
chromosomes and quantity of DNA (number of chromatids) which
are characteristic for G1 period in these cells:
2n, 4c
2n, 1c
+ 2n, 2c
1n, 1c
1n, 2c
2. One can see under a microscope that the nucleus envelope in a
cell is destroyed, short chromosomes in the form of a letter X are
evenly placed on all the cell. At what stage of division the cell is?
Prophase
Anaphase
Interphase
+ Metaphase
Telophase
3. By means of the micromanipulator Golgi complex is removed
from a cell. How it will affect further cell activity?
Process of mitosis will be broken
+ Formation of lysosomes, their maturing and exocytosis of cellular secretory
products will be broken
Formation of ribosomes and synthesis of proteins will be broken
Autolysis will develop that can lead to the cell death
Processes of energy metabolism will be broken
4. The scraping of mucous of a mouth of the man was made by
means of the spatula. The oval nuclei unequal in the size are well
visible in non-destroyed epithelial cells of the painted smear. In
what way division of these cells occurred?
Mitosis
Meiosis
Binary division
Schizogony
+ Amitosis
5. The chromosomal analysis of the woman of 33 years showed
that the part of a short arm of the 16th chromosome joined the
22nd chromosome. How this phenomenon is called?
Transduction
+ Translocation
Inversion
Deletion
Deficiency
6. The single fragment, which came off a long arm of the chro-
mosome of group C, was revealed in a metaphase plate from cul-
ture of lymphocytes of the patient with flu. During what period of
mitotic cycle this mutation occurred?
G1 period
G2 period
Telophase
Anaphase
+ S period
7. The additional chromosome from group E was revealed in a
metaphase plate from the culture of lymphocytes of the child vac-
cinated against smallpox. Analyse this fact and choose to what
type this mutation belongs:
translocation
inversion
deletion
polyploidy
+ heteroploidy
8. Tissue of testes was taken for laboratory investigations. Ac-
cording to one of classifications, cells of this tissue belong to the
renewed cellular complexes. Analyse probable states of cells in
this tissue:
cells divide only mitotically
cells divide by meiosis only
cells increase in sizes only
+ cells divide at first mitotically, and then meiotically
cells divide at first meiotically, and then mitotically
9. The strong linkage between two X chromosomes was formed in
oocytes under the influence of a mutagen. Formation of what set
of chromosomes in an ovum it can lead to?
47 chromosomes
23 or 24 chromosomes
24 or 25 chromosomes
+ 22 or 24 chromosomes
46 chromosomes
10. Microorganisms that belong to prokaryotes, have such struc-
tures:
mitochondria
+ nucleoid
chloroplasts
lysosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
11. During chromosome disjunction at a stage of maturing of
spermatogenesis, the X chromosome did not separate from the Y
chromosome. What can be a karyotype of future individual if the
normal ovum will be fertilized by such spermatozoon?
45, XO
46, XX
46, XY
47, XYY
+ 47, XXY
12. In order to analyse the karyotype, a cell culture was influ-
enced by colchicine, which destroys the spindle of division. At
what stage was the mitosis stopped?
+ Metaphase
Prophase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prometaphase
13. The somatic cell of the man, which is in metaphase of mitotic
division, is visible on the histologic preparation. How many chro-
mosomes are a part of a metaphase plate, if we will consider that
each chromosome contains two sister chromatids?
+ 46 chromosomes
92 chromosomes
48 chromosomes
23 chromosomes
24 chromosomes
14. Thymine with radioactive label was added to a nutrient medi-
um with the cells capable to division by mitosis. About what large
amount of thymine, which is determined in nuclei of cells at auto-
radiographic investigation, can indicate?
About small number of cells that are in interphase
+ About large number of cells that are in the synthetic period of interphase
About high mitotic activity
About small number of cells that are in the pre-synthetic period of inter-
phase
About a large number of cells that are in interphase
15. One of the reasons of rheumatism in man at the cellular level
is self-damage of cartilage cells through destruction of organoid

structure. What is the organoid?
Golgi complex
Cell center
+ Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Ribosome
16. After mitosis, some organelles in daughter cells are formed de
novo, others are formed only by doubling of existing organelles.
Specify what organelles from given below have ability to self-
doubling:
granular endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
lamellar complex
agranular endoplasmic reticulum
+ mitochondria
17. It is necessary for successful fertilization that acrosome reac-
tion occurs due to which the nucleus of spermatozoon enters in-
side the egg. Name the organelle that takes the greatest part in
formation of an acrosome:
ribosome
mitochondrion
+ Golgi complex
cell center
18. Culture of tumor cells was influenced by colchicine that blocks
synthesis of the proteins tubulins forming a division spindle. What
stages of cell cycle will be broken?
+ Mitosis
G0 period
Pre-synthetic period
Post-synthetic period
Synthetic period
19. In a cell, enzymes are located in organelles in such a way that
they provide performance of functions of certain organelles.
Name enzymes that are located in lysosomes:
enzymes of synthesis of fatty acids
+ hydrolases
enzymes of protein synthesis
enzymes of urea synthesis
enzymes of glycogen synthesis
20. Abnormal biopolymers were revealed in cells of an organism

of the 7-year-old child with a congenital disease. About malfunc-
tion of what organelles one can talk?
+ Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes
Ribosomes
Granular endoplasmic reticulum
21. Throughout life (from division to death), the cell is on different
phases of cell cycle – interphase passes into mitosis. What pro-
tein is produced in a cell and regulates the entering of a cell into
mitosis?
Desmin
+ Cyclin
Keratin
Vimentin
Tubulin
22. Cytochemical investigation revealed the high content of hy-
drolytic enzymes in cytoplasm. About activity of what organelles
from listed below this fact indicates?
Cell center
Endoplasmic reticulum
+ Lysosomes
Polysomes
Mitochondria
23. Cortisone, which stimulates protein synthesis, was prescribed
to the patient. What changes will happen in nuclei of cells at
stimulation of protein synthesis?
Perinuclear space will increase
Perinuclear space will decrease
The amount of heterochromatin will increase
+ The amount of euchromatin will increase
The amount of nuclear pores will decrease
24. On diffraction patterns of liver cells of a rat, two-membrane
structures of an oval form are well noticeable; their internal
membrane forms cristae. What are these organelles?
Peroxisomes
+ Mitochondria
Centrosomes
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
25. A specimen of an onion rootlet includes the cell in which the

fully condensed chromosomes are located in the equatorial plane
making the monaster. What phase of the mitotic cycle is the cell
in?1
Interphase
+ Metaphase
Prophase
2
Late telophase
Early telophase
26. According to the rule of the permanent chromosomes number,
each animal species can be characterized by a specific and per-
manent number of chromosomes. What mechanism provides this
feature during sexual reproduction?
Repair
Translation
+ Meiosis
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
27. Organelles with one or two membranes are present among
membrane organelles of a cell. What organelles have two-
membrane structure?
Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus
Cell center, ribosomes
+ Mitochondria, plastids
Golgi apparatus, ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum, plastids
28. Mitotic division of diploid somatic cell began. Mitosis was dis-
turbed, and uninuclear polyploid cell was formed. At what stage
mitosis was interrupted?
Prophase
Telophase
+ Anaphase
Cytokinesis
Metaphase
29. The structure of ribosomes is broken in a cell. What processes
will suffer first of all?
Synthesis of nucleic acids
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: During the analysis of
the mitotic stage in the onion root cells, a cell, in which spiralized chromosomes were placed
in the equatorial zone, was revealed. What mitotic stage is the cell at?
2
Other incorrect answers: anaphase; telophase.
+ Synthesis of protein
Synthesis of carbohydrates
Synthesis of lipids
Synthesis of mineral substances
30. The somatic diploid cell entered mitosis, and then normal pro-
cess of mitosis was interrupted with colchicine. At what stage
process of mitosis was interrupted, and what set of chromosomes
will be present in the nucleus?
Anaphase, 2n
Anaphase, 4n
+ Metaphase, 2n
Metaphase, 4n
Telophase, 2n
31. The cell organelle has its own protein synthesizing system.
Name it:
Golgi apparatus
lysosome
vacuoles
+ mitochondrion
32. Products of metabolism are excreted from a cell through Golgi
complex as a result of connection of its membrane structure with
plasmalemma. What is the process?
Osmosis
Diffusion
Endocytosis
+ Exocytosis
Active transport
33. Nucleoli of nuclei in culture of tissues were damaged by nu-
clear radiation. Restoring of what organelles in cytoplasm of cells
becomes problematic?
+ Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Golgi complex
Microtubules
34. During mitotic cell division, a scientist can see the phase when
the nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear, the centrioles are
placed on the opposite poles of the cell and chromosomes are in
the form of a thread ball freely placed in the cytoplasm. What
stage of mitotic cycle is the cell at?
Metaphase
+ Prophase
Anaphase
Interphase
Telophase
35. Salts of heavy metals introduced into experimental animals
during 24 days. Study of preparations of liver under electronic
microscope revealed destruction of mitochondria in hepatocytes.
With large confidence it is possible to claim that in hepatocytes
such processes are broken:
protein synthesis
+ energy metabolism
lipid metabolism
synthesis of carbohydrates
water absorptions
36. In a cytogenetic laboratory, the karyotype of a healthy man
was studied. 46 chromosomes were seen in each somatic cell.
How many autosomes does each cell include?
23
22
+ 44
46
92
37. It is established that human karyotype is presented by 46
chromosomes, each consisting of two chromatids. At what stage
of mitosis the karyotype is defined?
Telophase
+ Metaphase
Prometaphase
Anaphase
Prophase
38. The cell of the laboratory animal was overdosed with Roent-
gen rays. As a result, albuminous fragments formed in the cyto-
plasm. What cell organoid will take part in their utilization?
+ Lysosomes
Ribosome
Golgi complex
Cells centre
39. 46 chromosomes were revealed on karyotype examination of
the 5-year old girl. One of the 15th pair of chromosomes is longer
than usual due to joining a part of the chromosome of the 21

pair1. What type of mutation does this girl have?
2
Insufficiency
Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
+ Translocation
40. In the histologic preparation stained by iron hematoxylin, the
cell resembling dumbbells is presented; spiral chromosomes are
visible in its poles. In what phase of cell cycle there is a cell?
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
+ Telophase
Interphase
41. Process of synthesis of ATP in human cells was sharply in-
creased during physical activity; this process occurs in:
lysosomes
+ mitochondria
Golgi complex
chromosomes
ribosomes
42. It was revealed that the number of chromosomes in a meta-
phase plate of the man was less than in norm on three chromo-
somes after influence of a mutagen. The specified mutation be-
longs to:
polyploidy
translocation
inversion
polyteny
+ aneuploidy
43. Specific cellular proteins are continuously synthesized in the
growing tissues of human body. This process happens due to
work of:
1
During exam in 2012, this question contained the phrase "One of the 15th pair of chromo-
somes is longer than usual due to connected chromosome from the 21 pair"; such question is
incorrect, because after fusion of two chromosomes total chromosome number must be 45. In
the book Collec ion of asks , this question (question No. 103) has correct phrase "due to
joining a part of chromosome of the 21 pair"; such correct question was present during exam
in 2016 (in Russian).
2
Another possible answer "aneuploidy".
lysosomes
+ ribosomes
cell center
smooth ER
nucleolus
44. The cell of an ovary is in the S period of interphase. At this
time such event occurs:
spiralization of chromosomes
+ DNA replication
ATP accumulation
division of chromosomes
synthesis of nuclear membrane
45. The oogenesis is divided into three periods: reproduction,
growth and maturing. Cells that entered growth period are called:
oogonia
+ primary oocytes
ovum
secondary oocytes
primary polocytes
46. A cell was affected by a substance which broke the integrity of
lysosome membranes. What can happen to the cell as a result?
Specialization
Differentiation
Reproduction
Transformation
+ Autolysis
47. To diagnose human chromosomal disorders in order to ana-
lyse the karyotype, a cell culture is influenced by colchicine – a
substance which destroys the spindle of division. At what mitotic
stage is the karyotype studied?
Telophase
Interphase
Prophase
+ Metaphase
Anaphase
48. Mitosis is the basic mechanism of a cell that provides the de-
velopment of organisms, their regeneration and reproduction. It
is possible because this mechanism is responsible for:
Formation of polyploid cells
Crossing-over
1
+ Equal distribution of chromosomes between daughter cells
1
Irregular distribution of chromosomes between daughter cells
Change of genetic information
49. Transcription in a cell occurs in euchromatin sites. What
changes in cytoplasm of cells appear in the case of increase in
amount of euchromatin?
Number of polysomes decreases
Part of agranular endoplasmic reticulum increases
Activity of a cell center decreases
+ Number of ribosomes increases
Activity of lysosomes increases
50. A patient has an acute pancreatitis which can develop into
pancreas autolysis. The dysfunction of what organelles can cause
this pathology?
+ Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Centrioles
Microtubules
51. In course of practical training students studied a stained blood
smear of a mouse with bacteria phagocytosed by leukocytes.
What cell organella completes digestion of these bacteria?
Ribosomes
+ Lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrions
52. Studying of highly condensed chromosomes of the dividing
cell is carried out. At what stage of mitotic cycle process of cell
division was interrupted for this purpose?
Interphase
Anaphase
Telophase
+ Metaphase
Prophase
53. During cell cycle, chromosomes can be both one-chromatid
and two-chromatid. In the dividing cell, one-chromatid chromo-
somes are revealed. In this case, such phase of cell cycle was
studied:
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , the term "divergency" is used (this is a mistake).
interphase the post-synthetic period

metaphase
+ anaphase
prometaphase
prophase
54. Human cell is studied under the microscope during anaphase
of mitosis. At this stage under sufficient magnification, it is possi-
ble to see:
conjugation of chromatids
formation of tetrads
+ disjunction of chromatids
despiralization of chromosomes
55. The zone of reproduction of woman's sex gland is analyzed. In
this zone, cell divide by:
meiosis
schizogony
oogamy
+ mitosis
amitosis
56. During the postsynthetic period of mitotic cycle, the synthesis
of proteins – tubulins, which take part in the mitotic spindle for-
mation, was destroyed. It can cause the impairment of:
1
duration of mitosis
2
+ chromosome's separation
3
cytokinesis
57. On practical class in cell biology, students studied plasma
membrane. In the electronic photo of a cell, macromolecules that
bind specific receptors on its surface are noticeable. In what way
they enter a cell?
Through ionic channels
+ Due to endocytosis
By means of protein transmitters which move like revolving doors
By passive transport
Due to work of sodium-potassium pump
1
Another possible answer: "formation of ribosome subunits".
2
Another possible answer: "disjunction of daughter chromosomes". In the book Collec ion of
asks , the incorrect term "divergence of daughter chromosomes" is used (this is a mistake).
3
Another possible answer: "formation of nucleolus".
58. The scraping of mucous of the mouth was taken by the spatu-
la for laboratory investigations. Analyse probable conditions of
these cells:
divide only mitotically
only increase in sizes
divide by meiosis and amitosis
+ divide mitotically and by amitosis
divide mitotically; polyteny is observed
59. The study of the female karyogram shows that the centro-
mere in X chromosome is placed near the centre. What do we call
such chromosome?
Telocentric
1
Subacrocentric
+ Submetacentric
Acrocentric
Metacentric
60. Indicator of intensity of mutational process in human is the
sister chromatid exchange – SCE. This process happens at a
stage:
interphase before meiosis
+ prophase of mitosis
metaphase of mitosis
metaphase of the first meiotic division
anaphase of the second meiotic division
61. One of characteristics of a cell for anaphase of mitosis is 4n
4c. It is caused by fact that in this phase such event occurs:
association of sister chromatids
formation of tetrads
+ chromatid disjunction to the cell poles
exchange of regions of sister chromatids
62. Feature of meiosis in oogenesis is existence of a specific
stage, which is absent in spermatogenesis. How this stage is
called?
Zygotene
Leptotene
Diplotene
Pachytene
+ Dictyotene
1
Such term is not used in the world.
63. What cell division leads to formation of diploid set of chromo-

somes?
Meiosis
+ Mitosis
Amitosis
Schizogony
Endomitosis
64. After colchicine influence, it was revealed that the number of
chromosomes in a metaphase plate of the man exceed the norm
on twenty three chromosomes. This mutation belongs to:
+ polyploidy
aneuploidy
polyteny
inversion
translocation
65. High-molecular compounds – proteins and carbohydrates –
enter a cell by phagocytosis. Fermental systems of a cell split this
material into low molecular compounds. They were used in fur-
ther anabolic processes. The cell synthesized own compounds –
proteoglycans – and excreted them in the form of the formed se-
cret drops. What cell organelles were involved into into the opera-
tion at the final stage that takes part in formation of drops of se-
cret?
+ Lamellar Golgi complex
Lysosomes
Free ribosomes of cytoplasm
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
66. Remember value of processes of mitosis and meiosis in life
cycles of the organisms reproducing by asexual and sexual was
and specify, what of the statements formulated below is correct:
gametes are always formed in the process of meiosis
+ gametes are always haploid
mitosis occurs in diploid cells only
as a result of mitosis, diploid cells are always formed
as a result of meiosis, only gametes are formed
67. In the first half of the XX century, many authors described
more intensively painted sites of polytene chromosomes, which
alternated with poorly painted sites. Some researchers assumed
that intensively painted sites contain genes. What are modern
views on their function?
+ They are genetically inert sites of chromosomes that contain spiral chroma-
tin
They are sites where transcription occurs
They are sites of decondensed chromatin
They are sites that are invisible in interphase under a light microscope
They are genetically active sites
68. During the examination of the cell structure, a globular
monomembranous organelle, which contains hydrolytic enzymes,
was found. This organelle is known to provide intracellular diges-
tion and protective reactions of the cell. What organelle is it? 1
Centriole
+ Lysosome
Ribosome
Mitochondrion
69. Chromosomes of eukaryotic cells consist generally of chroma-
tin – a complex of double-stranded DNA and five fractions of his-
tone proteins forming nucleosomes. What histone stabilizes nu-
cleosome structure?
H2
H3
H2
+ H1
H4
70. Human karyotype is studied when a cell is at metaphase.
What do we call the substance that can stop the cell division at
this stage?
Methanol
Iodine
+ Colchicine
Potassium chloride
Ethanol
71. During the examination of pancreatic gland cells under an
electronic microscope, an organelle has been found which con-
sists of cisterns, canals, closets and is connected with plasma-
lemma. What organelle is it?
Centriole
Mitochondrion
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , another similar question is also present: In a cell a ball-
shaped monomembranous organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes has been studied. What
organelle is it?
+ Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
Peroxisome
72. In one of phases of spermatogenesis, the changes of a nucle-
us and cytoplasm of spermatids causing formation of mature sex
cells are observed. Name a gametogenesis phase:
proliferation
maturing
growth
reproduction
+ formation
73. Microfilaments and microtubules are known to include tubulin
proteins, which take part in the formation of the division spindle.
In what period of the mitotic cycle are tubulin proteins synthe-
sized?
Postmitotic period of interphase
Mitosis
Synthesis period (S) of interphase
+ Postsynthesis period (G2) of interphase
Presynthesis period (G1) of interphase
74. There is an organelle near the nucleus which consists of two
cylinders built of microtubules. The cylinders are situated perpen-
dicularly to each other. The organelle is a component of the mi-
totic spindle of division in animal cells. What organelle is this?
Mitochondrion
Ribosome
1
+ Centrosome
Lysosome
75. An intensive aerobic process of energy formation and accumu-
lation in the form of high energy ATP bonds takes place in the
cells of muscular tissue. In which organelle does this process oc-
cur?
In the peroxisome
In the endoplasmic reticulum
In the lysosome
+ In the mitochondrion
In the centriole
1
There is a mistake in this question in the book Collec ion of asks the term "centriole" is
used in this book. Structure that contains a pair of cylinders (i. e. a pair of centrioles) is called
the centrosome.
76. The nuclei of cells were affected by a substance which de-

stroyed the histone structure. What components of the cells will
change as a result of this intervention in the first place?
Mitochondria
Nuclear membrane
Ribosomes
+ Chromosomes
Cell membranes
77. During an experiment, the culture of the cells divided by mito-
sis was influenced by the substance which destroyed the spindle
of division. Which substance was used in the experiment?
Penicillin
+ Colchicine
Histamine
Methanol
Iodine
78. It is known that the growing old epithelial cells die. What cell
organoids provide their digestion and removal in an internal?
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Plastids
+ Lysosomes
Golgi complex
79. The increase in thyroid gland was revealed in the student of
18 years. He had the raised metabolism and the increased pulse
rate. These signs are observed in the case of hypersecretion of
thyroxin hormone. What organelles of cells of thyroid gland are
responsible for secretion and release of hormones most of all?
+ Golgi complex
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Centrosomes
Lysosomes
80. During preparation to the final round of the Ukrainian compe-
tition in biology, members of a study group argued concerning
the term cybrids. Find the correct answer and solve their dispute:
degree of mutability of a genome
+ fused eukaryotic cells, cellular hybrids
cells which are transformed by foreign DNA
hybrids that are received as a result of crossing
hybrids of species of citrus plant
81. Karyotyping of healthy man cells is carried out. A small acro-

centric odd chromosome was found in the karyotype. What chro-
mosome is it?
Group A chromosome
Group B chromosome
X chromosome
+ Y chromosome
Group C chromosome
82. What process in a cell provides constancy of chromosome
number?
Amitosis
+ Mitosis
Endomitosis
Meiosis
Polyteny
83. In one of cell organoids, completion of the creation of protein
molecule and formation of a complex of protein molecules with
carbohydrates and fats occur. What is the organoid?
Lysosomes
+ Golgi complex
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
84. Number of what structures is increased in polytene chromo-
somes?
Chromatids
Microfibrils
+ Chromonemata
Neurofibrilla
Myofibrils
85. Influenced by some chemical substances, the process of ribo-
some subunits formation has been impaired in a cell. In conse-
quence this will stop the synthesis of:
carbohydrates
+ proteins
lipids
DNA
RNA
86. In one of meiosis phases in the man, nuclei containing 23
chromosomes with diploid set of DNA are formed. How this phase
of meiosis is called?
+ Telophase I
Interphase
Anaphase I
Telophase II
Metaphase II
87. It is known that cell cycle consists of several consecutive
transformations in a cell. On one of stages there are processes
preparing DNA synthesis (the quantity of RNA and protein in-
creases). During what period of cell life it occurs?
Synthetic
Mitotic
+ G1 (pre-synthetic)
Premitotic
Post-synthetic
88. Organoids are the constant differentiated cytoplasm regions,
which have certain structure and functions: endoplasmic reticu-
lum, ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, lamellar complex, cell
center, microtubules, and plastids. What cellular components are
discovered by means of an electronic microscope?
Nucleus
Lamellar Golgi complex
Lysosomes
+ Hyaloplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes
Mitochondria
89. Cytogenetic investigations showed that each chromosome is
differentiated on two types of sites, different in coloring. Sites
which are poorly painted by nuclear dyes, received the name:
kinetochore
centromere
heterochromatin
nucleolar organizer
+ euchromatin
90. Mitochondria are two-membrane organoids; lysosomes and
Golgi complex are one-membrane organoids. What organoids of a
cell have no membrane?
Lysosomes, mitochondria
+ Ribosomes, centrosome
Peroxisomes, ribosomes
Golgi complex
Plastids
91. Under influence of colchicine solution on the cell culture, a
large number of metaphase plates appears; it indicates stopping

of mitosis at a metaphase stage. What organoid is exposed to de-
struction and does not carry out its function during mitosis?
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
+ Microtubules
92. During the whole life of a human, in some adult cells mitosis
is not observed, and the quantity of DNA stays permanent. What
do we call these cells?
+ Neurons
Hepatocytes
Eye cornea epitheliocytes
Red bone marrow cells
Germinal epithelium
93. Under the influence of gamma-radiation a fragment of a
chromosome was lost. What chromosomal mutation is it?
+ Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Intrachromosomal translocation
Interchromosomal translocation
94. Protein and ribosomal RNA – RNP, ribonucleoprotein – are a
part of ribosomes. Where subunits of ribosomes are formed?
In mitochondria
In Golgi complex
On tubules of endoplasmic reticulum
+ In a nucleolus
In lysosomes
95. Prokaryotes are anucleate organisms, which have no typical
nucleus and nuclear membrane. Genetic material is presented in
them by one ring thread of DNA molecule. How genetic material
of prokaryotes is called?
+ Genophore
Nucleus
Virion
Mycoplasma
Nucleolus
96. In the presynthesis period (G1) of the cell cycle the synthesis
of DNA doesn't occur, that's why the number of DNA molecules is
equal to the number of chromosomes. How many DNA molecules

does any human somatic cell in the presynthesis period (G 1)
have?
23
92
+ 46
69
48
97. A cell includes ball-shaped mono-membranous organelles that
include proteolytic enzymes. Organelles size is 0.2–1 microme-
ters. Their formation is connected with Golgi apparatus. What or-
ganelles are these?
Centrioles
Ribosomes
Plastids
Mitochondria
+ Lysosomes
98. In the cells capable to division, there are processes of growth,
formation of organelles and their accumulation due to active syn-
thesis of proteins, RNA, lipids, and carbohydrates. How the period
of mitotic cycle in which such processes occur, but DNA is not
synthesized, is called?
+ G1 (pre-synthetic)
Synthetic
Premitotic
Telophase
Anaphase
99. In a nucleus, there are non-constant structures that disappear
at the beginning of cell division and appear again at the end of it.
They include protein and RNA. They take part in the formation of
ribosome subunits. What are these structures called?
+ Nucleoli
Nucleosomes
Polysomes
Microfibrils
Microtubules
100. Large cells with the paired homologous chromosomes and
points of crossing-over in some of these chromosomes were
found in a sample of ovary tissue. In what period of gametogene-
sis these cells are?
Differentiation
+ Maturing
Growth
Reproduction
Formation
101. Chromosomes are pair structures in all species. Such set of
chromosomes is called diploid. How the diploid set of chromo-
somes of a cell is called?
Locus
Genome
Idiogram
+ Karyotype
Genotype
102. During the cell cycle, regular changes in quantity of genetic
material happen. What is the period, when the replication of DNA
happens, called?
Anaphase
Prophase
Metaphase
+ Interphase
Telophase
103. On the preparation painted by hematoxylin and eosin, dark
blue grains and clots of chromatin are visible in the nucleus. In
what phase of cellular cycle the nucleus is?
+ Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
104. During anaphase, chromosomes (each containing one chro-
matid)1 are placed on the poles of the cell. How many chromo-
somes does the cell have during the anaphase?
96
46
23
69
+ 92
105. In intensively functioning cells (for example, of liver), the in-
crease in chromosome number is often observed. What process
1
There is a mistake in this question in the book Collec ion of asks incorrect word com-
bination "monochromatic chromosomes" is used in this book.
happens in a cell?
+ Endomitosis
Polyteny
Amitosis
Mitosis
Meiosis
106. There is an organelle in human cells. The functions of this or-
ganelle are the formation of lysosomes, the secretion of glycopro-
teins, carbohydrates, lipids, and the formation of yolk granules
during the oocytes maturation. What is this organelle called?
Lysosome
+ Golgi apparatus
Peroxisome
Ribosome
107. The second division of meiosis resembles mitosis very much.
But there are some differences. In what features metaphase of
mitosis differs from metaphase of the second division of meiosis
in the man?
Additional DNA synthesis occurs in metaphase of meiosis
Chromosomes move to opposite poles in metaphase of meiosis, and chro-
matids move in metaphase mitosis
Additional DNA synthesis occurs in metaphase of mitosis
There are 46 chromosomes in the metaphase plate of the second division
of meiosis, and there are 23 chromosomes in the metaphase plate of mi-
tosis
+ There are 23 chromosomes in the metaphase plate of the second division
of meiosis, and there are 46 chromosomes in a metaphase plate of mito-
sis
108. Secretion of glycoprotein mucin that forms mucus is reduced
in the patient. Disturbance of functions of what organoids can
cause this phenomenon?
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
+ Golgi complex
Nuclei
109. Among microorganisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in
features of cellular structure. What microorganisms among men-
tioned below are prokaryotes?
Protozoans
Viruses
+ Bacteria
Mushrooms
Prions
110. Long cylinders with diameter about 24 nanometers are pre-
sent in animal cells. They are formed from dimers of the protein
tubulin and play an important role in maintenance of a certain
form of the whole cell and its organoids, and also take part in
transport of macromolecules and organelles. They provide chro-
mosome disjunction during cell division. Define these organelles:
plastids
+ microtubules
mitochondria
microfilaments
111. In the medico-genetic center, the doctor applied a method of
differential painting according to Giemsa for identification of
chromosomes of each pair; then all chromosomes got specific al-
ternation of light and dark bands. The graphic representation of
chromosomes taking into account their form and coloring has the
name:
+ ideogram
genotype
gene pool
karyotype
genome
112. Moving of the daughter chromatids to the poles of the cell is
observed in the mitotically dividing cell. At what stage of the mi-
totic cycle is this cell?1
Telophase
+ Anaphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Interphase
113. Different cellular organelles are characterized by an unequal
set of enzymes that is associated with specificity of the functions,
which are carried out by them. What organelle contains digestive
enzymes only?
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: During the mitotic divi-
sion in a cell we can observe the separation of chromatids towards the opposite poles. What
stage of the cell cycle takes place in the cell?
Lamellar complex
Mitochondrion
+ Lysosome
Ribosome
114. At some diseases, changes that are followed by damages of
integrity of membranes of lysosomes occur in cells. What changes
will happen in cells?
Process of mitosis will be broken
Process of translation will be broken
Damage of the process of transcription will occur
+ Autolysis will occur
Accumulation of substances by cell will occur
115. Three new mutant genes appeared in the oocyte I. Name the
maximum number of zygotes which can receive these genes:
+ one
two
three
four
none
116. The patient with poisoning got to clinic. It is established that
detoxication mechanisms are disturbed in his organism. With
change of functions of what listed organoids this defect is associ-
ated?
+ Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Golgi complex
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Nucleus
117. Destruction of mitochondria was revealed in a cell at investi-
gation of the diffraction pattern. What process in a cell can be
broken thereof?
Nuclear division
Crossing-over
Photosynthesis
Synthesis of carbohydrates
+ Oxidation of organic substances
118. Four phases are distinguished in mitosis. In what phase hu-
man cell has 92 chromosomes, each of them containing one
chromatid?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
+ Anaphase
Telophase
119. The number of cells, which entered a phase of DNA synthesis
of a mitotic cycle within a day, was 20% less, than number of the
cells that entered the previous mitosis. Where cells got to?
Remained in mitosis
Died in the process of apoptosis
+ Remained in the G1 period or entered G0 phase
Entered G2 phase
Were lost owing to necrosis
120. Name organoids that are present in cells of bacteria:
mitochondria
chloroplasts
digestive vacuoles
+ ribosomes
nucleus
121. Glycogen and proteins are actively synthesized in cells of
healthy liver. What types of organelles are well developed?
Cell center
+ Granular and agranular ER
Lysosomes
Golgi complex
Peroxisomes
122. By means of electronic microscopy, it is recorded that the
surface of the majority of cells forms numerous microscopic out-
growths of cytoplasm. What process actively happens in these
cells?
Protein biosynthesis
Biological oxidation
+ Phagocytosis
Diffusion
ATP synthesis
123. Somatic cells of the man are diploid (2n chromosomes). Nev-
ertheless, polyploid cells of red marrow (megakaryocytes) can
have up to 64n chromosomes. What is the mechanism of their
appearance?
Amitosis
+ Endomitosis
Mitosis
Meiosis
Polyteny
124. There are cellular and noncellular forms of life. What of the
forms, which are listed below, belong to the noncellular forms?
+ Viruses
Bacteria
Blue-green algae
Mycoplasmas
Protozoans
125. Colchicine, which blocks "assembling" of proteins of achro-
matinic spindle, influenced a cell. What stage of mitotic cycle will
be broken?
+ Anaphase
Prophase
Cytokinesis
G1 period of interphase
G2 period of interphase
126. Decrease in level of albumine and fibrinogen was revealed in
the patient's blood. Decrease of the activity of what organelles of
hepatocytes most possibly causes this phenomenon?
Lysosomes
+ Granular ER
Mitochondria
Agranular ER
Golgi complex
127. Synthesis of histone proteins in a cell is artificially blocked.
What structure of a cell will be damaged?
Nucleolus
+ Nuclear chromatin
Golgi apparatus
Cellular envelope
Nuclear envelope
128. During the inspection of a girl's karyotype, a shortened arm
of the 20th pair chromosome was found. What do we call this mu-
tation?
Duplication
+ Deletion
Inversion
Translocation
th
Monosomy on the 20 chromosome
129. Cells of human liver and kidneys contain numerous orga-
nelles of 0.1–1.5 microns in size which are surrounded by one

membrane and filled with the enzymes providing H2O2-dependent
breath and biosynthesis of bilious acids. How these organelles are
called?
+ Peroxisomes
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Digestive vacuoles
Golgi apparatus
130. During studying a karyotype of an aborted embryo, it was
revealed that one of the chromosomes of number 1 has one arm
and terminal placement of a centromere. How such type of a
chromosome is called?
Acrocentric
Submetacentric
+ Telocentric
Metacentric
Isochromosome
131. When students studied structures of a cell, there was such
question: "What are biological membranes in their structure?"
Bimolecular protein layer
+ Bimolecular lipidic layer with protein components
Bimolecular lipidic layer
Monomolecular lipidic layer
Bimolecular protein layer with lipidic components
132. The cell cycle is known to consist of several subsequent stag-
es. At one of the stages, the synthesis of DNA happens. What do
we call this period of the cell cycle?
Presynthesis period (G1) of interphase
+ Synthesis period (S) of interphase
Mitosis
Premitotic period of interphase
Postsynthesis period (G2) of interphase
133. At what variant of a karyotype one Barr's body is determined
in nuclei of somatic cells?
45, XO
46, XY
47, XY, 21+
48, XXXY
+ 47, XX, 15+
134. The tumor of a uterus was removed in the woman of 60
years. At investigation of tumor cells, multipolar mitoses with

chromosome disjunction to many poles were found. What orga-
nelles were damaged?
Secondary lysosomes
+ Centrosomes
Peroxisomes
Ribosomes
Rough ER
135. The doctor cytogenetics during preparation of a metaphase
plate treated culture of leukocytes with hypotonic (0.56%) solu-
tion of potassium chloride. After such treatment, swelling of cells
and a rupture of a cellular membrane occurred due to water in-
flow to a cell. What mechanism of transport takes place in this
case?
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Diffusion
+ Endosmosis
Facilitated diffusion
136. Autolysis occurred in a cell owing to damage of integrity and
functions of membranes. What organoids were damaged?
+ Lysosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
137. The mature viral part consists of fibrous envelope and nucle-
ocapsid in which genetic material is concentrated. What name the
mature part of a virus has?
Prokaryote
+ Virion
Genophore
Nucleoid
Phage
138. Diseases, which are associated with accumulation of carbo-
hydrates, lipids etc. in cells, often are present in the man. The
reason of developing of these hereditary diseases is lack of the
appropriate enzymes in:
+ lysosomes
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
nucleus
139. Amitosis is a direct nuclear fission of a cell at which the in-
terphase condition of the nucleus remains, nucleoli and nuclear
membrane are well noticeable. During amitosis, chromosomes do
not visible, and their uniform distribution is not occurred. As a re-
sult of amitosis, genetically different cells are formed. In what
human cells amitosis is the normal phenomenon?
Blastomeres
Spermatogonia
Oocytes
+ Cells of skin epithelium
Gametes
140. Mitotic division of cells of epithelium of oral cavity is studied.
It has been established that the cell contains a diploid set of
chromosomes. Each chromosome consists of two most spiralized
chromatids. Chromosomes are located in the plane of the cell’s
equator. This picture is characteristic for such stage of mitosis:
prophase
telophase
+ metaphase
anaphase
prometaphase
141. Under the influence of gamma-radiation a fragment of a
chromosome has turned by 180°. What chromosomal mutation
has taken place?
Duplication
Deletion
+ Inversion
Intrachromosomal translocation
Interchromosomal translocation
142. Animal cells are capable to the active movements, for exam-
ple, to the ameboid movements. What structures of a cell provide
such mobility of cells?
Cytoplasm microtubules
Intermediate microfilaments
+ Actin microfilaments
Cell center and microtubules of a spindle of division
Myofibrils
143. At a certain stage of cell cycle, homologous chromosomes
reach cell poles, undergo despiralization; nuclear membranes are
being formed around them, nucleoli are restored. At what phase

of mitosis the cell is?
Metaphase
Anaphase
Prometaphase
+ Telophase
Prophase
144. Examination of a patient with hepatolenticular degeneration
revealed that synthesis of ceruloplasmin protein has a defect.
What organelles is this defect connected with?
Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrions
Golgi complex
+ Granular endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
145. In the medico-genetic center when studying a metaphase
plate of the sick child, the circular chromosome was revealed; it
was formed due to connection of end sites of the 16 th autosome.
Damage of what structure of a chromosome became the reason
of this anomaly?
Long arm
Short arm
Centromeres
+ Telomeric region
Secondary constriction
146. Action of electromagnetic radiation on epithelial cells of intes-
tines and kidneys was studied in radiological laboratory. What of
the listed conditions cells will be the most sensitive to this dam-
aging factor in?
Specific work of cells
Pinocytosis
Excretion
+ Mitosis
Phagocytosis
147. Organoids, which have no membranous structure and consist
of two particles of different size, are present in cells of all organ-
isms. They have microscopic sizes and carry out function of pro-
tein synthesis. How these organoids are called?
+ Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Leukocytes
Chromosomes
Mitochondria
148. Malarial plasmodium has a set of chromosomes 1n=12, its
cells propagate in human body by schizogony. The number of
chromosomes in the nucleus of plasmodium, which reproduces in
cells of human liver, will make:
+ 12
24
36
60
72
149. Small cells are found in a sample of tissue of embryonic ova-
ry. Some of them divide mitotically. What stage of oogenesis is
observed?
Formation
Growth
Maturing
+ Multiplication
Differentiation
150. Colchicine (the substance isolated from the plant Colchicum
L.) stops process of mitosis. What exactly in the mechanism of
mitosis is broken by colchicine?
Division of centrioles of a centrosome
+ Formation of mitotic spindle
Dissolution of a nuclear membrane
Doubling of chromosomes
Cytoplasm division
151. A tissue sample of benign tumor was studied under the elec-
tron microscope. A lot of small (15–20 nm) spherical bodies, con-
sisting of two unequal subunits were detected. These are:
microtubules
Golgi complex
mitochondria
+ ribosomes
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
152. The culture of tumor cells shows fast cellular division by di-
rect cleavage of a nucleus. Formation of threads of a spindle and
condensation of chromatin are not revealed. How this type of cell
division is called?
Cytokinesis
Karyokinesis
+ Amitotic division
Mitosis
Endomitosis
153. At the laboratory experiment, the leukocyte culture was
mixed with staphylococci. Neutrophile leukocytes engulfed and
digested bacterial cells. This process is termed:
facilitated diffusion
diffusion
osmosis
+ phagocytosis
pinocytosis
154. Granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are well
developed in some cells. What main function is carried out by
these cells?
+ Protein secretion
Phagocytosis and digestion of engulfed particles
Energy development
Transfer of nervous stimulation
Production of protein
155. Golgi complex exports substances from a cell due to the fu-
sion of the membrane saccule with the cell membrane. The sac-
cule contents flows out. What process is it?
Active transport
All answers are false
+ Exocytosis
Endocytosis
156. Life cycle of a cell includes the process of DNA autoreduplica-
tion. As a result of this process, monochromatid chromosomes
become bichromatid. This phenomenon is observed within the fol-
lowing period of the cell cycle:
G1
G2
+S
G0
M
157. On an electron micrograph a scientist has identified a struc-
ture formed by eight histone proteins and a part of DNA molecule
which makes about 1.75 revolutions around the molecules. Which
structure has been identified?
Chromosome
Elementary fibril
+ Nucleosome
Chromatid
Half-chromatid
158. While studying maximally spiralized chromosomes of human
karyotype, the process of cell division was stopped in the follow-
ing phase:1
prophase
anaphase
interphase
+ metaphase
telophase
159. A cell at the stage of mitotic anaphase was treated 2 by col-
chicine that inhibits chromosome separation to the poles. What
type of mutation will be caused?
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation
+ Polyploidy
Deletion
160. Normal actively dividing cells of human red bone marrow are
analyzed. What number of cell's chromosomes is typical for G 1
period?
+ 46
48
23
45
47
161. It is established that toxic effect of cyanides is shown in inhi-
bition of cellular respiration. What organoid of a cell is sensitive to
these poisons?
Ribosomes
+ Mitochondria
Cell center
Golgi complex
Lysosomes
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: During the cell division
we can see the maximum amount of condensed chromosomes. At what stage of the cell cycle
is the process of the cell division stopped?
2
In the exam booklet the word "stimulated" was used. But colchicine does not stimulate cellu-
lar processes!
162. Human karyotype is studied at metaphase stage of mitosis.

At this stage it is possible to see, under appropriate magnifica-
tion, that each chromosome consists of such number of chroma-
tids:
one
+ two
three
four
eight
163. One of two centrioles of a centrosome (cell center) was with-
drawn from hepatocyte (liver cell) by means of the micromanipu-
lator. What process will not take place in this cell?
+ Division
Energy metabolism
Synthesis of glycogen
Biosynthesis of proteins
Synthesis of lipids
164. In the electronic microphoto of a cell, the scientist revealed
supramolecular structure – glycosyl groups of glycocalix, which
have an appearance of the short chains that are closely bound
with membrane proteins and lipids. What function is carried out
by these structures?
Structural
Transport
+ Receptor
Barrier
Enzymatic
165. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane organelles, which are
formed in Golgi complex and have enzymes for destruction of hy-
drogen peroxide that is formed during oxidation of some organic
substances. What other important function is carried out by these
organelles?
Synthesis of complex carbohydrates
Formation of ATP
Synthesis of polypeptides
Proteolysis
+ Oxidation of fatty acids
166. Signal molecules – protein receptors – are located on plas-
matic membranes of cells. They bind molecules and initiate the
answer. How receptors, which perceive neurotransmitters, work?
Strengthen passive diffusion
+ Assist formation of open channels in membranes

Strengthen active diffusion
Activate pinocytosis
Slow down transport of substances
167. Specific membrane bubbles were formed in a cell after ab-
sorption of dissolved substances. How this type of transport of
molecules through a membrane is called?
Phagocytosis
+ Pinocytosis
Diffusion
Exocytosis
168. Each species of organisms has certain constant number of
chromosomes. The mechanism, which maintains this constancy
during asexual reproduction, is:
meiosis
reduplication
+ mitosis
repair
transcription
169. It is possible to see bacteria and leukocytes in the cytoplasm
of mouth amoeba at different stages of digestion. How absorption
of solid particles by a cell is called?
Pinocytosis
Osmosis
Exocytosis
Diffusion
+ Phagocytosis
170. During formation of teeth, cell fission of a nipple of human
epidermis occurs. Thus new cells with identical number of chro-
mosomes and equivalent volume of genetic information are
formed. These cells divide by:
Amitotic division
Endomitosis
Schizogony
+ Mitosis
Meiosis
171. How fibers of intestines absorb amino acids as products of
proteolysis?
+ By means of transport proteins
By phagocytosis
By pinocytosis
By means of diffusion (on a concentration gradient)
By means of osmosis
172. In a laboratory, the group of researchers experimentally re-
ceived mutant cells without nucleoli. Synthesis of what com-
pounds will be broken in them first of all?
Polysaccharides
Lipids
Transport RNA
Monosaccharides
+ Ribosomal RNA
173. The system of intracellular tubules and tanks, which is divid-
ed on rough and smooth, is revealed in eukaryotic cell under
electronic microscope. It provides isolation of fermental systems
and is necessary for their subsequent involvement in the coordi-
nated reactions. What organelles are continuations of this system
and directly depend on its functioning because convert the sub-
stances synthesized in it into more complex compounds?
+ Golgi complex
Mitochondria
Microtubules
Centrosome
Lysosomes
174. In what sequence the following processes happen during mi-
tosis in animals and plants: 1. Nuclear envelope destroys. 2.
Chromosomes move to the middle part of the cell (equator). 3.
Microtubules join kinetochores. 4. Daughter chromosomes sepa-
rate?
1, 2, 3, 4
2, 3, 1, 4
4, 3, 2, 1
+ 1, 3, 2, 4
3, 1, 2, 4
175. When studying cells of a pancreas at the subcellular level,
disturbances of functions of concentration, dehydration and com-
paction of products of intracellular secretion, and also of synthesis
of polysaccharides, lipids, and enzymes are revealed. What orga-
nelles are responsible for these processes?
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
+ Golgi complex
Mitochondria
176. For studying of heredity at the molecular level, parasitic
forms, which can invade bacterial cell without causing its lysis
during certain time, are used. They are often similar to tadpoles,
consist of a head and a tail, they cannot be seen under light mi-
croscope. What forms of the organization of living things these
parasites belong to?
Plasmids
+ Bacteriophages
Cyanobacteria
Protozoans
Mycoplasmas
177. During investigation of culture of tissue of malignant tumor,
cell fission that happened by formation of constriction of a nucle-
us without achromatinic apparatus was revealed; also nuclear en-
velope and nucleoli remained. What type of cell division occurred
in the studied malignant tumor?
Endomitosis
Mitosis
+ Amitotic division
Exomitosis
Meiosis
178. Substances are excreted from a cell as a result of connection
of membrane structure of Golgi apparatus with a plasmatic mem-
brane. Content of such structure is thrown out of cell borders.
This process has the name:
+ exocytosis
osmosis
endocytosis
diffusion
transport
179. Experimental studying of a new medical preparation revealed
its blocking effect on assembly of proteins tubulins, which are the
basis of spindle in dividing cells. What stage of a cellular cycle is
broken by this preparation?
Synthetic period
Telophase of mitosis
Postmitotic period of interphase
Premitotic period of interphase
+ Anaphase of mitosis
180. The cell underwent influence of the ionizing radiation at defi-

ciency of vitamin E. It promoted the strengthened exit of hydro-
lytic enzymes into cytoplasm, and it has led to total destruction of
intracellular structures. Define, what organelles of a cell are rich-
est with hydrolytic enzymes, and autolysis occurs as result of de-
struction of their membranes.
Endoplasmic network
+ Lysosomes
Golgi complex
Microbodies
Mitochondria
181. The mutual attraction of chromosomes is called "conjugation"
or "synapsis". Conjugation occurs very precisely. The ends of
chromosomes or the whole chromosomes join at all the length. At
what stage of the first prophase of meiosis conjugation occurs?
Diakinesis
Dictyotene
Diplonema
+ Zygonema
Leptonema
182. The violations, which appear in mitosis, lead to formation of
cells with different karyotypes that is one of mechanisms of so-
matic aneuploidy. What is the name of such mitosis?
Abnormal
Chromosomal
Genomic
+ Pathological
Genic
183. Example of what type of transport through a membrane is
the H pump, which extorts hydrogen ions from a cell by means of
ATP?
Osmosis
Passive transport
Exocytosis
+ Active transport
184. Spindle is formed during mitosis. What cellular structure
takes the most active part in formation of a spindle?
Nucleus
+ Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Agranular ER
185. During oogamy, one ovum ripens, grows, then the follicle
bursts and the ovum (an oocyte of the II order) comes to uterine
tubes. What number of chromosomes and DNA the ovum has at
this time?
1n 1c
2n 2c
+ 1n 2c
2n 4c
4n 4c
186. The mutagen influenced a cell and partially destroyed a spin-
dle of division. The karyological analysis was carried out. Calcula-
tion of chromosomes in a metaphase plate showed existence of
49 chromosomes. How this mutation is called?
Polyploidy
Mosaicism
+ Heteroploidy
Triploidy
Duplication
187. The important role in the process of protein biosynthesis be-
longs to the ribosomal RNA forming a structural skeleton of ribo-
somes. And where formation of ribosomal RNA occurs?
In cytoplasm
+ In nucleoli
In mitochondria
In lysosomes
In a cell center
188. Three periods are distinguished in interphase of cellular cy-
cle. During S phase of cellular cycle occurs:
meiosis
cytokinesis
mitosis
+ DNA replication
amitotic division
189. The preparation destroying a spindle influenced on culture of
mitotically dividing cells in experiment. It has led to damage of:
postsynthetic period
formations of a nuclear envelope
doubling of chromatids
+ chromosome disjunction to cell poles

190. The cells of human red marrow relating to a cellular complex
that constantly renews are investigated. How these cells are
formed in norm?
By binary division
By schizogony
+ By mitosis
By meiosis
By amitotic division
191. Microscopic analysis of human heart cells revealed some oval
organelles, their envelope being formed by two membranes: the
external one is smooth, and the internal one forms cristae. Bio-
chemical analysis determined the presence of ATP synthetase en-
zyme. What organelles were analysed? 1
+ Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Centrosomes
192. Cells with 44 and 48 chromosomes were found in culture of
leukocytes of peripheral blood of liquidators of the Chernobyl ac-
cident that can indicate to disturbance of mitotic cycle at a stage:
synthetic period of interphase
prophase
telophase
+ anaphase
G1 period of an interphase
193. Formation of subunits of ribosomes in a cell was broken ex-
perimentally (by influence of mutagenic factors). What metabolic
process will be affected?
Biosynthesis of carbohydrates
ATP synthesis
+ Protein biosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Biological oxidation
194. It was established that cells of organisms lack membrane or-
ganelles and their hereditary material has no nucleosome organi-
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: The electronograms of
the rat's liver cells demonstrate some bimembraneous oval structures, the internal membrane
of which forms cristae. What organelles are these?
zation. What are the organisms?

Eukaryotes
+ Prokaryotes
Viruses
Protozoans
Ascomycetes
195. At a meeting of student scientific circle, first-year students
decided to investigate their karyotype by method of studying of
sex chromatin. What material is used most often for these inves-
tigations?
Erythrocytes
Skin epidermis
+ Mouth epithelium
Nervous cells
Sex cells
196. The buccal swab of the mucous of man's mouth was taken by
the spatula for laboratory investigations. Probable ways of cell fis-
sion of this tissue:
+ cells divide mitotically and by amitotic division
cells divide only mitotically
cells divide only by amitotic division
cells divide by meiosis and amitotic division
cells divide mitotically, and endomitosis is observed
197. During mitotic division of diploid somatic cell, it was influ-
enced by colchicine. Mitosis was disturbed, and the uninuclear
polyploid cell was formed. Mitosis was suspended at a stage:
+ metaphase
anaphase
prophase
telophase
cytokinesis
198. Increase of permeability of membranes of lysosomes is ob-
served in a cell as a result of ionizing radiation or avitaminosis E.
What consequences such pathology can lead to?
Intensive synthesis of proteins
Intensive synthesis of energy
Restoration of cytoplasmatic membrane
+ Partial or total destruction of a cell
Formation of a spindle of division
199. When carrying out scientific experiment, the researcher de-
stroyed structure of one of parts of a cell that disturbed ability of
a cell to division. What structure was destroyed most likely?

Mitochondria
Glycocalix
+ Centrosome
Microfibrils
Golgi complex
200. Students study the stages of gametogenesis. They analyze a
cell having haploid number of chromosomes, and each chromo-
some consists of two chromatids. The chromosomes are located
in the equatorial plane of the cell. Such situation is typical for the
following stage of meiosis:
prophase of the first division
anaphase of the second division
metaphase of the first division
+ metaphase of the second division
anaphase of the first division
201. The organisms to be identified have a nucleus surrounded by
a nuclear membrane. Genetic material is concentrated predomi-
nantly in the chromosomes that consist of DNA strands and pro-
tein molecules. These cells divide mitotically. Identify these or-
ganisms:
bacteriophages
viruses
+ eukaryotes
prokaryotes
bacteria
202. Long influence of toxicants on an organism led to considera-
ble decrease in protein synthesis in hepatocytes. What organelles
suffered from intoxication most of all?
Golgi complex
Mitochondria
Microtubules
Lysosomes
+ Granular endoplasmic reticulum
203. Analysis of an electron diffraction pattern of a cell revealed
mitochondrion destruction. This might result in abnormal course
of the following cell process:
nuclear division
+ oxidation of organic substances
crossing over
cleavage
protein hydrolysis
204. Cytogenetic analysis established that the patient had the 47,
XYY karyotype. The extra chromosome in the karyotype has a
centromere located very close to one of the chromosome ends so
that one chromosomal arm is much shorter than the other one.
Such a chromosome is called:
+ acrocentric
metacentric
submetacentric
telocentric
submetacentric with a satellite
205. The recombination of genetic material is reached by several
mechanisms one of which is the crossing over. At what stage of a
prophase of the first meiotic division it occurs?
Leptonema
Zygonema
Diplonema
+ Pachynema
Diakinesis
206. During the period of presynthesis of mitotic cycle, synthesis
of the enzyme DNA-dependent DNA polymerase in a cell was bro-
ken. What effects it can lead to?
Disturbance of spindle formation
Disturbance of cytokinesis
+ Disturbance of DNA replication
Reduction of duration of mitosis
Disturbance of chromosome disjunction to poles
207. The chromosome, which has p and q arms with identical
length, was revealed in female set of chromosomes. What mor-
phological type this chromosome belongs to?
Telocentric
Submetacentric
1
Subacrocentric
Acrocentric
+ Metacentric
1
Such term is not used in the world.
CLASSICAL GENETICS
1. The woman with I (O) rh– blood type married the man with IV
(AB) Rh+ blood type. What variant of blood type and Rhesus fac-
tor can be expected in children?
+
+ III (B) Rh
I (O) rh
+
IV (AB) Rh
+
I (O) Rh
IV (AB) rh
2. Phenotypically identical anomalies can be caused by genotypi-
cal as well as environmental factors influencing an embryo. For
example, congenital cataract can be autosomal recessive disease
or the result of infection of German measles or influence of ioniz-
ing radiation during the early period of pregnancy. How changes,
which occur under the influence of environmental factors and re-
peat the traits of an organism with another genotype, are called?
Multiple alleles
Genocopies
Incomplete penetrance
+ Phenocopies
Pleiotropic action of genes
3. In what of marriages rhesus incompatibility of mother and a
fetus is possible?
+ rr RR
RR rr
Rr Rr
Rr rr
Rr RR
4. The blind girl, whose parents, brothers and sisters were blind
too, married the blind young man, whose brother and sister were
blind too, but other family members – mother, father, two sisters
and brother – were able to see. From this marriage 8 children
were born, which were able to see. Analyse a pedigree and name
the reason of the birth children, who are able to see, in blind par-
ents:
pleiotropic action of genes
+ genocopies
multiple alleles
incomplete penetrance
phenocopies
5. Endemic goiter is widespread among Transcarpathian popula-

tion due to iodine deficiency in food. What form of variability is
this case based on?
Mutational
+ Modification
Combinative
Hereditary
1
Genotypical
6. Development of any traits in the man is result of complex in-
teractions between genes and products of translation at the mo-
lecular level. It is established that one pair of alleles controls
permeability of capillaries, development of a trunk of brain and
cerebellum, and one of functions of thymus. What phenomenon it
can belong to?
Codominance
Complementarity
+ Pleiotropy
Overdominance
Interaction of polymeric genes
7. The group of Caucasians men settled in South Africa, and mar-
riages happened only between them throughout several genera-
tions. Their skin became darker, like skin of Negroids. However,
children of these people continued to be born as white. About
what phenomenon one can talk?
+ Modification variation
Genocopies
Phenocopies
Genotypical variation
Combinational variation
8. Woman with Rh-positive (Rh+) blood is pregnant; her fetus is
Rh-negative (rh-). Whether developing of rhesus incompatibility
in this case is possible?
+ Rhesus incompatibility does not arise
Rhesus incompatibility arises at the third and other pregnancies
Rhesus incompatibility does not arise at the first pregnancy, but appears at
the second pregnancy
Rhesus incompatibility will arise surely
Rhesus incompatibility arises if before pregnancy Rh-negative blood was
transfused
1
Other possible incorrect answers "Ontogenetic", "Correlative".
9. These mutations are not transferred to descendants at sexual

reproduction, nevertheless, in individual development they can
influence formation of a trait, leading to formation of organisms
as mosaics. About what mutations there is a talk?
Gene mutations
Generative mutations
Translocations
Transgenation
+ Somatic mutations
10. The wife is blind owing to anomaly of a crystalline lens, and
the husband is blind owing to anomaly of a cornea (both types of
blindness are transferred as the recessive traits that are not
linked). They have two children: blind child and child that is able
to see. What is the highest probability that their third child will be
able to see?
12%
37.5%
25%
+ 50%
0%
11. Familial hypercholesterolemia is inherited on autosomal reces-
sive type. In heterozygotes, this disease is shown by the in-
creased content of cholesterol in blood. In homozygotes, besides,
xanthomas (benign tumors of skin and tendons) and early ather-
osclerosis develop. What is the probability of the birth of healthy
child in a family, where one of parents has only high content of
cholesterol in blood, and the second parent has all complex of
manifestation of this hereditary disease?
75%
+ 0%
25%
100%
50%
12. The child who is sick with phenylketonuria (autosomal reces-
sive hereditary disease) was born at clinically healthy parents.
What are genotypes of parents?
aa aa
AA AA
AA Aa
Aa aa
+ Aa Aa
13. Rh-negative mother has the first blood type; father has the
third blood group and is Rh-positive. What blood types are possi-
ble in children if the father is heterozygous on the first trait?
The first and second Rh-positive
The first and third Rh-negative
The first and second Rh-negative
+ The first and third Rh-positive
The second and third Rh-positive
14. Inheritance of blood types is defined by a type of gene inter-
action. Parents have the second and third blood types, and their
child has the first blood type. What type of interaction of genes is
the cornerstone of this phenomenon?
+ Complete dominance
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Complementary interaction of genes
15. A married couple consulted a specialist at the genetic consul-
tation about probability of having children with haemophilia. Both
spouses are healthy, but the wife's father has haemophilia. In this
family hemophilia may be passed to:
daughters only
all the children
half of daughters
+ half of sons
both sons and daughters
16. Genes A and B are linked incompletely. What recombinant
gametes are formed by Drosophila female with AB//ab genotype?
+ Ab, aB
B, b
AB, ab
A, a
Aa, Bb
17. The female albino (trait is inherited on autosomal recessive
type), who has normal blood clotting and I (O) blood type, ad-
dressed in genetic consultation. What of the listed genotypes is
the most probable for this woman?
H h
AA ii X X
H H
+ aa ii X X
A H H
Aa I i X X
A A h h
aa I I X X
A B H H
AA I I X X
18. The part of erythrocytes of the man has crescent shape; he
did not know about it before conscription. HbS hemoglobin was
found in his blood along with HbA hemoglobin. What type of in-
teraction of genes is characteristic of this pathology?
Codominance
+ Incomplete dominance
Complementarity
Complete dominance
Overdominance
19. At parents with what genotypes children with all blood types
of ABO system can be born?
I I I i
I i I I
I i I I
+I i I i
ii I I
20. Brown eyes of man is dominant trait, blue eyes is recessive
trait. The blue-eyed man, which parents had brown eyes, married
the brown-eyed woman, whose father had blue eyes and mother
had brown eyes. What the most exact ratio can be present in
their children?
1:2:1 in genotype
3:1 in phenotype
2:1 in phenotype
1:2:1 on in phenotype
+ 1:1 in genotype
21. Significant role in human pathology belongs to so-called phe-
nocopies, which resemble genetically caused changes on the
manifestation and are caused by an adverse effect of any factors.
At what stage phenocopies arise?
During spermatogenesis in the father
During oogenesis in the mother
During fertilization
At the time of delivery
+ During implementation of genetic information
22. The phenomenon of interaction of polymeric genes, as one of
kinds of interaction of nonallelic genes, consists in dependence of
the degree of trait manifestation on different dominant genes.
What of the genotypes given below best of all corresponds to in-
teraction of polygenes?
AaBbcc
AABBCC
Aabbcc
+ A1A1A2A2a3a3
AaBbCc
23. The child's father is Rh-positive with the second blood type
and homozygous, mother is Rh-negative with the first blood type.
What phenotypes and genotypes can be present in children?
Homozygous Rh-negative with the first blood type
+ Heterozygous Rh-positive with the second blood type
Homozygous Rh-positive with the second blood type
Homozygous Rh-negative with the second blood type
Heterozygous Rh-positive with the first blood type
24. Albinism is inherited as autosomal recessive trait. Albino child
was born in a family where both parents are healthy. What is the
probability of the birth of the normal child?
25%
100%
+ 75%
10%
50%
25. Two boys were mixed in maternity hospital. Parents of one of
them had I and IV blood types, parents of the second had II and
IV blood types. Investigations showed that children have I and IV
blood types. The forensic medical examination established that
one of boys is the extramarital. What genotypes parents of the
child with I blood type should have?
A O
I I I I
O B
I I I I
A B
I I I I
O O O
+I I I I
O O B
I I I I
26. Red hairs is recessive trait, black hairs is dominant trait. At
what marriages children with red hairs will be born with probabil-
ity of 25%?
aa aa
Aa aa
AA AA
AA aa
+ Aa Aa
27. Normal pigmentation of human skin (C) dominates over albi-
nism (c); existence of freckles (Р) dominates over their absence

(p). Define probability of the birth of the children similar to par-
ents if the father and mother are diheterozygous:
1
/16
2
/16
3
/16
6
/16
9
+ /16
28. X-linked recessive lethal gene causes resorption of human
embryo at early stages of development. What of possible zygotes
that is the carrier of such gene is not capable to develop?
None
a
Y
+ Y
A
29. Inclination to diabetes mellitus is provoked by the autosomal

recessive gene. This gene becomes apparent only in 30% of ho-
mozygous individuals. What genetic regularity is observed in this
case?
Discontinuity
Complementarity
Gene expressiveness
+ Incomplete penetrance
Pleiotropy
30. Healthy young spouses have the son with hemophilia. The
grandfather on the mother's side is sick with hemophilia. What
are genotypes of parents?
H H H
X X ,X Y
H h h
X X,X Y
H H h
X X ,X Y
H h H
+X X ,X Y
h h H
XX ,X Y
31. The children's form of amaurotic familial idiocy (Tay–Sachs
disease) is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and ends
with death until 4–5 years. The first child in a family died of this
disease when the second had to be born. What is the probability
that the second child will have the same disease?
0%
100%
50%
+ 25%
75%
32. The daughter of the color-blind man marries the son of other
color-blind man, and these spouses distinguish colors normally.
What is the greatest probability of appearance of daltonism in
their children?
+ 25%
100%
50%
0%
75%
33. Healthy parents have a son with phenylketonuria 1, but owing
to a special diet he has normal development. What type of varia-
bility is his normal development connected with?
Mutational variability
Combinative variability
+ Modificative variability
Genotype variability
Inherited variability
34. Father suffers from migraine (dominant trait), and mother is
healthy. Father has normal hearing, mother also is normal, but
she has recessive allele of deafness. What is the probability of the
birth of children with both diseases if the father is heterozygous
on both genes?
1
+ /8
2
/8
3
/8
4
/8
8
/8
35. The bud appeared from a plant cell in which the mutation oc-
curred, and then shoot with new properties was formed. At what
reproduction new properties will be inherited by descendants?
Sexual with fertilization
Sexual without fertilization
Budding
+ Vegetative
Spore formation
36. One of parents of healthy husband has diabetes, and both
parents of wife are sick. What percent of children will be similar
1
There is a mistake in this question in the book Collec ion of asks incorrect phrase
"Parents with normal health have an ill with phenylketonuria son" is used in this book.
phenotypically to the father if this disease is known to be reces-

sive?
+ 50%
25%
100%
75%
0%
37. In a large family, there are four sons and three daughters who
differ phenotypically from each other on many traits. This results
from the fact that different combinations of chromosomes get to
each gamete during the process of gametogenesis in parents. At
what stage of meiosis it happens?
Metaphase of meiosis I
+ Anaphase of meiosis I
Anaphase of meiosis II
Prophase of meiosis I
Prophase of meiosis II
38. What is the probability of the birth of the boy in a family,
where mother is the carrier of recessive lethal allele that is sex-
linked and causes death of an embryo at early stages of devel-
opment?
1
/4
1
+ /3
2
/3
1
/2
3
/4
39. As a result of iodine deficiency in foodstuff, Transcarpathian
people often have endemic goiter. What form of variation is the
cornerstone of this disease?
Mutational
Combinational
+ Modification
1
Hereditary
Genotypical
40. Synthesis of interferon (the protein) in human cells is deter-
mined by complementary interaction of dominant alleles of differ-
ent genes A and B. Ability to form interferon in one of parents is
inhibited due to lack of gene B; the second parent is healthy and
all his relatives are healthy too. What is the probability of appear-
1
Another variant is "ontogenetic".
ance of healthy progeny?

0%
+ 100%
25%
75%
50%
41. Deafness can be caused by different recessive alleles "a" and
"b", which are located in different pairs of chromosomes. The
deaf man with aaBB genotype married the deaf woman with AAbb
genotype. Four children was born in this family. How many from
them were deaf?
+ None
Two
Four
One
Three
42. Pigmentation of human skin is controlled by several pairs of
genes, which are not linked and interact as additive polymeric
genes. The person with genotype a1a1a2a2a3a3 will have such
pigmentation of skin:
an albino (pigmentation is absent)
black (Negroid)
yellow (Mongoloid)
+ white (Caucasian)
brown (mulatto)
43. The young man from the Central Africa arrived to Ukraine to
get the higher medical education. He suffers from easy form of
sickle-cell anemia. On the third year of training, he married the
Ukrainian girl who was healthy on this trait. They gave birth to
the daughter. What is the highest probability that this child will be
sick (gene of sickle-cell anemia is inherited as incompletely domi-
nant)?
0%
+ 50%
25%
100%
75%
44. Two organisms are crossed. One of them is heterozygous on a
dominant gene, and the second is homozygous on a recessive
gene. What is this crossing?
Complementary
Dihybrid
+ Analyzing
Not linked
Polyhybrid
45. Four blood types of ABO system in human are defined by in-
teraction of three genes of one locus: i, IA, and IB. How many
genotypes and phenotypes they form?
Three genotypes and three phenotypes
Three genotypes and four phenotypes
Four genotypes and four phenotypes
+ Six genotypes and four phenotypes
Six genotypes and six phenotypes
46. In human population of the city N, among all people who has
dominant gene of schizophrenia, 35% have an apparent clinical
picture. This characteristic of a gene is called:
+ penetrance
stability
expressivity
specificity
mutability
47. In numerous experiments, homozygous or heterozygous or-
ganisms are crossed between themselves. Then quantitative
manifestations of traits are analyzed in progeny. Define, what the
method is used:
genealogical
cytogenetic
selective
+ hybrid
population-statistical
48. There is a unicellular organism, which is characterized by a
set of chromosomes 2n=8 and breeds in the asexual way. Genetic
variety of individuals in population will make (without mutations):
+ 1 type
8 types
128 types
32 types
256 types
49. IV blood type was revealed in the donor. Phenotypically it is
characterized by existence of:
antigens A and antibodies beta
antigens B and antibodies alpha
+ antigens A and B
antigens A and antibodies alpha
antibodies alpha and beta
50. Owing to viral infection, one person had changes of a pheno-
type, which are similar to mutations, but did not change a geno-
type. This phenomenon is called:
+ phenocopy
mutation
recombination
genocopy
long modification
51. In a family, there were 7 healthy children who were born at
different times. They differ phenotypically. Their differences are
caused by:
penetrance
+ combinational variation
frequency of occurrence of a dominant gene
different karyotypes
frequency of occurrence of a recessive gene
52. The mass of the man is controlled by several pairs of genes
that are not linked. The more dominant genes in a genotype, the
more body weight of the man. It is an example of:
monogenic inheritance
overdominance
+ interaction of polymeric genes
epistasis
complete dominance
53. Blood types of Rh system in man are defined by interaction of
two alleles of one gene. These alleles form and define:
three genotypes and four phenotypes
four genotypes and two phenotypes
six genotypes and four phenotypes
six genotypes and six phenotypes
+ three genotypes and two phenotypes
54. Choose an autosomal recessive trait of the man among listed
below:
right-handedness
polydactyly
pigmentation of skin
hemophilia
+ blood type I of ABO system
55. The monocellular parasite with a set of chromosomes 2n=24,

which breeds by schizogony, is studied. A genetic variety of indi-
viduals in population will make (without mutations):
+ 1 type
256 types
24 types
128 types
32 types
56. A family of students who have arrived from Africa gave birth
to a child with anemia signs. The child has died shortly after. Ex-
amination has revealed that the child's erythrocytes have abnor-
mal semilunar shape. Specify genotypes of the child's parents: 1
aa aa
Aa aa
Aa AA
AA AA
+ Aa Aa
57. A husband is a homozygote by a dominant gene which causes
polydactyly. His wife is a healthy homozygote by recessive allele
of this gene. Which of the below mentioned genetic regularities
can be apparent in their children as for their having polydactyly?
The law of segregation
2
+ The law of dominance
The law of independent assortment
Linkage of genes
Sex-linked inheritance
58. The husband is brown-eyed and homozygous on a dominant
gene, and the wife is blue-eyed. Such regularity will be shown in
their children as:
independent inheritance
hypothesis of purity of gametes
segregation of hybrids
linked inheritance
+ uniformity of hybrids of the first generation
59. Human skin color is controlled by several pairs of genes,
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: In a family of students
from Africa a child with signs of anemia was born. The child died within a short time. It was
found that the child's erythrocytes were shaped like a sickle. What genotypes may the parents
have if they have a light form of anemia?
2
There is a mistake in this question in the book Collec ion of asks incorrect word com-
bination "The law of unit characters" is used in this book.
which are not linked and interact as additive polygenes. What

skin pigmentation will be present in the man with genotype
A1A1A2A2A3A3?
Yellow (Mongoloid)
White (Caucasian)
Brown (mulatto)
+ Black (Negroid)
An albino (pigmentation is absent)
60. Human height is controlled by several pairs of genes that are
not linked; very small men are dominant homozygotes, and vary
tall men are recessive homozygotes. What type this phenomenon
belongs to?
+ Interaction of polymeric genes
Pleiotropy
Codominance
Overdominance
Complementarity
61. Spouses gave birth to the child with bright blue eyes. In some
months, color of an iris of the eye changed and became greenish-
gray. Parents consulted the pediatrician, suspecting possibility of
pathology, but the doctor calmed them; he explained that this is:
consequence of changing of feeding of the baby from maternal milk to dairy
mixes
result of teething
+ manifestation of norm of reaction of appropriate genes
the phenomenon inherited from one of parents
usual feature of the period of ontogenesis
62. The intensity of human skin pigmentation is controlled by a
few pairs of nonallelic dominant genes. It was found that if the
quantity of the genes increases, the pigmentation becomes more
intensive. What do we call this type of interaction of these genes?
Epistasis
Pleiotropy
+ Polymery
Codominance
Complementary
63. The same genotype in a human can cause the development of
a feature with different degrees of manifestation that depends on
the interaction of this gene with the others and on the influence
of environmental conditions. What do we call the degree of phe-
notypic manifestation of the character controlled by a definite
gene?
Inheritance
Penetrance
1
+ Gene expression
Mutation
Polymery
64. At what blood types of parents on Rhesus factor system, Rhe-
sus factor incompatibility is possible during pregnancy?
+ +
Wife is Rh (homozygote), husband is Rh (homozygote)
+ +
Wife is Rh (heterozygote), husband is Rh (heterozygote)
- +
+ Wife is rh , husband is Rh (homozygote)
- -
Wife is rh , husband is rh
+ +
Wife is Rh (heterozygote), husband is Rh (homozygote)
65. Chromosome aberrations and changes of chromosome num-
ber can arise at different stages of individual development. What
can be the reason that the organism, which can be called a full
mutant, was formed?
+ Mutant gametes of parents
Mutant gametes of father
Mutant gametes of mother
Gametes of parents the normal
Wrong second division of zygote
66. Children with normal hearing have been born by deaf and
dumb parents with the genotype DDee and ddEE. What is the
form of gene interaction between the genes D and E?
+ Complementarity
Complete dominance
Epistasis
Polymery
Codominance
67. Some clinically healthy people can feel anemia symptoms in
the conditions of high mountains. Blood test can reveal sickle-
shaped erythrocytes. What is the genotype of such people?
c c
XX
aa
AA
+ Aa
c 2
XY
1
This answer (in the book Collec ion of asks ) is not good. The answer "expressivity" is
better.
2 C c C
Other possible answers: X X , X Y.
68. The woman who needs in urgent blood transfusion got to hos-
pital. Analysis showed that the woman has I blood type, rh-.
What blood type and Rhesus factor her husband should have that
her son could become a donor for her?
+ I (O) rh
Any
+
IV (AB) rh
Correct answer is not present
-
IV (AB) rh
69. One of the parents is suspected of having phenylketonuria re-
cessive gene. What is the risk of giving birth to a child with inborn
phenylketonuria?
50%
+ 0%
100%
25%
75%
70. It is known that the gene responsible for development of
blood groups according to ABO system has three allelic variants.
If a man has IV blood group, it can be explained by the following
variability form:
phenocopy
phenotypic
genocopy
mutational
+ combinative
71. Spouses, where the wife has normal structure of a hand and
the husband has polydactyly, consulted a doctor with such ques-
tion: whether inheritance of this anomaly by their future child is
possible, if their first child has normal structure of a hand? The
gene of polydactyly is known to be dominant. What is the proba-
bility of the birth of the six-fingered child at these spouses?
25%
75%
0%
100%
+ 50%
72. Rhesus incompatibility occurs during transfusion to the recipi-
ent of Rh-positive blood of the same group on ABO system if
blood of this recipient:
contains agglutinogen A
is Rh-positive
contains beta agglutinin
contains agglutinogen B
+ contains no Rh factor
73. Woman applied to the medico-genetic consulting centre for in-
formation about the risk of haemophilia in her son. Her husband
has been suffering from this disease since birth. Woman and her
parents are healthy (don't have haemophilia). Is the boy likely to
have the disease in this family?
25% of the boys will be ill
All boys will be ill
+ All boys will be healthy
74. Changes of chemical structure of a gene can appear in its dif-
ferent sites. If such changes are compatible to life, i.e. do not
lead to death of organisms, they remain in gene pool of the spe-
cies. How different variants of one gene are called?
Genocopies
Phenocopies
+ Multiple alleles
Plasmids
Cistrons
75. Phenylketonuria that, as a rule, leads to death at six-month
age is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Achievements of
modern medicine allow to prevent serious consequences of dis-
turbance of phenylalanine metabolism. The woman, who was
cured of phenylketonuria, married the healthy man. Define the
highest probability of the birth of the viable child with phenylke-
tonuria in this family:
6.25%
18.75%
25%
+ 50%
100%
76. Mutagenic factors can have specific form of influence. For ex-
ample, acridines induce shift of reading frame due to inserts or
losses of nucleotides. How the mutations associated with increase
or reduction of genetic material are called?
Genocopies and phenocopies
Leading and lagging behind
+ Duplications and deletions

Spontaneous and induced
Hereditary and nonheritable
77. There are two children in a family. The daughter has O blood
type, the son has AB blood type. What genotypes their parents
have?
+I i I i
A B B
I I I I
A B B B
I I I I
A A
ii I I
B
ii I I
78. A woman with O (I) blood group has born a child with AB
blood group. Woman's husband has A blood group. What genetic
interaction explains this phenomenon?
+ Recessive epistasis
Polymery
Complementation
Codominance
79. A number of mechanisms (for example, endomitosis), which
increase amount of hereditary material and intensity of metabo-
lism in cells with keeping constant number of cells, evolves from
mitotic cycle. What are these mutations?
Chromosome mutations
Genomic generative mutations
+ Genomic somatic mutations
Heteroploidy
Gametopathy
80. A couple came for medical genetic counseling. The man has
hemophilia, the woman is healthy and there were no cases of
hemophilia in her family. What is the risk of having a sick child in
this family?
25%
+ 0%
100%
75%
50%
81. Lack of sweat glands in man is coded by the recessive gene
localized in the X chromosome. Future spouses addressed to ge-
netic consultation: the healthy young man marries the girl whose
father suffered from lack of sweat glands, and mother and her
relatives were healthy. What is the probability of manifestation of

this trait in sons from this marriage?
0%
25%
+ 50%
75%
100%
82. The mutation – inversion of one of chromosomes – takes
place in the patient owing to pathogenic influence of the ionizing
radiation. How the pathogenic factor, which led to such pathologi-
cal changes, is called?
Chemical mutagen
Carcinogen
+ Physical mutagen
Biological mutagen
Virus
83. The father has alkaptonuria, mother is homozygous on the
normal gene. The probability of appearing of alkaptonuria in chil-
dren makes:
75%
100%
25%
+ 0%
50%
84. Heterozygous father has astigmatism; mother is healthy. The
probability of appearance of astigmatism in children makes:
75%
25%
0%
100%
+ 50%
85. Disturbance of intellectual development was revealed in the
child with Rett syndrome. Geneticists established that the essen-
tial role in pathogenesis of this syndrome belongs to morpho-
functional changes of mitochondria. What type of heredity has
caused this pathology?
Chromosomal
Plasmid
Nuclear
Plastid
+ Cytoplasmatic
86. The father of the pregnant woman has hemeralopia, which is

inherited as the recessive X-linked trait. This disease did not hap-
pen among the husband's relatives. What is the probability that
the born child will have hemeralopia if it was established that fe-
tus is a male?
+ 50%
0%
25%
100%
75%
87. Phenylketonuria is inherited on autosomal recessive type. At
what genotypes of phenotypically healthy wife and husband, the
child with phenylketonuria can be born?
AA and AA
+ Aa and Aa
AA and Aa
Aa and aa
aa and aa
88. Violation of formation of collagenic fibers is the cornerstone of
a number of hereditary diseases. Formation of collagenic fibers is
broken also at deficiency of vitamin C in an organism. How traits,
which are caused by environmental factors and resemble heredi-
tarily traits, are called?
Mobile genetic elements
Plasmids
Suppressors
Genocopies
+ Phenocopies
89. The woman with Rh-negative blood of III group gave birth to
the child with IV blood type who had hemolytic disease of new-
borns owing to rhesus incompatibility. What genotype on a blood
type and Rhesus factor is the most probable at the father?
I0I0Rr
IAI0rr
+ IAIARR
IAIArr
IBIBRr
90. Healthy girl was born at the parents sick with hemoglobinopa-
thy (autosomal dominant type of inheritance). What are geno-
types of parents?
Mother is heterozygous on the gene of hemoglobinopathy, father has no
this gene
Father is heterozygous on the gene of hemoglobinopathy, mother has no
this gene
+ Both are heterozygous on the gene of hemoglobinopathy
Both are homozygous on the gene of hemoglobinopathy
Both parents have no gene of hemoglobinopathy
91. The family has the child with blood type O (I). What are pos-
sible genotypes of parents of this child?
+ IAi and IBi
IAIA and ii
IAIB and ii
IAIB and IAi
IAi and IBIB
92. There are two healthy children in a family, and the third was
born with phenylketonuria which is inherited on autosomal reces-
sive type. What is the probability of the birth of the child with
PKU in this family?
1
/2
1
/3
1
+ /4
1
/6
3
/4
93. Celiac disease is inherited on autosomal recessive type.
Treatment consists in withdrawal of cooked cereals and bread,
which contain gliadin, from a diet of children. What form of varia-
tion is caused by treatment of the child with celiac disease by
means of withdrawal certain products from a diet?
+ Phenotypic
Combinational
Gene
Chromosomal
Genomic
94. Violation of chromosome disjunction or change of their struc-
ture during cleavage of a zygote leads to appearance of cellular
clones with different karyotypes among normal blastomeres. How
this phenomenon is called correctly?
Chromosome aberration
Aneuploidy
Polyploidy
+ Genetic mosaic
Gene mutation
95. The molecule of hemoglobin consists of two chains and two

chains. Genes coding both chains are located in different pairs
of homologous chromosomes. What type of interaction exists be-
tween these genes?
Epistasis
Polygenic inheritance
Codominance
Complete dominance
+ Complementarity
96. The deaf child was born in the woman who had German mea-
sles during pregnancy. This disease is a consequence of:
chromosome aberration
+ modification variation
gene mutation
genomic mutation
combinational variation
97. The husband has IV (AB) blood type, and wife has III (B)
blood type. The wife's father has I (O) blood type. They gave
birth to 5 children. Choose a genotype of the child who can be
considered illegitimate:
IAIB
+ ii
IBIB
IAi
IBi
98. Hartnup1 disease is caused by point mutation of only one
gene, which results in disturbance of tryptophane absorption in
the intestine and its abnormal reabsorption in the renal tubules.
It is the reason for disorder of both digestive and urination sys-
tems. What genetic phenomenon is observed in this case?
+ Pleiotropy
2
Semidominance
Complementary interaction
Codominance
Polymery
99. A boy has I (I0I0) blood group and his sister has IV (IAIB)
blood group. What blood groups do their parents have?
1
During exam in 2009 (among students studying stomatology), incorrect name "Hurtnup" was
used.
2
Incomplete dominance.
A 0 B 0
+ II (I I ) and III (I I )
A A B 0
II (I I ) and III (I I )
0 0 B 0
I (I I ) and III (I I )
0 0 A B
I (I I ) and IV (I I )
B 0 A B
III (I I ) and IV (I I )
100. Cystinuria in humans shows itself in form of cystine stones in
kidneys (homozygotes) or else an increased rate of cystine in
urine (heterozygotes). Cystinuria is a monogenic disease. Specify
the type of interaction between cystinuria genes and normal rate
of cystine in urine:
Complete dominance
+ Semidominance
Codominance
Complementarity
Epistasis
101. Features of inheritance of blood types in man in the case of
"Bombay phenomenon" are caused by recessive epistasis. What
genotype the man with blood type I can have?
I I HH
B B
I I HH
A 0
I I Hh
0
I I Hh
A B
+ I I hh
102. Five married couples addressed to clinic for women. They
want to know, whether there is a threat of development of hemo-
lytic disease in their children. In what case the risk of developing
of rhesus incompatibility is the highest?
Wife is DD (first pregnancy); husband is Dd
Wife is Dd (second pregnancy); husband is Dd
Wife is Dd (third pregnancy); husband is DD
+ Wife is dd (second pregnancy); husband is DD
Wife is dd (third pregnancy); husband is dd
103. The child, who is sick with sickle-cell anemia, has some
pathological signs: anemia, increased spleen, damages of skin,
heart, kidneys, and brain. How multiple action of one gene is
called?
Complementarity
+ Pleiotropy
Codominance
Epistasis
104. In the case when one of parents has blood type O, and the
other has AB, the child can have a blood type:
O, AB
AB
O, AB, A, B
+ A, B
O, A, B
105. The young couple gave birth to the child with different color
of the right and left eyes. How this phenomenon is called?
Chromosome aberration
+ Somatic mutation
Heteroploidy
Modification variation
Combinational variation
106. It is known that the gene responsible for development of an
abnormal shape of teeth is dominant and is not sex-linked. The
sick guy has big teeth which project forward. The brother and the
sister of this guy have teeth of usual form and position. What var-
iation is observed in this family?
Ontogenetic
+ Combinational
Modification
Mutational
Cytoplasmatic
107. Rh-positive heterozygous woman with IV (AB) blood type and
Rh-negative homozygous man with II (A) blood type (antigenic
ABO system) get married. What is the probability of the birth of
Rh-positive child with III (B) blood type in this family?
+ 0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
108. At what interaction of genes the inhibitory gene only inhibits
action of other gene and does not determine development of a
certain trait?
Dominance
+ Epistasis
Codominance
Complementarity
109. Hypoplasia of enamel is inherited as the dominant X-linked

trait. In a family, mother suffers from this anomaly and father is
healthy. What is the probability of the birth of the son with nor-
mal teeth?
0%
+ 25%
50%
75%
100%
110. The woman with Rh-negative blood of II group gave birth to
the child with IV group for whom hemolytic disease was diag-
nosed owing to rhesus incompatibility. What blood type is possi-
ble for the child's father?
I (O), Rh-positive
II (A), Rh-positive
IV (AB), Rh-negative
III (B), Rh-negative
+ III (B), Rh-positive
111. There are two dominant genes in human X chromosome,
which take part in blood clotting. The same role is also carried out
by an autosomal dominant gene. Lack of any of these genes leads
to hemophilia. Name a form of interaction between three genes.
+ Complementarity
Epistasis
Codominance
Pleiotropy
112. Symptoms of anemia were observed in clinically healthy thir-
ty-year-old woman when she climbed Goverla mountain
(Ukraine). During carrying out the general blood test, crescent
erythrocytes along with normal red cells were revealed. What is
genotype of this woman?
AA
aa
+ Aa
A A
X X
a a
XX
113. An 18-year-old male has been diagnosed with Marfan syn-
drome. Examination revealed a developmental disorder of con-
nective tissue and eye lens structure, abnormalities of the cardio-
vascular system, arachnodactylia. What genetic phenomenon
does this disease illustrate?

Codominance
Complementarity
+ Pleiotropy
Multiple allelism
114. A woman with III (B) rh– blood group gave birth to a child
with II (A) blood group. The child is diagnosed with hemolytic
disease of newborn caused by rhesus incompatibility. What blood
group can the child's father have?
+
I (O), Rh
I (O), rh
II (A), rh
+
+ II (A), Rh
+
III (B), Rh
115. In the process of cell division, the approaching of homological
chromosomes happened; as a result of this event, parental and
maternal chromosomes exchanged allelic genes. How the process
of recombination of genetic material at the gene level, which
along with other types of variation provides a variety of the or-
ganic world, is called?
Conjugation
+ Crossing-over
Copulation
Diakinesis
Cytokinesis
116. Father is Rh-negative. Mother is Rh-positive. She gave birth
to the Rh-positive child. Whether the hemolytic disease, as a re-
sult of rhesus incompatibility, can develop in this family?
+ No, it cannot
Only in the child
Only in mother
Only in father
In father and the child
117. Genes of a locus L, which are responsible for development of
blood types in MN system, give three genotypes and also three
phenotypes. With what phenomenon it is possible to explain ap-
pearance in man of MN blood type?
+ Combinational variation
Mutational variation
Genocopy
Phenocopy
Modification variation
118. Mother has II blood type, and father has IV blood type of
ABO system. Father and mother are Rh-positive, and both grand-
fathers are Rh-negative. What blood type is impossible in their
children?
The second
The third
Rh-negative
+ The first
The fourth
119. What type of regulation of sex by means of sex chromo-
somes is characteristic for man?
XO type
ZW type
ZO type
+ XY type
WO type
120. Rh-negative woman with IV (AB) blood type and Rh-negative
man with I (O) blood type (antigenic ABO system) get married.
What is the probability of the birth of Rh-negative homozygous
child with III (B) blood type in this family?
25%
+ 0%
100%
50%
75%
121. Four blood types of ABO system are determined by inher-
itance of three alleles of one gene (IO, IA, IB). Alleles of IA and IB
in heterozygotes define the fourth group. Name a form of interac-
tion between genes, which takes place in the case of inheritance
of the fourth blood type.
+ Codominance
Complete dominance
1
Overdominance
Epistasis
122. During a surgery, there was a need of massive blood transfu-
sion. Blood type of injured person is III (B) Rh +. What donor
1
Another possible incorrect answer is "Complementarity".
needs to be chosen?
+
IV (AB) Rh
-
IV (AB) rh
+
II (A) Rh
-
+ III (B) rh
-
I (0) rh
123. Let us assume that one pair of alleles controls development
of crystalline lens, and the second pair – development of retina.
In this case, normal sight will be result of interaction of genes
which is called:
incomplete dominance
codominance
polymerism
+ complementation
overdominance
124. In what of the given cases, danger for the patient can arise
during blood transfusion?
+
Rh recipient will receive Rh blood
+
+ Rh recipient will receive Rh blood
+ +
In none of the listed cases
125. Environmental factors can cause changes of phenotype,
which copy the traits of another genotype. Such changes are
shown with high frequency at certain (critical) stages of ontogen-
esis and are not inherited. What name such changes have?
Modifications
Long modifications
Mutations
Genocopies
+ Phenocopies
126. The child was born in heterozygous parents with II (A) and
III (B) blood types according to the ABO system. What is the
probability that the child has I (O) blood group?
100%
75%
0%
+ 25%
50%
127. A wide cleft between incisors of both mother and father is the
dominant feature. They are both homozygous. What genetic
regularity will their children have?

+ Uniformity of first generation hybrids
Hybrid segregation by phenotype
Independent inheritance of traits
Non-linked inheritance
Linked inheritance
128. Secretion of breast milk at women is caused by polymeric
genes, and the amount of milk increases with increase in number
of dominant alleles of these genes in the woman's genotype.
What genotype the woman in labor with lack of milk can have?
m1m1M2m2
M1m1M2m2
M1M1m2m2
M1m1m2m2
+ m1m1m2m2
129. Alcaptonuria1 is inherited as an autosomal recessive feature.
Parents with a normal phenotype have a baby with alcaptonuria.
What genotype do parents have?
aa and aa
AA and AA
AA and Aa
Aa and aa
+ Aa and Aa
130. Phenylketonuria is the disease caused by recessive gene,
which is localized in an autosome. Parents are heterozygous for
this gene. They already have two sick sons and one healthy
daughter. What is the probability that the fourth expected child
also will be born sick?
0%
+ 25%
50%
75%
100%
131. Parents with a normal phenotype gave birth to an albino child
(the feature that is inherited by the autosomal recessive type).
What genotype do the parents have?
AA and aa
AA and AA
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , another similar question is also present: Galactosemia is
an autosomal recessive character. What genotypes may healthy parents have if their baby has
galactosemia?
AA and Aa
+ Aa and Aa
aa and aa
132. The boy has large fissure between cutters. It is known that
the gene that is responsible for development of such anomaly is
dominant. The sister of this boy has teeth of usual position. This
girl according to her genotype will be:
diheterozygote
dominant homozygote
heterozygote
+ recessive homozygote
triheterozygote
133. The man with color blindness addressed to genetic consulta-
tion. It is X-linked recessive trait. What is the probability of ap-
pearance of color-blind children in his family, if such allele is ab-
sent in the genotype of his wife?
75%
50%
100%
25%
+ 0%
134. One of variants of coloring of tooth enamel in men is defined
by interaction of two allelic genes as incomplete dominance.
These genes form and define:
three genotypes and four phenotypes
four genotypes and four phenotypes
six genotypes and four phenotypes
+ three genotypes and three phenotypes
six genotypes and six phenotypes
135. Formation in human cells of interferon, which is a protein
produced for protection against viruses, is associated with inter-
action of genes. What of the listed types of gene interaction caus-
es synthesis of interferon?
+ Complementary action
Complete dominance
Interaction of polygenes
Codominance
Epistasis
136. It is known that the gene responsible for the development of
the MN blood groups has two allelic states. If the gene M is con-
sidered as the initial gene, the allelic gene N appeared due to:
DNA repair
DNA replication
crossing over
gene combination
+ mutation
137. One of variants of coloring of tooth enamel in men is defined
by interaction of two allelic genes as incomplete domination. How
many phenotypes are defined by these genes?
Two
Four
Five
+ Three
Six
138. Examination of newborns in one of the Ukrainian cities re-
vealed a baby with phenylketonuria. The baby's parents don't suf-
fer from this disease and have two other healthy children. Specify
the most likely parents' genotype with phenylketonuria gene:
AA aa
Aa AA
Aa aa
+ Aa Aa
aa aa
139. A woman was infected with rubella virus during pregnancy1.
The child was born with developmental malformations, namely
cleft lip and palate. The child's genotype is normal. These mal-
formations are manifestation of:
polyploidy
+ modification variability
combinative variability
chromosomal mutation
aneuploidy
140. An underage patient has signs of achondroplasia (dwarfism).
It is known that this is a monogenic disease and the gene that is
responsible for the development of such abnormalities is a domi-
nant one. The development of that child's brother is normal.
Specify the genotype of the healthy child:
AaBb
AABB
Aa
1
Another possible variant: "A female suffered rubella during pregnancy.".
+ aa
AA
141. The antigen A, which is controlled by IA allele, and the anti-
gen B, which is a product of expression of IB allele, are present at
the same time in erythrocytes of the person with the fourth blood
group (IAIB genotype). What example of gene interaction this
phenomenon represents?
1
2
Polymerism
Epistasis
+ Codominance
Complementarity
142. If a trait is determined mostly by genetic factors, the per-
centage of concordance between the twins is much higher in
monozygotic twins than in dizygotic ones. What is the percentage
of blood group concordance in monozygotic twins?
+ 100%
75%
50%
25%
0%
143. Parents are deaf-mute, but deafness of the wife depends on
an autosomal recessive gene and in the husband arises owing to
long reception of antibiotics in the childhood. What probability of
the birth of the deaf child in this family, if the father is homozy-
gous on the allele of normal hearing?
25%
100%
50%
75%
+ 0%
1
Or semidominance.
2
Or polymery.
MOLECULAR GENETICS
1. During the biochemical analysis of human cells, DNA that dif-
fers in its structure from chromosomal DNA was received. This
nucleic acid was received from:
ribosomes
Golgi complex
smooth endoplasmic network
+ mitochondria
lysosomes
2. Solution of radioactively labelled leucine was added to nutrient
medium where cells of animals are grown up. After a while, high
concentration of this labelled amino acid was found by radioau-
tography method near certain organoids. These organoids can be:
smooth endoplasmic network
Golgi apparatus
cell center
+ ribosomes
lysosomes
3. Under the influence of mutagen, the composition of some tri-
plets in a gene was changed but the cell continued the synthesis
of the same protein. What characteristics of the genetic code can
it be connected with?
Specificity
Universality
Triplet nature
+ Degeneracy
1
Collinearity
4. Spiralization of chromosomes has great biological value, as:
reactions of transcription are accelerated
activization of DNA occurs
+ process of chromatid disjunction is facilitated
DNA inactivation occurs
reactions of transcription are slowed down
5. Part of the DNA chain turned 180 degrees as a result of gam-
ma radiation. What type of mutation took place in the DNA chain?
+ Inversion
Deletion
Translocation
1
or colinearity.
Doubling
Replication
6. Human cells were influenced by ultraviolet radiation, and as a
consequence of this the DNA molecules had been changed 1. Nev-
ertheless, by means of specific enzymes the DNA structure was
renewed. What do we call this phenomenon?
Replication
2
Translation
+ Repair
3
Reverse transcription
4
Transcription
7. Process of translation has a direct bearing on mechanisms of
implementation of hereditary information – on gene expression.
The beginning of this process in prokaryotes is associated with
binding of specific amino acid to the peptide center of ribosome.
What of the listed below amino acids is the first in a molecule of
the synthesized protein?
Methionine
Arginine
+ Formylmethionine
Lysine
Proline
8. It was proved that a molecule of immature mRNA (precursor
mRNA) contained more triplets than amino acids found in the
synthesized protein. The reason for that is that translation is
normally preceded by:
initiation
replication
+ processing
repair
mutation
1
In the book "Collec ion of asks ", the word "destroyed" is used (this is a mistake). During
exam in 2016, such question was present: "Cells of a person working in the Chornobyl Exclu-
sive Zone have undergone a mutation in DNA molecule. However, with time the damaged in-
terval of DNA molecule has been restored to its initial structure with a specific enzyme. In this
case the following occurred: ". This question is bad. First, the term "damaged fragment" is
correct, but "damaged interval" is vary bad translation from Ukrainian or Russian. Second, if
mutation has occurred, it can NOT be repaired because no enzymes can recognize a muta-
tion. Only reverse mutations can restore previous phenotype.
2
Another possible answer: duplication.
3
Another possible answer: initiation.
4
Another possible answer: termination.
9. Sickle-cell anemia is caused by mutation of the gene that is re-

sponsible for synthesis of protein part of hemoglobin. In this
case, polar amino acid is replaced by nonpolar that leads to re-
duction of solubility of hemoglobin and changing of erythrocyte
shape. Specify, what replacement takes place in the hemoglobin
molecule:
alanine into phenylalanine
glutamic acid into aspartic acid
valine into serine
+ glutamic acid into valine
glutamic acid into lysine
10. Chargaff's rule indicates an equal ratio of the purine and py-
rimidine nitrogenous bases, which are the part of DNA molecules
of any organism. The ratio between the sums of the complemen-
tary bases (A+T)/(G+C) indicates:
amount of the proteins encoded in DNA
phylogenetic relations of an organism
size of DNA molecule
+ species of an organism
mutation degree
11. Changes of nucleotides are observed in DNA molecule. What
consequences it can lead to?
Anomalies of autosomes
Chromosomal diseases
Anomalies of sex chromosomes
Translocations
+ Gene diseases
12. As a result of radiation influence on sequence of nucleotides in
DNA, two nucleotides are lost. What of the listed types of muta-
tions happened in DNA chain?
Inversion
+ Deletion
Duplication
Replication
Translocation
13. Hereditary disease – xeroderma pigmentosum – was revealed
in the patient. Malignant tumors were formed on skin. What is the
nature of this disease?
Activity of cardiovascular system is broken
+ Light repair of thymine dimers is disturbed
Thymine dimers are formed with high frequency
Methylation of purines occurs frequently

Melanin metabolism is disturbed
14. What structural and chemical components take part in transla-
tion?
Ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA, ATP, nucleotides, enzymes
Ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA, AMP, amino acids, enzymes
Ribosomes, pre-RNA, tRNA, ATP, lipids, enzymes
+ Ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA, ATP, amino acids, enzymes
Ribosomes, pre-RNA, tRNA, ATP, amino acids, enzymes
15. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the carrier of genetic infor-
mation; its structural monomers are:
+ mononucleotides
amino acids
nucleosides
deoxyribose
nitrogenous bases
16. 22-year-old girl has an open form of tuberculosis. The antibi-
otic rifampicin, which binds DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of
prokaryotes, is part of the complex of the medicines prescribed
for this girl. What process in the causative agent of tuberculosis is
inhibited by rifampicin, which has medical effect?
Translation
Replication
Formations of aminoacyl-tRNA
+ Transcription
17. In the process of transcription, synthesis of complementary
RNA molecule on DNA matrix is carried out. Choose the enzyme
catalyzing this process:
helicase
topoisomerase
DNA polymerase
+ DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
primase
18. Polypeptide which has been synthesized on the ribosome in-
cludes 54 amino acids. How many codons did mRNA, used as a
matrix during the synthesis, have?
44
27
108
162
1
+ 54
19. Transversion has occurred in the mRNA molecule that codes
for synthesis of chain of hemoglobin A: the purine nucleotide
was replaced with the pyrimidine nucleotide. It has led to damage
of structure of hemoglobin molecule: valine appeared in the 6 th
position of chain instead of glutamic acid. Clinically it is mani-
fested as such disease:
ha a e ia
ha a e ia
+ sickle-cell anemia
Minkowsky Shauffard disease
favism
20. In genetic engineering, different mechanisms of introduction
of an artificial gene to a cell of the recipient are used. In what
method of the listed below viruses are used for this purpose?
+ Transduction
Hybridization
Copulation
Transformation
Conjugation
21. Specify, what molecular mechanism of mutations is induced
by nitrous acid:
+ reaction with amino groups of purines and pyrimidines
formation of gaps in DNA chains
formation of thymine dimers
formation of mistakes in bonds of DNA with protein
blocking of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
22. Labelled amino acids alanine and tryptophane were injected to
a mouse in order to study localization of protein synthesis in its
cells. The labelled amino acids will be accumulated near the fol-
lowing organellas:
agranular (smooth) endoplasmic reticulum
lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
+ ribosomes
cell center
23. The substance blocking work of DNA polymerases was added
into a nutrient medium for cultivation of cells. What process is
1
There is a mistake in this question. Correct answer must be 55 because we must add the
stop codon.
damaged during the interphase period of cellular cycle?

ATP synthesis
+ DNA repair
Translation
Active transport
Transcription
24. During research of some cell organoids, their own nucleic ac-
ids containing uracil were revealed in these organoids. These or-
ganoids were:
+ ribosomes
Golgi complex
chromosomes
microtubules
cell center
25. The fragment of diphtheria toxin is an enzyme that catalyzes
reaction of ribosylation of the elongation factor TF-2 with its inac-
tivation. What of the listed processes is blocked by diphtheria tox-
in as a result?
RNA synthesis
DNA synthesis
+ Protein synthesis
RNA maturing (processing)
Posttranslational modification of protein
26. The preparations changing structure of ribosomes were used
for influence on a cell. What processes will be broken first of all?
Transport of substances
Activation of amino acids
+ Translation
Synthesis of lipids
Transcription
27. It was revealed that in culture of experimental cells the frag-
ment of nucleotide sequence in the DNA chain has moved. What
of the listed changes has happened in DNA chain?
Deletion
Replication
+ Translocation
Duplication
Inversion
28. The antibiotic rifampicin is used in clinical practice as an-
titubercular drug. The mechanism of action of rifampicin is inhibi-
tion of:
translation (protein synthesis)

+ transcription (RNA synthesis)
replication (DNA synthesis)
reverse transcription (DNA synthesis on a RNA matrix)
posttranslational modification of protein
29. Gene expression is multistage process; information encoded
in DNA is transferred to the sequence of amino acids of polypep-
tide as a result of this process. Define what of the listed stages
does not the part of this process:
transcription
processing
splicing
+ replication
translation
30. Uracil (U) with a radioactive label was added into nutrient
medium with human cells. During radioautography, labelled uracil
will be found in:
endoplasmic network
Golgi apparatus
+ ribosomes
lysosomes
cell center
31. The molecule of insulin consists of two polypeptide chains that
are connected by disulfide bridges. Translation of each of them
happens separately in cytoplasm, and later in a Golgi complex
such process happens:
folding of a polypeptide chain in a spiral
cutting of amino acids in both ends
binding of hormone with glucose
replacement of some amino acids
+ formation of quarternary structure
32. What is the length of DNA carrying information about synthe-
sis of peptide, which contains 110 amino acid residues?
220 nucleotides
110 nucleotides
55 nucleotides
440 nucleotides
+ 330 nucleotides
33. One of characteristics of genetic code is its degeneracy. What
does it mean?
+ More than one codon correspond to one amino acid
There are codons, which do not code amino acid

One codon correspond to each amino acid
One amino acid corresponds to each codon
One codon corresponds to different amino acids
34. Researches showed that glutamic acid in the sixth position of
hemoglobin of the patient was replaced by valine. For what dis-
ease it is characteristic?
Leukosis
Beta thalassemia
Alpha thalassemia
Hemophilia
+ Sickle-cell anemia
35. What of the statements listed below about synthesis of protein
is correct?
Only one codon exists for each type of amino acid
The molecules of transport RNA that are specific to appropriate amino ac-
ids are synthesized on matrix mRNA in cytoplasm
+ Matrix (information RNA), which is synthesized on DNA matrix in a nucleus,
carries information defining sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
chain
Decoding of genetic code on ribosomes can begin from any point of mRNA
Molecules of transport RNA deliver mRNA from a nucleus to ribosomes
36. Choose the substances which are the part of one nucleotide:
triose, nitrous acid, uracil
+ pentose, residue of phosphoric acid, nitrogenous base
hexose, residue of phosphoric acid, cyclic nitrogenous compound
amino acid, phosphate group, thymine
tetrose, phosphate group, adenine
37. In the nucleus, the molecule of immature mRNA transforms to
the molecule of the mature mRNA, which is shorter than the im-
mature mRNA. What do we call the combination of stages in this
transformation?
Replication
+ Processing
Recognition
Transmission
Termination
38. It is known that the information about the amino acid se-
quence in the protein molecule is written in the form of nucleotide
sequence. There are four types of nucleotides in the DNA mole-
cule. Different amino acids are encoded by different number of
triplets ranging from one to six. What do we call this property of

the genetic code?
Triplet nature
Universality
1
Collinearity
+ Degeneracy
Specificity
39. Blood of a child and putative father was referred to forensic
medical examination for affinity2. What chemical components
should be identified in the blood under study?
Transfer RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Messenger RNA
+ DNA
snRNA
40. Structural analogs of pyrimidines (fluorouracil, fluorodeoxyur-
idine, Ftorafur) inhibit DNA replication and therefore are used for
treatment of malignant tumors. What from the listed is broken
under their action, causing blocking of DNA synthesis?
+ Synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides precursors of DNA
Initiation of synthesis of nucleotide chains of DNA
Activity of DNA polymerases
Untwisting of the double spiral of DNA
Activity of DNA ligase
41. At all forms of reproduction (sexual and asexual reproduc-
tion), elementary discrete unit of heredity is:
one nucleotide
one chain of DNA molecule
one pair of nucleotides
+ one gene
two chains of DNA molecule
42. Reverse transcriptases (revertases, or RNA-dependent DNA
polymerases) catalyze:
DNA synthesis on rRNA
synthesis of mRNA on DNA
synthesis of all types of RNA on DNA
+ DNA synthesis on RNA
DNA synthesis on DNA
1
or colinearity.
2
During exam for students studying stomatology (2010), incorrect term "affiliation" was used.
43. In a general view, the genetic apparatus of eukaryotes is

such: acceptor zone–exon–intron–exon. Such structural-func-
tional organization causes special features of transcription.
Choose what mRNA will be present according to the mentioned
scheme:
+ exon exon
exon exon intron
exon intron exon
acceptor zone exon intron exon
acceptor zone exon exon intron
44. Radioprotectors, which increase resistance of an organism to
action of mutagenic factors, were prescribed to the employee of
scientific research institute, who works with radioactive materials.
What possible mechanism of adaptation influence at the cellular
level is carried out by radioprotectors?
Stimulate mechanisms of DNA repair
All listed mechanisms
Activate nonspecific mechanisms of protection
+ Inactivate products of free-radical oxidation
None of the listed mechanisms
45. Enzyme DNA ligase that takes part in the process of excision
repair of DNA, was blocked under the influence of unknown mu-
tagen. What stage of the process of DNA repair will be broken?
Recognition of the damaged site of DNA and its removal
Cutting of the damaged DNA site
Cutting of the damaged site of DNA and its replacement by the appropriate
DNA site
Synthesis of a new site by the principle of complementarity
+ Linking together of the built-in nucleotides with an intact site of DNA mole-
cule
46. Protein-repressor has been found in a cell. What gene codifies
the amino acid sequence of this protein? 1
Promoter
Terminator
+ Regulator
Modifier
Operator
47. Hydrocortisone and prednisolone, which stimulate transcrip-
1
It should be emphasised that promoter, terminator, and operator are NOT genes, but they
are regulatory regions of genes!
tion and therefore protein synthesis, were prescribed to the pa-

tient. What changes appear in karyoplasm of the nucleus at long
drug intake?
Amount of the functioning euchromatin decreases
Amount of the functioning heterochromatin decreases
Amount of the functioning heterochromatin increases
Activity of the functioning heterochromatin increases
+ Amount and activity of the functioning euchromatin increase
48. Sickle-sell anemia, when erythrocytes are in the form of a
sickle, is widespread among the population of some districts in
tropic Africa. What biological phenomenon is this disease based
on?
+ Gene mutation
Chromosomal aberration
Modification
Chromosomal mutation
Transduction
49. The health officer suspended work of chemical plant as a large
number of different chemical mutagens were emitted into atmos-
phere as a result of breakages of treatment facilities. What type
of mutations can arise under this influence?
Insertions
Chromosome aberrations
Genomic mutations
+ Point mutations
Missense mutations
50. The transcription is taking place in human cells. RNA polymer-
ase enzyme moving along the DNA molecule has reached a spe-
cific nucleotide sequence; after that the transcription ended.
What do we call this DNA site?
Operator
+ Terminator
Promoter
Repressor
Regulator
51. During the synthesis period (S) of the cell cycle, the redouble
of DNA quantity takes place. This process occurs as a result of:
denaturation of DNA
dissociation of DNA
+ replication of DNA
DNA repair
coagulation of DNA
52. The promoter is known to be responsible for joining the RNA
polymerase enzyme and initiating the transcription. At that site
deletion of two nucleotide pairs has taken place. What conse-
quences could it have?
+ Lack of protein synthesis
Formation of abnormal proteins
Synthesis of protein in unlimited quantities
Formation of normal protein
Short finish of protein synthesis
53. Scientists established amino acid sequence in the molecule of
ribonuclease enzyme. How this sequence is encoded in a cell?
Sequence of exons in DNA molecule
Nitrogenous bases in DNA
+ Sequence of nucleotides of the appropriate site of the sense strand DNA
Sequence of introns in DNA
Alternation of exons and introns
54. According to the hypothesis of lactose operon (Jacob, Monod,
1961), in Escherichia coli the lactose, which gets into a cell from
the environment, acts as an inducer. In what way does the lac-
tose induce the synthesis of enzymes that decompose it, that is
turn on the operon?
+ It combines with the repressor protein
1
It combines with the operator gene
It combines with the regulator gene
It combines with the promoter
It combines with the structural gene
55. Let's assume that pro-RNA and mature mRNA were extracted
from a nucleus. What of them is mature?
Full copy of two chains of DNA
+ Lacks introns
Full copy of matrix chain of DNA
Lacks exons
Lacks several triplets
56. Hemoglobin of the adult man (HbA) is the tetramer protein
consisting of two chains and two peptide chains. What name
such structure of this protein has?
Primary
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , the term "operator gene" is used. Correct term is "gene
operator" or "operator". Instead of "It combines", the phrase "It binds" must be used.
Tertiary
Secondary
+ Quarternary
Peptide
57. The antibiotic rifamycin, which is used for treatment of tuber-
culosis, influences certain biochemical processes. Name them:
+ inhibits RNA polymerase at initiation stage
inhibits DNA polymerase at initiation stage
inhibits DNA ligase
inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
inhibits action of protein factors during protein synthesis
58. Scientists Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod proposed the
general scheme of a structure of the genetic apparatus of prokar-
yotes (operon model) in 1961. What is the role of protein re-
pressor in this model?
+ Binds to operator
Binds to promoter
Activates structural genes (cistrons)
Binds to terminator
Inactivates proteins synthesized according to the program of structural
genes
59. Chemical substance, which blocks work of the enzymes that
take part in despiralization of DNA, was introduced into a cell.
What processes and during what period of mitotic cycle of a cell
are broken?
DNA replication in metaphase
Despiralization of chromosomes and formation of a nuclear envelope in tel-
ophase are broken
Division of a site of centromere into separate chromatids in anaphase
+ DNA replication in the synthetic period
Daughter chromosomes do not reach cell poles in anaphase
60. One of DNA chains consists of nucleotides: ATC-ACC-GAC-
GTT… What sequence of nucleotides is on the second chain of this
DNA molecule?
ATC-ACC-GAC-GTT
GCT-GTT-AGT-ACC
+ TAG-TGG-CTG-CAA
CGA-CAA-TCA-TGG
TTG-CAG-CCA-CTA
61. During conjugation of bacteria of two strains A and B, it was
established that gene Str was transferred on the 3rd minute of
conjugation, gene Bac – on the 5th minute, and gene Ins – on the
9th minute. It indicates such phenomenon as:
degeneracy of genetic code
mosaicism of nucleoid in bacteria
+ linear arrangement of genes
existence of processes of reparation
exon-intron organization of a genome
62. During translation, a few ribosomes, placed along the mRNA
molecule at a certain distance from one another, join each mRNA
simultaneously. What do we call the translation complex that
consists of one mRNA molecule and some ribosomes which are
placed on it?
Centrosome
Lysosome
Phagosome
Nucleosome
+ Polysome
63. You are studying functioning of the bacterial operon. The op-
erator has been released from the repressor 1. Immediately after
this the following process will start in the cell:
processing
+ transcription
replication
translation
repression
64. Such research with bacteria from different strains was con-
ducted. U-shaped tube in the lower part was divided by the bac-
terial filter. In one its half there were bacteria E. coli, which con-
tain the enzyme that splits lactose, and a prophage (gene lac+).
In other half there was a strain that has no this enzyme (gene
lac–). After a while the analysis of cells of the second strain was
performed; it was found that lac+ forms appeared among them.
What substance has caused the transduction phenomenon?
tRNA
mRNA
Lipid
Enzyme
+ DNA
1
Incorrect sentence was present in the site http://testcentr.org.ua/ (2013): "The operator gene
has been released from the repressor gene."
65. It is established that the molecule of pro-RNA consists of 9000

nucleotides, and 3000 nucleotides of them are introns. Define
how many amino acids are present in a polypeptide:
about 3000
+ about 2000
about 6000
about 1000
9000
66. A number of hemoglobinopathies is characterized by amino
acid replacements in alpha and beta chains of hemoglobin. What
of them is characteristic for HbS (in the case of sickle-cell ane-
mia)?
Aa Se
+G Va
Me Hi
G Se
G L
67. During investigation of the process of replication of E. coli ge-
nome, small fragments of newly synthesized DNA were revealed.
By means of what enzyme they form polynucleotide chain?
DNA polymerase
DNAse
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Nucleotidase
+ DNA ligase
68. F plasmids encode synthesis of:
enterotoxin
proteins causing death of bacteria of the same species
+ sex fibers for transfer of genetic information
enzymes, which cause an inactivation of medicines or reduce permeability
of cellular wall for antibiotics
enzyme destroying membranes of erythrocytes
69. Process, in which DNA released during lysis of one bacterium
penetrates into another bacterium and leads to change of its phe-
notype, is called:
sexduction
+ transformation
transfection
conjugation
transduction
70. Mutations among bacteria arise due to action of:
adaptive enzymes
high oxidation-reduction potential of nutrient medium
recombinant vaccines
constructive enzymes
+ nitrogenous bases
71. Erythrocytes of the patient with heavy form of hemolytic
anemia have sickle form. What is the molecular reason of devel-
oping of this disease?
Disturbance of haem synthesis
Disturbance of synthesis of porphyrins
+ Replacement of glutamic acid by valine in beta chain of hemoglobin
Disturbance of synthesis of beta chain of hemoglobin
Disturbance of synthesis of alpha chain of hemoglobin
72. What enzyme of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is asso-
ciated with the mechanism of reverse transcription?
Protease
Integrase
Endonuclease
+ Revertase
RNA polymerase
73. Solution of thymine (T) with radioactive label was added to
nutrient medium where human cells are cultivated. Labelled thy-
mine will be found by radioautography in:
ribosomes
endoplasmic network
Golgi apparatus
+ mitochondria
lysosomes
74. What is main mechanism of action of antineoplastic antibiot-
ics?
Alkylation of RNA and DNA
Inhibition of cellular division in metaphase
Incorporation into DNA and RNA molecules instead of natural compounds
Competitive inhibition of DNA metabolism
+ Formation of stable complex with DNA of a tumor cell
75. According to the model of double DNA helix that was suggest-
ed by Watson and Crick, it was established that one of chains
would not be lost during replication and the second chain would
be synthesized complementary to the first one. What mechanism
of replication is it?1
+ Semiconservative
Analogous
Dispersed
Identical
Conservative
76. Lesion by Rous sarcoma becomes possible only if information
about the structure of RNA-containing virus is introduced into the
genome of the host cell. What enzyme has to be present in struc-
ture of oncogenic virus of Rous sarcoma?
+ Reverse transcriptase
DNA gyrase
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
RNA replicase
77. Pigmentation of human skin intensifies under the influence of
ultraviolet radiation. It results from change of:
number of chromosomes
structure of chromosomes
structure of genes
+ activity of genes
activity of ribosomes
78. RNA of the AIDS virus penetrated into a leucocyte and forced
a cell to synthetize viral DNA by means of reverse transcriptase.
This process is based upon:
2
replication
+ reverse transcription
operon repression
reverse translation
operon depression
79. The chemical composition of human DNA molecules as carriers
of genetic information is analyzed. Monomers of these biopoly-
mers are:
+ nucleotides
nitrogenous bases
deoxyribose
genes
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: DNA double spirals,
which were formed as a result of replication, consist of one maternal chain and one daughter
chain. What do we call this way of replication?
2
Incorrect term "convariant replication" was present in the site http://testcentr.org.ua/ (2013).
amino acids
80. What researches of the listed below served as the first proof
of the leading role of DNA in storage and transfer of hereditary in-
formation?
Morgan's researches
Investigation of Watson and Crick
+ Investigations of Griffith and Avery
Mendel's researches
Investigations of Jacob and Monod
81. It was determined that the mRNA triplet sequence totally cor-
responded to the amino acid sequence in the polypeptide chain.
What do we call this characteristic of the genetic code?
Universality
Triplet nature
Specificity
Degeneracy
1
+ Collinearity
82. Oncogenic RNA viruses were introduced into an organism of
experimental animal. By means of what enzyme replication of
their genome occurs?
DNA ligase
+ RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
Translocase
83. It was established that exons of the human gene (DNA mole-
cule) contain 9000 nucleotides. What amount of amino acids is
present in the polypeptide that is coded by this gene?
+ About 1500
About 3000
About 9000
About 4500
About 12000
84. Antibiotics, which inhibit biosynthesis of nucleic acids and pro-
teins, are used in clinical practice as antineoplastic and antibacte-
rial drugs. What mechanism of action is the most probable for an-
tibiotics with antineoplastic activity?
They block the center of binding of aminoacyl-tRNA in the aminoacyl center
1
or colinearity. Question is not good, because colinearity is NOT the property of the genetic
code.
of a ribosome
They bind a large subunit of ribosomes and inhibit translocation of a ribo-
some along mRNA
They bind a large subunit of ribosomes and inhibit activity of peptidyltrans-
ferase
They bind a small subunit of ribosomes and inhibit elongation process
+ They form stable complexes with DNA and inhibit processes of replication
and transcription
85. One of the stages of protein synthesis is recognition of a co-
don and anticodon. The second triplet of mRNA is UAU. What
complementary triplet is found in tRNA?
GUG
UAU
+ AUA
UGU
CUC
86. It is known that the genetic code is degenerate and has triplet
nature. What nucleotide can be changed in the coding triplet
without loosing its sense?
Second
First
+ Third
Second or third
First or second
87. Life cycle of the cell is divided into the periods. In the S period
of an interphase, replication occurs. Why the S period is much
shorter (6–10 hours), than time necessary in experiment for DNA
replication 1 cm long?
Due to higher activity of replication enzymes in a cell
It is the result of chromosomal organization of genetic material
Due to DNA replication from two ends of a chromosome
Due to DNA replication in different directions from a replication point
+ Due to dividing of chromosomal DNA into replicons
88. RNA viruses of measles were revealed in an organism of the
patient. By means of what enzyme an increase in number of mol-
ecules of virus RNA in this patient occurs?
Translocase
DNA ligase
+ RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
89. The sequence of amino acid residues in a polypeptide mole-

cule was established. This sequence will correspond to a certain
arrangement of nucleotides in such site of DNA:
promoter
pseudogene
operator
terminator
+ structural gene
90. In a cell, the mutation of the first exon of structural gene took
place. The number of nucleotide pairs has decreased – 250 pairs
instead of 290. Determine the type of mutation:
Inversion
Duplication
+ Deletion
Translocation
Nonsense mutation
91. The patient with skin cancer was treated with antineoplastic
antibiotic actinomycin D. What stage of gene expression is inhib-
ited by this preparation?
Initiation of translation
DNA replication
+ Transcription
Termination of translation
Elongation of translation
92. mRNA is synthesized in a cell nucleus on one chain of DNA.
How this process is called?
+ Transcription
Reparation
Replication
Translation
Activation of amino acids
93. For determination of molecular mass of a gene, one can use
average value of molecular mass of one nucleotide that makes
345. What exactly needs to be considered for this purpose?
Number of amino acids in the appropriate protein molecule
+ Number of nucleotides in both chains of DNA of a gene
Number of nucleotides in the appropriate mRNA
Number of nucleotides in a triplet
Number of nucleotides in one chain of DNA of a gene
94. Protein synthesis is carried out on ribosomes from matrixes of
mRNA to which the activated amino acids are transported. What
RNA transports amino acids to ribosomes?

Information RNA
Ribosomal RNA
+ tRNA
Mature mRNA
Pro-RNA
95. Four nitrogenous bases in a combination of three in triplets
give 43=64 different codons therefore the same amino acids can
be coded by different triplets. How the bigger quantity of
transport RNAs (61) than amino acids, which are used for protein
synthesis (20), can be explained?
Universality of a code
Specificity of a code
Variability of DNA
+ Degeneracy of genetic code
The repeating sequences of nucleotides
96. In the process of maturing of information RNA, special en-
zymes cut off introns and join exons (processing). How informa-
tive sites of a gene are called?
Transcriptons
+ Exons
Anticodons
Introns
Codons
97. In eukaryotes, as a result of transcription, pro-RNAs contain-
ing sites, which are not informative (introns) and are cut out dur-
ing its maturing, are formed mainly. This process is called:
capping
attenuation
gene conversion
recombination
+ splicing
98. It was revealed that T lymphocytes were affected by HIV. Vi-
rus enzyme – reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA poly-
merase) – catalyzes the synthesis of:
viral DNA on DNA matrix
+ DNA on the matrix of virus mRNA
mRNA on the matrix of virus protein
DNA on virus ribosomal RNA
virus informational RNA on the matrix of DNA
99. A patient's organism has decreased concentration of magnesi-
um ions that are necessary for attachment of ribosomes to the

granular endoplasmic reticulum. This condition is known to dis-
rupt the process of protein biosynthesis. Disruption occurs at the
following stage:
amino acid activation
processing
transcription
replication
+ translation
100. Degeneracy of genetic code is ability of several triplets to
code for one amino acid. What amino acid is encoded by one tri-
plet?
Leucine
Serine
Alanine
+ Methionine
Lysine
101. Gene expression consists of a number of stages. During one
of them, synthesis of mRNA is carried out on one of DNA mole-
cule chains. How the specified process is called?
Elongation
Collinearity
Translation
+ Transcription
Termination
102. The gene apparatus of the man contains about 30 thousand
genes, and the number of variants of antibodies reaches millions.
What mechanism is used for formation of new genes that are re-
sponsible for synthesis of such quantity of antibodies?
+ Recombination of genes
Amplification of genes
DNA replication
DNA repair
Formation of Okazaki fragments
103. In operon model, the promoter is a place of primary attach-
ment of RNA polymerase from which process of transcription be-
gins. What can block this process?
Interaction of structural genes
+ Attachment of protein repressor to the operator
Attachment of repressor to the regulatory gene
Interaction of terminator with repressor
Interaction of terminator with the operator

104. Different cells that belong to one man are capable to synthe-
size different proteins at the same time. It is possible because:
cells of one organism have different DNA
protein biosynthesis occurs differently in different cells of one organism
+ different sites of DNA are transcribed in different cells at the same time
different mutations occur constantly in cells of an organism
synthesized proteins get different structure in the process of self-assembly
105. An influenza virus penetrated into a cell. The mechanism of
protein biosynthesis was reorganised for the virus protein synthe-
sis to occur:
+ on the polyribosomes
in the nucleus
in the lysosomes
in the peroxisomes
in the centriole
106. Different physical and chemical factors can destroy the struc-
ture of DNA. What do we call the ability of the cells to regenerate
the DNA structure?
Transduction
Transcription
Replication
+ Repair
Transformation
107. It was considered for the long time that relationship of virus
and bacterial cell always end with destruction of the last one.
Nevertheless, it was revealed over time, that not all phages cause
cell death. They are capable to carry part of a genome of one
bacterium to a genome of another one; owing to this process,
genotype of recipient cell receives properties of another strain.
How this phenomenon is called?
Transformation
+ Transduction
Translation
Transcription
Transposition
108. Children, who are homozygous on recessive autosomal muta-
tion "xeroderma pigmentosum", look normally at the birth, but al-
ready at early age they receive damages of skin under the influ-
ence of sunlight. Xeroderma pigmentosum results from disturb-
ance of the process of:
replication
+ repair
translation
transcription
recombination
109. Phenylketonuria is the hereditary disease caused by a point
mutation. This is the change of:
number of chromosomes in diploid set
number of genes
+ molecular structure of a gene
number of chromosome sets
structures of a single chromosome
110. One of the main characteristics of a living being is ability to
reproduction. On what level of living organisms organization does
this process happen on the basis of matrix biosynthesis?
Organismic
Subcellular
Cellular
Tissue
+ Molecular
111. thalassemia is a disease which is characterized by insuffi-
cient production of chains of globin. It was found that excess of
pro-RNA and deficiency of mRNA of globin are observed in cells
of patients. What stage of gene expression is broken in these
people?
Reduplication
Transcription
+ Processing
Translation
Reparation
112. During the analysis of DNA fragment synthesized in the pro-
cess of polymerase chain reaction, it was revealed that it contains
180 nucleotide pairs. What amount of monomers of protein is en-
coded by this fragment?
2
+ 60
90
120
180
113. During oral test of students on the subject "Molecular Biolo-
gy", the teacher asked a question: "Why the genetic code is
called universal?" The correct answer should be as follows: "Be-

cause it...":
contains information on the protein structure
+ is universal for all organisms
is triplet code
codes for amino acids
is used during replication, transcription and translation
114. DNA replication is carried out by means of a complex of en-
zymes. What process is catalyzed by enzyme primase?
Untwisting of chains of DNA molecule
A rupture of DNA chain in the point "ori"
Linking together of Okazaki fragments
Stabilization of single-stranded sites of DNA
+ Synthesis of primers RNA chains
115. The new growth with metastases was revealed on the pa-
tient's gum; it is a consequence of long smoking. What of the
given processes is the reason of appearing of the new growth?
Reparation
Transcription
+ Mutation
Replication
Translation
116. The group of antibiotics brakes different stages of RNA syn-
thesis. What form of variation is caused by such antibiotics?
Correlative
Combinational
Mutational
Ontogenetic
+ Modification
117. Genetic structure of eukaryote is "exon–intron–exon". This
structure-functional organization of the gene causes transcription
peculiarities.1 What will be pro-mRNA according to the scheme?
Exon-exon-intron
Intron-exon
+ Exon-intron-exon
Exon-intron
Exon-exon
118. Protein synthesis includes several subsequent stages. It is
1
In exam booklets, this sentence was written as follows: "This structure-functional organiza-
tion of the gene caused transcription peculiarities."
preceded by the synthesis of immature mRNA. What do we call

this process?
Termination
Replication
Elongation
Translation
+ Transcription
119. Despiralization of DNA molecule was experimentally dis-
turbed in an animal cell. What processes will not happen in a cell
first of all?
Anaphase of mitosis
Translation
+ Transcription
Anaphase of meiosis
Processing
120. During protein synthesis, a ribosome, having passed an initi-
ation stage, passes to the subsequent reading of mRNA codons,
moving to the 3'-end. How this stage is called?
Processing
+ Elongation
Termination
Prolongation
Splicing
121. On one of stages of protein biosynthesis, reading of genetic
information from mRNA molecule occurs. What chemical com-
pound carries out this process?
+ tRNA
Amino acid
rRNA
RNA polymerase
Pro-RNA
122. DNA of the man and all eukaryotes contains exons (informa-
tive sites) and introns (fragments that are not informative). In
the course of maturing of RNA, cutting of introns and joining of
exons occur. What is the name of this process?
+ Splicing
Reparation
Transcription
Termination
Replication
123. By means of researches, which were performed by F. Sanger,
it was found that the sequence of amino acid residues, which are
connected by peptide bonds, forms:
+ primary structure of protein
secondary structure of protein
tertiary structure of protein
quarternary structure of protein
-structure of protein
124. Duration of addition of one amino acid to a polypeptide chain
in bacterial cell under optimum conditions makes approximately
1
/20 second. How much time cell needs to synthesize polypeptide,
which is encoded by gene having 1200 nucleotide pairs?
1
/20 s
400 s
2s
+ 20 s
1
/2 s
125. tRNA molecules have two active centers. The molecule of
amino acid is attached to one of them, and the aminoacyl-tRNA
complex is formed. The second active center consists of three nu-
cleotides and is called:
aminoacyl center
amino peptidyl center
peptidyl center
+ anticodon
codon
126. Skin of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum is extremely
sensitive to sunlight, and skin cancer can develop. Hereditary in-
sufficiency of enzyme UV endonuclease is the reason of this con-
dition. What process is broken as the result of this defect?
DNA replication
+ DNA repair
translation
transcription
reverse transcription
127. Quinolones – inhibitors of enzyme DNA gyrase – are used for
treatment of urogenital infections. What process is broken under
the influence of quinolones first of all?
+ DNA replication
Recombination of genes
Amplification of genes
DNA repair
128. All types of RNA take part in the process of gene expression.
Determine RNA and its function by such traits: it has 300–3000
nucleotides, its weight is from several hundred thousands to two
million Dalton, it exists in the form of two fractions (mature and
its precursor) and it is localized between two subunits of ribo-
somes:
rRNA provides transcription
tRNA defines initiation process
rRNA provides removing of protein from a ribosome
tRNA takes part in activation of amino acids
+ mRNA takes part in translation
129. The part of gene mutations as inserts and losses of nucleo-
tide pairs in DNA molecule occurs due to unequal crossing-over;
frequency of this crossing-over increases considerably under the
influence of chemical and physical mutagenic factors. How the
minimum quantity of the genetic material, which is lost or ac-
quired owing to unequal crossing-over and induces mutation, is
called?
Muton
+ Recon
Cistron
Transcripton
Replicative fork
130. Examination of initial molecular structure of hemoglobin re-
vealed substitution of the glutamic acid by valine. What inherited
pathology is it typical for?
Thalassemia
Hemoglobinosis
Minkowsky Shauffard disease
Favism
131. There are different levels of regulation of gene expression in
eukaryotic cell. At what level process is controlled by enhancers?
Translation
Replication
Processing
+ Transcription
Posttranslational modification
132. The patient needs a large amount of proteins. What prepara-
tion needs to be applied?
+ Increasing translation
Reducing translation
Reducing transcription
Increasing replication
Reducing replication
133. The increase in quantity of new growths was revealed on skin
of the woman after stay in a solarium. Damage of nucleotide se-
quence owing to influence of ultraviolet rays was the cause of ap-
pearance of new growths. Damage of what listed processes led to
appearance of new growths?
Transcription
+ DNA repair
Formation of mutations in DNA
Termination of DNA synthesis
DNA replications
134. Increase in formation of immunoglobulins owing to increase
in synthesis of appropriate mRNAs was revealed in the child re-
covering after flu. What process of the listed below leads to in-
crease in amount of protective proteins?
DNA mutation
+ Transcription
DNA repair
DNA replication
Termination of DNA synthesis
135. Some mRNA triplets (UAA, UAG, UGA) code no amino acids,
but in the process of reading of information they serve as termi-
nators, in other words, they are able to stop the translation. What
are they?
+ Stop codons
Operators
Anticodons
Exons
Introns
136. The patient with sickle-cell anemia has crescent shape of
erythrocytes due to replacement of glutamic acid by valine in a
hemoglobin molecule. What is the main defect of hereditary ma-
terial?
Structural chromosomal defect
Crossing-over
Mutation of changing of chromosome number
Recombination
+ Gene mutation
137. Tryptophane for tryptophane operon is the compound that
blocks this operon. How tryptophane blocks an operon?
Binds to operator
Binds to regulatory gene
+ Binds to protein repressor
Binds to promoter
Binds to structural gene
138. The gene, which encodes the polypeptide chain, consists of 4
exons and 3 introns. When processing is over, the mature mRNA
consists of nucleotides, which are complementary to:
3 introns
2 exons and 1 intron
1 exon and 1 intron
+ 4 exons
4 exons and 3 introns
139. It is known that when one nucleotide in DNA is replaced, only
one amino acid in peptide can be replaced. What property of ge-
netic code is proved by this fact?
+ Nonoverlapping of the code
Degeneracy of the code
Universality of the code
Triplet structure of the code
Specificity of the code
140. In an organism, nitrogenous acid, which causes oxidizing de-
amination of the nitrogenous bases of nucleotides, is synthesized
from nitrates, nitrites and nitrosamines. It can lead to a point
mutation – replacement of cytosine to:
adenine
guanine
inosine
+ uracil
thymine
141. A mutation of a structural gene did not lead to replacement
of amino acids in protein. It shown such property of genetic code
as:
mutability
+ redundancy
colinearity
insufficiency
universality
142. The man of 58 years underwent an operation concerning

prostate cancer. The course of radiation therapy and chemother-
apy was carried out to him in 3 months. The complex of medi-
cines contained 5-fluorodeoxyuridine – an inhibitor of thymidylate
synthase. Synthesis of what substance is blocked by this prepara-
tion?
rRNA
Protein
tRNA
mRNA
+ DNA
143. What is necessary for formation of transport form of amino
acids for protein synthesis?
mRNA
GTP
+ Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Ribosome
Revertase
144. RNA polymerase II is blocked due to amanitine poisoning
(poison of death-cup). It disturbs:
+ synthesis of mRNA
primers synthesis
synthesis of tRNA
maturation of mRNA
145. In a healthy cell of salivary gland of the man, processes of
biosynthesis of enzymes are investigated. The main direction of
flow of information in this cell will be:
RNA e ide DNA
+ DNA RNA e ide
RNA RNA DNA e ide
DNA e ide RNA
e ide RNA DNA
146. Solution of thymine (T) with radioactive label is introduced
into nutrient medium with cells. In what cell structures this la-
belled thymine will be found during radioautography?
+ Nucleus
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
147. Mature mRNA, in which molecule sense codons are revealed,

approached a ribosome. These codons in the process of biosyn-
thesis of polypeptide are a signal of:
+ addition of certain amino acid
binding of certain exons
beginning of transcription
termination of transcription
addition of RNA polymerase
148. It was established that genetic information can be trans-
ferred not only from DNA to RNA, but also in the opposite direc-
tion – from RNA to DNA. What enzymes carry out this transfer?
Ligases
Restrictases
Synthetases
+ Revertases
Polymerases
149. The lymphocyte is affected with retrovirus HIV (AIDS). In
this case, the direction of flow of information in a cell will be:
RNA e ide DNA
DNA RNA e ide
+ RNA DNA RNA e ide
DNA e ide RNA
e ide RNA DNA RNA
150. What of the following statements about genetic code is
wrong?
The codon contains three nucleotides
+ There is only one codon for each amino acid
Codons are in matrix ribonucleic acid
Each codon defines one amino acid
The nucleotide of one codon cannot be part of other codon
151. It is known that there are 64 codons. How many codons have
no information about amino acids and are stop codons?
1
+3
5
8
10
152. What answer from listed is the most competent? Transcrip-
tion is:
transcription of genetic information from DNA molecule on matrix ribonucle-
ic acid
copying of matrix ribonucleic acid from DNA molecule

synthesis of proteins
+ synthesis of matrix RNA on DNA molecule as sequence of nucleotides that
complementary to DNA molecule
polypeptide synthesis
153. The structure of DNA twisted into a double spiral was pro-
posed on the basis of data on X-ray diffraction, which were col-
lected by:
+ Franklin and Wilkins
Griffith
Avery, MacLeod and McCarty
Watson and Crick
Hershey and Chase
154. What from listed is correct about bonds in DNA?
The ke e ha 3 ,2 -phosphodiester bonds
Two chains are connected by covalent bonds
One chain is ended with the 2 -phosphate
+ Follow from the 5 -phosphate to the 3 -carbon of sugar
Both chains are ended with 3 -hydroxylic groups
155. What of these postulates corresponds to the modern level of
genetic knowledge?
One gene one trait
One gene one protein
One gene one ATP
One gene one DNA
+ One gene one polypeptide
156. An experiment proved that UV-irradiated skin cells of pa-
tients with xeroderma pigmentosum restore the native DNA
structure slower than cells of healthy people due to the defect in
repair enzyme. What enzyme takes part in this process?
Primase
RNA ligase
DNA polymerase III
+ Endonuclease
DNA gyrase
157. Overdose of such antibiotics as kanamycin and chloramphen-
icol (Levomycetin) is dangerous, it leads to deafness. It is ex-
plained by the fact that they inhibit:
replication
transcription in a nucleus
translation in cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
transcription in mitochondria
+ translation in mitochondria
158. It was found that some compounds, for instance fungi toxins
and some antibiotics can inhibit activity of RNA polymerase. What
process will be disturbed in a cell in the case of inhibition of this
enzyme?
+ Transcription
Replication
Translation
Processing
Repair
159. It is known that the structural part of genes of eukaryotes is
characterized by alternation of sense sites and sites that are not
informative. What is the name of sites that has no information
about sequence of amino acids in polypeptide?
Exons
+ Introns
Mutons
Recons
Sites
160. It was established that not all point mutations like replace-
ment of a base pair serve as the reason of change of amino acid
in a polypeptide. Thanks to what property of genetic code it is
possible?
+ Degeneracy
Colinearity
Universality
Continuity
Triplet structure
161. What organic compounds play a role of messengers between
DNA molecules, which are carriers of genetic information, and
polypeptide chains, which are elementary traits?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
ATP
+ RNA
162. The flow of substances, energy and information constantly
passes through a human body. Reading and realization of genetic
information at the molecular level are associated, first of all, with
properties of:
carbohydrates
lipids
amino acids
+ nucleic acids
mineral substances
163. During epithelium regeneration of mucous membrane of oral
cavity, DNA replication (selfreproduction) occurred according to
semiconservative mechanism. Nucleotides of the new DNA chain
are complementary to:
+ Maternal chain
Sense codons
DNA polymerase enzyme
Introns
RNA polymerase enzyme
164. It is known that some chemical compounds (bromine prepa-
rations, proflavin and other) are capable to cause mutations like
deletions. To what such mutations will lead if damages happen in
a structural site of a gene?
Replacement of nucleotides of DNA
Inversion of sites of DNA
+ Damages of reading frame
Replacement of several nucleotides
The genetic code will not change
165. Genetic polymorphism serves as basis for interpopulation and
intrapopulation variation of people, which is shown in irregular
distribution on the planet of some diseases, severity of their clini-
cal course, different degree of predisposition to them, and drug
effect. What consequences for people action of mutational pro-
cess, which results in genetic and phenotypic polymorphism, has?
Frequency of appearance of mutations in human population decreases
Accumulation of homozygotes in large populations occurs
Action of natural selection and genetic drift is excluded
+ Hereditary variety is a barrier to organ transplantation
Possibility of death of zygotes and embryos in each next generation of
people decreases
166. It is known that the sequence of triplets in DNA defines an
order of amino acids in a protein molecule. What is the property
of genetic code?
Complementarity
+ Colinearity
Specificity
Nonoverlapping
Anti-parallelism
167. Synthesis of protein on a ribosome begins with formation of
initiation complex that includes:
tRNA with phenylalanine
tRNA with alanine
tRNA with tyrosine
tRNA with leucine
+ tRNA with methionine
168. It is known that the structural part of genes of eukaryotes is
characterized by alternation of sense sites and sites that are not
informative. What is the name of sites containing information
about sequence of amino acids in polypeptide?
Introns
Mutons
+ Exons
Sites
Recons
169. The linear structure of protein, which does not have metabol-
ic activity, was formed on a ribosome. In the process of "matur-
ing", it can lose end amino acids, form tertiary and quarternary
structures, connect to carbohydrate or lipidic molecules. How pro-
cesses of transformation of initial structure of polypeptide and
formation of metabolic active proteins are called?
Induced translation
Protein termination
Polypeptide elongation
Translocation
+ Posttranslational modification
170. Process of conjugation was established in bacteria; during
this process, the cytoplasmatic bridge is formed between bacte-
ria; plasmids are transferred through this bridge from the donor
cell to the recipient cell. What is value of this process?
Provides exchange of substances between cells
Promotes activization of mutational process
+ Provides transfer and recombination of genetic material
Increases heterozygosity
Liquidates undesirable mutations
171. The man is the carrier of AIDS virus, which belongs to RNA-
containing viruses. Synthesis of virus DNA occurs in cells of this
person. A basis of this process is:
Replication
Transcription
+ Reverse transcription
Repair
Translation
172. Ultraviolet rays break integrity of DNA molecules and lead to
formation of pyrimidine dimers, which cause mutations. Why the
irradiated cells survive much better on light, than in the dark?
Excision repair occurs
+ Photorepair occurs
Mitosis is activated
Recombinational reparation occurs
DNA polymerase is activated
173. It is known that -carotene, vitamins C and E reduce sponta-
neous damages of DNA. What group these substances belong to?
+ Antimutagens
Mutagens
Comutagens
Teratogens
Oncogenes
174. The gene for alanine tRNA was synthesized for the first time
by H. Khorana in 1970. This gene consisted of 77 nucleotide
pairs, had no regulatory part and therefore did not function. The
gene for tyrosine tRNA, which was synthesized by Khorana later,
functioned as real gene. What sites of a gene were synthesized in
addition?
Enhancers
Structural genes
Regulatory gene
+ Promoter and terminator
Repressor
175. Formation of RNA molecules on DNA matrix is called:
processing
translation
+ transcription
splicing
posttranslational modification
176. Infectious diseases are treated with antibiotics streptomycin,
erythromycin, and chloramphenicol. They inhibit the following
stage of protein synthesis:
splicing
processing
replication
+ translation
transcription
177. Synthesis of DNA begins from the primer. The primer is:
oligodeoxyribonucleotide
+ oligoribonucleotide
ATP
dATP (deoxyadenosine triphosphate)
DNA fragment consisting of 40 nucleotides
178. All RNA types are synthesized in the form of RNA precursors
that are exposed then to maturing (processing). One of stages of
processing is splicing. Splicing is:
+ cutting of sites that are not informative (introns) and binding together of in-
formative sites (exons)
addition of 7- e h g a i e he 5 -end
addition of 100 200 e id e f ade ic acid he 3 -end
chemical modification of the nitrogenous bases
fragmentation of RNA
179. Under the influence of solar radiation, in DNA of human skin
such structures are most often formed:
deletions
replacements of nucleotides
+ thymine dimers
chromosome mutations
one-stranded DNA
180. In the cells of the patient with AIDS, which are affected with
HIV virus, activity of enzyme revertase is revealed. What nucleic
acid is synthesized with participation of this enzyme?
mRNA
+ DNA
rRNA
tRNA
Pro-mRNA
181. Streptomycin was used for treatment of an infectious dis-
ease. Synthesis of what substances will be suspended by action of
this antibiotic?
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
+ Proteins
182. In experiment, increase of activity of beta galactosidase after
addition of lactose into culture medium with E. coli was shown.
What site of lactose operon becomes unblocked from a repressor
under these conditions?
Promoter
+ Operator
Structural gene
Regulatory gene
Primer
183. Rifamycin was prescribed to the patient with tuberculosis of
lungs. It inhibits enzyme RNA polymerase at stage of initiation of
the process:
translation
replication
termination
elongation
+ transcription
184. Translation begins with an initiation phase, when AUG codon
encoding methionine binds to complementary anticodon of tRNA.
Specify this anticodon.
UCG
UGC
ACU
+ UAC
AUG
185. Process of protein biosynthesis is energy-dependent. Specify,
what energy-rich substratum is used in this process at an elonga-
tion stage.
ATP
ADP
+ GTP
UTP
CTP
186. In structure of an operon of DNA of prokaryotes, there is a
site to which RNA polymerase is attached in the phase of initiation
of transcription. Find the name of this site.
Primary transcript
+ Promoter
Operator
Regulatory gene
Structural gene
187. The concept about transfer of hereditary information in the
direction "DNA–RNA–protein" was the central dogma of molecular
biology. How hereditary information is transferred in retroviruses?
RNA DNA protein
DNA protein RNA
DNA DNA RNA protein
DNA RNA protein
+ RNA DNA RNA protein
188. Process of transcription occurs in a cell of pathogenic bacte-
rium. What serves as matrix for synthesis of one molecule of
mRNA?
Entire DNA molecule
+ Site of one chain of DNA
One entire chain of DNA molecule
The chain of DNA molecule lack of introns
The chain of DNA molecule lack of exons
189. In some regions of South Africa, there is a spread of sickle-
cell anemia, in which erythrocytes have sickle shape due to sub-
stitution of glutamic acid1 by valine in the hemoglobin molecule.
What is the cause of this disease?
Genomic mutation
Crossing over
Transduction
Disturbance of mechanisms of genetic information realization
+ Gene mutation
190. As a result of intoxication, enzymes providing splicing are not
synthesized in the epithelial cell of mucous membrane of oral
cavity. What is the reason of the termination of protein biosyn-
thesis in this case?
ATP is not synthesized
rRNA is not synthesized
Amino acids are not activated
Transport of amino acids is broken
+ Mature mRNA is not synthesized
191. In a genetical laboratory in course of work with DNA mole-
cules of white rats of Wistar's line, a nucleotide was substituted
for another one. As a result, only one amino acid was substituted
1
This question was present in the site http://testcentr.org.ua/ (2013) and contained a mistake:
"substitution of glutamin by valine".
in the peptide. This result is caused by the following mutation:

Deletion
Duplication
Displacement of reading frame
1
+ Transversion
Translocation
192. When studying features of genetic code, students found that
there are amino acids, which are encoded by 6 codons, and five
amino acids are encoded by 4 different codons. Other amino acids
are encoded by three and two codons and only two amino acids
by one codon. Specify, what property of genetic code was redis-
covered by students?
Universality
+ Redundancy
Colinearity
Unidirectionality
2
Triplet code
193. The worker of the chemical company owing to violation of
safety rules underwent toxic effect of nitrogenous acid and ni-
trites, which cause deamination of cytosine in DNA molecule.
What enzyme initiates a chain of repair processes?
+ Uracil DNA glycosylase
Orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase
Thymidylate synthase
Cytidine triphosphate synthetase
194. At the stage of translation in the rough endoplasmic reticu-
lum, the ribosome moves along the mRNA. Amino acids are
joined together by peptide bonds in a specific sequence, and thus
polypeptide synthesis takes place. The sequence of amino acids in
a polypeptide corresponds to the sequence of:
rRNA nucleotides
rRNA anticodons
+ mRNA codons
tRNA nucleotides
tRNA anticodons
195. It is known that the operator is responsible for binding of
RNA polymerase and initiation of transcription. Deletion of two
1
In fact, this mutation is called "missense mutation" (variant of the point mutation) and can be
both transversion and transition depending on the nature of base substitution.
2
In the booklet published in 2006, incorrect word "triplety" was used.
nucleotides has occurred in this site. What consequences it can

have?
Formation of abnormal proteins
+ Lack of protein synthesis
Synthesis of protein in unlimited quantity
Formation of normal protein
Fast termination of protein synthesis
196. mRNA, which contains both exonic and intronic sites, was
transported to ribosomes of granular ER in human cell. It is ex-
plained by absence of:
replication
transcription
translation
+ processing
prolongation
197. As a result of translation, the linear protein molecule corre-
sponding to its primary structure was formed. What connection
appears between residues of amino acids in this protein struc-
ture?
+ Peptide
Hydrogen
Disulfide
Hydrophobic
Ionic
198. The mutation of a structural gene happened. In this gene,
the number of nucleotides changed: instead of 90 base pairs, it
became 180. This mutation is called:
Inversion
+ Duplication
Deletion
Translocation
Transversion
199. Damage of a structural gene as a part of DNA molecule oc-
curred. However, it did not lead to replacement of amino acids in
protein because after a while this damage was liquidated by
means of specific enzymes. It was shown that DNA has ability for:
transcription
mutation
replication
+ repair
200. The majority of structural genes of eukaryotes in their struc-

ture (DNA fragments) are functionally unequal. They contain ex-
ons (informative sites) and introns (not informative fragments).
What molecule of RNA is synthesized at first on this DNA?
informational RNA
+ pro-mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
mRNA
201. Treatment of a patient with hereditary form of immunodefi-
ciency involved gene therapy: the enzyme gene was introduced
into the cells of the patient by means of a retrovirus. What prop-
erty of the genetic code allows to use retroviruses as vectors of
functional genes?
Specificity
Collinearity
Continuity
+ Universality
Redundancy
202. Infectiologists widely apply antibiotics that inhibit synthesis
of nucleic acids. What stage of biosynthesis is braked by rifampic-
in?
Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Splicing in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Termination of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Replication in prokaryotes
+ Initiation of transcription in prokaryotes
203. mRNA synthesis takes place on DNA matrix taking into ac-
count the principle of complementarity. If triplets in DNA are the
following – ATG-CGT, the corresponding codons of mRNA will be:
UAG-CGU
ATG-CGT
AUG-CGU
+ UAC-GCA
TAG-UGU
204. During cell division1, DNA replication occurs by a signal from
the cytoplasm, and a certain portion of the DNA helix unwinds
and splits into two individual strains. What enzyme facilitates this
1
It is not correct. DNA replication occurs before cell division, in interphase. (This question was
during exams in 2013, 2014, and 2015).
process?
RNA polymerase
Ligase
Restrictase
+ Helicase
DNA polymerase
205. Nowadays about 50 minor bases have been found in the
tRNA structure besides the main four nitrogenous bases. Choose
the minor nitrogenous base:
cysteine
+ dihydrouracil
cytosine
uracil
adenine
206. The students studied peculiarities of genetic code and found
out that there are amino acids corresponded by 6 codons, 5 ami-
no acids – 4 different codons. Other amino acids are codified by
three or two codons and only two amino acids are codified by one
codon. What peculiarity of genetic code did the students find out?
Versatility
Collinearity
1
+ Redundancy
Unidirectionality
Triplet code
207. Tuberculosis can be treated by means of combined chemo-
therapy that includes substances with different mechanisms of
action. What antituberculous medication inhibits transcription of
DNA into RNA2 in mycobacteria?
Isoniazid
Streptomycin
+ Rifampicin
Ethionamide
Para-aminosalicylic acid
208. Nucleolar organizers of the 13–15, 21, 22nd human chromo-
somes contain about 200 cluster genes that synthesize RNA.
These chromosomal regions contain the information on the fol-
lowing type of RNA:
1
i. e. degeneracy.
2
In the site http://testcentr.org.ua/ (2013), incorrect phrase "transcription of RNA into DNA"
was present.
tRNA + rRNA
snRNA
mRNA
+ rRNA
tRNA
209. A doctor was addressed by a 30-year-old man. There is a
probability of the patient being HIV-positive. To clarify the diag-
nosis the doctor proposed to perform polymerase chain reaction.
The basic process in this kind of investigation is:
gene mutation
transcription
chromosome mutation
genetic recombination
+ gene amplification
210. Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum are characterized by
abnormally high sensitivity to ultraviolet rays leading to skin can-
cer that arises owing to inability of fermental systems to repair
damages of the hereditary material of cells. With disturbance of
what process this pathology is associated?
+ DNA repair
Gene conversion
DNA recombination
Gene complementation
DNA reduplication
211. A process of translation occurs in a cell. When the ribosome
reaches UAA, UAG or UGA codons, synthesis of a polypeptide
chain comes to an end. These codons in the process of polypep-
tide biosynthesis are not recognized by any tRNA and therefore
serve as a signal of:
posttranslational modification
beginning of transcription
+ termination
elongation
initiation
212. As a result of treatment of viral RNA with nitrous acid, UCA
triplet mutated to UGA triplet. What kind of mutation occurred?
Nucleotide deletion
Missense
1
+ Transversion
1
During exams for students studying stomatology in 2014 and 2015, the answer "Transition"
Nucleotide insertion
Inversion
213. A large number of different tRNA molecules, which transport
amino acids to a ribosome, was revealed during cytologic investi-
gations. The number of different tRNAs in a cell will be equal to
the number of:
nucleotides
amino acids
proteins synthesized in a cell
different types of mRNAs
1
+ triplets coding for amino acids
214. 28-years-old patient with bacterial pneumonia was adminis-
tered a course of erythromycin treatment. It is known that anti-
bacterial properties of erythromycin are determined by the ability
to bind with free 50S subunit of a ribosome. Synthesis of what
substances is blocked by this antibiotic in bacterial cells?
+ Proteins
RNA
DNA
Fats
Polysaccharides
215. Ability to divide is characteristic of procaryotic and eukaryotic
cells. Procaryotic cell division is different from that of eukaryotic,
but there is one molecular process that is the basis of both types
of division. Name this process.
Transcription
Reparation
Translation
+ DNA replication
Gene amplification
216. Genetic information is stored in DNA but DNA does not participate di-
rectly in protein synthesis within cells. What process ensures transfer of
genetic information into polypeptide chain?
+ Translation
Formation of rRNA
Formation of tRNA
was proposed as correct answer, but this is a mistake.

1
In 1966, F. Crick developed the wobble hypothesis, which proposed that some nonstandard
pairings of bases could occur at the third position of a codon. Wobble allows some tRNAs to
pair with more than one codon on an mRNA; thus the cells of most organisms possess from
about 32 to 50 different types of tRNA.
Formation of mRNA
Replication
217. Defects in a DNA molecule can develop under the influence of physi-
cal factors. For instance, ultraviolet irradiation can cause formation of di-
mers. Dimers are two adjacent pyrimidine bases joined together. Name
these bases:
adenine and thymine
guanine and cytosine
adenine and guanine
+ thymine and cytosine
guanine and thymine
218. Patients suffering from xeroderma pigmentosum have extremely pho-
tosensitive skin due to disrupted excision repair. Specify the process that is
affected in such patients:
Synthesis of mRNA
Maturation of mRNA
+ Repair of DNA molecule
Synthesis of protein primary structure
Intron excision and exon linking
219. In the course of evolution, molecular mechanisms for correction of
damaged DNA molecules were developed. This process is called:
+ repair
transcription
translation
replication
processing
MEDICAL GENETICS
1. Three chromosomes of the 13th pair were revealed at the new-
born child with multiple defects of a skull, extremities and internal
by means of karyotyping method. The diagnosis was established:
Edwards' syndrome
Klinefelter's syndrome
Down syndrome
+ Patau syndrome
Turner's syndrome
2. A 14-year-old girl has some abnormalities: her height is lower
than that of the girls of the same age, the signs of puberty are
absent, her neck is very short, her shoulders are wide. During the
cytogenetic analysis, the lack of one X chromosome was found.
The girl has normal intellectual development. What disease does
the girl have?
+ Turner's syndrome
Down's syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
Patau syndrome
3. A healthy woman who had viral roseola during pregnancy gave
birth to a deaf baby with a normal karyotype and genotype. The
baby's deafness is a manifestation of:
+ Phenocopy
Gene mutation
Genocopy
4. The 14-year-old girl lags behind in physical and intellectual de-
velopment, has small height and wide thorax resembling a shield;
secondary sexual characteristics are absent. Barr's bodies are not
present. What is the mechanism of this disease?
Genetic defect of synthesis of gonadotrophin
Genetic defect of synthesis of sex hormones
Hypothyroidism
+ Disturbance of disjunction of sex chromosomes in meiosis
The acquired insufficiency of somatotropin (growth hormone)
5. Sex chromatin was detected during examination of buccal epi-
thelium of a man. What chromosomal disease this is characteris-
tic for?
+ Klinefelter's syndrome
Down syndrome
Trisomy on the X chromosome
Hypophosphatemic rickets
Turner's syndrome
6. The patient has the long growth of extremities, extended
"arachnoid" fingers, defects of crystalline lens of an eye, anoma-
lies of cardiovascular system. Intelligence is normal. What traits
this patient can have still?
Cleft soft and hard palate
+ Maldevelopment of connective tissue
Underdevelopment of gonads
Flat face and wide nose bridge
Underdevelopment of the lower jaw
7. The 15-year-old boy of tall height, with delay of intellectual
development and the delayed sexual maturity has XXY karyotype.
How many Barr's bodies are in his cells?
0
+1
2
3
4
8. In medical consultation, the family tree of the patient with al-
kaptonuria is constructed. He is 12 years old. What symbol is
necessary to be used for designation of the proband?
To shade or paint over a symbol (square)
To draw a horizontal hyphen over a square
To put an exclamation mark or an asterisk near a square
+ To draw an arrow near a square
To put the dot inside a square
9. In what family there is a high risk of development in the new-
born of acholuric jaundice at the second childbirth?
The wife is Rh-positive, the husband is Rh-negative, the first child is Rh-
negative
The wife is Rh-positive, the husband is Rh-negative, the first child is Rh-
positive
The wife is Rh-negative, the husband is Rh-positive, the first child is Rh-
negative
The wife is Rh-positive, the husband is Rh-positive, the first child is Rh-
positive
+ the Wife is Rh-negative, the husband is Rh-positive, the first child is Rh-
positive
10. Down syndrome was found in the 6-year-old child. However,
the chromosomal analysis showed, that not all cells have an ab-
normal karyotype. How this phenomenon is called?
Epistasis
Incomplete penetrance
Incomplete domination
+ Mosaicism
Variable expressivity
11. The woman of 25 years is pregnant for the third time; she got
to clinic with threat of induced abortion. What combination of
Rhesus factor in her organism and in a fetus can be the cause of
it?
rh in the mother, rh in the fetus
+
Rh in the mother, rh in the fetus
+ +
Rh in the mother, Rh in the fetus
+
+ rh in the mother, Rh in the fetus
It is impossible to define
12. The karyotype of mother contains 45 chromosomes. It was
established that it is associated with translocation of the 21 st
chromosome on the 15th one. What disease most likely will be
present in the child (the father's karyotype is normal)?
+ Down syndrome
Patau syndrome
Morris' syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
13. "Cat's cry" syndrome – the "mewing" voice timbre – has ap-
peared in the child immediately after the birth. What was found
after investigation of a karyotype of this child?
Additional Y chromosome
Deficiency of X chromosome
st
Additional 21 chromosome
th
+ Deletion of short arm of the 5 chromosome
Additional X chromosome
14. Narrow shoulders and wide pelvis, underdevelopment of tes-
tes, high voice, gynecomasty, and infertility are characteristic for:
Down syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
Patau syndrome
Turner's syndrome
15. In the 5-year-old child, tyrosine metabolism is broken. It
leads to lesion of nervous system and mental deficiency, but is
easily treated by the special diet prescribed at early age. What is
this disease?
Hemophilia
Cystinuria
+ Phenylketonuria
Brachydactyly
Thalassemia
16. At what disease heterozygotes are resistant to malaria?
Brachydactyly
Cystinuria
Phenylketonuria
Hemophilia
17. The child's birth is not recommended to the woman of 43
years because of high probability of chromosome syndrome in the
child. Why such restriction does not concern men?
+ Stage of prophase of I meiotic division in women is very long
Ovum is motionless
Limited number of oocytes of the first order
During oogenesis, only one ovum is formed, but not four ova
During oogenesis, formation stage is absent
18. The truncated extremities, small skull, flat wide nose bridge,
narrow palpebral fissures, the hanging fold of an upper eyelid, a
monkey fold, and mental retardation are characteristic for:
Turner's syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
+ Down syndrome
trisomy X
19. Positive reaction of the Følling test, musty specific odour of
urine and sweat, retarded motor and mental development from
6-month age, and lightening of hairs are characteristic for:
Turner's syndrome
galactosemia
fructosuria
+ phenylketonuria
Patau syndrome
20. Cleft palate, underdevelopment or lack of eyes, incorrectly

formed ears, deformation of hands and feet, and maldevelopment
of heart and kidneys are characteristic for:
+ Patau syndrome
Down syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
21. Retarded motor and mental development, paleness of integ-
uments, hairs and iris of eyes, and positive test with 5% solution
of trichloroacetic iron are observed in the 6-month-old child.
What of the specified hereditary diseases is revealed in the child?
Galactosemia
Alkaptonuria
Down syndrome
Albinism
+ Phenylketonuria
22. The narrow forehead and wide occiput, deformed ears that are
located very low, underdevelopment of the lower jaw, and wide
short fingers are characteristic for:
Turner's syndrome
+ Edwards' syndrome
Down syndrome
Patau syndrome
23. What methods of investigation allow to establish the diagnosis
of phenylketonuria in due time?
Determination of Barr's bodies or drum sticks
Calculation of probability of the birth of the patient (according to genetic
laws)
+ Biochemical test of blood and urine
Determination of karyotype
Studying of dermatoglyphics
24. Mother and father are healthy. In genetic consultation, sex
chromatin and karyotype of a fetus were determined by the
method of amniocentesis: n=45, XO. What diagnosis can be
made to the future child?
Syndrome trisomy X
Philadelphia chromosome
Hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease)
+ Turner's syndrome
Phenylketonuria
25. In a family, the father has hemophilia and daltonism at the
same time. You are a doctor of genetic consultation. Analyse pos-
sible variants of inheritance of these anomalies:
+ both genes will be received by girls
the gene of hemophilia will be received by boys
both genes will be received by boys
the gene of daltonism will be received by girls
both genes will be received by children irrespective of sex
26. The woman prematurely gave birth to the dead boy. What
reason of spontaneous abortion is the most frequent?
Gene mutation
Trauma
+ Chromosome aberration
Incompatibility on Rhesus factor
Infection of mother
27. By what method it is possible to diagnose heterozygous carri-
er state of the pathological gene if the dose effect for the speci-
fied allele is observed, and expressiveness of a trait in pheno-
types of dominant homozygote and heterozygote are different?
Genealogical method
Cytogenetic method
+ Biochemical method
Twin study
Population-statistical method
28. Disturbance of synthesis of tyrosine, adrenaline, noradrena-
line, and melanin are observed in the patient. Mental deficiency is
expressed. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Ichthyosis
Hepatocerebral dystrophy (Wilson's disease)
Gout
+ Phenylketonuria
Family amaurotic idiocy (Tay-Sachs disease)
29. The woman with monosomy on the X chromosome addressed
to genetic consultation. Daltonism was revealed in her organism.
Choose her karyotype and genotype:
d d
45, X X
D
46, X 0
D
45, X 0
d
46, X 0
d
+ 45, X 0
30. Mother and father are healthy. Fetus karyotype 47,XX,+21

was determined by method of amniocentesis. Make the diagnosis:
cat's cry syndrome
+ Down syndrome
syndrome "superwoman"
Turner's syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
31. The child is ill with phenylketonuria and has mental retarda-
tion. What mechanism will be the main thing in development of
damage of the central nervous system?
Increase in tyrosine synthesis
+ Accumulation of phenylalanine and phenyl ketones (phenylpyruvate) in
blood
Decrease in synthesis of melanin
Increase in excretion of phenyl ketone bodies with urine
Decrease in synthesis of thyroid hormones
32. Healthy spouses, whose son is sick with phenylketonuria, ad-
dressed to genetic consultation. Spouses are disturbed by health
of the next child. Phenylketonuria is inherited on autosomal re-
cessive type. What is the probability of the birth of the second
child with phenylketonuria?
0%
50%
100%
75%
+ 25%
33. What method of genetic examination most likely makes it
possible to diagnose Shereshevskiy–Turner syndrome?
Genealogical
Demographic-statistical
+ Identification of sex chromatin
Bigeminal
Dermatoglyphics
34. The newborn with anomalies of skull and extremities was ex-
amined in genetic consultation by karyotyping. Existence of three
autosomes of the 18th pair was established. What disease is the
most probable in the child?
+ Edwards' syndrome
Syndrome XXX
Down syndrome
Patau syndrome
35. In human, hemophilia is encoded by the recessive gene linked
with X chromosome. Future spouses addressed to genetic consul-
tation: the healthy young man marries the girl, which father had
hemophilia and mother and her relatives were healthy. What is
the probability of manifestation of the mentioned trait in sons
from this marriage?
+ 50%
100%
75%
0%
25%
36. The pregnant woman, who worked in the harmful factory, ad-
dressed to genetic consultation because she has the bases for ex-
citement concerning the birth of the abnormal child. After carry-
ing out of amniocentesis, there was a question about induced
abortion. Doctors explained the woman that her future child will
not be viable and will have defects in a structure of heart, kid-
neys, and digestive system, cleft soft palate and cleft hard palate,
and underdevelopment or lack of eyes. About what disturbance in
a karyotype one can talk in this case?
Polysomy X
Monosomy X
Trisomy Y
+ Trisomy 13
Trisomy 21
37. A 20-year-old tall young man of asthenic constitution, who
demonstrates signs of hypogonadism, gynecomastia, and dimin-
ished production of semen, has been found having a 47, XXY kar-
yotype. What do we call such chromosomal syndrome?
Shereshevskiy Turner
Wiskott Aldrich
Louis-Bar
+ Klinefelter
Down's syndrome
38. One of the forms of rickets is inherited in the autosomal dom-
inant way. This disease is a result of: 1
Aneuploidy
1
This question has bad answers because aneuploidy and polyploidy are changes in the num-
ber of chromosomes, and these three types of mutations are chromosomal mutations.
Changes in the number of chromosomes

Chromosomal mutations
Polyploidy
+ Gene mutations
39. One of forms of rickets is inherited according to autosomal
dominant type. This disease is the result of:
aneuploidy
genomic mutation
chromosome mutation
polyploidy
+ gene mutation
40. It is known that phenylketonuria arises owing to mutation of
the gene, which is responsible for phenylalanine transformation
and disintegration of phenylalanine to the final products of me-
tabolism. Choose, what way of metabolism of phenylalanine will
lead to development of phenylketonuria:
he a a i e i e h i
he a a i e h i ad e a i e
he a a i e h i h ge i ic acid
+ he a a i e he ae ke -acids
he a a i e i e ea i
41. Medical examination at the military registration and enlist-
ment office revealed that a 15-year-old boy was high, with eu-
nuchoid body proportions, gynecomastia, female pattern of pubic
hair distribution. The boy had also fat deposits on the thighs, no
facial hair, high voice, subnormal intelligence quotient. Which
karyotype corresponds to1 this disease?
+ 47, XXY
47, XXX
46, XY
46, XX
45, XO
42. During the analysis of urine of the three-month child, the in-
creased amount of homogentisic acid was revealed; urine when
standing on air gets dark coloring. What of the listed below dis-
eases, the described changes are characteristic for?
+ Alkaptonuria
Albinism
Aminoaciduria
1
During exams (2009, 2011), incorrect word combination "corresponds with" was used.
Cystinuria
Phenylketonuria
43. Owing to disturbance of meiosis, such types of ova were
formed in the woman: 22+XX, 22+0. What diseases are possible
in her daughters if man's spermatozoa have normal set of chro-
mosomes?
Trisomy X and Down syndrome
Turner's syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome
Klinefelter's syndrome and trisomy X
Klinefelter's syndrome and Down syndrome
+ Turner's syndrome and trisomy X
44. Healthy parents have got a fair-haired, blue-eyed girl. Irrita-
bility, anxiety, sleep and feeding disturbance developed in the
first months of the infant's life. Neurological examination revealed
developmental lag. What method of genetic investigation should
be used for the exact diagnosis?
Population-statistical
Cytological
Twin study (Gemellary)
Genealogical
+ Biochemical
45. During the analysis of the woman's buccal mucosa epithelium
cells, no sex chromatin1 was found. Which of the below men-
tioned diseases can it be?
Edwards' syndrome
Down's syndrome
+ Turner's syndrome
Patau syndrome
46. Parents with suspicion on a chromosomal disease of the child
addressed to the medico-genetic center. During karyotyping of
the child, translocation of additional chromosome 21 on the 15 th
chromosome was revealed. The doctor established the diagnosis:
translocation form of Down syndrome. Damage of what structure
of the chromosome has caused developing of this disease?
1
In the book Collec ion of asks "sexual chromatin". Similar question is present in the
Section "Pathophysiology": A doctor consulted a woman with defects of physical and sexual
development. Microscopy of mucosa cells in the oral cavity did not reveal any sex chromatin in
the nuclei. What kind of chromosomal pathology does it characterize? Answers: Shereshev-
skiy Turner syndrome; Down's syndrome; Recklinghausen's disease; Klinefelter's syndrome;
trisomy on X chromosome.
Short arm
Long arm
Secondary constriction
Centromere
+ Telomeric region
47. During clinical examination of the pregnant woman, the in-
crease in the content of phenylalanine in blood was revealed. How
it can affect the child?
Development of galactosemia is possible
+ Development of mental retardation is possible
Development of Wilson's disease is possible
No influence
The child's birth with Down syndrome is possible
48. A 18-year-old man with asthenic body constitution (tall, nar-
row shoulders, broad pelvis) and with poor hair on his face came
to the geneticist. There was marked mental retardation. The pre-
liminary diagnosis was Klinefelter's syndrome. What method of
medical genetics can confirm the diagnosis?1
Dermatoglyphics
Population-statistic
Genealogic
+ Cytogenetic
Twin study
49. The girl of 18 years with complaints to lack of menstruations
consulted a doctor. During examination, such traits were re-
vealed: height is 140 cm, short neck with characteristic folds of
skin ("neck of a sphinx"), big shoulders, narrow pelvis, lack of
secondary sex traits, and underdevelopment of ovaries. What
provisional diagnosis can be established?
Patau syndrome
Morris's syndrome
+ Turner's syndrome
Down syndrome
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: An 18-year-old young
man is tall and has narrow shoulders, a large pelvis, an adult woman pattern of hair distribu-
tion, and oxyphonia. Mental retardation is also present. Based on these symptoms, the provi-
sional diagnosis of Klinefelter's syndrome was made by a doctor. What genetic method can
confirm the diagnosis? Answers: a) Cytogenetic; b) Pedigree analysis; c) Study of twins;
d) Biochemical; e) Population-statistical. In addition, another similar question is present in this
book: A teenager with the provisional diagnosis of Klinefelter's syndrome came for advice to a
genetic consultation. What genetic method does the doctor have to apply to make a correct
diagnosis?
50. Woman with the first blood type and normal blood clotting
married the man is ill with hemophilia and has the second blood
type. At what genotypes of parents the child, who has the first
blood type and is ill with hemophilia, can be born in this family?
H H h
ii X X I iX Y
H h A A h
ii X X I I XY
H H A A H
ii X X I I X Y
H h h
+ ii X X I iX Y
H H A A h
ii X X I I XY
51. The man of 26 years complains of infertility. Objective traits:
height of 186 cm, long extremities, gynecomasty, hypoplasia of
testicles; Barr's bodies are found in scraping of mucous mem-
brane of a cheek. Klinefelter's syndrome is diagnosed. What
mechanism of chromosomal anomaly takes place at this disease?
Chromosome deletion
Translocation
+ Nondisjunction of heterochromosomes in meiosis
Inversion of a chromosome
Nondisjunction of chromatids in mitosis
52. Phenylketonuria was revealed in the child. What of the listed
methods of treatment need to be used?
Hormonal therapy
Surgical treatment
Removal of toxic substances from an organism
+ Dietotherapy
Medicinal therapy
53. With damage of structure of what cellular organelles, storage
diseases appear?
+ Lysosomes
Golgi complex
Centrosomes
Mitochondria
Plastids
54. Trisomic, translocation, and mosaic forms of Down's syndrome
are known. What method of human genetics can be applied to
differentiate these forms of Down's syndrome?
Study of twins
1
Pedigree analysis
Biochemical
+ Cytogenetic
55. It is known that, during application of the method of determi-
nation of sex chromatin, calculation of number of Barr's bodies in
the painted smear of buccal epithelium (mucous membrane of a
cheek) allows to establish precisely human karyotype. What kary-
otype will be present in woman if two Barr's bodies are present?
48, XXXY
47, XXY
46, XX
48, XXXX
+ 47, XXX
56. Studying of prints of epidermic ridges of fingers of hands
(dactyloscopy) is used in criminalistics for identification of the
personality, and also for diagnostics of genetic anomalies, in par-
ticular, of Down syndrome. What layer of skin defines identity of
prints?
+ Papillary
Corneous
Reticular
Bright
Basal
57. A 40-year-old pregnant woman underwent amniocentesis. The
examination of fetus karyotype revealed 47,XY,+21. What pa-
thology of the fetus was found out?
Phenylketonuria
Patau's disease
+ Down's syndrome
Schereschevsky Turner's disease
58. Positive reaction of urine with 10% solution of chloride of iron
was revealed in the child after the birth. For what hereditary pa-
thology it is characteristic?
Alkaptonuria
Tyrosinosis
Diabetes (hereditary form)
+ Phenylketonuria
Galactosemia
1
Another answer: "Genealogical".
59. Choose what of the diseases listed below has is based on de-
struction of normal process of DNA repair after ultraviolet radia-
tion:
hypertrichosis
+ xeroderma pigmentosum
simple ichthyosis
melanism
albinism
60. Spouses, who after three-year married life had no children,
addressed to genetic consultation. During examination of the
husband, the underdevelopment of testes and lack of spermato-
genesis was revealed. He has narrow shoulders, wide pelvis, and
undeveloped muscles. What of the listed karyotypes this man
had?
46, t13.13
46, 5p
45, XO
47, 21+
+ 47, XXY
61. A 1.5-year-old child has mental and physical lag, decolorizing
of skin and hair, decrease in catecholamine concentration in
blood. When a few drops of 5% solution of trichloroacetic iron had
been added to the child's urine it turned olive green. Such altera-
tions are typical for the following pathology of the amino acid me-
tabolism:1
albinism
xanthinuria
+ phenylketonuria
alkaptonuria
tyrosinosis
62. The woman addressed to genetic consultation concerning de-
viations of physical and sexual development. During microscopy
of cells of a mucous membrane of a mouth, sex chromatin was
not revealed. For what chromosomal pathology it is characteris-
tic?
+ Turner's syndrome
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: A few months after birth
a child developed symptoms of the CNS disorder. The skin and hair became lighter. The solu-
tion of 5% trichloroacetic ferric lactase, added to fresh urine, gives it olive-green coloring.
What kind of hereditary disorder is characterized by these manifestations? Answers: tyrosino-
sis; alcaptonuria; fructosuria; phenylketonuria; albinism.
Down syndrome
Recklinghausen's disease
Trisomy of the X chromosome
63. Need to carry out identification of the personality appears pe-
riodically in forensic medical practice. The method of dactyloscopy
is used for this purpose. Explain what structure defines individual
drawing of skin of human fingers:
features of the structure of reticular layer of derm
structure of epidermis and derm
+ features of the structure of papillary layer of derm
features of the structure of epidermis
structure of epidermis, derm, and hypoderm
64. Mother and father of future child are healthy. The method of
amniocentesis determined a fetus karyotype: 45, XO. What syn-
drome can be expected in a newborn baby?
Patau syndrome
+ Turner's syndrome
Syndrome "superwoman"
Cri du chat syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
65. The child of 10-month age, whose parents are brunettes, has
fair hairs, very light skin, and blue eyes. Externally at the birth he
looked normally, but for the last three months disturbance of cer-
ebral blood flow, lag in intellectual development were observed.
The reason of such state is:
+ phenylketonuria
glycogenosis
histidinemia
galactosemia
sharp porphyria
66. The young man of tall height, with increased lower jaw and
projected superciliary arches, was surveyed in genetic consulta-
tion in connection with problems in training and antisocial behav-
ior. The karyotype 47, XYY is revealed. What is the disease?
Edwards' syndrome
Patau syndrome
+ Syndrome "superman"
Turner's syndrome
67. Father and son in a family are sick with hemophilia A. Mother
is healthy. Choose genotypes of parents:

H H h
X X XY
Aa aa
h h H
XX X Y
aa Aa
H h h
+X X XY
68. The diagnosis "Konovalov–Wilson's disease", which is associ-
ated with metabolic disorder, was made to the woman of old age.
Disturbance of metabolism of what substances is caused by this
disease?
+ Minerals
Amino acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
69. One little body of sex X chromatin was revealed in nuclei of
the majority of cells of an epithelium of mucous membrane of
man's cheek. For what of the listed syndromes it is characteristic?
Turner's syndrome
Down syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
70. Hemophilia A is the hereditary disease caused by existence of
the pathological gene in:
st
21 chromosome
th
19 chromosome
Y chromosome
th
7 chromosome
+ X chromosome
71. Dyspepsia, excitation, increase of muscular tone and tendon
reflexes are noted in the monthly child. Test on finding of phe-
nylpyruvic acid in urine is positive. Choose the diagnosis of the
disease:
mucopolysaccharidosis
daltonism
Duchenne's dystrophy
+ phenylketonuria
hemophilia A
72. For studying of human heredity, different methods of human
genetics are used; among them, there are genealogical method
and twin study. What can be determined by twin study?

Expressivity
+ Coefficient of heredity
Penetrance
Type of inheritance
Zygosity of the proband
73. The examination of a youth with mental retardation revealed
eunuchoid body construction and genitals underdevelopment. The
cells of the oral cavity contained chromatin. What method of ge-
netic investigation should be performed to make more specified
diagnosis?
Population-statistic
Dermatoglyphics
Biochemical
+ Cytological
Clinico-genealogical
74. Parents of the newborn, at whom Down syndrome is suspect-
ed, addressed to genetic consultation. What method of investiga-
tion it is necessary to prescribe for confirmation of the diagnosis
of chromosomal pathology and for exception of phenocopy?
+ Cytogenetic
Dermatoglyphic
Biochemical
Determination of sex chromatin
Immunological
75. Sharp lag in psychomotor development, attacks of spasms,
pale skin with eczematous changes, blond hairs, and blue eyes
are observed in the child of 6 months. Determination of concen-
tration of what substance in blood and urine will most authenti-
cally allow to establish the diagnosis for this child?
Leucine
Histidine
Tryptophane
+ Phenylpyruvate
Valine
76. Rh-negative woman marries the heterozygous Rh-positive
man. What is the probability of rhesus incompatibility between
organisms of the mother and a fetus during the second pregnan-
cy?
0%
12.5%
25%
+ 50%
75%
77. Men owing to abuse of alcohol can have nondisjunction of sex
chromosomes in meiosis. What hereditary diseases can be caused
by this situation in descendants?
Turner's syndrome
Any hereditary diseases
+ Klinefelter's syndrome and Turner's syndrome
78. One of forms of cystinuria is caused by an autosomal reces-
sive gene. However, raised cysteine contents in urine are ob-
served in heterozygotes, whereas stones in kidneys are formed in
recessive homozygotes. What form of cystinuria is possible in
children in the family, where the father has this disease and
mother has raised content of cysteine in urine?
+ Both (formation of stones and raised content of cysteine in urine)
No listed form
Formation of stones
Raised content of cysteine
Raised content of cysteine and lack of both forms of cystinuria
79. In a maternity hospital, a child with numerous development
anomalies was diagnosed with Patau syndrome. What genetic
method can confirm this diagnosis?
Pedigree analysis
Biochemical
+ Cytogenetic
Study of twins
80. At what disease it is possible to determine heterozygous carri-
er state by method of load tests?
+ Galactosemia
Down syndrome
Hemophilia
Patau syndrome
Cystinuria
81. A man with the problem of sterility appealed to a genetic con-
sultation. During the analysis of the cheek mucosa epithelium one
Barr body was found in each nucleus of most cells. In neutrophil
nuclei, they found one "drumstick" in each. Which syndrome can
cause such phenomenon?

Patau syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Trisomy on X chromosome
Down's syndrome
82. Developing of following diseases is associated with genetic
factors. Name pathology with hereditary predisposition:
sickle-cell anemia
daltonism
phenylketonuria
Huntington's chorea
+ diabetes
83. Examination of an 18-year-old girl revealed the following fea-
tures: hypoplasia of the ovaries, broad shoulders, narrow pelvis,
shortening of the lower extremities, and "neck of sphinx". Mental
development is normal. The girl was diagnosed with Turner's syn-
drome. What kind of chromosome abnormality is it?
Trisomy 18
Trisomy X
Trisomy 13
+ Monosomy X
Nullisomy X
84. The pregnant woman addressed to genetic consultation. Her
first child was born with numerous malformations: nonclosure of
an upper lip and palate, microphthalmos, syndactyly, heart and
kidneys malformations. The child died at the age of one month;
46 chromosomes were revealed in his karyotype, the 13th chro-
mosome was translocated on the other chromosome. With what
chromosomal disease this child was born?
Turner's syndrome
+ Patau syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
Down syndrome
85. The woman with Rh-negative blood of III group gave birth to
the child with the II blood type, who had hemolytic disease owing
to rhesus incompatibility. What group according to ABO system
and Rhesus factor is possible in the child's father?
-
II (A), rh
-
I (O), rh
+
III (B), Rh
+
I (O), Rh
+
+ II (A), Rh
86. In a maternity hospital a child with numerous development
anomalies of the internal organs, such as the heart, kidneys, di-
gestive system, was born. A doctor suspected Edwards' syn-
drome. What genetic method can confirm this diagnosis?
Biochemical
Dermatoglyphic
Study of twins
Pedigree analysis
+ Cytogenetic
87. A number of methods is used in human genetics. What of the
listed methods gives the chance to estimate extent of influence of
heredity and environment on development of a trait?
Cytogenetic method
+ Twin study
Biochemical method
Dermatoglyphic method
Genealogical method
88. In 1950s in Western Europe, women who had taken thalido-
mide (soporific) bore a few thousands of babies with underdevel-
opment or absence of extremities and transgression of the skele-
ton. What nature did the pathology have?
Genocopy
+ Phenocopy
Gene mutation
89. What of the listed human diseases is hereditary and mono-
genic?
Hypertension
Stomach ulcer
Poliomyelitis
+ Hemophilia A
Diabetes
90. An 18-year-old girl has body disproportion: wide shoulders, a
narrow pelvis, shortened low extremities, wing-like skin folds on
the neck, underdeveloped ovaries. During the laboratory analysis,
neither "drumsticks" in the neutrophil nuclei nor Barr bodies in
the nuclei of the buccal epithelium cells were found. Dermato-
glyphics method revealed that her atd palmar angle is 66°. What
provisional diagnosis can be made in this case?1
+ Turner's syndrome
2
Down's syndrome
Patau syndrome
3
Edwards' syndrome
91. A girl with the provisional diagnosis of Turner's syndrome
came for advice to a genetic consultation. Which genetic method
can confirm this diagnosis?
Pedigree analysis
Hybridization of somatic cells
+ Sex chromatin test
Biochemical
Study of twins
92. A 28-year-old female patient consulted a gynecologist about
sterility. Examination revealed underdeveloped ovaries and uter-
us, irregular menstrual cycle. Analysis of sex chromatin revealed
two Barr's bodies in most somatic cells. What chromosome dis-
ease is the most probable in this case?4
Turner's syndrome
+ Triple X syndrome
Patau's syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
93. A baby has such pathology: anomaly of the lower jaw and the
larynx development accompanied by voice changes resembling a
cat's cry. Moreover, the baby has microcephaly, heart trouble,
and four fingers. A likely cause of such anomaly is the deletion of:
th
short arm of the 11 chromosome
th
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , another similar question is also present: An 18-year-old
girl complained to a doctor of the absence of menstruation. The patient had such features: 140
cm in height, a short neck with typical folds ("neck of sphinx"), wide shoulders, a narrow pelvis,
absence of secondary sexual characters, underdeveloped ovaries. What was the provisional
diagnosis of the girl?
2
Another possible answer: Cri du chat (cat cry) syndrome.
3
Another possible answer: Morris's syndrome.
4
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: A 28-year-old woman
saw a physician because of infertility. Underdevelopment of the ovary and the womb, disorder
of the menstrual cycle were diagnosed. During the test of buccal epithelium cells it appeared
that most of their nuclei had two Barr bodies. The neutrophil nuclei had two "drumsticks" each.
What provisional diagnosis can we make in this case?
th
th
+ short arm of the 5 chromosome
st
94. Four-year-old girl has dislocation of crystalline lenses, long
and slender fingers, hereditary heart disease, and high level of
oxyproline (amino acid) in urine. All these defects are caused by
anomaly of connective tissue. For what disease these clinical
symptoms are characteristic?
+ Marfan's syndrome
Phenylketonuria
Hypophosphatemias
Fructosuria
Galactosemia
95. Down syndrome is the most widespread of all syndromes as-
sociated with chromosomal anomalies. Characteristic symptoms
of Down syndrome are shortening of extremities, small skull,
anomalies of a structure of the face, narrow palpebral fissures,
epicanthus, mental retardation, frequent damages of a structure
of an internal. In the case of Down syndrome caused by trisomy
of the 21st chromosome, the main diagnostic method is:
genealogical method
+ cytogenetic method
biochemical method
population-statistical method
modeling
96. The child, who was born in late marriage, has the small
growth, lag in intellectual development, thick "geographical"
tongue, narrow palpebral fissures, flat face with wide cheekbones.
What sort of disturbance has caused development of the de-
scribed syndrome?
Birth injury
+ Chromosomal pathology
Intrauterine immune conflict
Intrauterine intoxication
Intrauterine infection
97. In genetic consultation, it was established that heterozygous
carrier mother gave a mutant gene to half of sons who are sick,
and half of daughters who are phenotypically healthy carriers and
can transfer a recessive gene together with the X chromosome to
the next generation. What gene from the listed diseases can be
transmitted by the daughter?
Polydactyly
Thalassemia
Phenylketonuria
+ Hemophilia
Hypertrichosis
98. Lack of B lymphocytes and sharp decrease in amount of im-
munoglobulins of the main classes were revealed in blood of the
sick boy. The diagnosis of congenital agammaglobulinaemia is
made. Owing to what event this hereditary disease has appeared,
if parents of the patient are healthy, and cases of the disease in a
pedigree are not observed?
Somatic mutation in the patient
Mutation in somatic cells of parents
Incomplete penetrance of a gene in parents
+ Mutation in sex cells of parents
Generative mutation in the patient
99. There is repeated pregnancy. Mother has O blood type, she is
Rh-negative, and both fetuses have II blood group and are Rh-
positive. By what variant there can be conflict?
Incompatibility on A-antigen
Rh-incompatibility
+ Incompatibility on Rh-system and ABO system
Incompatibility on other systems
Incompatibility on B-antigen
100. The lymphatic edema of extremities and surplus of skin on
the neck is revealed in the newborn girl. There are no "drum
sticks" in neutrophils. What is your diagnosis?
Down syndrome
Patau syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
+ Turner's syndrome
101. Three sons grew up in a family where the father had hyper-
tensive disease. One of them worked as the air traffic controller,
the head of flights at the large international airport with high in-
tensity of the movement. Two other sons lived in rural areas and
had professions of the beekeeper and the plant breeder. The dis-
patcher at mature age got sick with a heavy form of hypertensive
disease. This disease was absent in other sons, but small raising
of blood pressure was only occasionally noted. To what group of
genetic diseases it is necessary to carry hypertensive disease in
this family?
Monogenic disease
Chromosomal disease
+ Multifactorial disease
Genomic disease
Disease of nonheritable character
102. During determination of a blood type on ABO system anti-
gens A and B were revealed. This blood can be transfused to the
persons having such group:
I
II
+ IV
III
everything listed
103. The provisional diagnosis – phenylketonuria – was made to
the child in maternity hospital. What results of biochemical inves-
tigation will confirm the diagnosis?
Deposition of urine acid salts in joints
+ Disturbed synthesis of tyrosine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and melanin
Accumulation of lipids in nervous cells, retina of an eye, and liver
Disturbed carbohydrate metabolism
Disturbed copper exchange
104. In genetic consultation, the analysis of linkage groups and
localization of genes in chromosomes was carried out. Thus the
method was used:
+ hybridizations of somatic cells
twin study
genealogical method
dermatoglyphic method
105. A healthy woman, who had had viral roseola during pregnan-
cy, gave birth to a baby with a cleft lip and cleft palate. The baby
has a normal karyotype and genotype. This anomaly can be the
result of:
+ Influence of teratogenic factor
Gene mutation
106. The pregnant woman is on consultation. The doctor for the
prognosis of health of the expected child can use a genetic meth-
od:
method of crossing
+ amniocentesis
twin study
biochemical method
dermatoglyphic method
107. During the checkup of an 18-year-old boy, some physical and
psychical development defects are found. They are as follows:
eunuchoidism, female lipopexia and an adult woman pattern of
hair distribution, muscular hypoplasia, mental deficiency. Using
the cytogenetic method, the karyotype of the patient was deter-
mined. Which karyotype was it?
47, XY, 21+
45, XO
47, XY, 18+
47, XYY
+ 47, XXY
108. The translocation of a site of the 22nd chromosome on the
other chromosome is revealed in the patient's leukocytes. Such
mutation leads to development of:
Turner's syndrome
Down syndrome
+ chronic leukemia
syndrome "cry of a cat"
phenylketonuria
109. The heterozygous carrier state of a semilethal allele, which
has dose effect, was established in the patient; expressiveness of
this allele in homozygotes and heterozygotes is different. This
fact was established by means of a method:
cytogenetic method
mapping of chromosomes
twin study
+ biochemical method
110. Rhesus-negative woman with I (O) blood type is pregnant
with the Rh-positive fetus having A blood type. To prevent a sen-
sitization of Rh-negative mother by Rh-positive erythrocytes of a
fetus, she needs to enter intravenously for 72 hours after the de-
livery:
B-globulin
fibrinogen
+ anti-D globulin
Rhesus agglutinins
prothrombin
111. A human has galactosemia – a disease of accumulation.
Which genetic method can we use to diagnose the case?
Cytogenetic
+ Biochemical
Study of twins
Pedigree analysis
112. The 22nd human chromosome has different mutant variants –
monosomies and trisomies, deletions of a long arm, and translo-
cations. Each mutation has the clinical variant of manifestation.
By what method it is possible to define variant of a chromosome
mutation?
Sequencing
Biochemical method
+ Cytogenetic method
Twin study
Dermatoglyphic method
113. The patient has a mutation of the gene that is responsible for
hemoglobin synthesis. It has led to development of the disease
sickle-cell anemia. How the pathological hemoglobin revealed at
this disease is called?
HbA
HbF
+ HbS
HbA1
Bart-Hb
114. During the examination of an 18-year-old girl, such features
as underdeveloped ovaries, wide shoulders, a narrow pelvis,
shortened low extremities, a "neck of sphinx" were determined.
There was no mental deficiency. A doctor suspected Turner's syn-
drome. With what genetic method can this diagnosis be con-
firmed?
+ Cytogenetic
Study of twins
Pedigree analysis
Biochemical
115. The child had the special "mewing" voice timbre in the early
childhood. Retardation of psychomotor development and mental

deficiency are observed. The syndrome of "cat's cry" is diag-
nosed. At what level of the organization there was damage, which
has caused this syndrome?
+ Molecular
Subcellular
Cellular
Tissue
Organismal
116. During examination of the child, the pediatrician noted lag in
physical and intellectual development. The content of keto-acid in
urine is sharply raised; this acid gives qualitative color reaction
with chloric iron. What metabolic disorder was revealed?
Cystinuria
Tyrosinemia
+ Phenylketonuria
Alkaptonuria
Albinism
117. The patient is 18 years old. Phenotypically: she has small
height, short neck, epicanthus, and downward slant of palpebral
fissures. Karyotype 45, XO. Sex chromatin: 0% of X chromatin.
The most probable diagnosis is:
Sandberg's syndrome
+ Turner's syndrome
Down syndrome
true hermaphroditism
118. The newborn child had multiple malformations: cleavage of
hard palate, cyst of spinal cord, wrong placement of heart. The
child's mother, working in radiation laboratory without following
safety rules, underwent the corpuscular ionizing radiation (muta-
genic influence). With what type of prenatal maldevelopment
such changes, which appeared in the child born by the woman,
are associated?
th
+ Embryopathies disturbances of embryogenesis on the 2-8 weeks of de-
velopment
Blastopathies disturbances at a blastula stage
Gametopathies disturbances at a zygote stage
Fetopathies disturbances after 10 weeks of development
Extra duration of pregnancy
119. A patient with a normal karyotype has some abnormalities of
the fingers (arachnodactyly), skeleton, cardiovascular system,

disorders in the development of connective tissue, and lens de-
fect. What provisional diagnosis can we make?
Edwards' syndrome
Down's syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Patau syndrome
+ Marfan's syndrome
120. The first step in diagnosing diseases provoked by the disor-
der of metabolism is the application of express methods 1 which
are based on a simple quality reaction of determining metabolites
in blood or urine. The second step is to confirm the diagnosis, for
which exact chromatographic methods of enzymes and amino ac-
ids study are used. What genetic method can be applied?
+ Biochemical
Study of twins
Cytogenetic
Hybridization of somatic cells
121. A baby boy has deformations of cerebral and facial cranial
parts, microphthalmia, an ear deformation, and cleft palate 2. The
baby's karyotype is 47,XY,13+. What disease is it?
Edwards' syndrome
+ Patau syndrome
Down's syndrome
Turner's syndrome
122. It is known that 0–5% of interphase nuclei of man's somatic
cells and 60–70% of nuclei of woman's cells contain in norm
masses of sex chromatin. For what purpose the number of mass-
es of sex chromatin is defined in genetic consultations?
For studying of structure of sex X chromosome
For express diagnostics of human sex
For studying of structure of sex Y chromosome
For studying of structure of autosomes
+ For determination of the karyotype
123. A patient has mental deficiency, a short stature, and the
mongolian type of the eyelid fold. The microscopical examination
1
quick tests.
2
There is a mistake in this question in the book Collec ion of asks the word "plate" is
used in this book.
of the patient's karyotype revealed the presence of trisomy on

the 21st chromosome. What do we call the disease, which is
caused by this chromosomal abnormality?
+ Down's syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
Patau syndrome
124. What diseases can develop if deficiency of the enzymes play-
ing a role in digestion of substances is present in lysosomes?
+ Storage diseases
Diseases associated with mineral exchange
Anomalies of autosomes
Anomalies of sex chromosomes
125. Autopsy of a newborn boy revealed polydactylia, microceph-
aly, cheiloschisis and uranoschisis as well as hypertrophy of
parenchimatous organs. These defects correspond with the de-
scription of Patau's syndrome. What is the most probable cause of
this pathology?1
Partial monosomy
th
+ Trisomy of the 13 chromosome
Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes
th
Trisomy of the 21 chromosome
th
126. A baby was born with abnormalities of the external and in-
ternal organs development. During the check up the following ab-
normalities were found: epicanthus, shortened extremities, a
small skull, impaired development of the cardiovascular system.
On these grounds, the provisional diagnosis of Down's syndrome
was made. What genetic method can confirm this pathology?
Pedigree analysis
Study of twins
+ Cytogenetic
Biochemical
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: The pathoanatomic in-
spection of a newborn boy's dead body showed the following abnormalities: polydactyly, mi-
crocephaly, a cleft lip and cleft palate, hypertrophy of the parenchymal organs. These symp-
toms are typical of Patau syndrome. What is the cause of this disease? Answers: a) Trisomy
on the 21st chromosome; b) Trisomy on the 18th chromosome; c) Trisomy on the 13th chromo-
some; d) Trisomy on X chromosome; e) Monosomy on X chromosome.
127. What substance is accumulated in tissues of brain and liver

and causes their degeneration at Wilson–Konovalov's disease?
Phosphorus
Tyrosine
Phenylalanine
Lipids
+ Copper
128. As a result of abnormal chromosomes disjunction1 during
meiosis, a secondary oocyte2, which contains only 22 autosomes,
has been formed. What disease can the baby have after the im-
pregnation of this secondary oocyte by a normal spermatozoon
(22+X)?
+ Turner's syndrome
Trisomy on the X-chromosome
Down's syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
129. In the case of amaurotic idiocy (Tay–Sachs disease), the ir-
reversible heavy disturbances of the central nervous system are
developed; they lead to death at early children's age. At this dis-
ease, disturbance of metabolism of what substances is observed?
Carbohydrates
Amino acids
Mineral substances
+ Lipids
Nucleic acids
130. During the analysis of the buccal mucosa epithelium of a
male patient, two Barr bodies in each nucleus of most cells were
found and in neutrophil nuclei two "drumsticks" in each were
found. What syndrome is it typical of?
Patau syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Down's syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
131. The galactosemia – storage disease – is diagnosed for the
man. Owing to damage of what cellular structure this disease has
appeared?
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , incorrect term "divergence" is used (this is a mistake).
2
Another possible variant is "an ovum", but in humans, a secondary oocyte is fertilized.
Lysosomes
Centrosomes
Cell center
Mitochondria
+ Golgi complex
132. Albinos badly sunbathe – they get burns. Disturbance of me-
tabolism of what amino acid is the cornerstone of this phenome-
non?
Glutamic acid
Histidine
+ Phenylalanine
Methionine
Tryptophane
133. Mucopolysaccharidosis belongs to storage diseases. Due to
the lack of enzymes, cleavage of polysaccharides is broken. In-
crease of their secretion with urine and accumulation in one of
cell organoids are observed in patients. What organoids mucopol-
ysaccharides are accumulated in?
In Golgi complex
+ In lysosomes
In endoplasmic reticulum
In mitochondria
In the cell center
134. Mother of the child consulted the dermatologist with com-
plaints to existence of dark spots on ears, nose, and cheeks of
the child. Urine when standing on air became black. What is the
most probable diagnosis?
Urticaria
Albinism
+ Alkaptonuria
Daltonism
Down syndrome
135. During the examination of a baby boy, a pediatrician noticed
that the baby's crying was similar to a cat's cry. Besides, the ba-
by had microcephaly and abnormality in heart development. By
means of the cytogenetic method, it was found that the baby's
karyotype was 46, XY, 5p–. At what mitotic stage was the karyo-
type of the baby examined?
+ Metaphase
Prometaphase
Prophase
Anaphase
Telophase
136. The woman on the 16th week of pregnancy addressed to ge-
netic consultation. By drawing up a pedigree, it became clear that
her husband from first marriage has a child, which is ill with phe-
nylketonuria. What method will allow to define existence of phe-
nylketonuria in a fetus?
Cytogenetic method
Genealogical method
+ Amniocentesis
Dermatoglyphics
Twin study
137. Specify the reason of developing of the hereditary diseases
which received the name "storage disease":
+ absence of certain enzymes in lysosomes
absence of certain enzymes in mitochondria
absence of certain enzymes in ER
absence of certain enzymes in Golgi apparatus
absence of certain enzymes in a nucleus
138. The analysis of the fetus's amniotic fluid cells for the pres-
ence of sexual chromatin shows that the majority of their nuclei
have two Barr bodies each. Which inherited disease can this baby
have?
Down's syndrome
+ Trisomy on X chromosome
Turner's syndrome
Patau syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
139. The woman worked some time at the factory under harmful
working conditions. She gave birth to the child with cleft lip and
cleft palate. What factor served as the reason of defect develop-
ment?
Mechanical influence on a fetus
Alimentary factor
Increase in body temperature of the pregnant woman
Infectious disease
+ Radiation
140. During the cytogenetic analysis, a patient was found to have
cells with chromosome number 46,XY and 47,XXY in the same
proportions. What did the doctor diagnose?
Down's syndrome
Morris's syndrome
Patau syndrome
Turner's syndrome
141. Watching the child for 1.5 years, mother began to notice lag
in intellectual development. After careful examination, phenylke-
tonuria was established in the child. The cause of this disease can
be:
+ damage of structure of structural genes of a transcript
monosomy on the X chromosome
insufficient number of mitochondria in cells
additional chromosome from the 21st pair of autosomes
other reason
142. The genealogical method of human genetics provides collec-
tion of information, drawing up and the analysis of pedigrees.
How the person which pedigree needs to be made is called?
Respondent
Subject of research
+ Proband
Sib
Patient
143. There is a direct dependence of rules of inheritance of anti-
genic specificity and genetic conditionality of manifestation of
immune reactions in the human body. What science studies these
processes?
Genetics
+ Immunogenetics
Immunology
Immunopathology
Ecological genetics
144. For a number of hereditary diseases, which were considered
incurable, possibility of suppression of their phenotypic manifes-
tation was established due to the development of medical genet-
ics. At present it most of all concerns:
+ phenylketonuria
anemias
mucoviscidosis
cystinuria
achondroplasia
145. It is known that molecules only of one type of antibodies are
synthesized in each B lymphocyte; these molecules are encoded
by only one of two homologous chromosomes containing such

genes. What name has this phenomenon?
Gene exception
Genomic exception
Genetic exception
Chromosomal exception
+ Allelic exception
146. Karyotype of the man is 47 chromosomes; the Barr's body is
revealed in the nucleus of somatic cell. Endocrine insufficiency is
observed: underdevelopment of testes, lack of spermatogenesis.
What disease is characterized by this phenotype?
Patau syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Down syndrome
147. Phenylketonuria is the autosomal recessive disease, which is
followed by disturbance of synthesis of melanin and -adrenergic
agonists, disorders of motive functions, and mental retardation.
What method of studying of human heredity needs to be used for
the purpose of more precise definition of the diagnosis?
Genealogical
+ Biochemical
Dermatoglyphics
Cytogenetic
148. The twin method of diagnostics is used for:
diagnostics of chromosomal diseases
diagnostics of metabolic diseases
determination of the nature of inheritance of a trait
+ estimation of degree of influence of genotype and environment on the trait
development
diagnostics of diseases, which are inherited as sex-linked traits
149. A 10-year-old girl has got shortened extremities, a small
skull, a face anomaly, the mongolian type of eyelid fold, epican-
thus, mental deficiency, disorders of the heart and vascular struc-
ture. In a genetic clinic the girl's karyotype was determined. What
was the girl's karyotype?
45, XO
47, XX, 13+
47, XX, 18+
+ 47, XX, 21+

47, XXX
150. Symptoms of rickets are revealed in the child; also, the level
of phosphates in blood is reduced. Treatment by ergocalciferol did
not yield positive results. On what type this disease is inherited?
+ Dominant, linked with X chromosome
Autosomal dominant
Recessive, linked with X chromosome
Autosomal recessive
Linked with Y chromosome
151. By means of the cytogenetic analysis, the karyotype 47, XX,
13+ of a child with plural defects of the skull, extremities, and in-
ternal organs was determined. What syndrome did the baby
have?
Edwards' syndrome
+ Patau syndrome
Down's syndrome
Turner's syndrome
152. During the cytogenetic analysis in the cells of an abortive fe-
tus, only 44 chromosomes were found due to the absence of both
chromosomes from the 3rd pair. What type of mutation occurred?
Monosomy
Gene mutation
Polyploidy
+ Nullisomy
153. The dermatoglyphic method is applied to more precise defini-
tion of the diagnosis of hereditary pathology. In the patient with
disturbance of mental activity and mental retardation, the cross
furrow is revealed on a palm, and the palmar corner (atd) equals
80°. For what hereditary pathology these traits are characteristic?
+ Down syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Marfan's syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
154. 30-year-old woman addressed to genetic consultation; two
Barr bodies was established in nuclei of the most cells of cheek
mucosa epithelium. What provisional diagnosis can be made?
th
Trisomy on the 13 chromosome
st
+ Trisomy on X chromosome
th
Monosomy on X chromosome
155. A patient has phenylpyruvic acid in the blood and urine.
Based on this, the diagnosis of phenylketonuria is made. What
genetic method is used?
Pedigree analysis
Study of twins
+ Biochemical
Immunological
156. Mother is Rh-negative. She gave birth to the Rh-positive
child with symptoms of hemolytic disease. What cells of the sick
child are destroyed in this case?
Macrophages
Thrombocytes
+ Erythrocytes
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
157. A sick child has disturbance of lipid exchange, which is ac-
companied by the increase of lipid concentration in the blood se-
rum and the accumulation of the substance in the nerve cells.
Some dysfunctions of the higher nervous system are also pre-
sent. What hereditary disease can such symptoms be typical of?
+ Tay Sachs disease
Edwards' syndrome
Phenylketonuria
Marfan's syndrome
Hemophilia
158. During the examination of a newborn, the diagnosis of
Down's syndrome was made. What is the main cause of this pa-
thology?1
th
st
+ Trisomy on the 21 chromosome
th 2
1
Monosomy on X chromosome
1
During exam in 2016, another question with the same answers was used: "A 2-year-old boy
is diagnosed with Down syndrome. What chromosomal changes can cause this disease?"
2
Another possible incorrect answer: "Monosomy on the 1st chromosome".
159. Coloring of sclerae and mucous membranes is observed in

the baby. The urine, which darkens on air, is excreted. Homo-
gentisic acid is found in blood and urine. What can be the cause
of this state?
+ Alkaptonuria
Galactosemia
Histidinemia
Albinism
Cystinuria
160. Choose the most exact definition of congenital diseases:
they are all hereditary diseases
hereditary diseases with dominant type of inheritance
diseases caused by pathology of childbirth
+ diseases with which the person is born
transplacental infectious diseases
161. The male karyotype is 47, XXY. He has endocrine insufficien-
cy2: underdevelopment of testicles and absence of spermatogen-
esis. What disease do these symptoms suggest?
Edwards' syndrome
Patau syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Down's syndrome
162. The patient has pathological process, which is caused by the
gene mutation linked with sex X chromosome. This disease is fol-
lowed by deficiency of the VIII factor and lengthening of time of
blood clotting till 25 min. How this disease is called?
Galactosemia
+ Hemophilia
Daltonism
Glaucoma
Hemeralopia
163. In the genetic consultation, a provisional diagnosis of
Turner's syndrome of a 14-year-old girl was made. What karyo-
type does the girl have?
47, XY, 13+
46, XX
1
Another possible incorrect answer that is used in the book Collec ion of asks : "Undiver-
gence of sex chromosomes", but the word "undivergence" does not exist (this is a mistake),
the term "nondisjunction" must be used!
2
In the collection of tests, the word "hypertrophy" is present in this place.
47, XXY
46, XY
+ 45, XO
164. "Cat's cry" syndrome is characterized by the underdevelop-
ment of laryngeal muscles, "miaowing" voice timbre, psychomo-
toric immaturity1 of a child. This disease is the result of:
th
duplication of a fragment of the 5 chromosome
st th
translocation of the 21 chromosome on the 15
th
+ deletion of the short arm of the 5 chromosome
st
deletion of the short arm of the 21 chromosome
st
inversion of a fragment of the 21 chromosome
165. Spouses with the 9-month-old child who has hypotrophy, but
is mentally normally developed, consulted a hospital. The child is
ill almost since the neonatal period: he has pertussoid spasmodic
cough. Since five months, after adding of food, frequent defeca-
tion with large amount of light-coloured fecal masses with an un-
pleasant odour were appeared. The increase in liver is noted. Ac-
cording to laboratory data, concentration of sodium and chlorine
in sweat is increased. About what disease one can think?
Amaurotic idiocy of children
+ Mucoviscidosis
Agammaglobulinaemia
Duchenne's dystrophy
Hemophilia
166. The frequency of heterozygotes with a genome of phenylke-
tonuria in the population of Ukraine is 3%. What method of ge-
netical investigation is used for revealing early phenylketonuria of
a newborn?
Cytogenetic
Genealogical
Dermatoglyphics
+ Biochemical
167. The 3-year-old child is hospitalized in children's clinic in a se-
rious condition with hemoglobinopathy (sickle-cell anemia). Re-
placement of glutamic acid by what amino acid in the chain of
globin is the cornerstone of formation of pathological hemoglobin
in this case?
1
Attention! In the book Collec ion of asks , the incorrect word "immaturation" is used (this
word does not exist).
Arginine
Serine
Tyrosine
Phenylalanine
+ Valine
168. The child with Down syndrome and karyotype of 46 chromo-
somes was born in healthy parents. However, one of chromo-
somes from the D group had the extended short arm. What is the
cause of illness of the child?
st
Monosomy on the 21 pair of chromosomes
st
+ Unbalanced translocation of an excess 21 chromosome
st
Trisomy on 21 pair of chromosomes
Balanced translocation
th
Trisomy on the 15 pair of chromosomes
169. Green color of urine after addition of 5% FeCl 3 solution was
revealed in the mentally retarded child. Disturbance of metabo-
lism of what amino acid, the positive result of this diagnostic test
indicates to?
Arginine
Tryptophane
+ Phenylalanine
Glutamine
Tyrosine
170. The boy with splitting of an upper jaw ("cleft lip" and "wolf
mouth") was born in the 45-year-old woman. During additional
examination, considerable disturbances of nervous and cardiovas-
cular systems and of sight were found. By investigation of a kary-
otype, the trisomy on the 13th chromosome was diagnosed. What
syndrome is present in the boy?
Turner's syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
Down syndrome
+ Patau syndrome
171. The patient with complaints to intolerance of solar radiation
consulted a doctor. He has burns of skin and disturbance of sight.
Provisional diagnosis is albinism. Disturbance of metabolism of
what amino acid is present in this patient?
Proline
Tryptophane
Alanine
+ Tyrosine
Lysine
172. A 32 y.o. man is tall; he has gynecomastia, adult woman
pattern of hair distribution, high voice, mental deficiency, sterili-
ty. Provisional diagnosis is Klinefelter's syndrome. In order to
specify diagnosis it is necessary to analyze:
spermatogenesis
genealogy
blood group
+ karyotype
leukogram
173. It is widely known about Rhesus factor conflict in the situa-
tion when mother is rh– and child is Rh+. Why it does not happen
on the contrary?
The fetus produces very few antibodies
The organism of mother is not sensitive to fetus's antibodies
Fetus is not sensitive to mother's Rhesus factor
+ Foetus does not produce antibodies yet
All listed factors are important
174. The baby, who is the second child in a family, had hemolytic
disease of the newborn that is caused by rhesus incompatibility.
It is known from the anamnesis that the first child is Rh-negative.
What are genotypes of parents?
Wife is heterozygous; husband is homozygous on the gene of Rhesus fac-
tor negativity
Wife is homozygous on the gene of Rhesus factor negativity; husband is
homozygous the gene of Rhesus factor positivity
+ Wife is homozygous on the gene of Rhesus factor negativity; husband is
heterozygous
Wife and husband are homozygous on the gene of Rhesus factor negativity
Wife and husband are homozygous on the gene of Rhesus factor positivity
175. During examination of teenage children in a military registra-
tion and enlistment office, the young man with certain deviations
of psychosomatic development was revealed, namely: asthenic
structure of a body, increase in mammary glands, and decrease
in intelligence. He was directed to genetic consultation for specifi-
cation of the diagnosis. What karyotype will be revealed?
46, XY, there are no Barr's bodies
+ 47, XXY, one Barr's body
47, XXY, two Barr's bodies
45, XO, there are no Barr's bodies
47, XXX, two Barr's bodies

176. For diagnosis of metabolic disease, which is caused by
changes of activity of different enzymes, amino acid composition
of proteins and their primary structure are studied. What method
is used in this case?
+ Chromatography
Cytogenetic method
Dermatoglyphics
Electronic microscopy
Genealogical method
177. In one of uniovular twins who lived in different ecological
conditions, the ecogenetic (multifactorial) disease was diagnosed.
What had caused its demonstration?
Interaction of genes
+ Specific factor of the environment
Deficiency of enzymes
Mutant dominant gene
Change of a gene pool of population
178. 15-year-old boy of high growth, mentally retarded and with
delay of sexual development has one Barr's body in epithelial
cells. What chromosomal disease this patient has?
Syndrome "superwoman"
Syndrome of "cat's cry"
Edwards' syndrome
Turner's syndrome
179. In the patient with symptoms of Down syndrome, 46 chro-
mosomes were revealed. Therefore, his pathology appeared ow-
ing to one of chromosomal anomalies, namely:
inversion
deletion
polyploidy
+ translocation
duplication
180. In the child who was on breastfeeding, the dyspeptic phe-
nomena and weight loss are observed; yellowing of skin and in-
crease in liver were appeared. Test with chloride iron is negative.
The doctor prescribed special diet instead of breast milk; it im-
proved child's status. What disease is possible in this child?
+ Galactosemia
Mucoviscidosis
Phenylketonuria
Fructosemia
Homocystinuria
181. Karyotype of the woman is 47 chromosomes, two Barr's bod-
ies are revealed in the nucleus of somatic cell. Endocrine patholo-
gy is observed: insufficient function of ovaries with lack of follicles
that causes infertility and primary or more often secondary
amenorrhea. What disease is indicated by this phenotype?
Patau syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
Turner's syndrome
+ Trisomy on the X chromosome
182. Healthy parents with unremarkable family history have the
child with multiple developmental defects. Cytogenetic analysis
revealed the trisomy 13 in the somatic cells (Patau syndrome).
What phenomenon has caused the defects?
Somatic mutation
Dominant mutation
1
Recessive mutation
+ Abnormal gametogenesis
183. Examination of cell culture got from a patient with lysosomal
pathology revealed accumulation of great quantity of lipids in the
lysosomes. What of the following diseases is this disturbance typ-
ical for?
Galactosemia
Phenylketonuria
+ Tay Sachs disease
Gout
Wilson disease
184. A woman who was sick with rubella during the pregnancy
gave birth to a deaf child with hare's lip and cleft palate. This
congenital defect is an example of:
genocopy
Down's syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
Patau's syndrome
1
This answer can also be considered as correct answer because abnormal gametogenesis
leads to the numerical chromosomal mutation (trisomy) that causes Patau syndrome.
+ phenocopy
185. Digestion and bile flow are broken in the child; increased re-
lease of chlorides with urine is observed. Mucoviscidosis is diag-
nosed. Damage of components of what cellular structure takes
place in this disease?
+ Cellular membrane
Nuclear membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
186. Man with karyotype 46,XY has female phenotype with devel-
oped external secondary sex traits. According to this information
the doctor established provisional diagnosis:
+ Morris' syndrome
Down syndrome
syndrome "superman"
Turner's syndrome
187. What is hemophilia?
Acceleration of blood clotting
Destruction of erythrocytes
Slowdown of blood clotting
Increase in time of bleeding
+ Absence of blood clotting
188. Usage of thalidomide by pregnant women in the 1950s led to
the birth of thousands of children with defects of skeleton (lack of
extremities). This congenital defect is the result of:
monosomy
gene mutation
triploidy
+ modifications
trisomy
189. The underdevelopment of ovaries is observed in the sick
woman, thus the trisomy on the X-chromosome (karyotype XXX)
is found. How many Barr's bodies will be determined in somatic
cells?
0
1
+2
3
4
190. A 15-year-old boy suffers from alkaptonuria. His urine turns

black after settling. Hereditary metabolic disorder of which sub-
stance is taking place?
Uric acid
+ Tyrosine
Cysteine
Alanine
Urea
191. During genetic examination of patients with chronic myelol-
eukemia, specific anomaly of one of chromosomes was revealed.
Such chromosome has received the name "Philadelphia" and it is
a genetic marker of the disease. What type of chromosome aber-
ration takes place in this case?
nd
Deletion of short arm of one of chromosomes of the 22 pair
st
Translocation of short arm of one of chromosomes of 21 pair
nd
Duplication of long arm of one of chromosomes of the 22 pair
nd
+ Deletion of part of long arm of one of chromosomes of the 22 pair with
th
translocation to the 9 chromosome
st
Inversion of short arm of one of chromosomes of 21 pair
192. 16-year-old young man addressed to the genetic consultation
concerning disturbance of color recognition: he does not distin-
guish green and red colors. He told that his father also does not
distinguish these colors, and color recognition in mother is not
broken. What can be told in this regard about mother's genotype?
Polygenic on the daltonism gene
Homozygous on the daltonism gene
Homozygous on the gene of normal recognition of color
Homozygous on the hemeralopia (day blindness) gene
+ Heterozygous on the daltonism gene
193. The man with chromosomal damage has the balanced trans-
location of a long arm of the 21 st chromosome on the 13th chro-
mosome. Highest risk of what disease exists for his children?
Turner's syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
Patau syndrome
+ Down syndrome
194. Continuous taking of some drugs foregoing the pregnancy in-
crease the risk of giving birth to a child with congenital defects.
What is this effect called?
+ Mutagenic effect
Blastomogenic effect
Teratogenic effect
Fetotoxical effect
Embryotoxical effect
195. Examination of a 12-year-old boy with developmental lag re-
vealed achondroplasia: disproportional constitution with evident
shortening of upper and lower limbs as a result of growth disorder
of epiphyseal cartilages of long tubular bones. This disease is:
congenital
acquired
inherited, sex-linked
inherited, recessive
+ inherited, dominant
196. Dark spots indicating the formation of homogentisic acid are
found on diapers of the newborn child. With disturbance of me-
tabolism of what substance it is associated?
Galactose
+ Tyrosine
Tryptophane
Cholesterol
Methionine
197. Sex chromosomes of a woman didn't separate and move to
the opposite poles of a cell during gametogenesis (meiosis). The
ovum was impregnated with a normal spermatozoon. Which
chromosomal disease can be found in her child?
Patau's syndrome
+ Turner's syndrome
Cat cry syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
Down's syndrome
198. A boy referred to a genetics clinic was found to have one
drumstick in blood neutrophils. The boy is likely to have the fol-
lowing syndrome:
Turner's
+ Klinefelter's
Trisomy X
Edwards'
Down's
199. A couple had a child with Down's syndrome. Mother is 42
years old. This disease is most probably caused by the following
impairment of prenatal development:
blastopathy
+ gametopathy
embryopathy
non-specific fetopathy
specific fetopathy
200. Cytogenetic examination of the patient with reproductive
dysfunction revealed normal karyotype 46,XY in some cells, but
most of cells have karyotype of Klinefelter's syndrome – 47,XXY.
Such phenomenon of cell heterogeneity is called:
+ mosaicism
duplication
inversion
1
heterogeneity
transposition
201. Two-year-old child who has impairment of intellectual and
physical development and suffers on frequent vomiting after
meal, was taken to the hospital. Phenylpyruvic acid was defined
in urine. What consequence of disturbance this pathology has?
+ Metabolism of amino acids
Carbohydrate metabolism
Water-salt exchange
Lipid metabolism
Phosphorus-calcium metabolism
202. The man with daltonism married the healthy woman whose
father had daltonism and mother is healthy, and patients with
daltonism are not present among her relatives. Define probability
of the birth of children sick with daltonism in this family.
0%
25%
+ 50%
75%
100%
203. The 14-year-old boy has high growth with eunuchoid propor-
tions of a body, narrow shoulders, wide pelvis, the hypodermic
basis is excessively developed, pilosis in a pubis zone is of female
type, penis has normal size, and intelligence is considerably low-
ered. What pathology should be suspected?
1
During exams in 2010 and 2011 this answer was replaced by "monomorphism".
Down syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
204. The 35-year-old woman had car accident and got brain con-
cussion. Soon after discharge from the hospital, the first disorders
of mentality appeared, which became deeper, and in a year the
diagnosis were made to her – schizophrenia. Studying of a pedi-
gree showed that schizophrenics are also present among her
cousins and second cousins. In this case schizophrenia is:
congenital disease
hereditary disease
the acquired disease
+ disease with hereditary predisposition
remote consequence of a trauma
205. During examination of the patient, who complains of general
weakness and bone pain, the diagnosis "chronic myeloleukemia"
was established. Name the chromosomal anomaly typical for the
majority of cases of this disease.
st
Duplication of the 21 chromosome
th nd
+ Translocation of the 9 chromosome on the 22 chromosome
st th
Translocation of the 21 chromosome on the 15 chromosome
th
Partial deletion of the 12 chromosome
Full deletion of the X chromosome
206. Fructosemia is the hereditary disease caused by sharp de-
crease of the activity of enzyme fructose-bisphosphate aldolase.
This disease meets frequency of 1:20000 in the population. On
what type fructosemia is inherited?
X-linked dominant inheritance
X-linked recessive inheritance
Holandric inheritance
Autosomal dominant inheritance
+ Autosomal recessive inheritance
207. The newborn child has such symptoms: spasms, vomiting,
jaundice, specific odour of urine. The doctor-geneticist stated
suspicion about hereditary disease of metabolism. What method
of investigation needs to be used for statement of the exact diag-
nosis in the absence of DNA diagnostics?
Dermatoglyphic
+ Biochemical
Cytogenetic
Twin study
208. High palate, wrong growth of big teeth with defects of tooth
enamel was revealed in the young man who has high growth (187
cm). During investigation of buccal scraping by means of lumi-
nescent microscopy, two Y chromosomes were revealed. This
anomaly is the result of:
monosomy
alloploidy
nullisomy
autopolyploidy
+ trisomy
209. The pregnant woman for the first time consulted the doctor
of genetic consultation concerning possible hereditary pathology
in her future child. What method will be the first during her ex-
amination?
Cytogenetic
Twin study
Karyotyping
+ Genealogical
Biochemical
210. Mohr's syndrome is inherited as dominant and is followed by
numerous anomalies of development of a skeleton (brachydac-
tyly), disturbance of teeth formation, hypodontia, etc. What
method of human genetics will be used by the doctor for differen-
tiation of this pathology from possible genocopy and for the prog-
nosis of possible pathology in descendants?
+ Genealogical
Cytogenetic
Dermatoglyphic
Twin study
211. People with Down syndrome have anomalies of front part of
a skull, including hypoplasia of the upper jaw, high palate, the
wrong growth of teeth. What karyotype is characteristic for the
man with Down syndrome?
47, XY, +18
47, XXY
+ 47, XY, +21
48, XXXY
47, XXX
212. Children with congenital heart diseases, deafness and cata-
ract were born in six women, who were ill with viral disease (ru-
bella) in the first third of pregnancy. What result of influence of
the virus is observed in this case?
Cancerogenic
Recombination of genes
Malignization
Genocopy
+ Teratogenic
213. Hypertrichosis of auricles is caused by a gene that is localized
in Y-chromosome1. Father has this feature. What is the probabil-
ity that son will have this anomaly?2
25%
35%
0%
+ 100%
75%
214. The diagnosis Turner's syndrome was established to the sick
woman. Karyotype is 45,XO. What number of sex chromosomes
is present in this set?
+ One
Zero
Two
Forty four
Forty five
215. There is ichthyosis in the family pedigree. This feature ap-
pears in each generation and is typical only of male. What type of
inheritance does this feature have?
Recessive, X-linked
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
+ Y-linked
Dominant, X-linked
216. In marriage of the healthy woman and man, who has vitamin
1
This information is out of date. According to more careful study, this trait is autosomal (some
families hid their affected female members).
2
In the book Collec ion of asks , another similar question is also present: An excessive ear
pilosis (hypertrichosis) is determined by the gene, which is localized in Y chromosome. A man
has got this feature. What is the probability of his having a son with such a feature? Answers:
75%; 0%; 25%; 35%; 100%. Authors propose the answer "100%" as correct but this is a mis-
take. When you ask about probability that parents will have a son with a feature, you should to
calculate this probability among ALL children and correct answer must be 50%. Hence authors
do not propose correct answer at all.
D-resistant rickets, all sons are healthy, and all daughters have
this disease. Establish type of inheritance of the specified pathol-
ogy:
autosomal recessive
autosomal dominant
recessive, linked with X chromosome
+ dominant, linked with X chromosome
linked with Y chromosome
217. During a prophylactic medical examination, a 7-year-old boy
was diagnosed with daltonism. His parents are healthy and have
normal color vision, but his grandfather on his mother's side has
the same abnormality. What is the type of the abnormality inher-
itance?
Autosomal dominant
Sex-linked dominant
+ Sex-linked recessive
Autosomal recessive
1
218. The child with hemophilia – the serious recessive illness,
which is linked with sex, was born in healthy parents. What is
characteristic for X-linked recessive type of inheritance?
Sick father always has all sick daughters and healthy sons
+ The trait appears in half of sons of heterozygous mother, who is a carrier,
and sick daughter always has sick father
Sick man always has sick father and sick brothers
The trait appears in all sons of heterozygous mother, who is a carrier, and
women have no such disease
Sick father always has all sick sons and healthy daughters
219. A proband, his three sons, his brother and father have syn-
dactyly2. His sisters and two daughters do not have this sign.
What is the character of the inheritance of this sign?
+ Holandric
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
Dominant, X-linked
Recessive, X-linked
220. It is known that, except autosomal, there is sex-linked inher-
itance. What is characteristic for inheritance of the recessive
1
In the book Collec ion of asks and in some exam booklets "semidominance".
2
Another possible disease in the question is ichthyosis.
traits that are linked with X chromosome?

Are absent in men at all
More often are found in phenotype of women
Are found in men and women with identical frequency
+ More often are found in phenotype of men
Are absent in women at all
221. After the genealogy analysis, a geneticist came to the con-
clusion: a feature is manifested in each generation, men and
women inherit the feature with equal frequency, parents in the
equal way give this feature to their offspring. What type of inher-
itance does the investigated feature have? 1
+ Autosomal-dominant inheritance
X-linked dominant inheritance
X-linked recessive inheritance
Autosomal-recessive inheritance
Y-linked inheritance
222. Young healthy spouses have two children with Tay–Sachs
disease (disease of accumulation of lipids). Parents are found to
be relatives. What is the most probable type of inheritance of this
disease?
+ Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
Dominant, linked with X chromosome
223. The skin of a newborn boy is covered with a thick layer of ke-
ratinized scales (ichthyosis). It looks like reptile skin. After the in-
vestigation of the pedigree of his family, it was revealed that this
feature occurs in each generation only in males. Which of the be-
low mentioned biological regularities becomes apparent in this
case?
The law of independent assortment
The law of unit characters
The law of segregation
+ Sex-linked inheritance
Linkage of genes
224. The pedigree of the family with brachydactyly is character-
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: Due to the results of
the pedigree analysis a geneticist found out that a feature becomes apparent in each genera-
tion, a male and a female inherit this feature with the same frequency, both parents transmit-
ting this feature to their children. What type of inheritance does this feature have?
ized by the following: a ratio between the affected men and

women is 1:1, nearly a half of children of the affected parents are
affected. What is the type of inheritance of this trait?
Autosomal recessive
+ Autosomal dominant
225. During medico-genetic counseling of the family with heredi-
tary pathology, it was revealed that anomaly is appears through
generation in men. What type of inheritance is characteristic of
this hereditary anomaly?
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
+ Recessive, linked with X chromosome
226. The proband has webbed fingers on legs. His three sons also
have fingers that grow together, and two daughters have normal
fingers. Sisters of the proband have normal fingers. Fingers of his
brother and father are webbed too. How the transferred trait is
called?
Recessive
Allelic
Dominant
Expressive
+ Holandric
227. The genealogical method of human genetics allows to estab-
lish the type of inheritance of a trait. What is not typical for auto-
somal recessive inheritance?
The probability of the birth of the sick child makes 25%
+ Presence of patients in all generations
Presence of patients "across" the pedigree
Rather small amount of patients in a pedigree
Phenotypically healthy parents of the sick child are heterozygous
228. Both a mother and a father are phenotypically healthy. They
have a sick baby in whose blood and urine phenylpyruvic acid has
been found, which indicates phenylketonuria. What is the type of
the inheritance of this disease?
Autosomal dominant
Recessive, X-linked
Y-linked
Dominant, X-linked
229. A couple has a son with haemophilia. The parents are healthy
but the maternal grandfather also has haemophilia. Specify the
type of inheritance:1
2
Y-linked
Autosomal recessive
Dominant, sex-linked
+ Recessive, sex-linked
Autosomal dominant
230. Hypertrichosis is the Y-linked character3. The father has hy-
pertrichosis, and the mother is healthy. In this family, te proba-
bility of having a child with hypertrichosis is:
+ 0.5
1
0.25
0.125
0.0625
231. During the pedigree analysis of a family with such an inherit-
ed pathology as transgression of enamel formation, it was found
that the disease appeared in each generation. It is inherited by
daughters from fathers. What type of inheritance can we observe
in this case?
+ Dominant, X-linked
Recessive, X-linked
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
Y-linked
232. A man suffering from a hereditary disease married a healthy
woman. They got five children, three girls and two boys. All the
girls inherited the father's disease. What is the type of the dis-
ease inheritance?
Autosomal recessive
Y-linked
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: A child, ill with hemo-
philia, has been born to healthy parents, but the mother's grandfather had hemophilia, too.
What type of inheritance does this feature have?
2
In the exam booklet (2012) the answer "semidominance" was present but we replaced it.
3
This information is out of date. According to more careful study, this trait is autosomal (some
families hid their affected female members).
Recessive, X-linked
+ Dominant, X-linked
Autosomal dominant
233. Pedigree analysis showed that the proband's disease oc-
curred in each generation, affected a relatively big number of
sibs, both men and women. What type of inheritance does it point
out?
Y-linked
Autosomal recessive
Dominant, X-linked
Recessive, X-linked
234. The study of the genealogy of a family with hypertrichosis
(hirsutism or pilosis) has demonstrated that this trait is manifest-
ed in all generations only in men and is inherited by son from his
father. What is the type of hypertrichosis inheritance? 1
Autosomal-recessive
X-linked recessive
2
+ Y-linked
Autosomal-dominant
X-linked dominant
235. During employment to the chemical and pharmaceutical en-
terprise, some men who did not feel odour of hydrocyanic acid
were revealed. What type of inheritance is characteristic for this
anomaly?
Linked with X chromosome, dominant
+ Linked with X chromosome, recessive
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
236. Frequency of cardiovascular diseases constantly increases in
human populations because these diseases are:
+ multifactorial
autosomal dominant
linked with X chromosome
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: In a family pedigree
hypertrichosis (excessive pilosis of the auricle) is observed. This feature appears in each gen-
eration and is typical only of men. What type of inheritance does this feature have?
2
In the site http://testcentr.org.ua/ (2013), incorrect phrase was used: "connected with Y-chro-
mosome". The term "Y-linked" must be used. Also information about hypertrichosis is out of
date. According to more careful study, this trait is autosomal.
autosomal recessive
chromosomal
237. A geneticist analyzed the genealogy of a family and found
that both males and females may have the illness, not across all
the generations, and that healthy parents may have ill children.
What is the type of illness inheritance?
+ Autosomal-recessive
Y-linked
X-linked recessive
Autosomal-dominant
X-linked dominant
238. In genetic consultation, spouses asked a question about
probability of the birth of children with X-linked form of rickets.
The father is healthy, but mother and the grandmother from the
maternal line have this disease. Vitamin-D resistant rickets can
appear in:
daughters only
+ half of daughters and sons
sons only
all children
the correct answer is absent (all children will be healthy)
239. Healthy woman from two of her marriages has three sons af-
fected by daltonism. Both of her husbands are healthy. What is
the most possible type of inheritance of this disease?
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
+ Recessive, linked with X chromosome
240. As a result of prophylactic medical examination, a 7-year-old
boy was diagnosed with Lesch–Nyhan syndrome (only boys are
affected). His parents are healthy but his grandfather by his
mother's side suffers from the same disease. What is the type of
disease inheritance?
Autosomal recessive
Dominant, sex-linked
Autosomal dominant
+ Recessive, sex-linked
1
Y-linked
1
Another possible answer is "semidominance", but it is not a type of inheritance.
241. The healthy young woman, which father suffers from Taybi
syndrome (multiple anomalies of the face and skeleton, abnormal
growth of teeth), consulted the doctor-geneticist. The disease is
inherited as the X-linked recessive one. Predict the birth of the
sick child for this woman if her husband is healthy.
37.5%
+ 25%
56.25%
50%
75%
242. During oogenesis, the cell with unbalanced number of chro-
mosomes – 22 chromosomes – was formed; X chromosome is
absent. What probability of appearance of the child with Kline-
felter's syndrome if this cell will be fertilized by a spermatozoon
with normal number of chromosomes?
+ 0%
100%
50%
25%
75%
243. 16-year-old girl consulted the stomatologist concerning dark
enamel of teeth. When studying a family tree, it was established
that this pathology is transmitted from the father to all girls, and
from heterozygotic mother to 50% of boys. What is the type of
inheritance of this disease?
Dominant, linked with Y chromosome
Autosomal dominant
+ Dominant, linked with X chromosome
Autosomal recessive
244. A female patient sought medical-genetic consultation. Physi-
cal examination revealed pterygium colli deformity (webbed
neck), broad chest, underdeveloped breasts. Study of buccal epi-
thelium cells revealed no X-chromatin in the nuclei. This indicates
that the patient has the following syndrome:
+ Turner's
Klinefelter's
Patau's
Down's
Edwards'
245. Hairs grow intensively on edge of auricles of the man and his
son. This phenomenon was observed also in the man's father.

What type of inheritance is characteristic for this trait?
+ Linked with Y chromosome
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
246. Changes in human karyotype cause chromosomal diseases.
Specify what of these disturbances are lethal.
Monosomy of X chromosome
+ Monosomies of autosomes
Trisomy of X chromosome
Polysomy of Y chromosome
Trisomies of autosomes
247. It is known that in case of related marriages of healthy peo-
ple, children with hereditarily pathologies are born more often. At
what type of inheritance it more often occurs?
Autosomal dominant
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
Cytoplasmatic
248. The additional X chromosome was revealed in the man by
karyotyping method. Specify probability of the birth of the son if
he marriage healthy woman.
+ 0%
50%
75%
25%
100%
249. Specify, to what type of mutations it is possible to belong the
organism with trisomy on the 13th chromosome (Patau syn-
drome), the 18th chromosome (Edwards' syndrome), and the 21st
chromosome (Down syndrome).
Aneuploidy of heterosomes
Structural chromosome aberrations
Phenocopies
Somatic mutations
+ Aneuploidy of autosomes
250. Dietotherapy can prevent clinical manifestation of a number
of hereditary diseases or facilitate their clinical course. What type
of variation is caused by dietotherapy?

Mutational
Combinational
Correlative
+ Modification
Teratogenic
251. The child with Patau syndrome was born in healthy parents.
By means of what method of human genetics it is possible to dif-
ferentiate this hereditary disease from phenocopy?
By determination of sex chromatin
+ Cytogenetic
Biochemical
Twin study
Dermatoglyphic
252. Genetic determination of disorder of lipid metabolism can be
associated with deficiency of lysosomal enzymes, be followed by
increase in concentration of lipids in blood serum, and it plays an
important role in development of atherosclerosis. Thus accumu-
lated action of many genes that influence on the development of
pathology occurs. What group of diseases can be caused by this
action of genes?
Monogenic diseases
Mitochondrial diseases
Genomic diseases
+ Multifactorial diseases
253. In the liquid received during amniocentesis, cells with Y
chromosome were revealed. Whether is it an indicator for induced
abortion?
Yes, it indicates pathology
No, it is pleiotropy
+ No, it indicates that fetus is male
No, it is sex-linked inheritance
No, twins will be born
254. Children with congenital shortcomings of development are
born more often in women of advanced age (35–45 years). What
is the major factor, which influences on appearance of heavy
anomalies that are often not compatible with life?
Insufficient number of oocytes
Decrease in general metabolism
Insufficient hormonal activity
+ Genetic defects in oocytes throughout life

Disturbance of production of ova in the woman
255. The diagnosis of Patau syndrome was made to the newborn
child with many malformations. What is the prognosis of life at
this syndrome?
Average life expectancy is 3 weeks
+ Average life expectancy is 3 months
Average life expectancy is 3 years
Average life expectancy is 10 years
Forecast of life is favorable
256. The child with Down syndrome with a karyotype of 46 chro-
mosomes was born in healthy parents. However, one of chromo-
somes of D group had the extended short arm. What method re-
vealed an unbalanced translocation of an extra chromosome 21?
+ Cytogenetic
Biochemical
Genealogical
Twin study
257. Sex chromatin was revealed in cells of the man with eu-
nuchoid and slightly feminized body structure. What diagnosis can
be made?
Down syndrome
Patau syndrome
Trisomy X
Phenylketonuria
258. Monosomy X was revealed in the 14-year-old girl. What di-
agnosis will be made?
Down syndrome
+ Turner's syndrome
Patau syndrome
Mucoviscidosis
Wilson Konovalov's disease
259. Vomiting began in the newborn child. The laboratory analysis
of urine showed the enhanced content of amino acids with
branched chain – valine, leucine, isoleucine. Urine has a charac-
teristic odour of maple syrup. What hereditary disease is associ-
ated with these changes?
+ Leucinosis
Cystinosis
Alkaptonuria
Fructosuria
Mucoviscidosis
260. Parents of the child consulted the doctor-geneticist for more
precise definition of the diagnosis. During research of the child,
liver pathology (cirrhosis, high content of copper) and movement
disorders were determined. What hereditary disease of metabo-
lism disorder is available in the child?
Tay Sachs disease
Lesch Nyhan syndrome
+ Wilson Konovalov's disease
Niemann Pick disease
Gaucher disease
261. The sweat test – investigation of the content of chlorine and
sodium in sweat – was carried out to the two-year-old girl with
suspicion on molecular hereditary disease. It was established that
their concentration exceeds norm by 5 times. For what hereditary
disease it is characteristic?
Phenylketonuria
Galactosemia
Fructosemia
+ Mucoviscidosis
Homocystinuria
262. The patient among somatic cells with normal karyotype has
cells with trisomy on 21 st pair. What is the mechanism of this mu-
tation?
st
nondisjunction of chromosomes of the 21 pair during oogenesis
st
+ nondisjunction of chromosomes of the 21 pair during mitosis
st
nondisjunction of chromosomes of the 21 pair during spermatogenesis
structural chromosome aberration
gene mutation
263. Specify, what set of sex chromosomes is present in the
woman if the mass of sex chromatin is not revealed in nuclei of
the epithelium of mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
XXY
XY
XXXX
XX
+ XO
264. During examination of the two-month child, the female pedi-
atrician paid attention that crying of the child resembles cat's cry;
microcephaly and heart disease is diagnosed. By means of cyto-

genetic method, the child's karyotype was found: 46,XX,5p –. This
disease is a consequence of:
duplication
+ deletion
inversion
translocation
pleiotropy
265. The newborn boy has dolichocephalic skull, microstomia, nar-
row palpebral fissures, and the deformed auricles. Karyotype of
the child is 47,XY,18+. Establish the diagnosis.
Patau syndrome
Down syndrome
Turner's syndrome
+ Edwards' syndrome
266. Myotonic dystrophy is characterized by muscular weakness,
myotonia, and cardiac arrhythmia. The analysis of a family tree
has revealed that the disease is found in each generation, meets
identically in individuals of both sexes, parents equally transmit
the disease to children. Define type of inheritance of this disease.
Autosomal recessive
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
Y-linked
267. Each doctor has to know markers, which are characteristic
for hereditary diseases. Crystalline lens dislocation was revealed
in the patient. What syndrome will be diagnosed by the doctor, if
he also will take into account features of the shape of hand and
foot of the patient?
+ Marfan's syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Down syndrome
Trisomy X
268. Urine of the sick child has specific sweetish odour. It is asso-
ciated with disturbance of metabolism of such amino acids as leu-
cine, isoleucine, and valine. What diagnosis will be made to the
child by the doctor?
Phenylketonuria
Fructosuria
Galactosemia
Alkaptonuria
+ Maple syrup urine disease
269. In the case of disturbance of metabolism of one of amino ac-
ids, the diagnosis is confirmed by direct determination of activity
of histidase in a horn layer of skin or in liver tissue. What heredi-
tary disease one can talk about?
Homocystinuria
+ Histidinemia
Phenylketonuria
Cystinuria
Tyrosinemia
270. What hereditary disease is characterized by association of
cirrhosis, dystrophic processes of a brain and reduction of the
content of ceruloplasmin?
Tay Sachs disease
Niemann Pick disease
+ Wilson Konovalov's disease
Marfan's syndrome
Gilbert's disease
271. Karyotype of the patient's with Turner's syndrome is studied.
Cell fission is stopped at metaphase stage of mitosis. How many
chromosomes are present at this stage in one metaphase plate?
43 autosomes + 2 X chromosomes
+ 44 autosomes + 1 X chromosome
272. During investigation of cells of buccal epithelium of the mu-
cous membrane of a cheek, no mass of sex chromatin was re-
vealed in the male patient. What is possible diagnosis?
+ Normal man
Turner's syndrome
Syndrome "superman"
Morris' syndrome
273. The woman gave birth to two babies. The provisional diagno-
sis was made to one child: syndrome of "cat's cry", which is char-
acterized by the "mewing" voice timbre. By means of what meth-
od it is possible to confirm or disprove this diagnosis?
Biochemical method
Amniocentesis
Twin study
274. By means of a cytogenetic method, the patient's karyotype
with Klinefelter's syndrome 47,XXY is studied. How many masses
of sex chromatin are present in a nucleus of one cell in this case?
Two
+ One
Four
No mass
Three
275. Galactosemia is an autosomal recessive disease, which leads
to injury of brain, liver, and eyes if the child remains on breast-
feeding. What method of genetic examination needs to be applied
to exact establishment of the diagnosis?
Twin study
Genealogical method
Hybridizations of somatic cells
+ Biochemical method
Cytogenetic method
276. Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive disease at which
disturbance of phenylalanine metabolism is characterized by vari-
able expressivity. What is the main method of prevention and
treatment of this disease?
Application of a diet without amino acids
+ Application of a diet with low concentration of phenylalanine
Use of special medicines
Application of herbs
Application of a diet without fats
277. By means of cytogenetic method, the woman's karyotype
with syndrome X trisomy was established: 47,XXX. How many
masses of sex chromatin are present in a nucleus of one cell in
this case?
One
Four
No mass
+ Two
Three
278. During oogenesis (meiosis I) in the woman, the oocyte II
with 22 chromosomes and polar body with 24 chromosomes was

formed owing to nondisjunction of sex chromosomes (X chromo-
somes). What is the probability of appearance of the child with
Turner's syndrome, if the formed ovum will be fertilized by a
spermatozoon with normal chromosome number?
0%
25%
50%
75%
+ 100%
279. Scoliosis is a spinal curvature. According to scientists, in 60-
70 years of the 20th century, this disease was considered to in-
herit according to autosomal dominant type. But by the analysis
of different genealogical families with cases of scoliosis, it was
proved that the trait is characterized by variable expressivity and
incomplete penetrance. Appearance of a trait is increased in fami-
lies of patients. Such features of manifestation of a trait specify:
autosomal dominant type of inheritance
autosomal recessive type of inheritance
X-linked type of inheritance
+ multifactorial type of inheritance
dependence of trait manifestation on external factors only
280. To the newborn child who refuses food and has periodic vom-
iting, the diagnosis was made: Niemann–Pick disease. What met-
abolic disorder this disease is associated with?
Amino acids
+ Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Mineral substances
281. The child with Down syndrome with a karyotype of 46 chro-
mosomes was born in healthy parents. However, one of chromo-
somes of group D had the extended short arm. The unbalanced
translocation of the additional 21st chromosome was revealed.
This case belongs to what form of variation?
Genomic mutation
Modification
Gene mutation
+ Chromosome mutation
Recombination
282. The increased "folded" tongue that protrudes from the
mouth, high palate, the wrong growth of teeth, diastema, cross

stripes on lips, and epicanthus are observed in the child. What
disease is present in the child?
+ Down syndrome
Patau syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
Turner's syndrome
283. Changes of genes or chromosomes in gametes of parents
lead to that the zygote carries the corresponding mutation from
the moment of its formation. The malformations caused by such
genetic changes are called:
multifactorial
exogenous
environmental
+ hereditary
phylogenetic
284. The woman gave birth to the child with pathology of maxillo-
facial area (cleft lip and cleft hard palate). What method of diag-
nostics needs to be used to confirm hereditary character of the
given pathology?
Twin study
Genealogical method
Biochemical method
285. In the cases of metabolic disorders, deviations from normal
composition of urine are observed. Content of what acid is in-
creased in urine in the case of alkaptonuria?
+ Homogentisic
Phenylpyruvic
Acetoacetic
Uric
Pyruvic
286. Konovalov–Wilson's disease is diagnosed in the patient. In-
crease of what microelement in urine confirms this diagnosis?
Sulfur
Sodium
+ Copper
Potassium
Calcium
287. Blood test showed that the patient has abnormal hemoglobin
S and erythrocytes have abnormal shape. The patient complains
of increased fatigue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Phenylketonuria
Gout
Hemophilia
Galactosemia
288. Disturbance of normal color perception is the recessive trait
linked with X chromosome. Mother is the carrier of the gene of
daltonism, and the father is the color-blind person. In this family
the probability of the birth of the child with abnormal color per-
ception will make:
0.125
0.75
+ 0.5
0.25
1
289. The provisional diagnosis – Turner's syndrome – was made
to the girl. The karyotyping is carried out. On the anaphase stage
of mitosis, the number of chromosomes in one cell will make:
45
+ 90
46
92
94
290. Analysis of amniotic fluid that was obtained as a result of
amniocentesis (puncture of amniotic sac) revealed cells with the
nuclei that contain sex chromatin (Barr's body). What can it be
evidence of?
Genetic disorders of fetus development
Development of male fetus
Polyploidy
+ Development of female fetus
Trisomy
291. According to the phenotypic diagnosis, a female patient has
been provisionally diagnosed with X-chromosome polysomia. This
diagnosis can be confirmed by cytogenetic method. What karyo-
type will allow to confirm the diagnosis?
46,XX
48,XXXY
48,XXYY
47,XXY
+ 47,XXX
292. During medico-genetic counseling, it was revealed that he-
mophilia skips generation and appears in males only. What meth-
od of medical genetics was used for this purpose?
Twin study
+ Genealogical method
Dermatoglyphics
Cytogenetic method
Amniocentesis
293. Niemann–Pick disease is the hereditary disease caused by
disturbance of metabolism of lipids. Accumulation of sphingomye-
lin in liver, brain, spleen, kidneys, and skin is noted. Girls and
boys are ill equally. The disease appears during the first months
of life and leads to death in early children's age. What is the type
of inheritance of this disease?
Autosomal dominant
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
Y-linked
294. 19-year-old girl has such group of clinically revealed traits:
low height, sexual infantilism, lag in intellectual and sexual devel-
opment, heart disease. What is the most possible reason of this
pathology?
th
th
Partial monosomy
th
+ Monosomy on the X chromosome
295. The analysis of a genealogy of the family with cases of teeth
anomaly (dark enamel) showed that the disease is transmitted
from mother to daughters and sons equally, and from the father
only to his daughters. What is the type of inheritance of this trait?
Autosomal recessive
X-linked recessive
Autosomal dominant
+ X-linked dominant
Codominant
296. The child with cleft lip and cleft palate, anomalies of thumbs
of a hand) and microcephaly was born in healthy spouses. Karyo-

type of the child is 47,18+. What type of a mutation caused this
hereditary disease?
Monosomy on an autosome
Monosomy on the X chromosome
Polyploidy
Nullisomy
+ Trisomy on an autosome
297. The 22-year-old woman consulted a doctor with the com-
plaint to infertility. During examination, it was revealed that the
karyotype is 45,XO, height is 145 cm, wing-shaped folds are pre-
sent on a neck, secondary sexual traits are underdeveloped. What
disease this phenotype indicates to?
+ Turner's syndrome
Patau syndrome
Trisomy X
Trisomy Y
298. The woman, who took alcoholic beverages during pregnancy,
gave birth to the deaf child with cleft upper lip and cleft palate.
These traits resemble manifestation of some chromosomal anom-
alies. What process has led to such consequences?
Carcinogenesis
Ontogenesis
+ Teratogenesis
Phylogenesis
Mutagenesis
299. The man, his son and daughter have no small molars. Such
anomaly was observed also in the grandfather on the father's
side. What is the most possible type of inheritance of this anoma-
ly?
Autosomal recessive
Dominant, linked with X-chromosome
Recessive, linked with X-chromosome
Y-linked
300. Enamel hypoplasia is caused by a dominant gene localized in
the X chromosome. Mother has normal enamel, and father has
enamel hypoplasia. Which of children will have this anomaly?
All the children
+ Only the daughters
Only the sons

Half of the daughters
Half of the sons
301. 17-year-old young man addressed to genetic consultation
concerning deviations in physical and sexual development. During
microscopy of cells of mucous membrane of a mouth, one Barr's
body was revealed. Specify the most probable karyotype of the
young man.
45, XO
+ 47, XXY
47, 21+
47, 18+
47, XYY
302. Examination of a 7-year-old child revealed the following
symptoms: small height, broad roundish face, closely placed eyes
with narrow palpebral fissures, half-open mouth. Valvular defect
has been also diagnosed. These clinical presentations are most
likely typical for Down's syndrome. Name the cause of such pa-
thology:
st
+ Trisomy of the 21 chromosome
th
X-chromosome trisomy
Partial monosomy
Nondisjunction of sexual chromosomes
303. Very big teeth are a Y-linked sign. Mother's teeth are of nor-
mal size, and her son's teeth are very big. Probability of father's
having very large teeth is:
12.5%
25%
50%
75%
+ 100%
304. An 8 month old child has non-closed palate, a number of eye
defects, microcephaly, disorder of cardiovascular system. Cyto-
genetic analysis revealed 47 chromosomes with an additional 13th
chromosome. What diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical
observations and cytogenetic examinations?
Cat cry syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
Down's syndrome
+ Patau's syndrome
305. A group of students has representatives of different races.
One of the students has straight black hair and overhanging skin
fold of superior eyelid – epicanthus. What race does this student
most probably represent?
Negroid
+ Mongoloid
1
Caucasoid
Australoid
Ethiopian
306. Tetracycline taking in the first half of pregnancy causes ab-
normalities of fetus organs and systems, including tooth hypo-
plasia and alteration of their colour. What type of variability is the
child's disease related to?
Combinative
Mutational
+ Modification
Hereditary
Recombinant
307. A 1.5-year-old child was taken to the hospital. The examina-
tion revealed dementia, disorder of motor functions regulation,
hypopigmentation of skin, high rate of phenylalanine in blood.
What is the most probable diagnosis?
Galactosemia
Tyrosinosis
Down's syndrome
Mucoviscidosis
+ Phenylketonuria
308. Tricho-dento-osteal syndrome is one of ectodermic dyspla-
sias, which is characterized by damage of teeth, hair, and bones.
The analysis of a family tree revealed existence of pathology in
each generation in men and women. On what type this syndrome
is inherited?
Autosomal recessive
Recessive, X-linked
Dominant, X-linked
Y-linked
309. A 25-year-old patient consulted a doctor about dysmenor-
1
During exam in 2007, incorrect word "Europeoid" was used.
rhea and infertility. Examination revealed that the patient was

145 cm high and had underdeveloped secondary sex characteris-
tics, alar folds on the neck. Cytological study didn't reveal any
Barr bodies in the somatic cells. What diagnosis was made?
Trisomy X syndrome
+ Turner's syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Morris syndrome
Down syndrome
310. During the examination of the man's epithelium of the cheek
mucosa, it was established that in most cells the nuclei had Barr
bodies. What syndrome is it typical of?
Turner's syndrome
Down's syndrome
Edwards' syndrome
311. Mucoviscidosis is shown not in each generation, women and
men inherit a trait with equal frequency, and healthy parents
transmit the trait to the children with equal frequency. On what
type it is inherited?
Autosomal dominant
Mitochondrial
Linked with X chromosome
312. The disease, which is caused by the dominant gene localized
in the X chromosome, was revealed in the man. Who from chil-
dren will have this disease if the wife is healthy?
Only sons
+ Only daughters
All children
Half of daughters
Half of sons
313. During examination of buccal epithelium of the man with eu-
nuchoid traits, sexual X chromatin was revealed in many cells.
What chromosomal disease this is characteristic for?
Down's syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Marfan's syndrome
314. For some hereditary diseases that were incurable earlier,
possibility of curing by means of substitutive dietotherapy has
appeared with development of medical genetics. At present it
most of all concerns:
anemia
mucoviscidosis
+ phenylketonuria
cystinuria
achondroplasia
315. The man consulted a doctor concerning infertility. He has
high height, decrease in intelligence, and underdevelopment of
sexual glands. Sexual chromatin (1 Barr's body) is revealed in an
epithelium of mucous membrane of oral cavity. About what pa-
thology one can think?
Acromegaly
Adrenogenital syndrome
DiGeorge syndrome
Cushing's syndrome
316. The woman was infected with a measles virus during preg-
nancy. The child was born with malformations, which are called
cleft lips and cleft palate. These defects are manifestation of:
polyploidy
combinational variation
chromosome mutations
+ modification variation
aneuploidy
317. The man addressed to genetic consultation concerning infer-
tility. In nuclei of the majority of cells of epithelium of mucous
membrane of a cheek, one Barr's body was revealed. The cause
of such state can be:
Trisomy X
Turner's syndrome
Down's syndrome
Trisomy Y
318. A mother had been taken synthetic hormones during preg-
nancy. Her daughter was born with hirsutism 1 formally resem-
1
Excessive hairiness.
bling of adrenal syndrome. Such manifestation of variability is

called:
mutation
recombination
replication
heterosis
+ phenocopy
319. Parents of the newborn with damage of the maxillofacial sys-
tem (micrognathia, microstomia, short upper lip) addressed to
genetic consultation. The doctor suspected that this is a chromo-
somal disease. What method needs to be used for specification of
the diagnosis?
Immunogenetic
Dermatoglyphic
+ Cytogenetic
Genealogical
Biochemical
320. The child was born with many malformations: nonclosure of
upper lip and palate, microphthalmia, syndactyly, heart diseases,
anomalies of kidneys. He died at the age of one month. During
karyotyping, the set of chromosomes 47, 13+ was revealed in his
cells. What type of a mutation caused this disease?
Duplication
Translocation
Inversion
Polyploidy
+ Trisomy
321. In case of alkaptonuria, excess release of homogentisic acid
with urine happens. With disturbance of metabolism of what ami-
no acid this disease is developed?
Methionine
+ Tyrosine
Phenylalanine
Asparagine
Alanine
322. Amniocentesis revealed two sex chromatin bodies (Barr bod-
ies) in each cell of the sample. What disease is this character typ-
ical for?
Patau syndrome
+ Trisomy X
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Down's syndrome
323. The man according to the recommendation of the andrologist
addressed to genetic consultation concerning deviations of physi-
cal and mental development. The following was objectively estab-
lished: high growth, asthenic constitution, gynecomasty, and
mental retardation. By microscopy of cells of a mucous mem-
brane of a mouth, sexual chromatin (one Barr's body) was re-
vealed in 30% of cases. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Cushing's syndrome
Down syndrome
DiGeorge syndrome
Recklinghausen's disease
324. For diagnosing of some chromosomal diseases, determination
of sexual chromatin is used. Name the disease, for which this de-
termination is necessary:
Down syndrome
E trisomy
+ Turner's syndrome
hemophilia
Bruton's disease
325. An individual is characterized by rounded face, broad fore-
head, a mongolian type of eyelid fold, flattened nasal bridge,
permanently open mouth, projecting lower lip, protruding tongue,
short neck, flat hands, and stubby fingers. What diagnosis can be
put to the patient?
Alkaptonuria
+ Down's syndrome
Super male
Turner's syndrome
326. A healthy woman has three sons affected by color blindness
who were born after her two marriages. Children of her both hus-
bands are healthy. What is the most possible pattern of inher-
itance of this disease?
+ X-linked recessive
Autosomal-recessive
Y-linked
Autosomal-dominant
X-linked dominant
327. Woman accepted tranquilizers from the group of petroldiaze-

pines in the second half of pregnancy. Childbirth came in time,
proceeded normally, but the child with numerous anomalies of
development (cleft lip, polydactyly) was born. How the described
action of a remedy is called?
Fetotoxic effect
Mutagenic effect
+ Teratogenic effect
Blastomogenic effect
Embryotoxic effect
328. A child with normal karyotype is diagnosed with cleft lip and
hard palate, defects of the cardiovascular system, microcephaly.
The child's mother suffered rubella during pregnancy. This pa-
thology in the child may be an example of:
+ phenocopy
incomplete dominance
trisomy
genocopy
monosomy
329. The child with encephalopathy was born at young spouses.
The doctor established that the disease is associated with dis-
turbance of mitochondrial DNA. How mitochondrial pathologies
are inherited?
From mother to sons only
From both parents to all their children
From father to sons only
+ From mother to all her children
From father to daughters only
330. The child with multiple malformations was born at healthy
parents which heredity is not burdened. The cytogenetic analysis
revealed trisomy of the 18th chromosome (Edwards's syndrome)
in somatic cells of the child. With what phenomenon the birth of
such child is associated?
+ Nondisjunction of pair of chromosomes during gametogenesis
Somatic mutation in an embryo
Dominant mutation
Chromosome mutation duplication
Influence of teratogens
331. During the analysis of a family tree of a proband, it was re-
vealed that the trait appears with an identical frequency in repre-
sentatives of both sexes, sick persons are present in all genera-
tions (straight up), and across – in sibs (brothers and sisters of a

proband) in approximately large families. What is the mode of in-
heritance of this trait?
Y-linked
Autosomal recessive
X-linked recessive
X-linked dominant
332. Determination of X chromatin in somatic cells is used for ex-
press diagnosis of the hereditary diseases associated with change
of number of gonosomes. What is karyotype of the man if over-
whelming majority of his cells contain one body of X chromatin?
+ 47, XXY
45, XO
49, XXXXY
46, XY
48, XXXY
333. The doctor found in the child the rickets caused by deficiency
of vitamin D, but this rickets on its manifestations was similar to
hereditary vitamin-resistant rickets (curvature of tubular bones,
deformation of joints of the lower extremities, tooth abscesses).
How developmental anomalies, which resemble hereditary ones
but are not inherited, are called?
+ Phenocopies
Genocopies
Monosomies
Trisomies
Gene diseases
334. Detection of X-chromatin in somatic cells is used for the
quick diagnosis of hereditary diseases associated with a change in
the sex chromosome number. Vast majority of a man’s cells have
three X-chromatin bodies. What is the man’s karyotype?
45, X
46, XY
+ 49, XXXXY
47, XXY
48, XXXY
335. When examining a female patient, a doctor observed the fol-
lowing: misshapen auricles, elevated palate, teeth growth disor-
der; mental retardation; no disruption of reproductive function.
Provisional diagnosis is the "super woman" syndrome. Point out
the karyotype of this disease.

+ 47,XXX
47,XXY
47,YYY
47,XYY
45, 0
336. A sixteen-year-old girl has height of 139 cm, a wing-shaped
neck, undeveloped chest glands, primary amenorrhea. Most pos-
sibly, she has such karyotype:
46, XX / 46, XY
+ 45, X0
47, XXX
46, XX
46, XY
337. Vitamin D-resistant rickets is determined by the dominant
gene localized in the X chromosome. What genotype does the
healthy boy have, if in his family mother is healthy and this form
of rickets is diagnosed for the father?
AA
aa
a
+X Y
Aa
A
X Y
338. A woman is diagnosed with Turner’s syndrome (karyotype
45, X0). How many autosomal pairs would her somatic cells con-
tain?
24
23
44
45
+ 22
POPULATION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION

1. In one population, the part of the recessive allele makes 0.1,
in another population is 0.9. In what of these populations mar-
riages of heterozygotes are more probable?
+ In both populations they are identical
In the first
In the second
The event is impossible
All answers are wrong
2. In the area with the population 280 000 people, 14 albinos and
9 patients with phenylketonuria are registered. All traits are he-
reditary and are determined by autosomal recessive genes. By
what formula it is possible to determine probability of marriage of
carriers of these genes?
2 2
p + 2pq + q
2
pq
+ 2p1q1 2 2q2
p+q
2
p + 2pq
3. Hardy-Weinberg's law allows to determine genetic structure of
population, i.e. frequency of dominant and recessive genes, a ra-
tio of homo- and heterozygotes. It establishes that:
the ratio of genotypes in population changes
the ratio of genes in population remains constant
the ratio of genes in population changes
+ the ratio of alleles of alternative manifestations of a trait remains constant
the ratio of alleles of alternative manifestations of a trait changes
4. The Rh-positive fetus develops in the Rh-negative woman.
There was rhesus incompatibility, which threatens health of future
child. To what type of natural selection it is necessary to belong
this phenomenon?
Selection against homozygotes
+ Selection against heterozygotes
Selection in favor of heterozygotes
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
5. Under the influence of a mutagen the structure of a gene
changed and the recessive mutation appeared that got into a
gamete and then into the formed zygote. After reproduction of an
organism it got into some individuals. What happens with this
mutation further according to the Hardy–Weinberg's law if it does

not influence viability?
From generation to generation, its frequency will decrease, and it will grad-
ually disappear
From generation to generation, its frequency will increase
+ Its frequency in population remains to be constant
Frequency of this mutation can incidentally decrease or increase, or remain
constant
Frequency of this mutation will sharply decrease, and it will quickly disap-
pear
6. The disease sickle-cell anemia is caused by presence of a re-
cessive gene. People, who have this disease, as a rule, die at
children's age. However, the frequency of a gene is quite high.
Explain why the gene of sickle-cell anemia does not disappear as
a result of natural selection:
high frequency of mutations
panmixia
inbreeding
+ survival of heterozygotes
large distribution of the gene
7. The fundamental law of population genetics describes change
of frequencies of genes (alleles) or genotypes in populations. It
has the name:
Vavilov's law of homological rows
+ Hardy-Weinberg's law
st
1 Mendel's law
nd
2 Mendel's law
rd
3 Mendel's law
8. Malarial plasmodium – a causative agent of tertian malaria –
has two strains: southern and northern. They differ in duration of
the incubatory period: it is short in the southern strain, and it is
long in the northern strain. In this phenomenon, what action is
apparent?
Genetic drift
Isolation
Population waves
+ Natural selection
Struggle for existence
9. In the human population that is close to ideal population ac-
cording to their characteristics, 84% of individuals are Rh-
positive. Frequency of occurrence of this trait through three gen-
erations will make:

24%
94%
6%
+ 84%
16%
10. A married couple came to the genetic counseling. The hus-
band suffers from the insulin-dependant diabetes; the wife is
healthy. What is the probability that this couple will have an insu-
lin-dependant child?
The same as throughout the population
Lower than throughout the population
100%
+ Higher than throughout the population
50%
11. The number of the Mennonite sect who live in Lancaster
(Pennsylvania, USA) makes 1400 persons, frequency of closely
related (family, incest) marriages is 95%, natural increase of the
population is 25%, migration from other groups is 1%. What
name this community of people has received?
Ideal population
+ Isolate
Real population
Deme
Species
12. In what human populations there will be large portion of old
men?
In quickly growing populations
In the populations which are in a steady state
+ In populations where number of inhabitants decreases
All answers are correct
All answers are wrong
13. In the region, which is endemic on the falciparum malaria, a
large number of people with sickle-cell anemia were revealed.
With action of what type of selection it can be associated?
+ Selection in favor of heterozygotes
Selection in favor of homozygotes
Disruptive selection
14. In human populations, the allelic structure of genotypes de-
pends on system of marriages. What system of marriages sup-

ports the high level of heterozygosity?
Positive assortative marriages
Closely related marriages
Inbreeding
Incest marriages
+ Outbreeding
15. The hereditary disease – sickle-cell anemia, which is inherited
on autosomal recessively type, is very widespread in the tropical
countries of Africa. Endemism of this disease is associated with
fact that in the tropical countries:
heterozygotic carriers are more prolific
+ malaria is widespread
hemoglobin aggregates in erythrocytes are not formed
less homozygous descendants are born
the survival of sick patients is higher
16. Closely related marriages are forbidden. How the genetic
structure of population in the case of such marriage will change?
+ Recessive homozygosity increases
Recessive homozygosity decreases
Heterozygosity increases
Heterozygosity and dominant homozygosity increase
Heterozygosity and dominant homozygosity decrease
17. In small population of people, which number does not exceed
1500 people, the frequency of intra group marriages makes over
90%. Thereof through 4 generations (about 100 years), all mem-
bers of this population are at least the second cousins. Such pop-
ulation is called:
ideal
deme
nation
nationality
+ isolate
18. In population of inhabitants of Odessa region, the dominant
gene of right-handedness meets with the frequency of 0.8; reces-
sive gene of left-handedness – 0.2. How many percents of heter-
ozygotes are in this population?
+ 32%
46%
58%
64%
100%
19. In the population, the part of Rh-positive people is 84%, and
Rh-negative is 16%. What frequency of the recessive allele of the
gene d is in this population?
0.16
0.25
+ 0.4
0.5
0.84
20. In ancient times in Egypt, marriages between relatives of the
first degree of relationship (brother-sister) were observed that led
to the birth of mentally retarded and sick children. How such
marriages are called?
Unrelated
Panmictic
Positive assortative
+ Incest
Negative assortative
21. A malarial plasmodium – the pathogen of vivax malaria – has
two strains: southern and northern. They differ by the duration of
their incubation period: the southern has short and the northern
– long one. What selection works in this case?
Artificial
Sexual
+ Cutting
Moving
Stabilizing
22. People, who live in different areas of Earth, differ phenotypi-
cally: Negroids, Mongoloids, and Caucasians. With what form of
selection this can be explained?
+ Disruptive selection
Artificial selection
Sexual selection
23. In population of inhabitants of Odessa region, the dominant
gene of the positive Rhesus factor meets with frequency 0.6; the
recessive gene of lack of Rhesus factor – 0.4. How many percent
of heterozygotes are present in this population?
54%
62%
+ 48%
92%
100%
24. In some populations, which are isolated in their reproduction,
genes frequencies can differ considerably. Therefore, the frequen-
cy of the blood type II (A) among Indians of a tribe "black legs"
makes 80% and among Indians of the State of Utah makes 2%.
What elementary evolutionary factors define such differences?
Selection in favor of heterozygotes
+ Founder effect and genetic drift
Population waves
Mutations and natural selection
Stabilizing selection and isolation
25. Studying incidence in the Crimean population, doctors-
geneticists came to conclusion that the number of patients with
phenylketonuria and heterozygotes on this gene increased in re-
cent years. What law was used for determination of genetic struc-
ture of the population?
G. Mendel
+ Hardy-Weinberg
T. Morgan
N. Vavilov
Haeckel Muller
26. Analysis of the family history of children with Van der Woude
syndrome revealed that in their families one of the parents had
the typical for this syndrome defects (cleft lip and palate, lip pits
regardless of gender). What is the type of inheritance of this syn-
drome?
Multifactorial
Autosomal recessive
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
GENERAL BIOLOGY
1. As a result of expression of some genome components, the
embryo cells acquire typical morphological, biochemical, and
functional properties. Name this process:
capacitation
reception
determination
+ differentiation
induction
2. The multiple sclerosis was revealed in the man of 72 years.
During this disease, the reactions directed against tissues the
central nervous system develop. What is the disease?
+ Autoimmune
Alloimmune
Hemolytic
Homeostatic
Transplant
3. During experiment with a frog blastula, one blastomere was
removed at a stage of 16 blastomeres. The isolated cell continued
to develop normally and gave rise to a new embryo. What im-
portant property of blastomeres was shown?
Formation of poles of an embryo
+ Totipotency
Ability to differentiation
Formation of germ layers
Ability to embryonic induction
4. During the postembryonic development in a man's organism
some age-related changes occur. They are skin elasticity loss,
visual and hearing impairment. What do we call the period of in-
dividual development when such changes occur?
+ Aging
Adolescence
First mature
Juvenile
Youth
5. In a transplantation centre, a patient has been transplanted a
heart. What cells of the immune system can influence the graft
cells?
Macrophages
Plasma cells
+ T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Lymphoblasts
6. In a certain time of day, the increase in blood clotting is ob-
served in man. What biological regularity can explain this phe-
nomenon?
Physiological regeneration
Reparative regeneration
Genotype
+ Biological rhythms
Regeneration and genotype
7. Antibiotic actinomycin D is known to have no toxic effect on
the maternal organism; on the other hand, it impairs the for-
mation of tissues and organs of ectodermic origin in the embryo
organism. A woman was taking actinomycin D during pregnancy.
What organs or systems of the fetus can be impaired as a result?
Sex glands
Skeleton muscles
Locomotion system
Urogenital system
+ Nervous system
8. How highlands conditions influence development and passing
of life cycle by a man?
Accelerate all stages of postnatal development
Do not influence menarche, but reduce the period of starting of menopause
+ Slow down processes of puberty and aging
Change human biorhythms
Slow down processes of puberty and strengthen aging processes
9. At the stage of blastocyst, the beginning of a human embryo
implantation into the womb wall was recorded. What term of em-
bryogenesis does it occur at?
10 12 days
3 4 days
+ 6 7 days
24 26 days
30 35 days
10. Existence of life at all its levels is defined by structure of the
lowest level. What level of the organization provides existence of
a cellular level of life?
Tissue
Organismal
Biocenotic
Population and species
+ Molecular
11. During the postembryonic development of a human, two lor-
doses and two kyphoses are formed. It can be explained as the
human ability to:
sit
+ walk vertically
swim
creep
lie
12. In parallel experiments on rats, which were subjected to long
direct solar radiation, and rats, which were in the chambers
closed by glass, development of tumors on hairless parts of skin
in animals that were in open chambers. With influence of what
factors listed below this phenomenon is associated?
Solar heat
Biological carcinogens
+ Ultraviolet radiation
Infrared radiation
Exogenous chemical carcinogens
13. Skin of the donor was repeatedly transplanted to the woman
of 38 years, but it was rejected much quicker, than after the first
transplantation. This reaction happens due to activity of part of
thymocytes, which:
+ have immunological memory
are capable to absorb and digest pathogenic bacteria
have antihistaminic action
stimulate reproduction of B lymphocytes
turn B-lymphocytes into plasmablasts
14. The tissue slice from region of chronic stomach ulcer was sent
to pathomorphologic office. During histologic research, necrosis,
granulation tissue, excessive development of sclerous tissue and
metaplasia of an epithelium were revealed in the wall of ulcer.
What type of regeneration these changes indicate to?
+ Pathological regeneration with disturbance of change of phases
Reparative regeneration substitution
Reparative regeneration restitution
Hypertrophy
15. At a definite stage of embryogenesis, the mother's and fetus's
circulatory systems are becoming physiologically connected. What

provisional organ fulfils this function?
Amnion
Yolk sac
+ Placenta
Serosa
Allantois
16. The knowledge of poisonous plants is necessary for man be-
cause poisonings due to their similarity to the nonpoisonous
plants occur quite often. The henbane – a grassy two-year plant
from the family Solanaceae – is very dangerous for man. What
clinical sign is the most characteristic at poisoning with henbane?
Disorders of function of digestion
Headache
+ Nervous excitement
Paralysis of respiratory muscles
Edema, hemorrhages
17. Autotransplantation of skin was made to the patient after
burn. Rejection of a transplant did not happen. How it can be ex-
plained?
Genes coding synthesis of autoantibodies are not inherited
+ There is natural immunological tolerance
Substances of skin cells are not antigens
Owing to the burn disease, the condition of immunological insufficiency oc-
curred
Artificial immunological tolerance was created
18. Data of paleoanthropology, which were received by anthropol-
ogists owing to long-term archeological excavations, indicate that
such diseases as the deforming arthrosis and spondylosis were
widespread during Mesolithic and Neolithic eras. About what
things these finds indicate first?
Existence of causative agents of diseases
Disturbance of ossification of bones
Insufficient food
+ Excessive physical activities
Attack of predators on man
19. In the man, the mature plasma cell lost ability to reproduction
and started to secrete antibodies – immunoglobulins. At what
stage of life cycle it occurs?
+ G1
S period
G2
Prometaphase
Differentiation
20. In the process of anthropogenesis, a number of changes of
skull, throat, brain is observed in man in comparison with mon-
keys. What of these signs are associated with development of the
articulate speech first of all?
Stronger projection of a brain skull concerning the plane of the face
More developed parietal parts
Increase in the sizes of hemispheres of a brain
Reduction of the sizes of canines
+ Growth of precentral and frontal gyri
21. The composition of blood in man has changed at long stay in
highlands conditions. What changes are observed in blood?
The amount of gamma globulins increases
Viscosity of blood decreases
The number of leukocytes increases
The number of thrombocytes increases
+ The number of erythrocytes and the content of hemoglobin in them in-
crease
22. Toxic agents of an animal origin are used in small doses with
the medical purpose. For treatment of what disease it is most ex-
pedient to use snake poison, which is rich in coagulants?
Epilepsy
Bronchial asthma
Rheumatism
+ Hemophilia
Gout
23. For studying of features of a structure of human body, de-
pending on object for studying, scientists use different anthropo-
logical methods: somatometry, osteometry, somatoscopy, etc.
Choose, what from described methods first of all belongs to cra-
niometry?
Preparing of masks, dental models
Studying of the head shape
Measuring of the remains of bones of the body
+ Measuring of skulls
Using of models
24. The newborn has multiple malformations. What of the listed
defects has phylogenetic conditionality?
Natural dislocation of hip
Spinal curvature
Reduced jaw
Anophthalmos
+ Additional ribs on cervical vertebras
25. On autopsy of a still-born infant, heart abnormalities have
been revealed: ventricles are not separated, a single arterial
trunk originates from the right part. For what class of vertebrates
is such heart construction characteristic?
Fishes
Birds
Mammals
+ Amphibian
Reptiles
26. Relationships between organisms, which are connected with
food, lead to appearance of food chains. Each food chain includes,
as a rule, no more than 4–5 levels because, due to energy losses,
the general biomass of each subsequent level is about 10 times
less than the previous one. What of the listed organisms needs to
place on a top of an ecological pyramid?
Wheat
Man
+ Plague bacteria
Flea
Souslik
27. What functional indicators of an organism do not decrease
when aging, but, on the contrary, increase?
+ Cholesterol level in blood
Hormonal activity of thyroid gland
Contractile ability of cardiac muscle
Visual acuity
Activity of enzymes
28. Recently, increase of concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere
is observed. What biological consequences this change in gas
structure of the atmosphere can lead to?
Exhaustion of the ozone layer that protects all living things from radiation
+ Creation of "greenhouse effect", warming of climate on the planet, thawing
of ices in Polar Regions
Harm to plants
Falling of sulfuric and nitric acids with rain, dew, snow, hoarfrost
Falling of global sea level
29. A newborn child has microcephalia. Doctors consider that this
disorder is the result of mother's taking actinomycin D during

pregnancy. What germinal layer was affected by this teratogen?1
+ Ectoderm
All germinal layers
Entoderm
Mesoderm
Entoderm and mesoderm
30. When determining process of aging of a human body, weak-
ening of T-system activity was revealed at senile age. It is known
that processes breaking homeostasis occur in an organism at the
cellular and molecular levels. What function of T-lymphocytes kill-
ers is broken first of all?
Transformation of plasmablasts into plasmocytes
+ Recognition and destruction of mutant cells of the organism
Stimulation of reproduction of B lymphocytes
Release of immunoglobulins by B lymphocytes
Inhibition of the immune answer of B cells
31. Defect of the interventricular septum was established at the
newborn. In a ventricle, the arterial and venous blood is mixed.
At what representatives of a class of vertebrates heart has such
structure?
Fishes
Amphibians
+ Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
32. 14-year-old boy is characterized by lag in growth (small
growth), but proportions of a body and sexual development are
normal. What hormonal changes can occur in this case?
+ Deficiency of somatotropic hormone
Deficiency of sex hormones
Deficiency of thyroid hormones
Excess of somatotropic hormone
Excess of thyroid hormones
33. Clinical death is registered in the person. What vital functions
have stopped thus?
Renewal of cells
1
In the collection of test questions in the Internet site http://testcentr.org.ua/ (2013) as well as
during exam in 2006, incorrect terms "leaf", "leaves", "ectoderma", "entoderma", and "meso-
derma" were used instead of "layer", "layers", "ectoderm", "entoderm", and "mesoderm". Dur-
ing exam in 2016, correct terms were used.
Processes of metabolism
+ Heartbeat and breath
DNA replication
Mobility
34. Operation on heart transplantation was performed to the sick
person with congenital heart disease. In 24 hours, process of re-
jection of a donor transplant began. What provided this process?
Macrophages
T lymphocytes killers
T lymphocytes helpers
T lymphocytes suppressors
+ Antibodies (immunoglobulins)
35. The serious hereditary disease of skin – lack of sweat glands
(anhidrosis) – was revealed in the child; thereof important func-
tions of skin – perspiration and thermal control – are broken. This
defect is a consequence of disturbance during embryogenesis of
anlage of:
splanchnotom
+ ectoderm
sclerotome
entoderm
dermatome
36. During various inflammatory processes in the man, the num-
ber of leukocytes in blood increases. This regularity is manifesta-
tion of:
regeneration
reparation
+ adaptation
transplantation
degeneration
37. The part of a liver was removed in the man after trauma. The
left part of a liver regenerates to the normal sizes, but its form
remains changed. What regeneration takes place?
Compensatory hypertrophy
Epimorphosis
Morphallaxis
+ Regeneration hypertrophy
Substitutive hypertrophy
38. In experimental conditions, the eye bubble was transplanted
under skin of ventral area of an embryo (G. Spemann, 1901).
What operation consequences will occur?
Nervous tube will be formed

+ Eye crystalline lens will be formed
Chord will be formed
Somites will be formed
Entoderm will be formed
39. A large number of mutant cells appeared in the man for one
day after radiation. But after a while, the majority of them were
recognized and destroyed due to activity of:
T-lymphocytes suppressors
B lymphocytes
plasmablasts
+ T-lymphocytes killers
stem cells
40. Lag in growth (small growth), disturbance of body proportions
and lag of sexual development are noted in the boy of 14 years.
About lesion of what structures of endocrine system this can indi-
cate?
+ Forward part of hypophysis
Middle part of hypophysis
Back part of hypophysis
Thyroid gland
Sexual glands
41. In a human embryo, the anlage of axis organs has begun.
How this development stage is called?
Blastula
Zygote
Cleavage
+ Neurula
Gastrula
42. After radiation by high dose of radiation, the lymphoid system
considerably suffered in the teenager; disintegration of a large
number of lymphocytes occurred. Due to activity of what organ,
restoration of normal blood count is possible?
Thyroid gland
Liver
Pancreas
+ Thymus
Adrenal gland
43. The newborn has a dry skin covering with a thick layer of
horny scales – an ichthyosis. Representatives of what class of
vertebrates have the skin of similar structure?
Reptiles
+ Fishes
Mammals
Birds
Amphibians
44. A patient has been badly burnt; as a result, he has skin de-
fects. To liquidate these defects, the surgeons have grafted a
piece of skin from another part of the patient's body. What type
of transplantation is it?
Homotransplantation
Explantation
Allotransplantation
Xenotransplantation
+ Autotransplantation
45. Nuclei of blastula cells were transplanted into denucleated ova
of a frog. Normal embryos developed from an ovum in 80% of
cases. Explain this phenomenon:
it happens due to inactivation (stable repression) of groups of genes
nuclei of cells had lost genetic information
there is no loss of genes in the process of cell differentiation
+ nuclei of blastula cells are genetically full (totipotent)
nuclei of cells contain the same number of different genes, as well as in im-
pregnated egg
46. There is a theory that mitochondria are descendants of pro-
karyotic cells that at a certain stage of evolution penetrated into
cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and live at present in symbiosis with
host cells. This theory is confirmed by the fact that in mitochon-
dria:
oxidizing phosphorylation occurs
+ biosynthesis of protein begins with formylmethionine
cristae are present
double membrane is present
cycle of citric acid occurs
47. During the ontogenesis, there appear some changes in a hu-
man organism: the vital capacity of his lungs decreases, his arte-
rial pressure increases, and the progress of atherosclerosis takes
place. What do we call the period of individual development in
which all these changes happen?
Youth
+ Elderly
Adolescence
Juvenile
First mature
48. As a result of road accident, the 36-year-old patient got an
open fracture of bones of a shin. During the process of union, the
excess bone callosity was formed in the place of fracture. What
type of regeneration the formation of this callosity should be re-
ferred to?
Restitution
+ Pathological regeneration
Reparative regeneration
Substitution
49. The patient is prepared for operation of kidney transplanta-
tion. All try to find a donor. What antigens of the donor and recip-
ient from the listed ones have the greatest value for successful
engraftment?
MN blood type system
ABO blood system
Rh system
Duffy system
+ HLA system
50. Pulmonary stagnation was revealed in the five-month girl.
During examination, connection between ascending aorta and
pulmonary artery, which in norm is observed in some amphibious
and reptiles, was found. What is a congenital malformation?
Defect of interatrial septum
Defect of interventricular septum
Development of the right arch of aorta
+ Nonclosure of the Botallo's duct
Transposition of main vessels
51. In experiment, processes of transcription in nuclei of nervous
cells were blocked in the head end of an embryo of a frog at a
neurula stage. To what congenital defect it can result in?
+ Anencephalia
Nonclosure of hard palate
Spinal hernia
Hydrocephaly
Cleft lip
52. During autopsy of the young man who was the driver and died
after road accident, the doctor-pathologist was surprised with the
considerable size of heart, which almost twice surpassed normal
size. In what kind of activity the driver was engaged?

Cookery
Programming
+ Heavy athletics
Transportation of passengers
Wine tasting
53. The man lived a long time in highlands conditions. What
changes will be present in his blood system?
Increase in diameter of blood vessels
Decrease in number of leukocytes
Pulse becomes rarer
+ Increase in amount of hemoglobin
Increase in number of leukocytes
54. Human embryos with abnormal number of chromosomes are
nonviable in most cases. What form of selection can explain this?
+ Stabilizing
Sexual
Directional
Disruptive
Artificial
55. The mutant line "nudc" of mice was received in genetic la-
boratory; it has no thymus and no cellular immune answer. Ex-
periments with transplantation of allogenic tissues to these mice
showed that rejection of the transplanted material in mice does
not occur. With lack of what cells this phenomenon is associated?
Macrophages
B lymphocytes
Monocytes
+ T-lymphocyte killers
Plasma cells
56. Albinism is observed among all classes of vertebrate animals.
This hereditary pathology is also present in man and is caused by
autosomal recessive gene. What law is manifested by the exist-
ence of albinism in man and representatives of different classes
of vertebrate animals?
+ Vavilov's law of homologous rows of hereditary variation
Haeckel Muller's biogenetic law
Mendel's law of dominance
Mendel's law of independent assortment
Morgan's law of inheritance of linked genes
57. At examination of the patient, the insufficient amount of im-
munoglobulins was revealed. What cells of immune system of the

patient have broken function that can cause such symptom?
T killers
Plasmablasts
T suppressors
+ Plasmatic cells
T helpers
58. The child having a deep mental deficiency with cleft lip, cleft
palate and heart defects was born in woman who uses drugs. In
what period of ontogenesis listed abnormalities could appear?
In the period of gametogenesis and the postnatal period
In the periods of histogenesis and organogenesis
In the period of morphogenesis and the postnatal period
+ In the periods of gametogenesis and embryogenesis
In the period of development of a fetus and in the postnatal period
59. Rudimental organs are organs that lost their function, but re-
main in embryonal state in adult organisms. What of the listed
human organs are rudimentary?
Existence of more than two mammary glands
Tail
Head
Cervical fistula
+ Tailbone
60. During an active physical activity, concentration of carbonic
acid in blood of the man increases. It leads to deepening and ac-
celeration of breath, owing to this, concentration of carbonic acid
and ions of hydrogen in blood decreases. This supports:
immunity
ontogenesis
+ homeostasis
phylogeny
anabiosis
61. At the different levels of the organization, adaptation is main-
tained in biological systems. Adaptation is believed to be the ad-
aptation of the living thing to environmental conditions that
change continuously. Without adaptations, support of normal ex-
istence is impossible. What is the cornerstone of adaptations?
Heredity and variation
+ Irritability and proper responses
Metabolism and energy
Discretization and integrity
Homeostasis and reproduction

62. The young man of military age is examined in clinic. Lack of
teeth on the lower jaw is revealed. It is found that defect of teeth
is observed in the patient since the childhood. What could serve
as the reason of this anomaly?
Infectious disease
Reception of medicines
+ Disturbance of organogenesis during embryogenesis
Alimentary insufficiency
Vitamin deficiency
63. Tooth was extracted in the 50-year-old woman. New tissue
regenerated on a place of tooth removal. Based on functions of
cellular organelles, specify the most active of them during repair
of tissues:
centrosomes
mitochondria
ER
lysosomes
+ ribosomes
64. The boy, whose body is covered with hairs (hypertrichosis),
was born in a family. This defect is caused by fact that a large
number of hair follicles is formed at a stage of organogenesis,
nevertheless, later, during embryogenesis, reduction of their
most part occurs. The insufficient reduction of excess number of
the described structures is the reason of developing of this con-
genital malformation. Disturbance of what anlage causes this ab-
normality?
Splanchnotom
+ Ectoderm
Dermatome
Sclerotome
Entoderm
65. Transplantation of donor skin was made to the patient with
considerable burns. For the 8th days, the transplant swelled, its
color changed, and for the 11th days, it started being rejected.
What cells take part in this process?
B lymphocytes
Eosinophils
+ T lymphocytes
Erythrocytes
Basophils
66. At parents who are sick with alcoholism, children are born the
dead or have a deep mental deficiency, strabismus, with cleft
palate and heart diseases (fetal alcohol syndrome). During what
period these disturbances can occur?
+ Formations of gametes
Postembryonic period
Embryonic period
Gastrulation stage
Stage of organogenesis
67. The gastrulation, or formation of germ layers of an embryo,
happens in the different ways. By what way the ectoderm and en-
toderm in man are formed?
Epiboly
Invagination
Immigrations
+ Immigration and delamination
Invagination and delamination
68. Choose, what components of primary anlages remain in sexu-
al system of females of amniotes:
Muller's and Wolffian ducts
+ Muller's duct and rudiments of ductules of a head kidney
Wolffian duct
rudiments of ductules of a primordial kidney
all answers are wrong
69. Transplantation of a kidney to the patient according to vital
indications was carried out. Less than in a month, the patient died
owing to rejection of the transplanted organ. Incompatibility on
what system became the rejection reason?
MN
+ HLA
ABO
Rhesus factor
Erythrocytic antigens
70. Development of the general adaptation syndrome and stress
in an organism is followed by a complex of nonspecific reactions.
What of stages of stress is critical and can lead to development of
diseases of dysadaptation?
Alarm stage
Resistance stage
Tolerance stage
Anxiety stage
+ Exhaustion stage
71. Representatives of a certain human population have the elon-
gated body, height variability, reduced volume of muscles, ex-
tended extremities, reduced thorax in sizes and volume, in-
creased perspiration, lowered indicators of base metabolism and
fat synthesis. What adaptive type of people this population be-
longs to?
Arctic adaptive type
Adaptive type of a zone of temperate climate
+ Tropical adaptive type
Intermediate adaptive type
Mountain adaptive type
72. The man has strongly developed musculoskeletal system, the
large sizes of a thorax, the raised content of mineral substances
in bone tissue, high level of hemoglobin, proteins (albumine and
globulins) and cholesterol in blood, ability of an organism to oxi-
dize metabolism products is increased, the energy metabolism is
strengthened, thermal control is stable. What is adaptive type?
Adaptive type of a zone of temperate climate
Mountain adaptive type
Intermediate adaptive type
Tropical adaptive type
+ Arctic adaptive type
73. In an experimental laboratory, a pig's kidney has been grafted
to a cow. What do we call this way of transplantation?
Explantation
Autotransplantation
Allotransplantation
+ Xenotransplantation
Homotransplantation
74. Restoration of the lost organ begins with lysis of the tissues
adjacent to a wound, intensive reproduction of cells of regenera-
tion rudiment; differentiation of cells leads to formation of an or-
gan. What type of regeneration it is a matter of?
+ Epimorphosis
Heteromorphosis
Endomorphosis
Morphallaxis
Regeneration hypertrophy
75. How natural processes of change of biogeocenosis occur?
Owing to increase in number of individuals in population
Owing to decrease in number of individuals in population

+ Owing to gradual change of natural factors of the environment
Owing to expansion of an area of population
Owing to appearance of new ecological niches
76. The allogenic transplant was transplanted to the patient. But
after a while, rejection of the transplanted tissue occurred. Owing
to activity of what cells it happened?
Stem cells
Thrombocytes
Cells of thymus
+ T lymphocytes
Cells of spleen
77. The resection of a kidney was carried out to the man after a
trauma. The remained kidney regenerated with increase in the
size. What processes took place during regeneration?
Increase in the sizes of cells
Increase in quantity of an intercellular substratum
Differentiation of undifferentiated cells with their further proliferation
Proliferation of the differentiated cells
+ Proliferation of undifferentiated cells with their further differentiation
78. The boy with tail part of a backbone was born. The doctor ex-
plained his parents that human embryo has 8–11 tail vertebras
during 1.5–3 months of an embryogenesis, nevertheless, then, till
the birth, the part of them is reduced, and only 4–5 vertebras,
which form a tailbone, remain. Disturbance of processes of their
reduction is the reason of the described defect, which the doctor
suggested to eliminate surgically. Disturbance of what anlage this
defect is associated with?
Splanchnotom
Chords
Myotome
Dermatome
+ Sclerotome
79. The child with signs of long starvation, owing to what dehy-
dration of an organism occurred, was hospitalized in hospital.
What solution can restore normal balance?
Sucrose solution
Solution of proteins
Glucose solution
+ Isotonic solution of sodium chloride
Hypertensive solution of sodium chloride
80. The HLA region (the main complex of histocompatibility) is lo-

cated in the 6th chromosome. Each gene has some allelic variants.
What causes a variety of genotypes in populations?
+ Combination of alleles
Polymeric interaction
Complementary interaction
Epistatic influence
Domination
81. The anlage of axial organs was disturbed in the human em-
bryo. At what stage of an embryogenesis it was happened?
+ Organogenesis
Gastrulations
Histogenesis
Blastula
Cleavage
82. In experiment, thymus was cut out in newborn rats. What of
the listed changes will occur in an organism of these animals?
Increase in number of lymphocytes
+ T lymphocytes will not form
Rejection of a transplant
Disturbance of motor reactions
Antibodies will not form
83. Dark skin of the man of the equatorial race prevents penetra-
tion of ultraviolet rays, and curly hairs protect from a heat. What
level of adaptation the given traits correspond to?
Molecular
Organismal
+ Population and species
Biocenotic
Biospheric
84. In a human organism some abnormalities, connected with the
disorder of teeth differentiation and changes in their number (the
homodont tooth system), were found. What type of evidence of
human evolution can such abnormalities belong to?
Cytological
Rudiments
Recapitulation
+ Atavisms
Biochemical
85. In provinces with the excess content of molybdenum in the
environment, synthesis of uric acid is broken at locals. What dis-
ease develops thereof?

Giantism
Chondrodystrophy
Endemic goiter
Phenylketonuria
+ Endemic gout
86. Owing to defective diet of maternal organism, the death of an
embryo during the first critical period was established. Why it
happened?
Blastocyst is not capable to implantation
Shortage of vitamins caused a mutation in embryonic cells
Blastocyst started to divide unevenly
+ Epithelium of a uterus is not ready to attach an embryo at blastocyst stage
Deficiency of vitamins caused a mutation in cells of uterus epithelium
87. The kidney was transplanted to the patient in clinic. What of
the listed cells of immune system can have direct impact on cells
of a transplant?
Plasmablasts
T helpers
+ T killers
Plasmatic cells
Thymocytes
88. In some unicellular organisms, for example, in amoebae, nu-
trition happens by means of phagocytosis. In what human cells is
phagocytosis the way of protection of the organism from foreign
agents (for example, microorganisms)?
+ Leucocytes
Erythrocytes
Epitheliocytes
Myocytes
Thrombocytes
89. In a transplantation center, a 40-year-old patient has been
transplanted a kidney which was taken from a donor perished in
an automobile accident. To avoid graft rejection, the patient's
graft immunity is suppressed with the help of:
Antibiotics
Vitamins
+ Immunodepressants
Antiseptics
Immunostimulants
90. As a result of radiation by ultraviolet rays, skin of the man
darkens that is protective reaction of an organism. What protec-

tive substance – derivative of amino acids – is synthesized in cells
under the influence of ultraviolet?
Arginine
+ Melanin
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Thyroxin
91. During primary agammaglobulinaemia, the content of immu-
noglobulins in blood serum is sharply lowered, plasmatic cells are
absent in lymphoid organs. What part of immunity is broken in
this case?
Synthesis of lactic acid
Lysozyme synthesis
+ Antibody formation
Phagocytosis
Formation of T lymphocytes
92. A highly injured person has gradually died. Please choose the
indicator of biological death:
disarray of chemical processes
+ autolysis and decay of cells
absence of movements
absence of palpitation and breathing
loss of consciousness
93. In the newborn, five pairs of nipples of mammary glands were
revealed (polythelia) that though has especially cosmetic value,
nevertheless disturbed parents. The doctor explained that, at the
beginning of an embryogenesis, five pairs of nipples are layered
and four of them are reduced before child's birth. Disturbance of
what anlage caused this congenital malformation?
Myotome
+ Ectoderm
Sclerotomes
Splanchnotom
Dermatome
94. Dog tapeworm was found in the liver of the patient of age of
58 years. In this regard, the surgeon executed a resection of part
of the liver with larva of dog tapeworm. What type of regenera-
tion will occur in the liver?
Epimorphosis
Metamorphoses
+ Endomorphosis
Morphallaxis
Heteromorphosis
95. The inspector of forest protection found the forest lake, which
is completely filled up with garbage. In the protocol, the disturbed
ecosystem was specified. What natural system was destroyed?
Biotope
Biome
Ecosphere
Ecological niche
+ Biogeocenosis
96. In cells of human body, intensity of synthesis of DNA and RNA
is reduced, synthesis of necessary proteins and mitotic activity is
slightly broken. To what period of ontogenesis such changes most
likely correspond?
Teenage age
+ Advanced age
Young age
Beginning of mature age
Youthful age
97. In the case of repeated skin transplantation from the same
donor, process of rejection in the recipient happened much quick-
er, than after the first transplantation. With existence of what
cells this is associated?
+ T lymphocytes
Plasmablasts
Thrombocytes
Erythrocytes
Stem cells
98. For people who live in highlands conditions long ago, many
adaptations are characteristic. What of the following adaptations
is not typical for inhabitants of mountains?
The raised content of hemoglobin
Increase in vital capacity of lungs
+ Reduction of length of feet in comparison with length of hands
Strengthening of pulmonary ventilation
The increased content of myoglobin in muscles
99. A young man complains about urination disorder. Examination
of the external genitals revealed that the urethra was split on top
side and urine could flow out of this orifice. What anomaly of the
external genitals development is it?
+ Epispadia
Phimosis
Hypospadia
Hermaphroditism
Paraphimosis
100. How the organ transplantation from one man to another is
called?
+ Allotransplantation
Autotransplantation
Explantation
Xenotransplantation
Heteromorphosis
101. The human body is influenced at the same time by different
socioecological factors, thus action of one factor depends on the
force and modifying influence of other factors. This regularity has
the name:
ecological valency
adaptation
effect of compensation
+ interaction of factors
restrictive factor
102. Toxic substances, which are present in poison of snakes,
have different properties. What property is used when snake poi-
son is used as remedy?
Cytotoxic
Hemolytic
+ To increase blood clotting
Neurotoxic
Cardiotoxic
103. During embryonal development, the process of realization of
genetic information and of the development of an organism can
be broken by some chemical compound; as a result, malfor-
mation occurs. How such compound is called?
Fibrinogen
Antigen
Comutagen
+ Teratogen
Agglutinogen
104. For the purpose of myocardium infarction treatment, a pa-
tient was injected with embryonal stem cells derived from the
same patient by means of therapeutic cloning. What transplanta-
tion type is it?

Isotransplantation
+ Autotransplantation
Allotransplantation
Heterotransplantation
Xenotransplantation
105. Examination of newborn boy's genitalia revealed the urethral
fissure that opens on the underside of his penis. What malfor-
mation is it?
Cryptorchidism
Monorchism
Epispadia
Hermaphroditism
+ Hypospadias
106. A patient in a transplantation centre underwent heart trans-
plantation. The organ was taken from a donor who died in a road
accident. Foreign heart can be rejected as a result of develop-
ment of transplantation immunity. It is usually prevented by
means of:
+ immunosuppressors
X-ray therapy
chemotherapy
enzymes
ultrasound
107. An alcoholic woman has born a girl with mental and physical
developmental lag. Doctors diagnosed the girl with fetal alcohol
syndrome. What effect is the cause of the girl's state?
Malignization
Carcinogenic
Mechanic
+ Teratogenic
Mutagenic
108. The child with nonclosure of arches of vertebras and cleft
palate was born at young spouses. How malformations, which re-
semble appropriate organs of ancestral groups of a man, are
called?
Non-phylogenetic
+ Atavistic
Genocopies
Phenocopies
Allogenic
109. For more precise definition of the mechanism of development

of cheiloschisis and palate in human, similar anomaly was studied
in mice in the laboratory of experimental biology. What method of
genetics was used?
Cytogenetic
Dermatoglyphics
Twin
+ Modelling
110. Ability to adaptation varies in the wide range, which gives the
possibility to distinguish some functional types of the constitu-
tional reaction among people. How the organism, which is inter-
mediate type with an optimum and adequate way of response to
different changes of environment, is called?
Asthenic
+ Mixed body
Stayer
Normosthenic
Sprinter
111. The majority of parasitic unicellular organisms die in envi-
ronmental conditions. However, these species exist already mil-
lions of years. Existence of parasitic species does not stop thanks
to existence in their life cycles of different forms of:
+ reproduction
phylogeny
ontogenesis
metabolism
homeostasis
112. In the process of human embryogenesis, the blastocyst
starts to form for the 6–7th days after fertilization; this blastocyst
significantly differs in certain signs of its structure from a typical
blastula of a lancelet. These characteristic signs are the presence
of:
large number of blastomeres
primary mouth
+ trophoblast and embryoblast
animal and vegetative poles
secondary mouth
tional reaction among people. Specify human type with potential
tendency to strong physiological reactions, which provide high re-

liability at apparent, but short-term actions of environment.
Mixed body
Asthenic
Normosthenic
Stayer
+ Sprinter
114. Surgical procedure was performed. On the place of section,
scar was formed. Specify what of organellas are most active at
restoration of epithelial tissue, proceeding from the carried-out
functions.
Centrosomes
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
+ Ribosomes
Golgi's complex
115. Fertilization is a process of fusion of male and female gam-
etes therefore the zygote having a diploid set of chromosomes is
formed. In the process of fertilization, the spermatozoon carries
out acrosome reaction. What enzyme takes part in its providing?
+ Hyaluronidase
Ligase
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Restrictase
Ribonuclease
tional reaction among people. Specify type of human body, which
is capable to maintain steadily long and monotonous physiological
loadings.
+ Stayer
Asthenic
Mixed body
Normosthenic
Sprinter
117. Scientists investigated development of not fertilized ova of a
rabbit after their activation by low temperature. How this form of
reproduction is called?
Natural parthenogenesis
Schizogony
Copulation
+ Artificial parthenogenesis
Conjugation
118. The birth of two, three, four and even seven uniovular twins
in a man is associated with fact that the isolated blastomere de-
velops in a full-fledged organism. What name this phenomenon
has?
Embryonic induction
Labile differentiation
The decoding organization
+ Totipotency
Stable differentiation
119. In embryogenesis of a man, as well as of vast majority of
vertebrata, six pairs of branchial arteries from which reach ves-
sels of the fourth pair are the best developed. What human vessel
is homologous to this pair of branchial arteries?
+ Left arch of an aorta
Right arch of an aorta
Carotid
Pulmonary artery
Superior vena cava
120. Strict restriction in stay time at the height over 800 meters
above sea level without oxygen cylinders exists for the man.
What factor is limiting for life in this case?
+ Partial pressure of oxygen in air
Level of ultraviolet radiation
Humidity level
Temperature
Force of terrestrial gravitation
121. The four-year-old girl has three bones in the hand thumb in-
stead of two ones. The similar structure of a thumb is present in
amphibians and reptiles. How this anomaly of development is
called?
Polydactyly
Oligodactyly
+ Polyphalangism
Brachydactyly
Syndactyly
122. In applied medicine of Ukraine because of shortage of human
donor material, the transplantation problem is solved over thirty
years by use of organs and tissues of an animal origin (valves of
heart of a pig, connective tissues of pig and cow origin, etc.).
How this type of transplantation is called?

Isotransplantation
Allotransplantation
Autotransplantation
123. Operation on removal of the left kidney was performed to the
forty-five-year-old patient with malignant tumor. In two years,
according to ultrasonic research, it was revealed that the right
kidney increased in sizes approximately by one and half times.
Results of the general analysis of urine and other laboratory in-
vestigations showed gradual improvement of functioning of the
right kidney. On what type regeneration processes occurred in
this case?
+ Compensatory hypertrophy
Regeneration hypertrophy
Morphallaxis
Epimorphosis
Heteromorphosis
124. By means of D. Gurdon's experiments made in 1964–1966, it
was proved that during transplantation of nuclei of somatic cells
at different stages of development into denucleated (without nu-
cleus) ovum of a frog, normal development of a tadpole occurs
and, though is very rare, an adult frog is developed. What was
proved by these experiences?
Totipotency of cells
Phenomenon of embryonic induction
Genes are inactive in a zygote
+ All cells have identical genes
Differentiation of cells of a germ
125. Operation on transplantation of the left kidney owing to its
hydronephrosis was appointed to the patient. His monozygotic
twin brother was chosen as the donor of a kidney. What name
this type of transplantation received?
+ Isotransplantation
Autotransplantation
Allotransplantation
Xenotransplantation
126. At the pregnant woman who is sick with toxoplasmosis, pro-
cess of mesoderm formation was broken during an embryogene-
sis of a fetus. What pathology of system or organs can arise in

the newborn?
Nervous
Intestines epithelium
Liver
+ Secretory system
Pancreas
127. Depending on a way of introduction of poison to an organism
of the victim, poisonous animals are divided on armed and un-
armed animals. The armed poisonous animal, which lives in the
desert on the coast of the Black and Mediterranean seas, has poi-
sonous gland on the end of abdomen. Poison is removed through
a needle by means of muscles that surround this gland. Toxicity is
shown in tachycardia, increase of arterial pressure, weakness,
adynamia, and disturbance of thermal control; edema of lungs
can occur. Determine this animal.
Spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus
+ Scorpion
Bee
Gadfly
Bird spider
128. The twelve-year-old girl had leukemia and was doomed to
death. Searches of donor marrow were unsuccessful. Doctors ad-
vised parents of the girl to give birth to other child with hope that
embryonic blood from an umbilical cord will become a source of
stem hemopoietic cells and will help to prevent rejection reaction.
What type of transplantation helped to rescue the girl?
Xenotransplantation
Isotransplantation
Autotransplantation
129. In the women who became pregnant during mass use of pes-
ticides in rural areas, the laying of ectoderm of an embryo was
disturbed. Congenital malformations of what systems or organs
can arise in newborns in this situation?
Skeleton
+ Nervous
Derm
Liver
Pancreas
130. At a stage of a late gastrula of human embryo, the third

germ layer (mesoderm) is formed by movement of group of cells
of entoderm, which are not united in uniform layer. What is the
type of gastrulation?
Delamination
Invagination
+ Immigration
Epiboly
Mixed
131. For use of animals as donors of organs for the man, trans-
genic pigs are created by means of a method of genetic engineer-
ing. Their cells are deprived of one of the main antigens, which
cause reaction of rejection of tissues in the man. What is the type
of transplantation?
Allotransplantation
Autotransplantation
Homotransplantation
Isotransplantation
132. The two-layer embryo of human embryo in the first phase of
gastrulation is formed by dividing of cells of an ectoderm into lay-
ers. What is the type of gastrulation?
Immigration
Epiboly
Invagination
+ Delamination
Mixed
133. Primordial germ cells arise when sexual glands did not begin
development yet. Later these undifferentiated sex cells migrate in
gonads and occupy them. Entoderm of what provisional (tempo-
rary) organ is the source of these cells?
Allantois
+ Vitelline sac
Placenta
Chorion
Amnion
134. Because of action of teratogenic factor, development of blood
system of an embryo was disturbed. In what germ layer this dis-
turbance occurred?
+ Mesoderm
Entoderm
Ectoderm
Entoderm and mesoderm
Entoderm and ectoderm
135. Ecological factors directly or indirectly influence activity of
organisms. What abiotic factor on the planet is primary in ensur-
ing trophic needs of all living beings?
+ Light
Warm
Ionizing radiation
Water
Air
136. In experiments with development of a toad when the embryo
was at a stage of two blastomeres, V. Roux killed one blastomere,
and another left intact, but normal development of an embryo
was broken. Why?
Owing to totipotency of blastomeres
+ Owing to embryonic induction
Owing to disturbance of gene regulation
Owing to disturbance of metabolism intensity
Owing to disturbance of differentiation of blastomeres
137. The family came to hospital with symptoms of poisoning: ab-
dominalgia, strong diarrhea and continuous vomiting, thirst,
spasms of gastrocnemius muscles, and hemoglobinuria. Symp-
toms of poisoning were shown in 10 hours after the use of mush-
rooms that had a white cap in the form of a hand bell, with a di-
ameter of 10–12 cm. A stem has white sagging ring under a cap.
What mushrooms caused poisoning?
Fly agaric
+ Amanita phalloides
Boletus satanas
Russule
Inonotus obliquus
138. Examination of a pregnant woman who has been taking alco-
hol revealed disturbed anlage of ectoderm during the fetal life.
What derivatives of this germ layer1 have defects?
Kidneys
Bowels epithelium
+ Neural tube
Liver
1
During exam in 2007, incorrect term "leaf" was used instead of "germ layer".
Sexual glands
139. The maldevelopments happening at a zygote stage during
prenatal ontogenesis are called:
blastopathies
embryopathies
fetopathies
+ gametopathies
140. It was established that intensity of basal metabolism of the
healthy person has a daily rhythm of fluctuations. Specify its cor-
rect circadian rhythm.
+ It gradually increases during daylight hours and decreases at night
It gradually decreases during daylight hours and raises at night
It is low during daylight hours and high at night
It is high during daylight hours, decreases in the first half of night, and it is
high in the second half of night
It is low during daylight hours, raises in the first half of night, and it is low in
the second half of night
141. Development of teeth of the person was studied during the
embryonic and postembryonic period. It was established that
they are derivatives of:
entoderm and mesoderm
only mesoderm
+ ectoderm and mesoderm
only ectoderm
ectoderm and entoderm
142. The newborn child was revealed to have congenital malfor-
mations of digestive system that is associated with action of tera-
togenic factors at the beginning of pregnancy. What of germ lay-
ers teratogen influenced on?
All layers
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm and mesoderm
+ Endoderm
143. During examination of external genitals of the boy, full clos-
ing of urethra at above was revealed. The urethral canal remains
open from below in the form of a small fissure. What type of de-
velopmental anomaly of external genitals is observed in this
case?
Phimosis
+ Hypospadias
Paraphimosis
Epispadias
Hermaphroditism
144. The provisional diagnosis "multiple sclerosis" was made to
the person as a result of perversion of immune reaction. You will
carry this disease to:
+ Autoimmune
Infectious
Invasive
Genomic
Chromosomal
145. During heart transplantation from one person to another,
graft immunity is suppressed for prevention of rejection with the
help:
infrared radiation
ultrasound
antimutagens
+ immunodepressants
mutagens
146. In human populations, some people have three generations
of teeth during their life instead of two generations. This is mani-
festation of the law:
+ biogenetic
of independent inheritance
Hardy-Weinberg's
of homological rows of hereditary variation
of embryonic induction
147. A physician collects the patient's history of the postembryon-
ic period of ontogenesis from birth to puberty. In this case we are
talking about:
first period of adulthood
senile age
second period of adulthood
advanced age
+ juvenile period
148. Examination of uterine cavity revealed an embryonated ovum
that wasn't attached to the endometrium. The embryo is in the
following stage of development:
Zygote
+ Blastocyst
Morula
Gastrula
Neurula
149. An embryo has signs of disturbed process of dorsal meso-
derm segmentation and somite generation. What part of skin is
most likely to have developmental abnormalities?
Hair
Sebaceous glands
+ Derma
Epidermis
Sudoriferous glands
150. During embryogenesis, the epithelial band also known as
vestibular plate gives rise to development of vestibule of mouth.
What biological mechanism of the programmed death of cells
provides growth of buccolabial sulcus from epithelial plate?
Necrosis
Meiosis
Paranecrosis
Amitosis
+ Apoptosis
151. It is known that people who permanently live in highland
have an increased concentration of erythrocytes per each blood
volume unit. Owing to this fact blood can optimally fulfil the fol-
lowing function:
amino acid transport
haemostasis participation
+ gas transport
maintenance of acid base balance
maintenance of ionic equilibrium
152. During embryogenesis, trophoblast develops into a rudimen-
tary organ that has endocrinal function. What rudiment is it?
Yolk sac
Allantois
Amnion
+ Villous chorion
Umbilical cord
153. A 30-year-old patient has undergone keratoplasty in the
transplantation centre, cornea has been taken from a donor, who
died in a road accident. What kind of transplantation was per-
formed?
Explantation
Xenotransplantation
Autotransplantation
154. Research of an organism of the inhabitant of Pamir revealed
a high level of standard metabolism, extension of a thorax, in-
crease of oxygen capacity of blood due to increase in erythro-
cytes, and high hemoglobin content. To what adaptive ecological
type it is necessary to refer this person?
Desert
+ Mountain
Arctic
Tropical
Subtropical
155. The pediatrician noticed absence of the act of defecation at
the newborn child within the first day. What malformation this
fact indicates?
Esophageal atresia
Cleft lip
Esophageal diverticulum
+ Anal atresia
Jejunal diverticulum
156. Reduction of compact and spongy substances of a bone tis-
sue is observed at the person. Facial part of a skull changes, the
gray hair appears, skin loses elasticity. At what stage of ontogen-
esis there are these changes?
+ Senile age
Youthful age
Teenage age
Childhood
Infancy
157. Indigenous population of Pamir has the following characteris-
tic features: high rate of base metabolism, elongated tubular
bones, wide rib cage, high blood oxygen capacity due to in-
creased number of erythrocytes, high hemoglobin level. What
type of ecological adaptation is it?
– Temperate
– Arctic
– Tropical
+ Mountain
– Subtropical
158. In Western Europe, nearly half of all congenital malfor-

mations occur in the children of mothers conceived in the period
when pesticides were used extensively in the region. These con-
genital conditions result from the following influence:
carcinogenic
malignization
mutagenic
+ teratogenic
mechanical
159. Irrespective of racial or ethnic origin, the complex of mor-
phological, functional, biochemical, and immunological traits,
which cause the best biological fitness of the person to the corre-
sponding physical environment, develops at the person. What
type of a biological response is provided at the person?
+ Adaptive type
Tropical type
Mountain type
Type of a zone of temperate climate
Arctic type
PROTOZOANS
1. In the preparation of red marrow punctate painted according
to Romanowsky, intracellular small oval little bodies were re-
vealed, 3 microns in size; a nucleus occupy 1/3 cells, inside there
is a nucleolus. What the diagnosis can be?
Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomosis
+ Visceral leishmaniasis
Balantidiasis
Malaria
2. The woman gave birth to the dead child with numerous mal-
formations (incompletely separated auricles and ventricles, mi-
crophthalmos, microcephaly). What protozoan disease could
cause intrauterine death of a fetus?
Balantidiasis
+ Toxoplasmosis
Malaria
Leishmaniasis
Trypanosomosis
3. Inflammation of urogenital tracts was revealed in the patient.
In a smear from a mucous membrane of a vagina, oval cells with
large nucleus, an edge at the end of a body and an undulating
membrane were revealed; flagella are located at the forward end.
Name this disease:
lambliosis
+ trichomoniasis
balantidiasis
leishmaniasis
amebiosis
4. Antelopes from coast of Lake Victoria were delivered in a zoo
of one of the cities of Ukraine. Trypanosomes were revealed in
blood smears of animals. What the most appropriate preventive
measures need to be carried out?
+ Preventive measures are not necessary
To take blood smears from persons who were in contact with animals
To cure animals
Quarantine measures
To kill animals as carriers of trypanosomes
5. The patient with provisional diagnosis "amebiosis" got to office
of infectious diseases hospital. For laboratory diagnostics it is
necessary to use such material:

blood plasma
cells of marrow
dental plaque
duodenal contents
+ excrements
6. What protozoan disease one can catch through blood transfu-
sion?
Trichomoniasis
+ Malaria
Leishmaniasis
Lambliosis
Toxoplasmosis
7. In liquid feces of the patient with mucus and blood, large ovi-
form cells were revealed; the large nucleus in them is similar to
haricot, and some blinking is noticeable around an envelope.
What is the parasite?
Toxoplasma
Trichomonas hominis
+ Balantidium
Lamblia
Entamoeba histolytica
8. The patient with complaints to often repeating wearisome at-
tacks, which are followed by fever, heat and sweat, consulted a
doctor. For statement of the final diagnosis it is necessary to in-
vestigate:
duodenal contents
cerebrospinal fluid
discharge of genitals
+ blood
excrements
9. Excrements of the patient who has chronic inflammation of a
thick gut were investigated in laboratory. Roundish cysts up to 18
microns in size with 8 and 16 nuclei were revealed. What parasite
they belong to?
Balantidium
Lamblia
Toxoplasma
+ Entamoeba coli
10. The child with gross abnormalities of skull structure, without
eyes and handles, with almost total absence of external genitals

was born. Mother had 2 abortions earlier. What the disease can
be present?
+ Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomosis
Visceral leishmaniasis
Amebiosis
Malaria
11. Formed excrements without impurity of mucus and blood from
the patient with chronic amoebic dysentery were brought to la-
boratory. What forms of amoeba can be found in them?
cysts with 8 and 16 nuclei
+ Cyst with 4 nuclei and minute form
Oocyst with 8 sporozoites
Tissue form
Cyst with 4 nuclei, minute and tissue forms
12. The patient consulted a doctor about weakness, increased fa-
tigue, sleeplessness at night and drowsiness in the afternoon,
headache, apathy, and lethargy. What method of diagnostics
should be used?
+ Microscopy of cerebrospinal fluid
Microscopy of stool
Microscopy of breast bone punctate
Inoculation of blood on a nutrient medium, microscopy
Microscopy of drop and smear of blood
13. Children sick with lambliosis were treated in the gastroentero-
logic office. Their infection occurred:
transplacentally
owing to stings of mosquitoes
+ when swallowing cysts with water and food
through injury of skin (through scratch)
when swallowing vegetative forms with water and food
14. In the 3-year-old child, temperature sharply increased, diar-
rhea and rashes on skin appeared, spleen and liver enlarged. The
cat, that have lacrimation and have lost sight, lives in a family.
What disease is possible in the child?
Balantidiasis
Trichomoniasis
Amebiosis
+ Toxoplasmosis
15. Liquid excrements from the patient with chronic gastrointesti-

nal disease have brought to the laboratory. On the basis of what
result of investigation the diagnosis of amebiosis is made?
+ Only after identification of tissue form of an amoeba
After identification of tissue form of an amoeba and positive results of the
immunological test
There is enough to detect impurity of blood in stool
After identification of any form of an amoeba (tissue or minute form, or cyst)
After identification of minute form or cyst of an amoeba
16. Provisional diagnosis "urogenital trichomoniasis" was made to
the patient. For specification of the diagnosis, it is necessary:
to reveal cysts in excrements
to perform immunological test
to reveal vegetative forms in excrements
+ to reveal vegetative forms in discharge of genitals
to reveal vegetative forms in blood
17. Blood was found in liquid excrements with mucus taken from
the patient with ulcer damage of intestines. What protozoan dis-
ease is more probable to assume?
Leishmaniasis
Toxoplasmosis
+ Amebiosis
Trichomoniasis
Lambliosis
18. Fever is observed in the patient one and a half weeks. Attacks
of high temperature repeat after 2 days. When it is necessary to
take blood for the analysis?
+ At any time
In the period of fever and temperature increase
Between attacks
In the period of heat, at very high temperature
At decrease in temperature
19. The woman had 2 spontaneous abortions. The doctor revealed
toxoplasmosis. What most probable way this woman caught the
disease?
+ Alimentary
Contact and household (through a bast and a towel) or sexual
Transmissible
Transplacental
During blood transfusion
20. The group of Ukrainian biologists caught gerbils in Central
Asia. Skin ulcers were revealed in some members of expedition.

What species of a protozoan is the most probable causative agent
of the disease?
– Balantidium coli
Plasmodium falciparum
+ Leishmania major
Trypanosoma cruzi
Toxoplasma gondii
21. Small curved mooned bodies were found in a punctate of
lymph nodes1 of the patient. When staining according to Ro-
manowsky, cytoplasm is blue and nucleus is red. Flagella are ab-
sent. What is it?
Leishmania
+ Toxoplasma
Lamblia
Trypanosome
Trichomonas
22. Liquid excrements with blood impurity from the patient with
chronic amoebic dysentery were brought to the laboratory. What
forms of dysenteric amoeba can be found there?
Cysts with 8 and 16 nuclei
+ Tissue form
Cyst with 4 nuclei, minute and tissue forms
Cyst with 4 nuclei and minute form
Tissue form, minute form, and uninuclear cyst
23. The patient has headache and muscle pain; his temperature
suddenly increased, towards evening decreased with strong per-
spiration. Skin is icteric, liver and spleen are enlarged. What
methods of diagnostics are necessary?
Microscopy of punctates of internal organs
Intracutaneous allergic test with toxoplasmic antigen
Immunological reactions of patient's blood with antigens
Protozoological investigation of feces of the patient
+ Microscopy of a drop and smears of blood
24. Oval cysts wit the size of 50×30 micron, with well noticeable
envelope and two nuclei of the different size, were revealed in na-
tive smear of feces of clinically healthy person. These cysts be-
long to:
1
There is a similar question, but the blood smear was investigated, and the wrong answer
was "Balantidium" instead of "Trichomonas".
Giardia lamblia
Entamoeba gingivalis
Amoeba proteus
+ Balantidium coli
25. The child of 14 years with normal development was hospital-
ized with the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Infection could happen:
+ through hands contaminated by oocysts
by swallowing cysts with water
through injuries of skin (through scratch)
transplacentally
through mucous membranes of a nose
26. The female student complains of stomach pain, appetite loss,
liquid stool with mucus impurity. Oval masses of 12 microns with
a double envelope, and 2–4 nuclei inside were found in excre-
ments. What is it?
Balantidium
Cyst of amoeba
Tissue form of amoeba
+ Lamblia cyst
Minute form of amoeba
27. A patient has typical symptoms of malaria: wasting fever, ex-
haustion. These attacks repeat after certain intervals of time.
What stage of Plasmodium is in the patient's blood?
Ookinete
Oocysts
Sporozoites
Sporocysts
1
+ Merozoites
28. Foreign student who arrived from India addressed to policlinic.
Vegetative forms of dysenteric amoeba were found in excre-
ments. Name the most probable way of penetration of the causa-
tive agent to the patient's organism:
parenteral
+ alimentary
transmissible
sexual
airborne
1
This answer is not good (it's difficult to find merozoites on the slide, because they are present
in the blood before the attack during very short period). Correct answer must be "trophozo-
ites".
29. The patient's excrements with suspicion on amebiosis were

brought to laboratory in an hour after defecation. Amoebas were
not found. Whether it excludes the diagnosis of amebiosis?
+ No, because vegetative forms quickly destroy in environment
No, because it is necessary to make additional blood test and immunologi-
cal research
Yes, because all forms of amoeba are absent (minute form, tissue form,
and cyst)
Yes, because minute forms and cysts are absent
Yes, because tissue forms are absent
30. The patient has inflammation of duodenum and gall bladder.
Oval cysts of 12 microns in size and with four nuclei and well-
outlined thick envelope were revealed in feces. What disease can
be in the patient?
Toxoplasmosis
Trichomoniasis
+ Lambliosis
Balantidiasis
Amebiosis
31. A patient with a provisional diagnosis of liver abscess was de-
livered to a surgical department of a hospital. The patient was
staying in Ukraine1. He had stomach disorder, indigestion, and
frequent bloody diarrhea. The patient hadn't consulted a doctor
before. Which protozoan illness could the patient be ill with?
Malaria
Trypanosomiasis
Leishmaniasis
+ Amebiasis
Toxoplasmosis
32. Slime, blood and protozoa 30–200 microns long have been
revealed in man's feces. The body is covered with cilia and has
correct oval shape with a little bit narrowed anterior and wide
round shaped posterior end. At the anterior end, a mouth is visi-
ble. In cytoplasm, there are two nuclei and two small vacuoles.
What are the described features typical for?
+ Balantidium
Lamblia
Intestinal amoeba
Trichomonas
1
Another variant: The patient had been staying for a long time on business in one of African
countries.
Dysenteric amoeba
33. The dead child with numerous malformations was born at the
woman. What material needs to be investigated for confirmation
of the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis?
+ Placenta and histologic cuts of organs of fetus
Mother's stool
Immunological test of mother's blood with antigen
Contents of intestines of fetus
Punctate of an internal of mother
34. Protozoans, which move by means of protrusions of ectoplasm
and had phagocytosed erythrocytes, were found in fresh bloody
and mucous excrements of the patient with dysfunction of intes-
tines. What species of protozoans was found most possibly?
Trichomonas hominis
Toxoplasma gondii
+ Entamoeba histolytica
Balantidium coli
Lamblia intestinalis
35. Pear-shaped protozoans of 10–20 microns in size were found
in liquid excrements. They have 5 flagella and quickly move. The
undulating membrane and large nucleus are noticeable. The body
has an axostyle at the end of a cell. What protozoan was found?
Lamblia
Trichomonas
Entamoeba coli
+ Trichomonas hominis
Balantidium
36. The patient has large ulcers (10–15 cm) on the lower extremi-
ties, which are painful at palpation, with large sanioserous exu-
date. A month ago, he was in rural areas of the Asian country
where sand flies and rodents live. Name the disease and its caus-
ative agent:
+ zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, Leishmania major
kala azar, Leishmania donovani
trypanosomosis, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
allergic reaction to stings of sand flies
anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, Leishmania tropica
37. Existence of Entamoeba histolytica forma minuta was estab-
lished among intestinal microflora by careful laboratory investiga-
tions of intestines content of healthy man. Under what conditions
amebiosis can develop in this person?
After the use of fermented milk products

+ Owing to malnutrition
Owing to long stay in the sun
As a result of partial loss of blood
After contact with person that is ill with flu
38. Fever, enlargement of spleen and liver are observed in the pa-
tient; reduction of number of erythrocytes in blood is established.
By microscopic investigation of smears of the punctate of breast-
bone, large number of small monocellular nonflagellated parasites
is revealed in cells of bone marrow. One nucleus is located in
their cytoplasm. The rhabdoid blepharoplast is noticeable. During
cultivation of a parasite on artificial nutrient medium, it turns into
a flagellate form. What disease can be assumed?
Trichomoniasis
Amebiosis
Trypanosomosis
Chagas' disease
39. Armadillos from South America were delivered into a zoo of
one of the cities of Ukraine. In their blood Trypanosoma cruzi
were revealed. Whether these animals represent epidemiological
danger?
+ Epidemiological danger is absent
They are dangerous only to man
They are dangerous to pets and man
They are dangerous only to dogs
They are dangerous to other armadillos and dogs
40. A duodenal content smear of a patient with indigestion con-
tains protozoa 10–18 mcm large. They have four pairs of flagella,
two symmetrically located nuclei in the broadened part of body.
What kind of the lowest organisms is it?
Dysentery ameba
Intestinal ameba
Trichomonas
+ Lamblia
Balantidium
41. The group of the Ukrainian tourists brought gerbils from Sa-
markand. At examination of these small animals at customs of-
fice, ulcers were found on their skin. What species of a protozoan
is the most probable causative agent of disease of animals?
Balantidium coli
+ Leishmania major1
Trypanosoma cruzi
Toxoplasma gondii
42. The tsetse fly (Glossina palpalis), which just left a pupa, has
sucked blood of the person sick with African sleeping sickness. In
a week the same fly bit the healthy person, but he did not get
sick with trypanosomosis because:
+ development of the invasive stage of trypanosome in an organism of a fly
needs 20 days
this person did proper preventive vaccination in due time
vector of the causative agent of trypanosomosis is not tsetse fly, but sand
fly is
the person had congenital immunity
trypanosomosis is natural and focal disease, and repeated sting happened,
obviously, outside the natural focus
43. During investigation of a blood smear of the patient with sus-
picion on malaria taken in the remission period, plasmodia were
not revealed. In what period of the disease it was necessary to
take blood, and what preparations should be prepared for confir-
mation of the diagnosis?
Microscopic investigation of the smear of peripheral blood taken in fever
time
Microscopic investigation of blood drop taken during remission
Infection of laboratory animals with patient's blood taken in any period
+ Microscopic investigation of blood drop and smear of peripheral blood, tak-
en in the attack period
Serological investigations during any period
44. What clinical picture can be observed in the patient with ter-
tian malaria (infecting agent is Plasmodium vivax), if we will to
measure temperature every day and mark days when it raises?
40 37 37 40 37 37
+ 40 37 40 37 40 37
40 37 37 37 40 37 37 37
40 40 37 40 40 37 40 40 37
40 40 40 37 40 40 40 37
45. A patient consulted a doctor because of complaints of general
weakness, pain in bowels, indigestion, frequent cases of bloody
diarrhea (3–5 times a day). Laboratory analysis showed that the
1
Old Latin name is Leishmania tropica major.
patient's feces contained vegetative forms of protozoans with an

unstable body shape. Their cytoplasm contained food vacuoles
with erythrocytes. What representative of Protozoa was found in
the patient's feces?1
Giardia intestinalis
Balantidium coli
Entamoeba coli
Trichomonas vaginalis
46. By using in food of insufficiently boiled meat of mammals, it is
possible to catch:
trypanosomosis
lambliosis
+ toxoplasmosis
balantidiasis
leishmaniasis
47. Having returned from Turkmenia, a patient with ulcers on his
face came to a doctor. The doctor diagnosed cutaneous leishman-
iasis. How did the disease agent get into the patient's organism?
+ By the inoculable way
By the respiratory way
By a direct contact
By a sexual contact
By food
48. During medical examination, the cysts containing 4 nuclei of
the identical size are revealed in excrements of the worker of the
dining hall. For what protozoan such cysts are characteristic?
Entamoeba coli
Balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondii
49. Some antelopes were brought to the Kyiv zoo from Africa.
Trypanosoma gambiense were found in their blood. Are these an-
telopes epidemically dangerous?
Dangerous to domestic animals and human
Dangerous only to human
+ Are not epidemically dangerous at all
Dangerous to other antelopes
1
Similar question can have answers with common English names of causative agents.
Dangerous only to predators

50. Chronic (asymptomatic) toxoplasmosis was established in the
person. Hospitalization was not made, and confused relatives iso-
lated the patient from any contacts. The doctor pointed to inex-
pediency of isolation, because:
man is infected with toxoplasmosis only antenatally
+ man cannot be a source of infection for other person
the causative agent of toxoplasmosis is transferred by the airborne way
all family is already infected with Toxoplasma and it is necessary to treat all
persons
it will provoke an exacerbation of disease
51. Two cases of malaria were revealed in the settlement located
near a reservoir. The diagnosis was confirmed by blood test,
which showed existence of the causative agent of tertian malaria.
It is:
+ Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium berghei
52. As a result of examination, the diagnosis of visceral leishman-
iasis was made to the patient. The causative agent of this disease
is localized in:
muscles
erythrocytes
cells of a brain
lungs
+ cells of liver and spleen
53. The patient with heavy disorder of intestines consulted a doc-
tor; liquid excrements with mucus was found to have blood. Bac-
terial dysentery was suspected, but the diagnosis was not con-
firmed in the laboratory. What protozoan disease is most proba-
ble in this patient?
Toxoplasmosis
Lambliosis
Trichomoniasis
+ Amebiosis
Leishmaniasis
54. The worker of a farmyard caught balantidiasis. Choose stage
that is invasive for man:
oocyst
large vegetative form

pseudocyst
+ cyst
sporozoite
55. Blood of the donor who arrived from Angola was transfused to
the female patient during delivery. In two weeks the recipient had
a fever. It was assumed that the patient has malaria. By means
of what laboratory investigation it is possible to specify this diag-
nosis?
Studying of leukocytic blood count
+ Investigation of blood drop
Determination of the causative agent by method of inoculation of blood on
a nutrient medium
Carrying out serological tests
Investigation of a punctate of lymph nodes
56. What stages of life cycle of Toxoplasma occur in a human
body?
+ Endogonic development
Schizogony
Sporogony
Gametogenesis
Fertilization
57. The inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes, ulcers of
skin and surrounding tissues were found in the patient. The mi-
croscopic investigation of discharge from ulcers revealed intracel-
lular forms of flagellates. What disease the patient can have?
Coccidiosis
Balantidiasis
Toxoplasmosis
+ Dermatotropic leishmaniasis
58. Blood for investigation was taken from the patient with malar-
ia in the period of fever and temperature increase. What stages of
erythrocytic schizogony will prevail?
Multinuclear schizonts
Ameboid trophozoites
Trophozoites in a ring stage
Sexual forms
+ Disintegration of schizonts and release of merozoites
59. A patient complained of general weakness, bad appetite, and
nausea. After the examination in the duodenal aspirates pear-
shaped protozoans with 4 pairs of flagella and two nuclei were

found. Which disease could the patient be ill with?
Trichomoniasis
Leishmaniasis
+ Giardiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Malaria
60. A woman delivered a dead child with multiple developmental
defects. What protozoan disease might have caused the intrauter-
ine death?1
Leishmaniasis
+ Toxoplasmosis
Amebiasis
2
Lambliasis
Malaria
61. The patient with complaints to frequent liquid excrements,
pain in stomach, and vomiting consulted the infectious diseases
hospital. During protozoan research of excrements, small vegeta-
tive forms without erythrocytes were revealed. Excrements were
placed in the refrigerator, and cysts with four nuclei were found in
a day. The cause of such state can be:
Trichomonas
Balantidium
Entamoeba coli
Lamblia
62. Malaria is a serious protozoan disease, which is characterized
by wearisome attacks of fever. These attacks occur because:
spleen and bone marrow are affected
organism's sensitization occurs
+ hemolysis of erythrocytes occurs owing to schizogony
antibodies are formed against erythrocytes, and they cause hemolysis
cells of a liver are broken off owing to schizogony
63. Oval cysts with 2–4 nuclei and of 10–14 microns in size, and
with an envelope that is separated in the form of a half moon,
were found in excrements of the patient with symptoms of in-
flammations of duodenum, gall bladder, and bile ducts. What pro-
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: A woman gave birth to
a dead baby with a lot of failures of development. What protozoan disease could cause the fe-
tus's death?
2
Another possible answer "Giardiasis".
tozoa parasitize in the patient?

+ Lamblia
Balantidium
Trypanosome
Leishmania
64. A businessman came to India from South America. On exami-
nation, the physician found that the patient was suffering from
Chagas disease. What was the way of invasion?
Through dirty hands
With contaminated fruits and vegetables
As a result of mosquito's bites
After contact with a sick dog
+ As a result of bug's bites
65. A patient with bile ducts inflammation was admitted to a gas-
trointestinal department. In the bile, active pear-shaped protozo-
ans with 2 nuclei and 4 pairs of flagella were found. What proto-
zoan disease did the patient have?
+ Giardiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Balantidiasis
Trichomoniasis
Amebiasis
66. 42-year-old man with complaints to weakness of muscles, fa-
tigue, drowsiness, and decrease in mental work consulted a doc-
tor. It was found that 5 years ago he was in Ethiopia. What ac-
tions of the doctor are most expedient for making of the diagno-
sis?
To take excrements for research
To analyze the smear taken from genitals
To carry out microscopy of blood smears
+ To investigate punctates of lymph nodes and cerebrospinal fluid
To investigate biopsy material of muscles
67. At what human protozoan disease brain and eyes are invad-
ed?
Leishmaniasis
Lambliosis
Trichomoniasis
+ Toxoplasmosis
Amebiosis
68. By means of blood-sicking vectors human can be infected by:
Lamblia
+ Leishmania
trichomonads
amoebas
Toxoplasma
69. Due to the birth of the child with numerous malformations
(microcephaly, idiocy etc.), spouses consulted the genetic consul-
tation. The woman during pregnancy was ill, but she did not use
mutagens and teratogens. Karyotype of parents and child is nor-
mal. A doctor has found that the family keeps a cat in the apart-
ment. What can be a probable cause of malformation of the new-
born child?
Woman had leishmaniasis during pregnancy
Woman had dysentery during pregnancy
Woman had balantidiasis during pregnancy
Woman was ill trichomoniasis during pregnancy
+ Woman had toxoplasmosis during pregnancy
70. A patient with attacks of wasting fever and the body tempera-
ture rising up to 40°C was admitted to an infectious department
of a hospital. The attacks repeated rhythmically every 48 hours.
It was known from anamnesis that the patient had recently re-
turned from South Africa where he had been staying for 3 years.
What was the causative organism of the disease?
Agent of Gambian trypanosomiasis
Agent of giardiasis
1
Agent of quartan malaria
Agent of toxoplasmosis
2
+ Agent of tertian malaria
71. The diagnosis of amebiosis is made in case of identification in
excrement of:
cysts with four nuclei
uninuclear cysts
minuta forms
cysts with eight nuclei
+ large tissue forms
72. The patient has blood feces, 3–10 and more times per day.
What protozoan disease can be present in the patient?
Leishmaniasis
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , incorrect word combination "four-days' malaria" is used.
2
In the book Collec ion of asks , incorrect word combination "three-days' malaria" is used.
Trypanosomosis
+ Amebiosis
Malaria
Trichomoniasis
73. Visceral leishmaniasis is revealed in the child from Central
Asia. Name internal organ in which parasites can be located:
spinal cord
brain
heart
lungs
+ red bone marrow
74. What clinical picture can be observed in the patient with quar-
tan malaria (Plasmodium malariae is an infecting agent), if we will
to measure temperature every day and mark days when it raises?
40 37 40 37 40 37
40 37 37 37 40 37 37 37
40 40 40 40 37 40 40 40 40 37
+ 40 37 37 40 37 37
40 40 37 37 40 40 37 37
75. A doctor is staying in one of Asian countries taking care of 10-
year-old sick children. The symptoms of the disease are: exhaus-
tion, fever, anemia, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. As there
are a lot of mosquitoes in this country, the children are likely to
be sick with:
+ visceral leishmaniasis
balantidiasis
toxoplasmosis
giardiasis
amebiasis
76. Examination of the duodenal contents revealed some pear-
shaped protozoa with two nuclei and four pairs of flagella. The
organisms had also two axostyles1 between the nuclei and a ven-
tral adhesive disc. What representative of protozoa was found in
the patient?
Toxoplasma
+ Lamblia
Intestinal trichomonad
Trypanosome
Leishmania
1
supporting filaments.
77. 25-year-old woman liked to eat crude livestock products

(milk, eggs, meat). When she became pregnant, doctors during
examination found high titers of antibodies in blood that was evi-
dence of an invasion. There was a question of induced abortion.
What disease was revealed in this woman?
Trypanosomosis
+ Toxoplasmosis
Trichomoniasis
Lambliosis
Malaria
78. Professional diseases most often happen in people of certain
profession. What of protozoan diseases can belong to professional
diseases?
+ Balantidiasis
Amebiosis
Lambliosis
Malaria
Leishmaniasis
79. The patient with complaints to increased temperature and di-
arrhea with mucus and blood consulted a doctor. During exami-
nation, colourless oocysts of 23–33 microns in size, of extended
oviform shape, with extended forward end on which there is a
shallow constriction, were revealed in excrements of the patient.
An oocyst has double envelope and granular layer inside. For
what species of protozoans the described features are character-
istic?
Balantidium coli
+ Isospora belli
Toxoplasma gondii
80. For what protozoans the transmissible way of distribution of
an infecting agent is possible?
Lamblia, Toxoplasma
Malarial plasmodia, Toxoplasma
Trichomonads, trypanosomes
+ Malarial plasmodia, Leishmania
Lamblia, Balantidium
81. Parents with an ill child consulted the infection disease doctor.
They had been working in one of the Asian countries for a long
time. The child has sallow skin, loss of appetite, laxity, enlarged
liver, spleen, peripheral lymph nodes. What protozoan illness can

be suspected?
Toxoplasmosis
Amebiasis
Lambliasis
Balantidiasis
82. The man of middle age lost sight on the right eye and con-
sulted a doctor on deterioration of sight on the left eye. What
protozoan disease the doctor can suspect?
Leishmaniasis
+ Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomosis
Lambliosis
Trichomoniasis
83. During microscopy of smear of excrements, cysts with four
nuclei were revealed. What protozoan parasite they belong to?
Leishmania
Balantidium
Trichomonas
Toxoplasma
84. During microscopic research of native preparation of excre-
ment of the patient which have bloody and mucous character,
spherical microorganisms in which cytoplasm contains erythro-
cytes and small cysts with 4 nuclei were found. About what caus-
ative agent one can think?
Entamoeba coli
Trichomonas hominis
Leishmania donovani
85. Woman who had some spontaneous abortions is investigated
in the clinic for women. Based on the epidemiological anamnesis,
chronic toxoplasmosis was suspected. What laboratory investiga-
tion is more effective for confirmation of the diagnosis?
Microscopy of blood smear
Microscopy of vaginal smear
+ Serological reactions
Skin test
Microscopy of smear of excrements
86. Two weeks after blood transfusion, a recipient has developed

fever. What protozoal disease can be suspected?
Trypanosomiasis
+ Malaria
Leishmaniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Amebiasis
87. The examination of a patient showed that he had toxoplasmo-
sis. Which material was used for diagnosing the disease?
Feces
+ Blood
Urine
Duodenal contents
1
Sputum
88. What protozoan disease belongs to natural and focal diseases?
+ Leishmaniasis
Lambliosis
Trichomoniasis
Amebiosis
Balantidiasis
89. The patient with complaints to headache was taken to hospi-
tal. He is ill 1.5 weeks. The disease began with sharp temperature
increase of a body to 39.9°C. In 3 hours, it decreased, and the
perspiration began. Attacks repeat rhythmically each 48 hours.
The patient was at excursion in one of the African countries. Doc-
tors suspected malaria. What method of laboratory investigation
needs to be used?
Immunological test
+ Blood test
Analysis of excrements
Analysis of discharge from vagina
Analysis of urine
90. A female patient has symptoms of inflammation of urogenital
tracts. Examination of a vaginal smear revealed big unicellular
pear-shaped organisms with a sharp spike at the posterior end of
the body, big nucleus and undulating membrane. What protozoa
were found in the smear?
Trypanosoma gambiense
Trichomonas hominis
1
Another possible answer: phlegm.
+ Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas buccalis
91. Patients with similar complaints applied to the doctor: weak-
ness, pain in the intestines, and disorder of GIT. Examination of
the faeces revealed that one patient with four nucleus cysts
should be hospitalized immediately. For what protozoa are such
cysts typical?
Balantidium
+ Dysenteric amoeba
Lamblia
Intestinal amoeba
Trichomonas
92. For the purpose of parasitological confirmation of the diagno-
sis and for isolation of the causative agent of infantile leishmania-
sis, sternal puncture of bone marrow of patients was carried out.
What causative agent can be revealed in marrow preparations
(choose the Latin name)?
Leishmania tropica minor
Leishmania donovani
+ Leishmania infantum
Trypanosoma cruzi
93. A woman who had two miscarriages came to a maternity wel-
fare centre1. Which protozoan illness could provoke the miscar-
riages?
Balantidiasis
Trichomoniasis
+ Toxoplasmosis
Giardiasis
Amebiasis
94. The patient having the painless ulcers covered with brown-red
crusts on the open part of a body consulted a doctor. After re-
moval of these crusts, the surface covered with granulations was
opened. During microscopic investigation of preparations stained
according to Romanowsky-Giemsa, microorganisms of spherical
and oval shape were revealed. Duration of a disease was more
than one year. What microorganism can cause this disease?
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , incorrect word combination "women's consultating centre"
is used.
Leishmania tropica var. major
Trichomonas hominis
+ Leishmania tropica var. minor
Leishmania donovani
95. During microscopy of smear of human feces, eight-nuclear
cysts were revealed. What protozoan they belong to?
Balantidium
+ Intestinal amoeba
Lamblia
Toxoplasma
96. Nausea, vomiting, frequent (20 times per day) liquid stool
with impurity of mucus and blood are observed in the patient.
During microscopic investigation of excrements, the vegetative
forms, having 2 nuclei and cilia, and uninuclear cysts were found.
What most probable diagnosis can be assumed for this patient?
Toxoplasmosis
Amebiosis
Lambliosis
+ Balantidiasis
Trichomoniasis
97. During examination of the pregnant woman, Trichomonas
vaginalis was revealed. In what biological form this parasite is
usually present in a human body?
Cyst with 4 nuclei
+ Trophozoite
Cyst with 8 nuclei
Uninuclear cyst
Merozoite
98. Examination of a man revealed a protozoan disease that af-
fected brain and caused vision loss. Blood analysis revealed uni-
cellular half-moon-shaped organisms with pointed end. The caus-
ative agent of this disease is:
Leishmania
+ Toxoplasma
Lamblia
Amoeba
Trichomonad
99. Patients with complaints to general weakness, pain in intes-
tines, and disorder of digestion got to hospital. During investiga-
tion of excrements, cysts with four nuclei were found. For what
protozoan such cysts are characteristic?
Balantidium
Intestinal amoeba
Oral amoeba
+ Dysenteric amoeba
Lamblia
100. Parasitic protozoans were found in the cavities of carious
teeth. It is determined that they belong to the Sarcodina class. It
is considered that they can cause some complications at stomato-
logic diseases. These monocellular organisms are:
Entamoeba coli
Amoeba proteus
+ Entamoeba gingivalis
101. When doctors of sanitary and epidemiologic station inspect
workers of the sphere of public catering, they often reveal
asymptomatic carrier condition when clinically healthy person is a
source of cysts that infect other people. During parasitizing of
what causative agent in human this is possible? 1
Malarial plasmodium
+ Dysenteric amoeba
Trypanosomes
Dermatotropic Leishmania
Viscerotropic Leishmania
102. In the woman's anamnesis, there were two miscarriages. The
third pregnancy ended in a birth of a baby with a lot of malfor-
mations (upper extremities were absent and lower extremities
were underdeveloped). The presence of what protozoans in the
woman's body could cause such abnormalities?
Balantidium coli
Trichomonas hominis
+ Toxoplasma gondii
103. The patient has fever with increase of temperature up to 39–
40°C twice a day, increase of spleen and liver. Blood test showed
1
During exams in 2007, 2008 and 2009 (among students studying stomatology), incorrect
question was used: "What causative agent cannot parasitize in such a way?"
anemia. What disease can be suspected at the patient?

+ Leishmaniasis
Giardiasis
Trichomoniasis
Balantidiasis
Trypanosomosis
104. A journalist's body temperature has sharply increased in the
morning three weeks after his mission in India; it was accompa-
nied with shivering and bad headache. A few hours later the tem-
perature decreased. The attacks began to repeat in a day. He was
diagnosed with tropical malaria. What stage of development of
Plasmodium is infective for anopheles female?
Sporozoites
Schizonts
+ Gametocytes
Merozoites
Microgamete
105. During investigation of blood smear taken from the sick per-
son and stained by Romanowsky's method, a doctor revealed pro-
tozoa and diagnosed Chagas' disease. What protozoan caused
this disease?
Leishmania donovani
Toxoplasma gondii
Leishmania tropica
Trypanosoma brucei
+ Trypanosoma cruzi
106. The child had nausea, vomiting and pains in right hypochon-
drium. During investigation of stool, oval cysts (8–14 microns)
with 2–4 nuclei were found. What disease can be suspected in the
patient?
+ Giardiasis
Amebiosis
Trichomoniasis
Trypanosomosis
Leishmaniasis
107. Cells of malarial plasmodium, which occupy almost all the
erythrocyte, were found in blood smear of the patient with malar-
ia. Nuclei are large, the pigment is observed. What stage of
erythrocytic schizogony was found in the preparation?
Sporozoites
Trophozoites
Ring trophozoites
+ Merozoites
Oocysts
108. The woman with complaints, which are characteristic for in-
flammatory process in vagina, consulted the gynecologist. What
species of protozoans can cause these complaints?
Plasmodium malariae
Toxoplasma gondii
Entamoeba coli
109. During investigation of the smear of cerebrospinal fluid
painted on Romanowsky, mooned protozoans with the narrowed
end, blue cytoplasm and red nucleus were revealed. About what
disease one can talk?
Leishmaniasis
Malaria
+ Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomosis
Amebiosis
110. Man who lived in the endemic focus, had tertian malaria. In
one and a half years after moving to other district, he got sick
with malaria again. What is the most probable form of this dis-
ease?
Superinfection
Reinfection
Long-lasting infection
+ Recurrence
Secondary infection
111. A patient working at a pig farm complains of paroxysmal ab-
dominal pain, liquid feces with admixtures of mucus and blood,
headache, weakness, and fever. Examination of large intestine
revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to several cm in diameter, feces
contained oval unicellular organisms with cilia. What disease
should be suspected?
Amebiasis
Lambliasis
+ Balantidiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Trichomoniasis
112. Give an example of a natural and focal disease that is caused
by flagellates.
Trichomoniasis
+ Trypanosomosis
Toxoplasmosis
Lambliosis
Balantidiasis
113. There are free-living and parasitic forms among unicellular or-
ganisms. Diseases, which are caused by parasitic unicellular organ-
isms, have the general name:
+ protozoan diseases
trematodiases
filariases
nematodoses
cestodiases
114. The patient with complaints to abdominalgia, frequent liquid
excrements with impurity of mucus and blood consulted a doctor.
During investigation of excrements, vegetative forms of protozo-
ans of 30–40 microns in size, which contain a large number of the
phagocytized erythrocytes, were revealed in smears. What proto-
zoan disease is present in this patient?
Leishmaniasis
Trichomoniasis
Lambliosis1
Toxoplasmosis
+ Amebiosis
115. Some of the protozoans form cysts in difficult environments.
Specify such animal:
malarial plasmodium
trypanosome
intestinal trichomonad
+ dysenteric amoeba
vaginal trichomonad
116. Oval monocellular animals covered with short cilia were re-
vealed in excrements of the patient with disorder of digestive
tract. Their cytoplasm contains two pulsing vacuoles, micro- and
a macronucleus. To what disease these signs indicate?
Amebiosis
+ Balantidiasis
Toxoplasmosis
1
Another possible answer is "Giardiasis".
Viscerotropic leishmaniasis
Lambliosis
117. The pregnant woman has a suspicion on toxoplasmosis. What
effective method of diagnosis of toxoplasmosis will confirm the
diagnosis?
Polymerase chain reaction
Clinical blood test
+ Blood microscopy
DNA analysis
Kassoni's reaction
118. African sleeping sickness is found in the patient. What insect,
when biting the patient, could transmit to him the causative
agent of this disease?
Wohlfahrtia
Typhoid fly
Stable fly
+ Tsetse fly
Bed bug
119. Cysts of protozoans were revealed in smears of feces of the
patient. What types of listed below they can belong to?
+ Lamblia intestinalis
Trichomonas tenax
Trichomonas hominis
Chilomastix mesnili
120. After sting of sand fly, ulcer was formed on the face of wom-
an living in Turkmenistan. After microscopy of discharge from ul-
cer, the diagnosis was made: dermatotropic leishmaniasis. What
stage of Leishmania was found in cells of skin of the patient?
Flagellate
Ciliary
+ Nonflagellated
With pseudopodia
Cyst
121. By studying smear from urinogenital tracts of the man under
the microscope, the laboratory assistant has found protozoans
having the following traits: pear-shaped body of 20 microns in
size, 4 flagella, undulating membrane, a nucleus, vacuoles, and
an axostyle. Define this parasite.
+ Vaginal trichomonad
Lamblia
Trypanosome
Toxoplasma
122. During three pregnancies, abortions are observed in the
woman. By examination, it was noted that the woman spent holi-
days in the south of Ukraine for a long time; she lived in a family
where there was a cat. What parasite this woman could catch so
that it can be the cause of abortions?
Lamblia
Amoeba
Plasmodium
+ Toxoplasma
Balantidium
123. During sanitary inspection of a reservoir in which children
from a recreation camp bathe, oval cysts of 50–60 microns in size
in the diameter, in which 2 nuclei (large and small) are visible in
the cytoplasm, were revealed. What cysts of protozoans were
found in water?
Lamblia
+ Balantidium
Toxoplasma
Amoeba
Euglena
124. Protozoans of pear-shaped form that have body length of 6–
13 microns were found during microscopic investigation of dis-
charge from gums of the patient having periodontosis. There is
one nucleus in the cell, 4 flagella are located on the forward end,
undulating membrane is present. What protozoa were found in
the patient?
Leishmania
+ Trichomonads
Amoebas
Balantidium
Lamblia
125. The patient in a serious condition, with symptoms of dehy-
dration, intestines pains, anemia, and blood diarrhea got to infec-
tious diseases hospital. The doctor suspected existence of amoe-
bic dysentery, but the diagnosis during laboratory investigation
was not confirmed. What protozoan disease, except dysentery,
can cause similar symptoms in human?
+ Balantidiasis
Lambliosis
Trichomoniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomosis
126. The female patient complains of bad dream, the reduced
working capacity, an itch, feeling of heartburn around genitals,
purulent foamy discharge. During differential diagnostics, unicel-
lular organisms of a pear-shaped form with 4 flagella and a thorn
on the opposite end of a body were revealed. What is a species of
organisms?
Trichomonas hominis
Toxoplasma gondii
127. Recently the disease of toxoplasmosis quite often meets at
newborns. What is the reason of it?
Non-compliance of rules of personal hygiene
Hereditary factors
Environment factors
Birth injuries
+ Intrauterine infection from sick mother
128. During microscopic investigation of fresh excrements of the
patient with complaints to frequent liquid excrements with blood
("crimson jelly"), large cells with one nucleus and the phagocyt-
ized erythrocytes were revealed. What protozoan is such morpho-
logical structure typical for?
Giardia lamblia
Campylobacter jejuni
Toxoplasma gondii
Balantidium coli
129. The woman with complaints to drowsiness, fast fatigue, ex-
haustion, and fever consulted a doctor. It is known that she re-
turned from travel across Africa recently. What main method of
laboratory investigation is necessary for making the diagnosis?
+ Microscopic research of blood smears and punctate of lymph nodes
Biochemical research
Immunological reactions
Clinical blood test
Biological method
130. The woman of 25 years with complaints to liquid excrements,

abdominal distension, and loss of appetite consulted a doctor.
During microscopy of smears of excrements, Lamblia was found.
What main mechanism of transmission of the causative agent?
Parenteral
+ Faecal and oral
Sexual
Transmissible
Contact
131. During examination of workers of cafe, vegetative forms of
Balantidium coli were revealed in excrements of one of workers.
What measures need to be taken in order to avoid distribution of
an invasion?
+ To isolate the carrier of an invasion and to treat him
To do protective immunizations to all workers of cafe
To discharge of operation of the carrier of an invasion
To carry out disinfection of the working room
No measures are necessary
132. Unicellular organisms of pear-shaped form with 4 flagella
were found in deposit on gums of the patient with periodontosis.
What of the listed protozoans was in deposit?
Balantidium coli
Trichomonas hominis
+ Trichomonas tenax
Acanthamoeba
133. The woman gave birth to the child with multiple malfor-
mations (hydrocephaly, underdeveloped extremities). There is a
suspicion on toxoplasmosis. What method needs to be used for
clarifying of the diagnosis?
Clinical blood test
+ Serological tests
Investigation of smears of excrements
Biochemical blood test
Investigation of punctate of breastbone
134. During investigation of smears from an oral cavity of the pa-
tient, the vegetative forms of Trichomonas tenax were found. To
what type of symbiosis it is possible to belong them?
Ectoparasitism
Endoparasitism
+ Commensalism
Mutualism
Common inhabitation
135. A lymph node punctate of a patient with suspected protozoal
disease was examined. Examination of the stained specimen
(Romanowsky's stain) revealed some crescent bodies with point-
ed end, blue cytoplasm and red nucleus. What protozoans were
revealed in the smears?
Visceral leishmania
+ Toxoplasmas
Malarial plasmodia
Trypanosomes
Dermotropic leishmania
136. Cysts were found in the feces of a restaurant worker. They
had 4 nuclei of the same size. Which of the protozoans did the
cysts belong to?
Entamoeba coli
Balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondii
137. A gynaecologist was examining a patient and revealed symp-
toms of genital tract inflammation. A smear from vagina contains
pyriform protozoa with a spine, flagella at their front; there is al-
so an undulating membrane. What disease can be suspected?
+ Urogenital trichomoniasis
Intestinal trichomoniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Balantidiasis
Lambliasis
138. The patient with inflammation symptoms in a mouth consult-
ed the stomatologist. Protozoans with changeable shape of a
body, which changes owing to formation of pseudopodia, were
revealed in smears taken from a surface of teeth and gums. The
size of a body is 6–30 microns. Specify a species of a protozoan.
Intestinal amoeba
Dysenteric amoeba
Lamblia
+ Oral amoeba
139. The patient had felt weakness, headache, and periodic tem-
perature increase in 15 days after return from many months
swimming in the Areas of Mediterranean and the Western Africa.

The doctor suspected malaria in the patient. What of the listed
methods is the most adequate in diagnosis of this disease?
Microbiological
+ Microscopic
Serological
Allergic
Biological
140. Cysts with 8 nuclei were found in the feces examined through
a microscope. Which protozoans did those cysts belong to?
Balantidium coli
+ Entamoeba coli
Trichomonas hominis
Toxoplasma gondii
141. During the checkup of restaurant workers doctors often no-
tice asymptomatic parasitosis: a totally healthy person is a carrier
of cysts which infect other people. The parasitism of which para-
sites makes it possible?
Plasmodium vivax
Trypanosoma gambiense
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania infantum
142. Blood for confirmation of the clinical diagnosis "toxoplasmo-
sis" was taken from the pregnant woman. What of the listed sero-
logical reactions has diagnostic value?
Neutralization reaction
Hemadsorption test1
Agglutination reaction
Hemagglutination-inhibition reaction
+ Complement-fixation reaction
143. According the anamnesis, woman had three abortions; as a
result of the fourth pregnancy, the child with lesion of the central
nervous system and an eye, enlargement of lymph nodes and
spleen was born. It is known that two cats live in the house of the
patient. During microscopic investigation of blood smears and
punctates of lymph nodes, little mooned bodies were found in her
cells; one end of these bodies is pointed and has a structure in
1
Other possible incorrect answers: precipitation test, Widal test, and Wassermann test.
the form of a sucker, another end is rounded. What parasite is

found in the woman?
+ Toxoplasma gondii
Balantidium coli
Trichomonas hominis
Plasmodium vivax
144. By microscopic research of scraping of a gum of the 60-year-
old woman with heavy form of periodontosis, uninuclear protozoa
of 3–60 microns in size with wide pseudopodia were revealed.
What protozoa were revealed in the patient?
+ Entamoeba gingivalis
Trichomonas tenax
Toxoplasma gondii
Balantidium coli
145. The person after sting of sand fly had skin ulcers. The analy-
sis of contents of an ulcer revealed nonflagellated unicellular or-
ganisms. What is the provisional diagnosis?
Trypanosomosis
Balantidiasis
Toxoplasmosis
146. In the feces of a person ill with chronic colitis round cysts
with 4 nuclei, 10 micrometers in diameter were found. Which of
the protozoans do they belong to?
Entamoeba coli
Balantidium coli
147. A patient who has recently arrived from an endemic area
presents with elevated body temperature, headache, chills, ma-
laise, that is with the symptoms which are typical for a common
cold. What laboratory tests are necessary to prove or to disprove
the diagnosis of malaria?
Study of lymph node punctate
Urinalysis
Study of cerebrospinal fluid
Microscopy of bone marrow punctate
+ Microscopy of blood smears

148. During the examination of duodenal aspirates of a patient
with indigestion, pear-shaped protozoans measuring 10–18 mi-
crometers with 4 pairs of flagella were found. In a large part
there were 2 symmetrically placed nuclei. Which of the protozo-
ans parasitized within the patient's body?
Entamoeba coli
Trichomonas hominis
+ Giardia intestinalis
Balantidium coli
149. A patient was taken to a hospital with complaints of general
weakness, pain in bowels, indigestion. The feces examination re-
vealed cysts with 4 nuclei. Which protozoan are these cysts most
typical of?
Entamoeba coli
Balantidium coli
150. At scatological research, roundish cysts, which have four nu-
clei as characteristic trait, were revealed by doctors of sanitary
and epidemiologic station in workers of a coffee house. Most like-
ly, this organism asymptomatically parasitizes at these workers:
intestinal amoeba
+ dysenteric amoeba
Lamblia
Balantidium
intestinal trichomonad
HELMINTHS
1. What is used as diagnostics of trichinosis from listed laboratory
examinations?
Analysis of feces on the presence of eggs of helminths
Analysis of urine on the presence of eggs of helminths
Identification of parasites and their eggs in scraping from perianal area
Analysis of duodenal contents on the presence of eggs of helminths
+ Biopsy of muscles
2. The patient has enlarged liver, nausea, increased temperature,
and hepatic colics. Large (140×80 micron) yellow oval eggs with
lid are found in feces. What disease can be present?
+ Fascioliasis
Opisthorchiasis
Ascariasis
Echinococcosis
Dicroceliasis
3. The patient, who lived in Western Siberia, complains of weak-
ness, loss of appetite, nausea, headache, and pain in right hypo-
chondrium. He likes to eat fish and pork. What helminthosis
should be expected?
Ascariasis
Taeniasis
Diphyllobothriasis
Trichinosis
+ Opisthorchiasis
4. The sanitary station forbade sale of batch of fish infected with
plerocercoids. These larvae can cause:
trichinosis
ancylostomiasis
+ diphyllobothriasis
taeniasis
trichocephaliasis
5. The child uneasily sleeps, gnashes teeth during dream, and
scratches perianal area. Thin white worms 1 cm long with pointed
ends are revealed. About what helminthosis one can think?
Trichocephaliasis
Ascariasis
Trichinosis
+ Enterobiasis
Strongyloidosis
6. Little mobile red worms of 1 cm in size are found in feces of

the patient with apparent anemia and allergic manifestations.
What disease is the most probable?
Ascariasis
+ Ancylostomiasis
Dracunculosis
Loiasis
Trichinosis
7. The doctor prescribed the patient the dietary food including
dishes of crude beef liver. What consequences can arise in this
case?
Infection with cysticercosis is possible
Infection with fascioliasis is possible
Infection with opisthorchiasis is possible
Infection with echinococcosis is possible
+ Infection with the listed diseases is impossible
8. During examination of employees of catering establishment,
persons with helminthoses are revealed. In the case of what dis-
ease they represent threat for people around?
Opisthorchiasis
Paragonimiasis
Echinococcosis
+ Taeniasis
Wuchereriasis
9. Microscopic examination of the sputum of a patient with
pneumonia occasionally revealed some larvae. Eosinophiles were
detected on blood examination. What helminthiasis can be diag-
nosed?
Enterobiosis
Paragonimiasis
+ Ascariasis
Opisthorchiasis
Trichocephaliasis
10. During veterinary and sanitary examination of pork in the
market, the larvae curtailed into a spiral were revealed. Meat was
not allowed to sale because it is infected by:
assassin worm
+ Trichinella
ascarid
whipworm
American hookworm
11. During analysis of stool and sputum on the presence of eggs

of helminths, large (100 microns) golden eggs with thick enve-
lope and operculum and a knob on the opposite pole were re-
vealed. Make the diagnosis:
hymenolepiasis
+ paragonimiasis
hookworm disease
echinococcosis
loiasis
12. Diphyllobothriasis is revealed in 54-year-old sick woman. By
using of what products she caught this disease?
+ Insufficiently salted fish and caviar
Crude liver of a cow
Crude crayfish or crabs
Insufficiently thermally processed cow meat
Insufficiently thermally processed meat of a pig
13. The student from Yemen has edema and pain in the right foot.
Whitish elongated structure resembling varicose vein and a bub-
ble with diameter of 1 cm on its end are visible under skin. For-
mulate the diagnosis:
onchocercosis
taeniasis with T. saginata or T. solium
+ dracunculosis
paragonimiasis
wuchereriasis
14. Name the most probable way of infection with fascioliasis:
+ through unboiled water from stagnant reservoirs, dirty vegetables
through crude liver of a pig
through insufficiently fried or boiled thoroughly meat of a pig
through crude liver of a cow
through crude or insufficiently processed fish
15. There are three children of younger school age in the family.
One of them is sick with hymenolepiasis. For disease prevention
among other family members, it is necessary to investigate:
phlegm
urine
blood
duodenal contents
+ feces
16. During puncture of a liver cyst (a tumor with liquid), small
whitish masses in the form of sand grains are revealed in trans-
parent yellowish liquid. What helminthosis can be expected?

+ Echinococcosis
Fascioliasis
Schistosomiasis
Hymenolepiasis
Cysticercosis
17. In stool of the patient with disorder of digestion, large oval
yellowish eggs with dark brown rough envelope were revealed;
dark mass is located in the middle part of these eggs, free spaces
in the shape of a moon are present on the poles. What is the di-
agnosis?
+ Ascariasis
Taeniasis
Fascioliasis
Trichinosis
Trichocephaliasis
18. The patient has headache, muscle pain during his movement,
swallowing, chewing and rotation of eyes; he has weakness, tem-
perature, edema of eyelid and face. Eggs are absent in stool and
perianal area. What is probable helminthosis?
Cysticercosis
+ Trichinosis
Ancylostomiasis
Echinococcosis
Trichocephaliasis
19. During microscopy of excrements, small (30 microns) yellow-
ish oval eggs with thin envelope are revealed. A lid with noticea-
ble projections of an envelope is present on one pole. What is a
species of a parasite?
Whipworm
Liver fluke
Broad tapeworm
+ Cat liver fluke
Ascarid
20. The student from Africa complains of pain in the bottom of an
abdomen and during urination, blood in urine. Erythrocytes and
large (about 120 microns) oval eggs with a spine on one pole are
revealed in the sediment of urine. Name the causative agent:
Opisthorchis felineus
+ Schistosoma haematobium
Trichocephalus trichiurus
Onchocerca volvulus
Paragonimus ringeri
21. Long white tape of helminth, which proglottids have width
larger than length and have dark rosette-like mass in their cen-
ter, was revealed in stool of the patient. How the disease is
called?
Onchocercosis
+ Diphyllobothriasis
Paragonimiasis
Taeniarhynchosis
Trichocephaliasis
22. Roundish colourless masses with double yellowish envelope
and three pairs of hooks in the middle part were incidentally re-
vealed in stool of the patient. Threadlike structures are absent.
Make the diagnosis:
+ taeniasis with T. saginata or T. solium
hymenolepiasis
taeniasis
taeniarhynchosis
dicroceliasis
23. Accidents of opisthorchiasis were revealed in the settlement
located on the bank of Dnieper River. For the purpose of preven-
tion, the sanitary station is obliged to warn inhabitants that they
need:
to boil meat well
+ to boil and fry thoroughly fish
to boil drinking water
to pour boiling water over vegetables and fruit
not to catch crayfish
24. A 26-year old female consulted a doctor about having stool
with white flat moving organisms resembling noodles. Laboratory
analysis revealed proglottids with the following characteristics:
long, narrow, with a longitudinal canal of the uterus with 17–35
lateral branches on each side. What kind of intestinal parasite
was found?
Hymenolepis nana
Taenia solium
+ Taeniarhynchus saginatus
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus granulosus
25. The dog tapeworm was revealed during autopsy of laboratory
rabbits. For this parasite, rabbit, as well as human, is:

additional host
+ intermediate host
vector
final host
reservoir host
26. The sick child periodically has abdominalgia, liquid stool, and
nausea. Once the cylindrical white worm of 15 cm was excreted
during vomiting. What laboratory investigation should be per-
formed?
Identification of proglottids in stool and determining number of lateral
branches of uterus
Detection of larvae of helminth in muscles by biopsy
Analysis of perianal zone for the presence of eggs of helminths by method
of scraping or by means of an adhesive tape
Analysis of feces and duodenal contents for the presence of eggs
+ Analysis of feces for the presence of eggs
27. 40-year-old woman has symptoms of mechanical jaundice. As
it became clear, she is sick with fascioliasis. By what way the
woman caught the disease?
Through contaminated hands after stroking a stray dog
Through contaminated hands after stroking a homeless cat
She ate insufficiently fried pig liver
+ She ate dirty strawberry
She ate beef liver paste
28. Larvae of helminths were revealed in the student from Africa
during microscopy of blood smears stained according to Ro-
manowsky. What helminthosis one can talk about?
Hookworm disease
Dicroceliasis
+ Filariasis
Strongyloidosis
Infection with Taenia solium or T. saginata
29. By using of meat of what animal human catches trichinosis?
Crawfish and crab
Cow
+ Pig
Chicken
Fish
30. In the case of what disease the patient will be dangerous to
people around him?
Fascioliasis
+ Hymenolepiasis
Echinococcosis
Diphyllobothriasis
Taeniarhynchosis
31. White helminths of 5–10 mm were revealed in stool; at the
anterior end, they have expansion of gullet that resembles a bub-
ble. Eggs are not found in stool, but are found in scraping from
perianal folds; they are colourless, asymmetrical, and oval. What
is the diagnosis?
Hookworm disease
+ Enterobiasis
Taeniasis
Trichinosis
Trichocephaliasis
32. A patient came to a stomatological department complaining of
pain in the chewing muscles. It was known from anamnesis that
he was fond of hunting and often ate meat of wild animals. The
encysted larva of what parasite was found in the result of muscle
biopsy of the patient?
Ancylostoma duodenale
Taenia solium
Dracunculus medinensis
+ Trichinella spiralis
Wuchereria bancrofti
33. The patient with complaints to periodically developing diar-
rhea, loss of weight, pain in abdomen consulted a doctor. Earlier
he had an itch of skin of feet. Then cough and fever appeared. A
month ago, the patient was on a business trip in China. During
investigation of stool, oval transparent eggs with thin envelope
and the size of 55×30 micron and with larva were found. What
helminthosis can be present?
Strongyloidosis
Trichocephaliasis
+ Hookworm disease
Ascariasis
Diphyllobothriasis
34. During sanitation inspection of carcasses on meat-processing
plant, fascioliasis was revealed. What was taken for the analysis?
+ Liver
Lungs
Brain
Muscles
Heart
35. The student from Yemen has abdominalgia, temperature, and
early he had itch, weakness and headache. At home, she bathed
and washed in a pond. The most probable disease is:
+ schistosomiasis
ascariasis
taeniasis
enterobiasis
paragonimiasis
36. A helminth 2 m long was found in the feces of a patient after
drug treatment. The helminth's body consisted of segments, has
a little head with hooks and four suckers. Which helminth did the
patient have?
+ Taenia solium
Taenia saginata
Hymenolepis nana
37. 42-year-old patient after business trip to India complains of
cough with abundant sputum, with blood impurity, breast pain, a
dyspnea, and weakness. What helminthosis should be expected
first?
Cysticercosis
Loiasis
Echinococcosis
+ Paragonimiasis
Wuchereriasis
38. A child complains of general weakness, loss of appetite, a
troubled sleep, itching in the perianal area. The provisional diag-
nosis is enterobiasis. In order to specify this diagnosis it is neces-
sary to perform:
duodenal contents analysis
roentgenoscopy
immune diagnostics
biopsy of muscle tissue
+ scraping from perianal folds
39. 26 year-old female patient complains of weakness, nausea,
abdominal distension, and diarrhea. Sometimes she saw whitish
rectangular masses 0.3×1.5 cm in stool and on bed linen. Make a
provisional diagnosis:
hymenolepiasis
+ taeniarhynchosis
fascioliasis
taeniasis
enterobiasis
40. White segmented helminths 1 cm long are revealed in excre-
ments after dehelmintization. Four suckers and rostellum with
hooks in two rows are noticeable on a head. Determine a disease:
+ hymenolepiasis
taeniasis
dicroceliasis
taeniarhynchosis
echinococcosis
41. The patient with complaints to general weakness, headache,
nausea, vomiting, and liquid stool with impurity of mucus and
blood, consulted a doctor. During microscopy of duodenal con-
tents and fresh stool, mobile larvae were revealed. What is the
most probable diagnosis?
+ Strongyloidosis
Dracunculosis
Paragonimiasis
Hookworm disease
Trichocephaliasis
42. After expulsion of helminth from intestines, the ovary with
two lobes is found in its hermaphroditic proglottid. It is morpho-
logical feature of:
Hymenolepis nana
+ Taeniarhynchus saginatus
Schistosoma haematobium
Taenia solium
43. Cysticercosis is revealed in the patient of the ophthalmologic
office. Infection occurred with:
larvae of Ascaris lumbricoides
larvae of Taenia solium
eggs of Enterobius vermicularis
+ eggs of Taenia solium
larvae of Hymenolepis nana
44. White helminth of 4 cm, with thick posterior end, is revealed
in the vermiform appendage. Eggs are found in excrements, they
have lemon-shaped form with plugs on poles with the size 50×30
micron. Make the diagnosis:
+ trichocephaliasis
ascariasis
taeniasis with T. saginata or T. solium
opisthorchiasis
strongyloidosis
45. During veterinary examination of pork, fluid-filled cysts re-
sembling rice grain were found. Such meat is not subject to sale
as it is infected with larvae of:
+ Taenia solium
Echinococcus multilocularis
Taeniarhynchus saginatus
46. The patient has weakness, decrease in working capacity,
headache, nausea, salivation, and stomach pain. Anemia is re-
vealed in blood; gray wide oval operculated eggs of 80 microns
are revealed in feces. What is the disease?
Fascioliasis
Dicroceliasis
Taeniarhynchosis
Trichocephaliasis
47. The patient complains of weakness, vertigo, disorder of diges-
tion, vomiting, and epileptic attacks. Before this, he used the pork
bought from individuals. What helminthosis is characterized by
these symptoms?
Trichinosis
+ Cysticercosis
Malayan filariasis
Taeniasis
Taeniarhynchosis
48. The pale patient has weakness, headache, vertigo, feeling of
weight in stomach, and anemia. Sometimes he saw red worms of
1 cm in size in stool. Earlier he had itch of feet and urticaria.
What is possible diagnosis?
Cysticercosis
Hymenolepiasis
Intestinal schistosomiasis
Wuchereriasis
+ Ancylostomiasis
49. Roundish eggs of 50 microns with colourless oncospheres and
threadlike structures are revealed in 12-year-old boy with com-
plaints to abdominalgia, disorder of digestion, uneasy dream, and
nausea. What is diagnosis?
Ascariasis
+ Hymenolepiasis
Taeniasis or taeniarhynchosis
Fascioliasis
Echinococcosis
50. For prevention of what helminthosis it is necessary to follow
rules of personal hygiene?
Fascioliasis
Diphyllobothriasis
Taeniarhynchosis
Opisthorchiasis
+ Echinococcosis
51. The patient from Eastern Siberia with the complaint to pain in
his liver got to hospital. Eggs of about 30 microns, which resem-
ble seeds of cucumbers in their shape, are found in feces. What
diagnosis can be made to the patient?
Dicroceliasis
Taeniarhynchosis
Hymenolepiasis
+ Opisthorchiasis
Paragonimiasis
52. A family has a big dog. What helminthosis one can catch from
it?
+ Echinococcosis
Paragonimiasis
Dracunculosis
Opisthorchiasis
Hymenolepiasis
53. Larvae of what cestode can parasitize in human muscles?
Beef tapeworm
Trichinella
Dwarf tapeworm
+ Pork tapeworm
Threadworm
54. Choose the correct life cycle for Opisthorchis felineus:
egg oncosphere fluid-filled cyst (cysticercus)

egg larva adult organism
egg rhabditiform larva filariform larva adult organism
egg rhabditiform larva strongyloid larva filariform larva adult organ-
ism
+ egg miracidium sporocyst redia cercaria metacercaria
55. The patient with complaints to pain and edema of the right
foot is hospitalized to hospital. Threadlike thickening with a bub-
ble on its end is visible under skin. The patient traveled in Yemen
last year where he sometimes drank water without boiling. What
disease can be suspected?
Schistosomiasis
+ Dracunculosis
Trichinosis
Paragonimiasis
Hymenolepiasis
56. A worker of a live-stock farm was made a provisional diagno-
sis of echinococcosis. The diagnosis was confirmed during a sur-
gery. From what animal could the patient get the disease?
A sheep
A pig
+ A dog
A rabbit
A caw
57. It is established that the tapeworm 3 m long that has up to 12
lateral branches of uterus in mature proglottid parasitizes in hu-
man intestines. What disease is caused by larva of this helminth
during autoinvasion?
Echinococcosis
+ Cysticercosis
Diphyllobothriasis
Taeniarhynchosis
Taeniasis
58. During operation, small bubbles, that have insignificant
amount of liquid and closely adjoin one to another, are found in a
liver of the patient. What helminthosis has revealed in the pa-
tient?
Fascioliasis
+ Alveococcosis
Opisthorchiasis
Echinococcosis
Dicroceliasis
59. During investigation of excrements of the patient on existence
of eggs of helminths, Fasciola eggs are revealed. Whether the
available information is enough for the doctor to make the diag-
nosis "fascioliasis"?
It is necessary to take blood for analysis
To assign repeated research of excrements in 8 hours
+ To assign repeated research of excrements in 5 7 days, having excluded a
liver from a diet
It is necessary to take duodenal contents
To assign repeated research of excrements in 5 7 days, having excluded
vegetables from a diet
60. The patient was treated for anemia. The course of treatment
led to relief, but not to recovery. Fragments of the body of broad
tapeworm were found in stool. What stage of development was
invasive?
+ Plerocercoid
Egg
Stage of segmented body
Coracidium
Procercoid
61. Schistosomes belong to the most widespread tropical hel-
minths. Despite sanitary and epidemic measures, in the countries
of Africa, Asia and South America number of patients with schis-
tosomiasis strongly increased for the last decade. What reasons
facilitate this?
+ Land reclamation
Pollution of reservoirs
Resistance of schistosomes to drugs
Illiteracy of the human population
The use of fish in food
62. During microscopy of excrements of the patient who came
back to Ukraine from Eastern Siberia, the small yellowish eggs
reminding cucumber seeds were revealed. The doctor made the
diagnosis: opisthorchiasis. In what way infection has occurred?
When eating meat of wild mammals
By drink of not boiled water
When eating sea fish
When eating fresh-water crayfish and crabs
+ When eating fresh-water fishes
63. Breast pain and blood spitting appeared in the sheep breeder
who shepherded sheep under escort of dogs. Roundish mass was

revealed radiologically in lungs. Immunological reactions con-
firmed provisional diagnosis. Infection of what of the listed hel-
minths these symptoms correspond to?
Liver fluke
Broad tapeworm
Dwarf tapeworm
+ Dog tapeworm
Lung fluke
64. For prevention of what helminthosis it is necessary to follow
rules of personal hygiene?
Trichinosis
Taeniarhynchosis
+ Alveococcosis
Opisthorchiasis
Diphyllobothriasis
65. Radiological examination of the patient who has icteric sclerae
and skin, pains in liver revealed bubble with the daughter bubbles
containing scolices. What helminth can parasitize in the organ-
ism?
Trichinella
Pork tapeworm
Dwarf tapeworm
+ Dog tapeworm
Broad tapeworm
66. The patient consulted a doctor with complaints to presence in
stool of structures reminding noodles. In laboratory, they were
identified as mature proglottids of the armed tapeworm. What di-
agnostic sign was used?
Number of vitelline glands
Localization of cirrus
+ Number of branches of uterus
Number of testes
Number of lobes of ovaries
67. A female patient consulted a physician about digestive disor-
der and extended abdominal pain. Examination revealed drastic
decrease in hemoglobin concentration. It is known from the an-
amnesis that while living in the Far East the patient used to eat
freshly salted caviar. Some relatives living with her had the simi-
lar condition. What is the most likely diagnosis? 1

Ascariasis
Trichiniasis
Echinococcosis
Teniasis
68. In a family, the father got sick with trichinosis. What preven-
tive measures need to be held to avoid infection of other family
members?
Sanitary cleaning of the room
Treatment of the patient
Isolation of the patient
+ No any measures
Protective immunization
69. Female of a roundworm has size up to 1 cm, a male is of 0.5
cm. They live in the lower parts of a small intestine. Eggs are col-
ourless and have an asymmetric form. Where eggs of these hel-
minths mature?
In water
+ On skin of man
On soil
In intestines of man
In the intermediate host
70. Owing to non-observance of rules of personal hygiene, some
invasive eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides got to the person with food.
Careful feces analysis for the presence of eggs of helminths, that
was performed in three months and half a year, certified lack of
mature parasites in intestines of this person. It happened be-
cause:
mature parasites start lay invasive eggs not earlier than in a year after in-
vasion
+ parasites could not break protective barriers of a human body and pass de-
velopment stages, that are necessary for achievement of sexual maturity
eggs of parasites should be determined on perianal folds
this parasite is not invasive for man
parasite lives not more long than 1 month therefore eggs in excrements are
1
In the book Collec ion of asks , this question is written as follows: A woman came to a
doctor complaining of general weakness, epigastric pain, indigestion. After the examination of
the patient anemia connected with vitamin B12 deficiency was found. It was known from anam-
nesis that living in the Far East she used to eat caviar. Laboratory analysis showed that the
feces contained eggs of helminth which were oval-shaped, yellow, and had an operculum on
one of the poles. What disease did the patient have?
absent
71. The treatment of a patient with pneumonia didn't relieve his
condition. He began complaining of stomachache, vomiting, indi-
gestion, worsening of his general state. The analysis of the feces
revealed oval-shaped helminth's eggs covered with a thick tuber-
culate envelope. What diagnosis can be made basing on the
above mentioned data?
Fascioliasis
Trichuriasis
Diphyllobothriasis
Enterobiasis
+ Ascariasis
72. During blood test of the patient with parasitic disease (helmin-
thic invasion), in blood we can find increase of:
+ eosinophils
basophils
platelets
monocytes
lymphocytes
73. The child addressed to policlinic with complaints to general
weakness, headache, cough with excretion of phlegm, sometimes
with blood streaks. During examination, helminth larvae were re-
vealed in sputum. For what parasitic invasion it is characteristic?
Dracunculosis
Taeniasis
Trichocephaliasis
Enterobiasis
+ Ascariasis
74. In the region where episode of trichinosis is registered, it is
necessary to reveal all persons infected with trichinosis. What
method of diagnostics needs to be applied?
+ Immunological reactions
Analysis of saliva
Feces analyses
Radiology
Biopsy of muscles
75. Two children with pinworms were revealed in kindergarten.
What preventive measure needs to be held to avoid infection of
other children?
To boil meat and fish well
Nothing is necessary
To wash fruit and vegetables well

+ To carry out disinfection of toys
To perform vaccinations
76. Name what helminthoses of the listed below can be the cause
of chronic appendicitis:
+ ascariasis, enterobiasis, trichocephaliasis
trichinosis, ancylostomiasis, paragonimiasis
wuchereriasis, trichinosis, ancylostomiasis
Malayan filariasis, loiasis, opisthorchiasis
taeniasis, trichocephaliasis, fascioliasis
77. At the same time man can be the obligate final host and the
facultative intermediate host of such helminth from the phylum
Flat worms:
broad tapeworm
dog tapeworm
+ pork tapeworm (armed tapeworm)
beef tapeworm (unarmed tapeworm)
78. Papillomatous outgrowths, trophic ulcers, elephantiasis of the
lower extremities, edemata of genitals, faces, and hands are ob-
served on skin of the sick person. What disease can be suspect-
ed?
Ascariasis
Ancylostomiasis
Trichinosis
Paragonimiasis
+ Wuchereriasis
79. Wife of fisherman consulted the pediatrician about her child
who has attacks, spasms, sometimes with loss of consciousness.
During laboratory investigation, oval grayish eggs, with a lid on
one pole and a small knob on the other, were found in excre-
ments of the child. What helminth can serve as the causative
agent of this disease of the child?
Cat liver fluke
+ Broad tapeworm
Liver fluke
Whipworm
Lancet fluke
80. A sick child had recurrent diarrhea, epigastric pain, nausea,
vomiting. Once after the child's vomiting his mother found a spin-
dle-shaped helminth 20 cm long. Which disease could cause such
a condition?
Trichuriasis
+ Ascariasis
Ancylostomiasis
Dracunculiasis
Trichinosis
81. A patient with the preliminary diagnosis of trichinosis was ad-
mitted to a hospital. Consuming of what food could cause that
disease?
+ Pork
Beef
Fish
Crayfish
Crab
82. Five clinical forms of cysticercosis are distinguished: epileptic,
pseudo tumor, hypertension with hydrocephaly, pseudo-paralytic,
and disturbance of cerebral blood flow. The reason of any form of
cysticercosis is that human is:
obligate final host of armed tapeworm
+ facultative intermediate host of armed tapeworm
obligate final host of unarmed tapeworm
facultative intermediate host of unarmed tapeworm
final host of liver fluke
83. Larvae of what nematodes migrate through human blood-
stream during their development cycle?
+ Hookworm, Trichinella, ascarid
Whipworm, threadworm, filariae
Ascarid, pinworm, assassin worm
Pinworm, American hookworm, ascarid
Whipworm, hookworm, threadworm
84. Fragments of a helminth were found in the feces of a patient
after drug treatment. These fragments had a tape-like segmented
structure. The width of the segments exceeded their length. In
the centre of the segment there was a rosette-shaped uterus.
Which helminth did the patient have?
+ Diphyllobothrium latum
Taenia solium
Taenia saginata
Alveococcus multilocularis
Hymenolepis nana
85. In the spring of 1999 after the use in food of pork without of
appropriate veterinary and sanitary examination, edemata of eye-

lids and face, headache and muscular ache, high temperature,
general weakness, and intestinal frustration started developing in
inhabitants of some regions of the Dnepropetrovsk region of
Ukraine. The doctor investigated slices of gastrocnemius muscles
of patients and found larvae covered with capsules. What diagno-
sis was made by the doctor to patients?
Trichocephaliasis
Hookworm disease
Opisthorchiasis
Echinococcosis
+ Trichinosis
86. Adult filariae parasitize in various human organs. Larvae (mi-
crofilariae) circulate in blood, but their activity is not identical
during a day. Larvae of some species of filariae appear in periph-
eral blood at night, and of other species appear in the afternoon;
this is manifestation of:
abilities to penetrate into the blood-sucking mouthparts of the intermediate
host only after becoming the invasive stage
adaptation of a parasite to a daily rhythm of activity of human
dependences of development of microfilariae in the intermediate host from
temperature conditions
+ adaptation of a parasite to activity of insects that serve as vectors
need to get into a body of the final host where the larva moults twice
87. What helminth is a hematophagous organism?
Ascarid
Pinworm
+ Assassin worm
Dragon worm
Trichinella
88. A patient has severe indigestion. Ripe and immovable seg-
ments of a tapeworm are found in his feces; the uterus of each of
them has 7–12 lateral branches. Which helminth does the patient
have?
Taenia saginata
Hymenolepis nana
+ Taenia solium
89. Microscopy revealed yellow-brown knobby-coated eggs of
helminths with a thick wall in the feces of a schoolboy. Which
helminth did the eggs belong to?

Enterobius vermicularis
+ Ascaris lumbricoides
Hymenolepis nana
90. Proglottids of a tapeworm with rosette-like uterus were re-
vealed in feces of the patient with disorders of digestion and ma-
lignant anemia. What the disease can be present?
Hymenolepiasis
Taeniasis
Echinococcosis
Taeniarhynchosis
91. The miner of 48 years complains of weakness, headache, ver-
tigo, and feeling of weight in a stomach. Earlier he had a strong
itch of feet skin and the urticaria. During research, the anemia
was revealed. In his excrements, the patient sometimes saw little
mobile red worms about 1 cm long. What most probable disease
the doctor can suspect?
Trichocephaliasis
Ascariasis
Trichinosis
+ Ancylostomiasis
Dracunculosis
92. Choose the correct life cycle for Taenia solium:
+ egg oncosphere fluid-filled cyst (cysticercus)
egg miracidium sporocyst redia cercaria metacercaria
egg larva adult organism
egg rhabditiform larva filariform larva adult organism
egg rhabditiform larva strongyloid larva filariform larva adult organ-
ism
93. The patient is hospitalized in hospital with complaints to pains
in intestines, diarrheas, vertigo, loss of appetite, dyspnea, and
periodic fever. As a result of laboratory investigations, oval eggs
with big lateral spine were found in excrements of the patient.
What species of helminth could cause a similar clinical picture?
Paragonimus ringeri
Schistosoma haematobium
+ Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma japonicum
Clonorchis sinensis
94. The patient with complaints to cutaneous itch, urticaria, and
increased temperature got to infectious diseases hospital. During
examination, infiltrates in lungs, bronchitis, and eosinophilic leu-
kocytosis in blood, which reached 50%, were revealed in the pa-
tient; larvae of 0.2–0.5 mm in size were found in excrements.
About what helminthosis we can talk?
Ascariasis
Enterobiasis
+ Strongyloidosis
Ancylostomiasis
Paragonimiasis
95. The patient was in long business trip in Sudan. In a month
upon return, he consulted the ophthalmologist with complaints to
pains in eyes, edemata of eyelids, lachrymation, and temporary
weakening of sight. Helminths with transparent threadlike body
and 50–70 mm in size were found under the eye's conjunctiva.
What diagnosis the doctor can make?
Malayan filariasis
Onchocercosis
Trichocephaliasis
+ Loiasis
Wuchereriasis
96. The patient with complaints to pain in liver and nausea con-
sulted a doctor. Oval eggs of 130–145 microns, with the thin,
smooth and well expressed envelope were revealed in his excre-
ments. Color of eggs is yellowish. An internal content is granular
and uniform. The lid is visible on one pole. What helminth pos-
sesses these eggs?
Lancet fluke
+ Liver fluke
Cat liver fluke
Dog tapeworm
Broad tapeworm
97. The patient for three weeks has frequent diarrheas, which
quite often alternate with constipations. The doctor suspected
strongyloidosis. What material needs to be directed for laboratory
investigation for finding of the causative agent and confirmation
of the diagnosis?
+ Phlegm, duodenal contents, excrements
Excrements, urine
Scraping from perianal folds

Phlegm, blood
Blood, excrements, urine
98. How the person catches echinococcosis?
When processing carcasses of wild animals
+ By contact with dogs
By using wild berries
By using liver that is invaded by Echinococcus
By using insufficiently thermally processed beef
99. What of the listed helminthoses are contagious for human?
Hymenolepiasis, opisthorchiasis
Taeniasis, hymenolepiasis
Echinococcosis, enterobiasis
Ascariasis, enterobiasis
+ Hymenolepiasis, enterobiasis
100. A 10-year-old child complains of weakness, nausea, irritabil-
ity. Helminths of white color and 5–10 mm long were found on
the underwear. On microscopy of the scrape from the perianal
folds achromic ova of the unsymmetrical form were revealed. In-
dicate what helminth is parasitising on the child?
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichina
+ Enterobius vermicularis
Trichuris
101. Echinococcosis belongs to the most dangerous helminthoses
of the person that demands surgical intervention. What method is
used for laboratory diagnosis of this disease?
Radiological
+ Immunological
Analysis of feces on the presence of larvae of helminths
Biological tests
102. A child doesn't sleep well; sometimes he scratches the area
around the anus. After the examination of the child's nightwear
white filiform helminths 1 cm long were found. During the micro-
scopic examination of a specimen from perianal folds of the child
small ovoid asymmetrical colourless eggs were observed. What is
the helminth, which parasitizes in the child's organism, called?
Trichinella spiralis
Strongyloides stercoralis
103. During the examination, a patient was diagnosed with opis-
thorchiasis. With what food could the patient get the agent of
opisthorchiasis?
Cysticercosis beef
Dirty vegetables
Cysticercosis pork
Dirty fruit
+ Undercooked fish
104. Father bought some pork at the market. What disease may
the members of his family catch supposed this meat didn't pass
the veterinary control?
+ Teniosis
Beef tapeworm infection
Hymenolepiasis
Echinococcosis
Liver fluke infection
105. During microscopy of scraping from perianal folds, the col-
ourless eggs having the shape of asymmetrical ovals and the size
of 50×23 micron, were revealed at the child. What helminth pos-
sesses these eggs?
Ascarid (Ascaris lumbricoides)
Hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale)
Whipworm (Trichuris)
+ Pinworm (Enterobius)
Dwarf tapeworm (Hymenolepis nana)
106. A patient consulted an urologist about pain during urination.
Analysis of his urine taken in the daytime revealed eggs with a
characteristic sharp point. It is known from the anamnesis that
the patient has recently returned from Australia. Some relatives
living with her had the similar condition. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
+ Urogenital schistosomiasis
Opisthorchiasis
Dicroceliasis
Japanese schistosomiasis
107. During the operation, white helminths 40 mm long with a
thin filiform anterior part of the body were found in the appendix.
After the preliminarily examination of the patient's feces oval-

shaped eggs with two prominent plugs on the poles were found.
What helminth was found during the operation?
+ Trichocephalus trichiurus
Strongyloides stercoralis
108. It is well known that some of the helminths at the larval
stage parasitize in the muscles of fish. What helminthiasis may a
person get if he eats raw fish?
Ascariasis
Taeniasis
Enterobiasis
Trichinosis
109. During dehelmintization of the patient, helminth up to 2 m
long was excreted with feces. Its body consists of proglottids, has
a small head with hooks and four suckers. What helminth parasi-
tized in the person?
Dwarf tapeworm
Unarmed tapeworm
Dog tapeworm
Broad tapeworm
+ Armed tapeworm
110. After the dissection of a woman's dead body larvae of hel-
minths – cysticerci1 were found in the tissue of the brain. Which
helminth did the larvae belong to?
Taenia saginata
Hymenolepis nana
+ Taenia solium
111. The patient with complaints to headache and convulsive at-
tacks got to therapeutic office. During examination of the patient,
the increased intracranial pressure and pains when pressing eye-
lids were revealed. From the anamnesis, it is known that the pa-
tient often uses the pork bought in the market. About what hel-
minthosis we can talk?
1
In the book Collec ion of asks "cysticercus were found" (this is a mistake).
Taeniarhynchosis
Diphyllobothriasis
+ Cysticercosis
Trichinosis
Hymenolepiasis
112. This nematode is characterized by direct development with-
out migration. Eggs need in 25–30 days for maturing in the soil.
The use of vegetables, berries or drinking water contaminated by
mature eggs can lead to infection of the person. What is a species
of helminth?
+ Whipworm
Ascarid
Pinworm
Dog tapeworm
Broad tapeworm
113. A mother of a 5-year-old girl found filiform helminths 0.5–1
cm long with sharp tips on the child's nightwear. She brought
them to a laboratory. Which disease did these parasites cause?
Ascariasis
Diphyllobothriasis
Taeniasis
+ Enterobiasis
Opisthorchiasis
114. 18 patients in a serious condition (high temperature, edema-
ta of the face and neck, muscle pain) at the same time got to re-
gional hospital. Two persons soon died. Poll of patients revealed
that all of them are residents of one village, and they were on a
family holiday of the fellow villager a week ago. What parasitic
disease can be suspected?
Ascariasis
Toxoplasmosis
Trichocephaliasis
Strongyloidosis
+ Trichinosis
115. During the examination of a man who has recently come
back from Africa, intestinal schistosomiasis is diagnosed. How
could the pathogenic organism penetrate into the organism of the
patient?
While eating meat
While eating fish
+ During river swimming
Through dirty hands

Through mosquitoes' bites
116. A patient came to a doctor complaining of allergy and epigas-
tric pain. Oval-shaped, yellow eggs measuring 135×80 microme-
ters with an operculum on one of the poles were found in the fe-
ces during the stool examinations. What disease did the patient
have?
+ Fascioliasis
Taeniasis
Opisthorchiasis
Diphyllobothriasis
Echinococcosis
117. Larvae of roundworms (Nematoda) have been found in the
sputum of a patient with the provisional diagnosis of pneumonia.
What species of the roundworm is this?
Fasciola hepatica
Paragonimus ringeri
Taenia solium
118. Two days after consumption of smoked pork a patient got
face and eyelid edemata, gastrointestinal disturbances, abrupt
temperature rise, muscle pain. Blood analysis showed full-blown
eosinophilia. What helminth could the patient is infected with?
Ascarid
Whipworm
+ Trichina
Pinworm
Hookworm
119. In some days after the use of smoked pork, the patient had
edemata of the face and eyelids, gastrointestinal frustration,
sharp temperature increase, and muscular pain. Sharply ex-
pressed eosinophilia was found in blood test. What helminth the
person could catch through pork?
+ Trichinella
Pinworm
Ascarid
Whipworm
Hookworm
120. A patient complains of pain in the area of his liver. Duodenal
intubation revealed yellowish, oval, narrowed at the poles eggs
with an operculum at the end. Size of these eggs is smallest

among all helminth eggs. What is the most probable diagnosis?
+ Opisthorchiasis
Diphyllobothriasis
Teniasis
Beef tapeworm infection
Echinococcosis
121. A 35-year-old man was taken to a hospital. He failed to see
with one of his eyes. It was known from anamnesis that he used
to eat pork. After the radiologic examination and serologic find-
ings, he was diagnosed with cysticercosis. What helminth is an
agent of cysticercosis?
Taenia saginata
+ Taenia solium
122. A patient came to a doctor complaining of general weakness
and indigestion. He brought segments of a tapeworm found on his
bedclothes. Which of the helminths did the patient have?
Hymenolepis nana
Taenia solium
+ Taenia saginata
123. During regular examination of schoolchildren, it was revealed
that 10-year-old girl had asymmetric oval eggs with a larva in the
scrape from her perianal folds. What diagnosis should be made?
Ascariasis
Trichocephalosis
+ Enterobiosis
Amebiasis
Ankylostomiasis
124. A hunter drank raw water from a pond. Which of helminthia-
sis may the man get?
Opisthorchiasis
+ Fascioliasis
Paragonimiasis
Clonorchiasis
Taeniasis
125. A group of men applied to the doctor complaining of rising
temperature, headache, swelling of face and eyelids, myalgia.

From the history, it became known that they all were hunters and
they often ate meat of wild animals. What is the most likely diag-
nosis?
+ Trichinosis
Teniasis
Filariasis
Taeniarhynchosis
Cysticercosis
126. It is known that larvae of some helminths, which are causa-
tive agents of transmissible helminthoses, can be revealed in the
patient's blood only in a certain time of day. What microfilariae of
helminth were found in the fresh blood smears taken from the
patient at night?
Blinding filaria
Eye worm
Dragon worm
+ Bancroft's filaria
Trichinella
127. The guide of the scientific expedition in India was native who
always was with his dog. What invasive disease can be transmit-
ted to the participants of the expedition because of contacts with
this dog if it is the source of invasion?
Dicroceliasis
Teniasis
+ Echinococcosis
Fascioliasis
Paragonimiasis
128. Eggs of what helminth need soil for development?
129. The patient who arrived from Africa had blood in urine. Dur-
ing microscopy of sediment of urine, oval eggs of yellow color
with a spine on one of the poles were found. What helminth they
belong to?
Opisthorchis
Clonorchis
Paragonimus
+ Schistosoma
Fasciola
130. Some residents of one village who has identical symptoms:
edemata of eyelids and face, severe muscular pain, high tem-
perature, and headache, consulted a doctor. All sick residents
were guests at a wedding where dishes were prepared from pork
three weeks ago. The doctor suspected trichinosis. What method
will help to confirm the diagnosis?
Blood test
Analysis of urine
Analysis of a phlegm
+ Immunological
131. Why drugs dissolving proglottids or causing vomiting as well
as manipulations, which can cause reversed peristalsis (introduc-
tion of a probe), are not be allowed to prescribe for patients with
taeniasis?
The listed factors accelerate development of sexually mature form of hel-
minth
These factors serve as the reason for autoreinfection
Such actions of the doctor lead to sensitization of an organism of the pa-
tient
+ The listed factors help eggs to get to acid environment, lead to dissolving of
their envelopes and release of a germ (oncosphere)
Such actions of the doctor help to delay of helminth in intestines
132. What invasive stage of Echinococcus granulosus?
Larva
Vegetative form
Encapsulated metacercaria
+ Egg
Cercaria
133. The group of miners with complaints to weight loss, head-
ache, apathy, darkening in eyes, anemia, disorder of digestion,
itch of skin, and dermatitis, consulted a doctor. Oval eggs with
thin transparent envelope of 55–75 microns × 34–40 microns in
size were revealed in excrements of patients. With what helminth
miners could be infected?
Ascarid
+ Assassin worm
Pinworm
Trichinella
Whipworm
134. Name a parasite, development of fluid-filled cysts of which in
a human body can lead to strong headache, hearing disorder,
vestibular frustration, paresis, and sight loss:
dwarf tapeworm
+ armed tapeworm
unarmed tapeworm
rat tapeworm
135. A 35-year-old man came to a doctor complaining of epigas-
tric pain. As it appeared, the patient was fond of fishing and often
ate raw fish. Eggs of helminths were found in the patient's feces.
The eggs were dark and oval-shaped with an operculum on one of
the poles, 30×15 micrometers in size. Which helminthiasis did the
patient have?
+ Opisthorchiasis
Paragonimiasis
Fascioliasis
Schistosomiasis
Ancylostomiasis
136. In life cycle of parasites, the unique phenomenon is the free-
living stage of development. For what helminth this phenomenon
is characteristic?
+ Strongyloides stercoralis
137. Cardinal difference of Echinococcus multilocularis from a dog
tapeworm is the shape of a uterus. What form uterus of Echino-
coccus multilocularis has?
+ Spherical
With diverticula
Rosette-like
With lateral branches
Tubular
138. The patient suffers over 10 years from edemata of the lower
extremities with their significant increase. During examination in
the hospital, sharp disturbance of lymph outflow was established.
What diagnosis was made?
Ancylostomiasis
Dracunculosis
Loiasis
+ Wuchereriasis
Onchocercosis
139. During dehelmintization, the big piece of the helminth with
segmented body was found in the patient. Length of a proglottid
exceeds its width. In the center of a proglottid, an ovary with
three segments is localized. What is a species of helminth?
+ Taenia solium
Schistosoma mansoni
Hymenolepis nana
Paragonimus
Fasciola hepatica
140. By contact with a dog, a man can catch echinococcosis. What
is decisive in diagnosis of echinococcosis in the person?
Roentgenoscopy
+ Immunological reactions
Biopsy
Blood test
141. A tourist who was staying in Eastern Asia had been hospital-
ized to a therapeutic department with suspected pneumonia. Dur-
ing the examination of the patient's sputum and feces, the eggs
of Paragonimus ringeri were found. With what food could the pa-
tient get the pathogenic organism?
+ Undercooked crabs
Unboiled water
Undercooked fish
Undercooked pork
Dirty fruit and vegetables
142. The patient with suspicion on a venereal disease, because he
had severe pains during urination and blood in urine, consulted
the doctor. From the anamnesis, it became clear that the patient
worked in India on rice fields. During investigation of urine after
centrifugation, eggs of helminths with a spine on a back pole
were revealed. What disease is diagnosed for the patient?
Fascioliasis
Paragonimiasis
+ Bilharziasis
Opisthorchiasis
Dicroceliasis
143. When opening a liver of the dead person, mass in the form of
roundish bubble with a smooth surface 5 cm in diameter was re-
vealed. A large number of small bubbles with transparent colour-
less content is localized in its cavity. Liver tissue around the bub-
ble is sclerotized. What diagnosis is most probable?
Opisthorchiasis
Alveococcosis
Cysticercosis
+ Hydatid echinococcosis
Schistosomiasis
144. Choose typical features of flat worms:
+ body cavity is absent, the space between organs is filled with parenchyma
the digestive system consists of three parts with an anus
the nervous system is presented by ganglia and nerve trunks
separate sexes; difference in an external structure between males and fe-
males exists
eggs of all helminths need water for development
145. Patients from one family were admitted to hospital. Clinical
symptoms of a disease are edemata of eyelids and face, fever,
eosinophilia, headache, and muscle pain. The disease began for
the 10th day after eating sausage and fat, which were sent by rel-
atives from Khmelnitsky region of Ukraine. What parasitic disease
is most probable?
Trichocephaliasis
Taeniasis
+ Trichinosis
Echinococcosis
Taeniarhynchosis
146. One of the tourists who came back from travel across South-
east Asia was hospitalized with suspicion on pneumonia because
of he had red-brown phlegm with blood impurity, fever and the
general serious condition. During stay abroad, the tourist often
ate crayfish and crabs. During research of phlegm and feces,
golden-brown eggs with the size of 90×60 microns were found.
What disease is present in the patient?
Echinococcosis
+ Paragonimiasis
Taeniasis
Fascioliasis
Hymenolepiasis
147. The patient has dermatitis, disorder of a digestive tract;
blood impurity is found in liquid excrements. Helminthosis was

suspected, but the negative result was received during the first
investigation of feces. Only after hospitalization of the patient
when investigations were performed in the conditions of a hospi-
tal (the analysis of fresh feces), rhabditiform larvae were found.
What diagnosis can be made?
Hookworm disease
Trichocephaliasis
Ascariasis
Diphyllobothriasis
+ Strongyloidosis
148. What intermediate host is present in the life cycle of Wu-
chereria bancrofti?
Rodent
Dog
+ Mosquito
Man
Fish
149. During necropsy, over 200 small helminths of 4–13 mm in
size, which have two suckers on the forward end of a body, and
two rosette-like testes on back part, were found in a liver. What
diagnosis will be made by the doctor?
Fascioliasis
Paragonimiasis
Clonorchiasis
+ Opisthorchiasis
Dicroceliasis
150. A man has worked in an African country for 3 years. A month
after his return to Ukraine he consulted an ophthalmologist and
complained about eye ache, eyelid edema, lacrimation, and tem-
porary visual impairment. Underneath the eye conjunctiva the
doctor revealed helminths 30–50 mm long with elongated filiform
body. What diagnosis might be suspected?
Enterobiasis
Trichocephaliasis
+ Filariasis
Diphyllobothriasis
Ascariasis
151. In the perianal folds of a 5-year-old girl, her mother found
some white "worms" that caused itch and anxiety in the child.
The "worms" were sent to the laboratory. During examination,
the physician revealed white filiform helminths 0.5–1 cm long,

with pointed ends, some helminths had twisted ends. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
Ascariasis
Opisthorchiasis
Diphyllobothriasis
Teniasis
+ Enterobiasis
152. A male patient has fever and enanthesis. As a result of the
examination involving serological tests he has been diagnosed
with Fasciola hepatica. It was found that the patient had been in-
fected through raw river water. Which stage of Fasciola life cycle
is invasive for humans?
+ Adolescaria
Cysticercus
Metacercaria
Miracidium
Ovum
153. 15-year-old girl was taken to the hospital with inflammation
of vermiform appendage. Blood test revealed signs of anemia.
Lemon-shaped helminthic eggs with size of 50×30 micron, that
have "plugs" on the poles, were revealed in excrements. What
species of helminth parasitizes in the patient?
Hookworm
1
+ Whipworm
Dog tapeworm
Pinworm
Dwarf tapeworm
154. A miner consulted a physician about the appearance of body
rash followed by loss of appetite, bloating, duodenal pain, fre-
quent bowel movements, and dizziness. Ovoscopic probes of fe-
ces and duodenal contents revealed some eggs covered with a
transparent membrane through which 4–8 germinal cells could be
seen. What disease is likely to have occurred in the patient?
Trichocephaliasis
Hymenolepiasis
Enterobiasis
Strongyloidiasis
+ Ancylostomiasis
1
Another possible answer is Trichuris.
155. The patient with complaints to disorders of digestion and

defecation, nausea, pains in epigastric region that resemble
stomach ulcer consulted a doctor. Based on laboratory diagnos-
tics, trichocephaliasis was established. The patient could catch
this disease by using:
dried fish
milk products
badly fried beef
+ dirty vegetables and fruit
badly fried pork
156. Fever, rash on skin, itch, and inflammation of lymph nodes
are observed in the person who visited Indochina several months
ago. What helminthosis can be expected?
+ Malayan filariasis
loiasis
onchocercosis
dirofilariasis
taeniarhynchosis
157. Life expectancy of pinworms is about a month only, but peo-
ple can be ill with enterobiasis for a long time. It occurs owing to:
uses of unboiled water
uses of dirty vegetables
swallowing of larvae with food
+ repeated swallowing of eggs from dirty hands
active penetration of parasites through skin
158. The patient with fever, joint pain, nausea, vomiting, diar-
rhea, and spleen enlargement got to hospital. The patient worked
in Egypt at irrigating fields. The doctor made the diagnosis schis-
tosomiasis. What is the intermediate host in a cycle of develop-
ment of schistosomes?
Fishes
+ Molluscs
Crayfish, crabs
Pigs
Ants
159. Disorders of digestion and nervous system, the affected skin,
allergic rash, and cough are observed in the patient. Larvae in
excrements are revealed in the laboratory. What disease can be
suspected in the patient?
Ascariasis
Taeniasis
Cysticercosis
+ Strongyloidosis
Hymenolepiasis
160. In one of Polessia1 regions, there was an outbreak of helmin-
thiasis manifested by cramps and facial edemata. The developed
preventive measures in particular included ban for eating infested
pork even after heat processing. What helminthiasis was the
case?
Teniasis
Echinococcosis
+ Trichinosis
Taeniarhynchosis
Alveococcosis
161. The patient with complaints to edemata of eyelids and con-
junctiva, severe pain in the left eye, consulted a hospital. During
surgical intervention, the roundworm about 60 mm long was re-
moved from her eye. It was established that recently she was in
Africa where she went according to the tour. Name a possible
vector of the causative agent of this disease.
Mosquito Mansonia
Buffalo gnats
+ Gadfly of the genus Chrysops
Human flea
Sand fly
162. The patient came to clinic with complaints to pain in breast,
dyspnea, weakness and cough with phlegm with blood impurity.
From the anamnesis, it is known that it was some months in
business trip in the Far East and often ate crayfish, crabs. What is
the provisional diagnosis?
+ Paragonimiasis
Diphyllobothriasis
Opisthorchiasis
Fascioliasis
Taeniasis
163. During additional examination, small asymmetric eggs 26–30
microns long, having lids and small tubercle on the opposite ends,
are revealed in excrements of the patient with mechanical jaun-
dice and bright manifestation of allergic reactions. From the an-
amnesis, it is known that the patient living in the Western
1
Name of the wooded district in the eastern European country (Ukraine, Russia etc.).
Ukraine for 20 years works as the log worker in Western Siberia.

What is diagnosis of the disease?
Fascioliasis
Dicroceliasis
Paragonimiasis
+ Opisthorchiasis
Nanophyetiasis
164. The woman who came back from India consulted a hospital
with complaints to a strong edema of extremities, genitals, and
breast. The doctor at poll of the patient found that the woman
lived in the region with a large number of mosquitoes. During ex-
amination, recurrent lymphadenitis and the increased mediasti-
num nodes were revealed. For what group of helminthoses the
above-named symptoms are characteristic?
Trematodiases
+ Filariases
Cestodiases
Hookworm diseases
Schistosomiasis
165. The patient who arrived from Egypt has complaints to pain in
the bottom of an abdomen, which become stronger during urina-
tion. It was revealed by poll that he often bathed in the river in
hot time of day. Impurities of blood and eggs of a parasite with a
spine were found in urine of the patient. What disease can be ex-
pected?
Opisthorchiasis
Dicroceliasis
Paragonimiasis
Fascioliasis
+ Schistosomiasis
166. During dehelmintization, the tapeworm of 3.5 m long was
driven from intestines of the patient. Mature proglottids of hel-
minth are not mobile and have up to 12 lateral branches of a
uterus. In this case it is necessary to conduct additional investi-
gations of the patient to exclude a disease:
+ Cysticercosis
Echinococcosis
Taeniarhynchosis
Diphyllobothriasis
Taeniasis
167. On the African continent numerous cases of the diseases
caused by round worms – filariae – are registered. Vectors of

these helminths are:
+ mosquitoes
bugs
tsetse flies
sand flies
fleas
168. After examination by means of serological reactions, the di-
agnosis "opisthorchiasis" was made to the patient with the in-
creased temperature and a rash on skin. In what way he could
catch the disease?
Through dirty hands
+ By using of the infected fish
By using of unboiled water from the small river, a pond
By using of the infected liver
With help of flies
169. During examination, the diagnosis "metagonimiasis" is made
to the patient. What is prevention of this disease?
+ Do not use badly processed fish
Do not use dirty vegetables
To wash hands
Do not use badly processed liver of animals
Do not use badly processed beef
170. During examination, nanophyetiasis was revealed in the for-
eign citizen. In what way he could catch?
When swimming in the river
By the use in food of meat
+ By the use in food of fish
Through dirty hands
By stings of mosquitoes
171. What is the sequence of developmental stages of Trichinella
in the human body from the moment of the beginning of an inva-
sion? 1. Migration of larvae through the lymph and blood stream.
2. Moving of the encapsulated larvae into intestines. 3. Subsid-
ence of larvae in striated muscles. 4. Transformation of larvae in-
to sexually mature forms (males and females) and fertilization. 5.
Formation of a capsule around larvae in muscles. 6. Female gives
birth to live larvae.
4, 6, 1, 3, 2, 5
2, 1, 3, 4, 6, 5
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
3, 4, 5, 6, 2, 1
+ 2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5
172. Koreans got used crustaceans for culinary processing in such
manner that is unusual for Europeans, – they subject crayfish,
crabs and shrimps only to "cold" processing, filling in them with
marinade. What trematodiasis can people catch by eating these
dishes?
Fascioliasis
Dicroceliasis
Opisthorchiasis
+ Paragonimiasis
173. The foreign female student with complaints to feeling of
weight in the bottom of an abdomen, and also with complaints to
excretion of insignificant amount of blood at the end of an urina-
tion, consulted the urologist. During microscopy of sediment of
urine, yellow eggs about 140 microns in size, with terminally lo-
cated spine are revealed. What diagnosis will be made by the in-
fectiologist?
+ Schistosomiasis
Opisthorchiasis
Dicroceliasis
Paragonimiasis
Fascioliasis
174. It is known that in the case of opisthorchiasis and diphyllo-
bothriasis, the invasive stage is located in fish, and the analysis
of eggs of helminths is used for laboratory diagnostics. However,
in the case of diphyllobothriasis, a symptom that is not character-
istic for opisthorchiasis exists. What is this symptom?
Pneumonia
+ Anemia
Nausea
Increasing of body temperature
Muscular pains
175. What sequence of developmental stages of an ascarid from
the moment of an invasion of the person? 1. Female lays eggs in
intestines. 2. Swallowing of invasive egg. 3. Migration of larvae
through the blood system. 4. Development of larva in egg, which
is in soil. 5. An exit of larva from egg and its passing through a
gut wall to the bloodstream. 6. Swallowing of larvae and their de-
velopment in intestines into sexually mature forms. 7. Migration
of larvae from blood system into airways and nasopharynx.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
+ 2, 5, 3, 7, 6, 1, 4
6, 7, 4, 3, 1, 2, 5
2, 5, 3, 7, 6, 4, 1
2, 5, 6, 1, 3, 7, 4
176. Schistosomiases are serious helminthic diseases that are
widespread in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. How the person
catches schistosomiases?
By water drink
By the use in food of fish
+ By contact with water in the polluted reservoirs
By sting of insects
By the use in food of crustaceans
177. The journalist worked in India for a long time. After a while
and after arrival of this country, the elevation that is similar to
lace and has the bubble filled with necrotic masses on its end was
formed in his subcutaneous tissue of popliteal area of the right
extremity. What helminthosis can be suspected in the patient?
+ Dracunculosis
Trichinosis
Ascariasis
Enterobiasis
Opisthorchiasis
178. Being in Africa, the person noticed that he has blood in urine.
During laboratory investigation of day urine, oval yellow eggs
with a spine on one of poles were revealed. To what helminth
they belong?
Ascarid
+ Urinary schistosome
Pinworm
Trichinella
Liver fluke
179. During autopsy of the died person, the pathologist found lar-
vae in tissues of brain. It was established that they belong to one
of the helminths listed below. Specify it:
Unarmed tapeworm
Liver fluke
Lung fluke
Cat liver fluke
+ Armed tapeworm
180. Infection of the person with some helminthoses can occur

through the skin. What of the specified helminths can penetrate
into human body through the skin?
Ascarid
Pinworm
Armed tapeworm
Unarmed tapeworm
+ Hookworm
181. Opisthorchiasis is the disease caused by cat liver (Siberian)
fluke. Opisthorchiasis was revealed in the patient. How the causa-
tive agent penetrated to the patient's organism?
By the use in food of the crude or insufficiently thermally processed meat of
cattle
+ By the use in food of crude or dried fish
By drink of unboiled water from open reservoirs
By the use in food of dirty vegetables
By contact with a sick cat
182. Flukes belong to the phylum Flat worms. All flukes are para-
sitic organisms. Diseases which are caused by them, have the
general name:
Filariases
Cestodiases
Nematodoses
+ Trematodiases
Protozoan diseases
183. Penetration of helminths into a human body can occur in dif-
ferent ways. What of the listed helminthoses is caused by larvae
of a parasite, which actively penetrate into the human body?
Dracunculosis
+ Urinary schistosomiasis
Trichocephaliasis
Enterobiasis
Dicroceliasis
184. The vast majority of flukes have difficult life cycle part of
which passes in water. At what representative of the class Flukes
life cycle is not associated with a reservoir?
Lung fluke
Cat liver fluke
+ Lancet fluke
Liver fluke
Urogenital schistosome
185. The woman complains of headache, muscle pain during swal-

lowing, chewing and rotation of eyes, weakness, the increased
temperature, an edema of eyelids and face. In 1.5–2 months pri-
or to appearance of these symptoms, the woman used pork which
did not pass veterinary and sanitary examination. What helminth
causes the specified symptoms in the person?
Ascarid
+ Trichinella
Threadworm
American hookworm
Assassin worm
186. Intestinal obstruction, small appetite, nausea, vomiting, and
anemia were revealed in the patient. Based on the laboratory di-
agnostics, diphyllobothriasis is established. Infection happened
through the use of:
Crabs and crayfish
Eggs
Beef
+ Fishes
Pork
187. The teenage girl complains of the general weakness, disor-
ders of digestion, diarrheas. During coprology examination, ma-
ture proglottids in which the uterus has 7–12 lateral branches are
revealed. Establish the diagnosis.
+ Taeniasis
Taeniarhynchosis
Diphyllobothriasis
Echinococcosis
Hymenolepiasis
188. Coprology examination of patient's feces revealed small
operculated eggs. It is known from the anamnesis that the wom-
an often consumes fish. Based on laboratory analysis, establish
what helminth parasitizes in the woman.
+ Cat liver fluke
Blood fluke
Lung fluke
Liver fluke
Lancet fluke
189. The child has complaints to headache, disorder of digestion,
the general weakness, fast fatigue. During examination, colour-
less ellipsoidal eggs with threadlike appendages on poles are re-
vealed in excrements. Such signs of eggs are characteristic for:

armed tapeworm
unarmed tapeworm
+ dwarf tapeworm
broad tapeworm
dog tapeworm
190. The patient with signs of spasmodic intestinal obstruction
causing by helminths got to clinic. Name the representative of a
class of roundworms, which even in one copy in human intestines
is capable to cause such serious condition of the patient.
Assassin worm
+ Human ascarid
Whipworm
Threadworm
Pinworm
191. In the unregulated market, the woman bought a liver of cat-
tle and did not notice that it is invaded by a liver fluke. She
roasted a liver not much and served it up. Whether family mem-
bers can get fascioliasis?
Those who swallowed the fertilized eggs will get sick
All family members will get sick
Those who ate sexually mature individuals will get sick
+ Such probability is absent
Those who ate larvae of a fluke will get sick
192. In Ukraine, diseases caused by roundworms filariae often oc-
cur. The patient with hypodermic and intraocular migration of
adult helminths consulted the doctor. These helminths were re-
moved surgically. In what way she was infected with this para-
site?
+ Transmissible
Alimentary
Contact
By contamination
Percutaneous
193. During a season of maturing and gathering strawberry, all
family became ill with pneumonia, which was followed by thorax
pain, cutaneous itch, and temperature increase. Larvae of a para-
site were found in phlegm of patients. Specify the causative agent
of a disease.
Fasciola hepatica
194. During dehelmintization of a patient, long fragments of a
helminth having a segmented structure were revealed. Mature
proglottids of 30 by 12 mm were rectangular; closed uterus was
in the form of a stem with 17–35 lateral branches. Define a spe-
cies of a helminth.
Alveococcus
+ Unarmed tapeworm
Dog tapeworm
Dwarf tapeworm
Armed tapeworm
195. Geographical distribution of opisthorchiasis coincides with an
area of a fresh-water mollusk which is the intermediate host of
this trematode. What is a mollusk?
+ Bithynia
Galba
Zebrina
Melania
Bulinus
196. During examination, the foreign citizen was found to have
loiasis. In what way he could catch?
When swimming in the river
Using fish as food
Through dirty hands
+ By stings of gadflies
By stings of mosquitoes
197. Hookworm disease – the serious illness which is followed by
exhaustion, anemia, intestines dysfunction, and dermatitis. What
contingent of the population is most subject to infection with this
helminthosis?
Health workers
Employees of meat-processing plants
+ Miners
Hunters
Employees of pig farms
198. The patient had elephantiasis more than 10 years; this dis-
ease is caused by wuchereriasis. Blood for the analysis was taken
from the patient for the exact diagnosis in what time of day?
In the morning
In the afternoon
In the evening
+ At night
Time does not matter
199. Larva of what helminth migrates with blood flow into the liv-
er, heart, and lungs?
Taenia solium
200. The patient with complaints to temperature increase, pain in
the right hypochondrium consulted a doctor. The patient is fond
of fishing and often uses dried fish. What of listed parasites could
cause a disease?
Fasciola hepatica
+ Opisthorchis felineus
Dicrocoelium lanceatum
Paragonimus westermani
Clonorchis sinensis
201. Manifestations of chronic hepatitis and pancreatitis with peri-
odic exacerbations are observed in the patient who worked some
years in China. What parasite could cause a disease?
Fasciola hepatica
Dicrocoelium lanceatum
+ Clonorchis sinensis
Paragonimus westermani
202. During dehelmintization of the patient, helminth up to 2 me-
ters long was excreted with feces. Helminth's body is segmented,
white colored; length of proglottids exceeds width. The small
head with four suckers and hooks is revealed. Define species of
helminth.
Dog tapeworm
Dwarf tapeworm
Beef tapeworm
+ Pork tapeworm
203. The patient consulted with the complaint to the general
weakness, headache, nausea, liquid excrements with impurity of
mucus and blood. At microscopy of excrements, barrel-shaped
eggs of helminth were revealed. Make the provisional diagnosis.

Ancylostomiasis
+ Trichocephaliasis
Enterobiasis
Ascariasis
Necatoriasis
204. The patient with complaints to headache, pain in muscles
during the movement, weakness, temperature and an edema of
eyelids and face came to hospital. The doctor connects this state
with the use of the pork bought from individuals. What provisional
diagnosis the doctor can make?
Fascioliasis
Opisthorchiasis
+ Trichinosis
Taeniasis
Taeniarhynchosis
205. The person has an irritation of skin – itch, rashes, depigmen-
tation, increased lymph nodes. Filariae are found in the eye. The
diagnosis "onchocercosis" is made. What bloodsucking insects
could become vectors of filariae of the genus Onchocerca?
Gadflies
Mosquitoes
Sand flies
Biting midges
+ Buffalo gnats
206. During the microscopy of the scrape of the anal mucosa of a
child, asymmetric colorless eggs were found. Which helminth did
those eggs belong to?
Hymenolepis nana
207. A shepherd who has tended sheep together with dogs con-
sulted a doctor about pain in his right subcostal area, nausea, and
vomiting. Roentgenoscopy revealed a tumour-like mass. What
kind of helminthiasis might be suspected?
+ Echinococcosis
Ascaridiasis
Taeniasis
Taeniarhynchosis
Enterobiasis
208. Patient was revealed to have intestinal impassability, bad ap-
petite, nausea, vomiting. The anemia associated with lack of B 12
vitamin is established. What parasite of human small intestine
causes this pathology?
Dwarf tapeworm
Dog tapeworm
Whipworm
+ Broad tapeworm
209. The patient within three years was treated without any result
about considerable decrease in acidity of gastric juice. He was
depressed by emergence of proglottids on linen and bed, which
moved and crept out of an anus by oneself. What is the most
probable diagnosis?
Hymenolepiasis
Opisthorchiasis
+ Taeniarhynchosis
Taeniasis
Cysticercosis
210. A patient has been preliminarily diagnosed with paragonimi-
asis. This disease is caused by lung flukes. The causative agent
entered into the patient's body through:
eating unwashed vegetables
+ eating half-cooked lobsters and crabs
contact with an infected cat
eating half-cooked or dried fish
drinking raw water from open reservoirs
211. Mother with the child consulted the pediatrician; she has
found on child's linen small white worms of threadlike form with
the pointed ends, about 1 cm long. From the story of mother: the
child sleeps uneasily, in a dream gnashes teeth, often scratches
anal area. Define a type of helminth:
+ pinworm
ascarid
whipworm
armed tapeworm
assassin worm
212. The person who has a cat with opisthorchiasis consulted the
familiar doctor. He wants to know how members of his family can
catch this disease?
Through badly fried thoroughly meat

+ Through fish
Through dirty hands
Through dirty vegetables
By contact with a cat
213. The patient with complaints to pain in eyes and partial loss of
sight addressed to ophthalmologic office. The larvae reminding a
form of rice grain were revealed under retina. What parasitic dis-
ease is revealed in this patient?
Dicroceliasis
Loiasis
Taeniarhynchosis
Hymenolepiasis
+ Cysticercosis
214. A patient consulted a physician about chest pain, cough, and
fever. Roentgenography of lungs revealed eosinophilic infiltrates
that were found to contain larvae. What kind of helminthiasis are
these presentations typical for?
Trichinosis
Echinococcosis
+ Ascariasis
Fascioliasis
Cysticercosis
215. The miner with complaints to rash on a body, loss of appe-
tite, abdominal swelling, pain in a duodenum, frequent defeca-
tion, and vertigo consulted a doctor. Analysis of excrements and
contents of a duodenum on the presence of eggs were carried
out, and the eggs covered with transparent envelope and 4–8
germinal cells were found. What disease is possible in the pa-
tient?
Hymenolepiasis
Enterobiasis
Trichocephaliasis
Strongyloidosis
+ Ancylostomiasis
216. In the vermiform appendix, a white helminth was found, 40
mm long with thin filiform forward end. Excrements contained
oval eggs with plugs at the poles. Determine the kind of a hel-
minth.
Ascarid
Hookworm
Seatworm
Threadworm
+ Whipworm
217. The preliminary diagnosis was made to the patient: para-
gonimiasis. This disease is caused by a lung fluke. The causative
agent entered into the patient's organism during:
the use in food of dirty vegetables
contact with a sick cat
the use in food of half-baked or sun dried fish
+ the use in food of half-baked crayfish and crabs
drink of unboiled water from open reservoirs
218. A man visited Lebanon. Soon after return, he felt pain and
heaviness in the perineum and suprapubic region. On examina-
tion, he was diagnosed with urogenital schistosomiasis. In what
way could he become infected?
+ By swimming in contaminated water
By eating unwashed fruit and vegetables
By eating insufficiently salted fish
By eating undercooked meat of cattle
By eating undercooked meat of crayfish and crabs
219. The fisherman caught fish from the river, slightly roasted it
on a fire and ate, almost half-baked. In some weeks, signs of
damage of a liver and a pancreas appeared. The laboratory anal-
ysis of excrements showed the presence of small eggs of hel-
minth. What trematodosis did the fisherman possibly catch?
Dicrocoeliosis
+ Opisthorchiasis
Schistosomiasis
Fascioliasis
Paragonimiasis
220. In case of some helminthiases, an affected person can detect
helminth himself because mature segments of the causative
agent are able to crawl out of the anus. This is typical for the fol-
lowing disease:
Pork tapeworm infection
Hymenolepiasis
+ Beef tapeworm infection
Bothriocephaliasis
Echinococcosis
221. Short-term pneumonia is revealed at the patient. Migration
of larvae of what helminth can lead to this disease?
Whipworm
+ Ascarid
Pinworm
Dwarf tapeworm
222. Malignant anemia was found in the patient. Therapy by in-
tramuscular inoculation of B12 vitamin gave short unstable effect
of improvement of blood composition. The patient is the inveter-
ate fisherman and often uses fish that he caught and dried. What
diagnosis can be assumed?1
Enterobiosis
Paragonimiasis
Ancylostomiasis
Trichuriasis
223. A concerned mother addressed a pediatrician with complaints
of her child suffering from frequent stomachaches, loss of appe-
tite, nausea, constipation. Feces analysis detected rounded eggs
with double envelopes and oncospheres localized in their centers.
The child was diagnosed with hymenolepiasis. Specify the type of
infection transmission, considering that the invasion intensity was
extremely high:
alimentary
2
airborne
+ autoinvasion
contamination
immediate contagion
1
Other possible versions of answers are: pernicious anemia (Addison's anemia); diphylloboth-
riosis; paragonimiasis; thalassemia; elliptocytosis.
2
Another possible answer: sexual.
ARTHROPODS
1. What is a characteristics of arthropods?
The secretory system consists of protonephridia
+ The chitinous cover is an exoskeleton
The blood system is absent
The respiratory system is absent
They have nonsegmented cylindrical body
2. A sick man with high temperature and a lot of tiny wounds on
the body has been admitted to the hospital. Lice have been found
in the folds of his clothing. What disease can be suspected?
Scabies
Malaria
Plague
Tularemia
+ Epidemic typhus
3. The geologist who is in the center of spring-summer encephali-
tis has found on his body a small being from the phylum Arthrop-
oda. What can be dangerous as an encephalitis vector?
+ Imago of Ixodes tick
Clothes louse
Bed bug
Black cockroach
Imago of the tick of the family Gamasoidea
4. Two cows died from anthrax in the settlement, and in a week
one child of 14 years got sick. In what most probable way he
caught?
Through contact with a dog which protected herd
Through the food contaminated by typhoid and screwworm flies
Through a sting of a dog flea
Through stings of louses
+ Through a sting of Stomoxys fly
5. The blood-sicking jumping insects that are small (2–3 mm)
and flattened laterally are revealed indoors. Their worm-shaped
larvae develop in floor cracks. Causative agents of what human
disease can be most likely revealed in the digestive system of
these insects?
Helminthoses
Sleeping sickness
+ Plague
Chagas' disease
Relapsing fever
6. A patient came to a doctor complaining of itching between the
fingers and on the abdomen, which intensified at night. After the
examination of his skin, rash and thin grey stripes were found.
What pathogenic organism could produce such symptoms?
Ixodes ricinus
+ Sarcoptes scabiei
Ornithodorus papillipes
Dermacentor pictus
Ixodes persulcatus
7. On the head of the worker of a livestock farm a big wound with
necrotic tissue is present. During management of the wound,
worm-shaped larvae of 1 mm in size were removed. What disease
can be diagnosed?
+ Myiasis
Demodicosis
Phthiriasis
Scabies
Typhus
8. The patient complains of a strong itch. Scratches and small
wounds are present on his body. In business trip, he did not
change linen, the whitish insects having three pairs of extremities
with claws are found in seams of linen; their body is flattened
from a back. Define a species of a parasite:
itch mite
bed bug
+ clothes louse
human flea
Wohlfahrtia
9. In Africa, damages of an eyeball which are caused by round-
worms from the genus Onchocerca are registered among season-
al workers. Against representatives of what genus of flies it is
necessary to take measures for elimination?
Anopheles
Phlebotomus
Pediculus
Pulex
+ Simulium
10. Infection of human with epidemic typhus occurs:
during a sting of a tick through saliva
during a sting of louses through saliva
during a sting of a bed bug through saliva

+ during rubbing in of louses excrements into the sting place
during a sting of a mosquito through saliva
11. The woman consulted a doctor with complaints to suppuration
on hairy part of the head, intolerable eyeball pains. From the an-
amnesis it became clear that the woman worked in the field
where flies with dark spots on an abdomen flew; some of them
crept in a nose and ears during her dream. Larvae of what fly
could cause this disease?
+ Wohlfahrtia
Stable fly
Gadfly
Tsetse fly
Flesh fly
12. In blood of the person on whom pubic louses parasitize, spiro-
chetes – causative agents of relapsing fever were found. The ex-
pert claims that this species of louses has no relation to infection
of the person with relapsing fever, because:
causative agents of this disease are transmitted by clothes louse only
+ causative agents of this disease are transmitted by clothes or head louses
causative agents of this disease are transmitted by head louse only
causative agents of this disease are distributed by mechanical vectors only
it is a disease of "dirty hands"
13. A patient complains of skin itch, especially between the fin-
gers, in the inguinal creases, on the lower abdomen. Examination
of these regions revealed there some small vesicles. Laboratory
diagnostics allowed to establish that this condition had been
caused by a representative of Arthropoda. Specify the disease
caused by this arthropod:
+ Scabies
Demodicosis
Pediculosis
1
Myiasis
Dermatotropic leishmaniasis
14. What medical importance the kissing bug Triatoma has?
Plague vector
Typhus vector
+ Vector of the American trypanosomosis
Vector of relapsing fever
1
During exam in 2006, incorrect word "miasis" was used.
The saliva is poisonous, stings are painful, it is not a vector of diseases

15. The kindergarten left on dacha in the summer. There were
many bird's nests over windows of sleeping rooms. After some
days children started complaining of an itch. During examination,
big bright red spots were found on children bodies, and blood
drops on underclothes. What insects bit children?
+ Bugs
Mosquitoes
Cockroaches
Sand flies
Spiders
16. In some regions of the world the cases of malaria became
more frequent. What insect is a carrier of the agent of malaria?
Culex mosquito
Phlebotomus sandfly
Simulium black fly
+ Anopheles mosquito
A des mosquito
17. During microscopy of material from the centers of lesion of
the patient suffering from eels and inflammatory changes of face
skin, live arthropods of spherical form with 4 pairs of truncated
extremities are found. The cause of such state can be:
+ scabies
allergy
myiasis
dermatitis
pediculosis
18. What arthropods are poisonous for human?
Stomoxys calcitrans
Dermacentor pictus
+ Black widow
Solpugids
Ixodes ricinus
19. After the examination, a patient was diagnosed with tick-
borne relapsing fever. How was he infected?
+ By means of a soft tick's bite
By means of an itch mite's bite
By means of a hard tick's bite
By means of a housefly mite's bite
By means of a dog tick's bite
20. Grey insects measuring 1–1.2 mm with a short wide body

covered with setae were observed on the pubis of some boys dur-
ing the medical checkup. What insects were these?
Sarcoptes scabiei
Pulex irritans
Pediculus humanus capitis
Cimex lectularius
+ Phthirus pubis
21. The typhoid fly has great epidemiological value in distribution
of intestinal diseases (typhoid, cholera, dysentery). It is explained
by fact that:
+ places of egg laying of flies are the decaying substrata, human excrements,
humus
the fly female lays until 160 eggs
mouth of typhoid fly is the licking and sucking
flies that left pupae, pass through a garbage layer with thickness up to 30
cm
the larva is thermophilic, it migrates there, where temperature is of 40
46 C
22. The patient with scratches on the head came to hospital. Dur-
ing examination insects of gray color, 3 mm long, with a body
flattened in the dorsoventral direction and three pairs of extremi-
ties are found. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Scabies
Invasion of skin by bugs
+ Pediculosis
Demodicosis
Allergy
23. During clearing of the wood workers destroyed nests of ro-
dents when rooted out stubs. Ticks crept out from that places and
attacked several workers during their rest. Shortly those workers
got sick. Causative agents of what diseases can be transmitted by
these ticks?
Plagues
+ Endemic typhus
Anthrax
Epidemic relapsing fever
Scabies
24. The patient who was in business trip in Brazil for long time got
to hospital. In preparations of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, tryp-
anosomes were revealed. What arthropod could infect him with
this parasite?
Buffalo gnats
Tsetse fly
Mosquito
+ Kissing bug
Flea
25. In the Crimea the papataci fever is distributed (temperature
40°, pains in muscle, joints, and eyes; headache, change in num-
ber of blood cells are observed for 2–5 days). What insects carry
a disease?
Buffalo gnats
Gadflies
Mosquitoes
+ Sand flies
Typhoid and screwworm flies
26. After the examination, a patient was diagnosed with Russian
spring-summer encephalitis. How was the patient infected?
By means of itch mite's bite
By means of malaria mosquito's bite
By means of soft tick's bite
By means of sand fly's bite
+ By means of hard tick's bite
27. What insects are capable to distribute cutaneous and visceral
leishmaniases?
+ Sand flies of genus Phlebotomus
Anopheles mosquitoes
buffalo gnats of genus Simulium
Biting midges of Ceratopogonidae family
Gadflies of Tabanidae family
28. A 40-year-old man who lives in a pise-walled house came to a
laboratory. He found dark-grey arthropods with a long oval body
and a somewhat pointed front end in the wall chink. The mouth
apparatus of the arthropod were placed in the notch of the abdo-
men surface. The arthropod had 4 pairs of ambulatory legs, the
sexual opening was placed at the level of the first pair of legs.
What arthropod is it?
Ixodes ricinus
Ixodes persulcatus
+ Ornithodorus papillipes
Sarcoptes scabiei
Dermacentor nuttali
29. Grey arthropods measuring 3 mm in length with three pairs of

legs were found on a patient's head. The arthropods had deep in-
cisures on each side of the body. What arthropods did the patient
have?
Cimex lectularius
Sarcoptes scabiei
+ Pediculus humanus capitis
Pulex irritans
Demodex folliculorum
30. In laboratories of research institute owing to insufficient disin-
fection of research materials of human ectoparasites, there were
live certain stages of their development. What stages of the listed
arthropods are epidemiologically danger?
Nits of clothes louse
Eggs of itch mite
+ Eggs of dog tick
Nits of pubic louse
Larvae of rat flea
31. The patient who came to reception complains of an itch be-
tween fingers. The doctor made the diagnosis – scabies. What ar-
thropod can serve as the cause of this disease?
Dog tick
Taiga tick
Dermacentor
+ Itch mite
Ornithodorus
32. A doctor revealed tissues injury on patient's scalp with local-
ized suppurations and diagnosed his disease as myiasis. This in-
festation is caused by larvae of the following insect:
malarial mosquito
kissing bug
+ Wohlfahrtia fly
1
sand fly
stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans)
33. During examination, spots of blue color with a steel shade and
traces of scratches are revealed in inguinal area of the patient's
1
During the exam in 2010 and in the site http://testcentr.org.ua/ (2013), this answer was
"mosquito", but in appropriate Russian question, answer was "sand fly" (Phlebotomus). An-
swers "mosquito" and "malarial mosquito" are very similar. During the exam in 2004, answers
were as follows: house fly, tsetse fly, stable fly, blow fly (Wohlfahrtia magnifica), and triatomic
bug.
body. Arthropods of 1–1.5 mm in size were removed from hair of

a pubic zone. Their body is short and flattened in the dorsoventral
direction, with three pairs of extremities. Define a species of a
parasite:
+ pubic louse
itch mite
clothes louse
head louse
flea
34. A child complained of itching in the occipital and temporal
parts of the head. After the examination of his head, surface ul-
cers on the head skin and white nits on the hair were found. What
arthropod was parasitizing on the child's head?
1
Wohlfahrtia fly
Body louse
Human flea
+ Head louse
Crab louse
35. There are many arthropods that are mechanical and specific
vectors of causative agents of diseases as well as causative
agents of diseases. An arthropod causing human disease is:
dog tick
taiga tick
Dermacentor
Ornithodorus
+ itch mite
36. What of the listed ticks is capable to transmit causative agents
of tularemia?
Taiga tick
Ornithodorus
Itch mite
+ Dog tick
Follicle mite
37. Spirochetes and rickettsia are accumulated in different parts
of a louse's body. How the person is infected with relapsing fever?
+ By crush of louses and rubbing in their hemolymph in a place of a sting
During sting of louses with their saliva
By rubbing in of excrements in places of scratches
By penetration of causative agents into blood through mucous membranes
1
Another answer: "Screwworm fly".
of a nose
By penetration of causative agents into blood through a conjunctiva of eyes
38. A patient came to a dermatologist complaining of ulcers which
appeared on his face and neck skin surface. After the laboratory
examination of the ulcers, mobile wormlike parasites were found.
Specify a causative agent that caused this disease.
+ Follicle mite
Itch mite
Human flea
Bedbug
Larva of Wohlfahrtia fly
39. A crimson papule has appeared on the face of student who
came back from Turkmenistan, and this papule has turned into an
ulcer in 10 days. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is revealed in the pa-
tient. What representative of arthropods is a carrier of the causa-
tive agent of this disease?
Wohlfahrtia
+ Sand fly
Tsetse fly
Malaria mosquito
Human flea
40. The typhoid fly got to a hospital office. What causative agents
of diseases it can mechanically transmit?
+ Cholera, dysentery, typhoid fever
Relapsing fever
Typhus
Encephalitis
Leishmaniasis
41. Rodents are the reservoirs of causative agents of leishmani-
ases – diseases that are natural and transmissible. If the person
got to the leishmaniasis natural focus, he needs to avoid stings
of:
fleas
+ sand flies
ticks
mosquitoes
blood-sicking flies
42. The homeless person with wounds on the head is hospitalized
in city policlinic. During management of wound, larvae of insects
were revealed. Choose an insect which larvae parasitize on a
body of people:
mosquito
flea
louse
+ Wohlfahrtia
sand fly
43. In laboratories of rickettsial diseases, volunteers as source of
food for louses are used for studying of biology of the causative
agent of typhus. Feeding of the louses that are infected with the
causative agent of typhus occurs through a special grid in which
cells louses are placed. Putting a grid to a hip of the donor, louses
are given the chance to suck his blood; however, infection of the
person with typhus thus does not happen. It is explained by:
resistance of the donor
lack of an invasive stage of the causative agent
+ lack of the mechanism of infection rubbing in of excrements in the injured
skin
lack of enough causative agent
different antigenic structure of the causative agent and donor
44. The littered, uncleaned cellars and attics often serve as habi-
tats of homeless cats. After visit of such room, the girl felt many
stings and an intolerable itch in feet. What arthropods used this
girl as the source of food?
+ Fleas
Louses
Ticks
Mosquitoes
Bugs
45. During routine inspection of schoolchildren, the doctor has
found white bright eggs that are densely glued to hair on the
head of several pupils of one class. What representative is the
causative agent of this disease?
+ Head louse
Human flea
Pubic louse
Bed bug
Typhoid fly
46. A patient has acne and inflammatory alterations on facial skin.
Microscopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas has
revealed living porrect vermiform arthropods 0.2–0.5 mm large
with four pairs of short extremities in the front part of their bod-
ies. What is the laboratory diagnosis?
Pediculosis
Myiasis
Scabies
+ Demodicosis
Phthiriasis
47. What arthropods suck blood?
+ Ticks of Ixodidae family
Sarcoptes scabiei
Scorpions
House flies
Spiders
48. A patient with suspicion on epidemic typhus was admitted to
the hospital. Some arachnids and insects have been found in his
flat. Which of them may be a carrier of the pathogen of epidemic
typhus?
+ Lice
Spiders
Houseflies
Bedbugs
Cockroaches
49. At examination of the patient who lived in Central Asia, the
diagnosis – a tick-borne relapsing fever was made. The causative
agent of this disease could get to the patient's organism through
a sting of:
dog tick
+ Ornithodorus
Dermacentor
taiga tick
malaria mosquito
50. While on holiday in the countryside, a boy found a spider with
the following morphological characteristics: body length of 2 cm,
round black abdomen with two rows of red dots on its dorsal side;
four pairs of segmented extremities covered with tiny black hairs.
Identify this arthropod:
Solpuga
+ Karakurte (Latrodectus)
Scorpion
Mite
Tarantula
51. The patient consult the doctor about abdominalgia, vomiting,
disturbance of defecation. The doctor made the diagnosis of in-
testinal myiasis which arises when larvae of typhoid and house

flies get to intestines. How an infection with intestinal myiasis oc-
curs?
+ Due to non-observance of rules of food storage
By the use of unboiled water
By the use of insufficiently fried fish
When using of fresh-salted caviar
Due to non-observance of rules of personal hygiene
52. The parasitologist M. I. Latyshev for the first time carried out
successful attempt of the experimental solution of a question
concerning vectors of causative agents of infectious diseases in
Central Asia. He voluntary fed on himself several Ornithodorus
ticks which were gathered in the house where patients with infec-
tious diseases were present. What disease the courageous re-
searcher caught?
Tick-borne typhus
Japanese encephalitis
+ Tick-borne relapsing fever
Russian spring-summer encephalitis
Anthrax
53. The young man had purulent face blackheads, skin became
wrinkled and hyperemic, eyebrows and eyelashes drop out. A
doctor has made the diagnosis of demodicosis (demodectic
mange). What is prevention of this disease?
Protection against bites of ticks
Application of repellents
+ Maintaining personal hygiene
Processing of rooms by insecticides
Careful check of donor's blood during hemotransfusion
54. In the region where natural disaster (tsunami) took place, a
threat of outbreak of plague appeared. What arthropods this epi-
demic is connected with?
Head louse
Typhoid fly
Clothes louse
Sand fly
+ Human flea
55. Man who returned from spring research expedition has weak-
ness, nausea, sleep disorder, increasing of body temperature,
symptoms of paralysis of muscles of neck and shoulder girdle.
During laboratory diagnostics, the diagnosis – Russian spring-
summer encephalitis is made. What way of infection of the pa-

tient?
+ Transmissible
Percutaneous
Peroral
Sexual
Contact and household
56. There are causative agents of invasive diseases among ticks.
What of the diseases listed below is caused by the representative
of ticks?
Taiga encephalitis
Tularemia
Tick-borne typhus
+ Scabies
Brucellosis
57. Among representatives of the family Muscidae there are me-
chanical and biological vectors of causative agents of diseases. A
biological vector of the causative agent of an invasive disease is:
+ tsetse fly
blue flesh fly
stable fly
house fly
Wohlfahrtia
58. Some of insects can parasitize either at imaginal or at larval
stage of development. What of insects parasitizes at larval stage?
Malaria mosquito
Sand fly
Tsetse fly
Stable fly
+ Wohlfahrtia
59. The patient has an open wound of a face with uneven edges;
the necrosis of tissues with gradual partial gangrenous process
which almost reaches a bone tissue are observed. Due to detailed
examination, live larvae are revealed in a wound. The diagnosis
"tissue myiasis" is made to the patient. What larvae of flies
caused this disease?
Glossina palpalis
Musca domestica
+ Wohlfahrtia magnifica
Phlebotomus papatasii
Stomoxys calcitrans
60. During expedition to Central Asia students found an inverte-

brate animal 7 cm long. The body is divided into a cephalothorax
with 4 pairs of walking legs and the segmented abdomen. In the
last tail segment poisonous gland is present that opens at the end
of a sting. The animal is a night predator and poisonous for hu-
man. This animal belongs to group:
spiders (Aranei)
ticks (Acarina)
solpugids (Solifugae)
+ scorpions (Scorpiones)
fleas (Siphonaptera)
61. The pensioner who did not happen in a taiga but often worked
for himself at dacha consulted the hospital in Vladivostok. He de-
nied the sting of a tick and he was not vaccinated. He considered
himself as a patient since when he had headaches, high tempera-
ture, the phenomena of a left-side hemiparesis. He appealed for
the help for the 10 th day of a disease. During examination of a
body of the patient, the doctor noticed an erythema in armpits
about 5 cm in the diameter with a sting trace. What diagnosis is
most probable?
Demodicosis
+ Taiga tick-borne encephalitis
Scabies
Malaria
Trypanosomosis
62. In the armpits of a patient, the small (1–1.5 mm), dorsoven-
trally flattened, wingless, blood-sucking insects are found. Their
larvae are developed in the armpits too. What disease is caused
by these insects?
Sleeping sickness
Chagas' disease
Plague
+ Phthiriasis
Relapsing fever
63. Mother of a boy who had recently returned from a summer
camp found some small whitish insects up to 3 mm long on the
child's clothing. Specify the parasite.
Phthirus pubis
Pulex irritans
+ Pediculus humanus humanus
Cimex lectularius
Blattella germanica
64. The patient with complaints to disorder of digestion, weak-
ness, vomiting, pains in intestines consulted the gastroenterolo-
gist. During analysis of gastric contents larvae of botflies are re-
vealed, during analysis of a mucous membrane of a stomach its
inflammation is revealed. What disease is most probable for this
patient?
Cutaneous myiasis
+ Intestinal myiasis
Phthiriasis
Wuchereriasis
Trypanosomosis
65. At medical examination on the head of some patients insects
of 2–3 mm in size of gray color with deep cuts on each side of a
body were revealed. What are these ectoparasites?
Ticks
+ Head louses
Fleas
Bed bugs
Clothes louses
66. In fur farms and zoos, fleas quite often bite the workers who
are looking after animals. Causative agents of what disease they
can transmit?
Cholera
Relapsing fever
+ Plague
Dysentery
Typhus
67. Among insects that can be in housing constantly or temporari-
ly, specific and mechanical carriers of causative agents of diseas-
es exist. What arthropod among listed below is a mechanical car-
rier of the causative agent of diseases?
Human flea
Head louse
Bed bug
+ German cockroach
Clothes louse
68. Medical examination of some youths revealed in their axillary
regions grey insects 1.0–1.5 mm large, with short broad body
covered with hairs. What insects were revealed?
Flea
Head louse
Bed bug
+ Pubic louse
1
Itch mite
69. According to the data of WHO, for about 250 millions of Earth
population fall ill with malaria. This disease is mostly spread in
tropical and subtropical regions. Range of its spread falls into the
areal of the following mosquitoes:
+ Anopheles
Mansonia
A des
Culex
Culiseta
70. After a thorough examination the patient who had returned
from Central Asia to Ukraine was diagnosed with spring-summer
encephalitis. Its pathogen might have entered the body through
the bite of the following arthropod:
2
dog louse
mosquito
itch mite
Ornithodorus papillipes
+ taiga tick
71. Workers consulted a hospital on the fact that they found para-
sites of gray color, about 3 mm long on their bodies. They caused
unpleasant irritation of skin, there were itch, pain, papules of blue
color, and hemorrhages in places of stings. At certain workers
temperature rose. What disease is most probable?
Itch
+ Pediculosis
Sarcoptidosis
Cutaneous myiasis
Phthiriasis
72. A man lives in the area of dermal leishmaniasis distribution.
He hasn't been inoculated against this disease because of his
having contraindication against it. What insects' bites should this
man avoid?
Mosquitoes
Fleas
1
Another possible answer: clothes louse.
2
During exam for students studying stomatology (in 2013), this answer was indicated as cor-
rect one, but this is a mistake! Dog louse Linognathus piliferus does not transmit encephalitis.
Gadflies
+ Sand flies
Stable flies
73. In the South and Central America, a certain species of trypa-
nosomes, which is a vector of Chagas disease, is distributed.
What of the listed organisms is a specific vector of the causative
agent of this disease?
Tsetse fly
Cockroach
Mosquito
Sand fly
+ Triatomine bug
MIXED QUESTIONS ON PARASITOLOGY

1. During the examination of a patient a doctor found small ulcers
with rough edges on the patient's skin. The patient had just re-
turned from an Asian country where there were a lot of mosqui-
toes. What disease can be suspected?
Trypanosomiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Malaria
+ Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Scabies
2. The patient has complaints to pains in the bottom of an abdo-
men which enhance during urination. Impurity of blood and egg
of parasites are found in urine. Of what disease it is necessary to
think?
Clonorchiasis
Trypanosomosis
Trichinosis
+ Schistosomiasis
Trichomoniasis
3. A married couple applied to the genetic consultation in order to
consult about their child with multiple abnormalities (microceph-
aly, idiocy etc.). Examination of family members did not reveal
hereditary pathology, and the karyotype of parents and the child
was normal. The woman did not use mutagens and teratogens
during pregnancy. The doctor has found that the family keeps a
cat in the apartment. What can be a probable cause of malfor-
mation of the newborn?
Woman had dysentery during pregnancy
Woman had taeniasis during pregnancy
Woman had an ascariasis during pregnancy
+ Woman had toxoplasmosis during pregnancy
Woman had an enterobiasis during pregnancy
4. Patients with edemata of eyelids and faces, fever, muscle pain
are hospitalized to the hospital. It became clear that the disease
began after the use in food of half-cooked pork which did not
pass veterinary sanitary inspection. What diagnosis is most prob-
able?
Taeniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Taeniarhynchosis
Echinococcosis
+ Trichinosis
5. A patient with suspicion to liver abscess arrived to surgical of-
fice. It was established that the patient was in business trip in
Cuba for a long time, frequently had sharp gastrointestinal dis-
eases. What disease can be assumed at the patient, what meth-
ods of research need to be used for diagnostics?
Ascariasis; to study excrements (Kato method) on the presence of eggs
(big size, 50 80 microns, mammillated surface)
Echinococcosis; to carry out roentgenoscopy, X-ray analysis, ultrasonogra-
phy
Alveococcosis; to carry out roentgenoscopy, X-ray analysis, ultrasonogra-
phy
Giardiasis; to study smears of excrements microscopically
+ Amebiosis; to study excrements microscopically
6. A woman who was infected with toxoplasmosis during preg-
nancy has born a child with multiple congenital defects. This is a
result of:
+ teratogenesis
chemical mutagenesis
biological mutagenesis
recombination
cancerogenesis
7. 40-year-old patient who have lost sight on the left eye earlier,
consulted the oculist about deterioration of sight on the right eye.
What parasitic disease can be suspected?
Cysticercosis
+ Toxoplasmosis
Echinococcosis
Trichinosis
Leishmaniasis
8. All hollow organs of the patient are expanded, the traces re-
minding stings with indurations are present on the body surface.
The patient was more than two months in the territory of the
South American country where he caught armadillos for a zoo.
Define a disease:
malaria
echinococcosis
+ nervous form of Chagas' disease (trypanosomosis)
infection with an American hookworm
allergic reaction to stings of mosquitoes
9. The patient who arrived 10 months ago from the Asian country
where he worked at building of water accumulative constructions
was hospitalized in clinic with edema of the right lower extremity.
In some days a bubble appeared on a surface of skin, asthmatic
attacks, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, and then unconsciousness
were developed. What reason of these symptoms?
Chemical burn
Ascariasis
Asthma
Sting of a scorpion
+ Dracunculosis
10. The local who never left his favourite dog was the conductor
of scientific expedition across India. With what invasive diseases
members of expedition can be infected by the contact with this
dog as an invasion source?
Taeniasis, balantidiasis
Lambliosis, trypanosomosis
+ Echinococcosis
Dicroceliasis, amebiosis
Trichomoniasis, fascioliasis
11. The patient consulted a doctor concerning the increasing signs
of lesion of the central nervous system. The patient was in busi-
ness trip in the Central Africa for a long time. What disease can
be assumed?
Diphyllobothriasis
+ Trypanosomosis
Ascariasis
Leishmaniasis
Trichocephaliasis
12. Choose, what disease is caused by pinworms:
+ enterobiasis
strongyloidosis
dracunculosis
sleeping sickness
typhoid
13. The shepherd with head wounds consulted the village medical
assistant's point. During examination of wounds, deep damage of
soft tissues with local places of gangrenous changes and larvae of
flies were revealed. Choose the name of a disease:
pediculosis
skin leishmaniasis
itch
+ tissue myiasis
phthiriasis
14. Mosquitos' bites caused the appearance of ulcers on the hu-
man's skin; the ulcers were observed under a microscope. The ul-
cer's contents analysis revealed nonflagellated protozoans. What
disease is this?
+ Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Malaria
Scabies
Myiasis
15. Toxoplasmosis is diagnosed for the pregnant woman. It is
known that it can lead to development of malformation in a foe-
tus. With what it can be associated?
With possible development of a generative mutation
With possible development of autoimmune reactions
With inflammatory processes in tissues of a fetus
+ With teratogenic influence
With possible development of somatic mutations
16. The patient has frequent liquid stool with impurity of blood,
pain in a rectum. What parasitic disease needs to be suspected?
Cysticercosis
Loiasis
Lambliosis
Malaria
+ Amebiosis
17. What species belongs to Arachnoidea?
Culex
+ Ixodes persulcatus
Typhoid fly
Bed bug
18. The patient to whom the diagnosis "malaria" was made after
examination, addressed to policlinic. However, according to the
patient, last 5 years he did not visit the countries in which this
disease is distributed. Call a possible way of infection:
fecal and oral
owing to a sting of the infected sand fly
owing to a sting of tsetse fly
contact and household
+ owing to blood transfusion

19. The man is in the center of dermatotropic leishmaniasis. Im-
munization against this disease was not carried out because he
had existence of contraindications. Stings of what insects the per-
son needs to avoid?
+ Sand flies
Fleas
Botflies
Mosquitoes
Blood-sicking flies
20. The medicinal leech which eats blood of fishes, frogs, and
mammals and can feed on blood of the human is found in
Ukraine. The blood clotting is prevented by the substance con-
taining in a secret of glands which channels open in a throat of a
leech. How this substance is called?
Guanine
Blood clotting factor
Hemoglobin
Glycogen
+ Hirudin
21. A patient has roundish ulcers on his face, inflammation and
enlargement of lymph nodes. During laboratory examination of
discharge from face ulcers, unicellular organisms without flagella
were revealed. What diagnosis it indicates?
Toxoplasmosis
Scabies
Trypanosomiasis
Myiasis
22. Mother with 12-year old child consulted gastroenterologist
with complaints to loss of appetite at the child, meteorism. During
endoscopic examination, dyskinesia of bile ducts is diagnosed,
and cells of a pear-shaped form with many flagella are revealed
in duodenal contents. What disease is most probable for the
child?
Balantidiasis
+ Lambliosis
Ascariasis
Trichomoniasis
Enterobiasis
23. As an example of specific human parasites, one can name
Plasmodium falciparum, human pinworm and some others. The

source of parasite invasion is always a human. Such specific hu-
man parasites cause the diseases that are called:
+ Anthroponoses
Zoonoses
Anthropozoonoses
Infections
Multifactorial diseases
ЕЛЕКТРОННЕ НАВЧАЛЬНЕ ВИДАННЯ
ТЕСТОВІ ЗАВДАННЯ
д ада де жав г е з г и
"К -1. Зага а а а дг в а"
З МЕДИЧНОЇ БІОЛОГІЇ
(а г в )
дл самост йно роботи студент в

спе ал ностей 7.12010001 "Л кувал на справа",
7.12010003 "Медико-проф лакти на справа"
7.12010005 "Стоматолог " денно форми нав анн
Уклада Олег Юве ал й ви См в, ка д. б л. а к,

а ий а к вий в б ик, д е
К м ' е е ве а О. Ю. См ва
208.What group of organisms has the ring and Lin ear molecules of DNA creating chromosomes
of a simple structure?(having no histones)
+Bacteria
-fungi
-bacteriophage
-virus
-protozoa
209.cells of human red bone marrow which belong to a cellular complex that constantly divides,
are investigated.what process provides genetic identity to these cells?
+mitosis
-meiosis
-transplantation
-mutation
-repair
210.under the influence of radioactive radiation in a dose 5 grey,red bone marrow was
damaged.what determines sensitivity of red bone marrow to ionising radiation?
+intensive cell fission
-high level of free radicals
-high level of peroxides
211.In a tissue specimen of endometrium ,separate epithelial cells are visible in which
chromosomes create a plate located in the equatorial plane .in what period of cell cycle are these
cells?
+metaphase
212.Molecular level process of spontaneous passive transport of water soluble molecules across
cell membranes is modeled.the molecules move across cell membranes from an area of higher
concentration toward an area of lower concentration via specific transmembrane integral
protein.this transport does not directly require chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis.which of the
following transport mechanisms is most likely mentioned?
+facilitated diffusion
213. A team of medical students is perform ing research on phases of cell cycle . During one of
the mitotic phases , the cell is nearly done dividing , the chromosomes decondense and two
nuclei begin to form around them . Which of the following phases most likely takes place in the
cell ?
+ Telophase
214. Long - term taking of medicines can affect cells of the liver . Particularly , it can cause
marked hypertrophy of agranular endoplasmic reticulum due to the following function of this
organelle :
+Detoxication of harmful substances
215. In which of the following nuclear structures is DNA actively transcribed to rRNA ?
+ Nucleolus
216. Beginning with protein synthesis in membrane - bound ribosomes , hepatocytes se crete
proteins into the circulation via which of the following mechanisms ?
+Transport in vesicles and exocytosis
143. Primary microcephaly , which is a monogenic autosomal recessive disease , is diagnosed for
a girl . A brother of this girl has normal development . What are genotypes of par ents of these
children ?
Correct answer : . Aa x Aa
144. Parents have normal hearing , their two daughters and son have congenital deafness , and
other 5 children are healthy . What is the pattern of deafness inheritance ?
Correct answer . Autosomal recessive
145. In a chromosome region , genes are located in such sequence : ABCDEFG . As a result of
radioactive radiation , rearrangement occurred , then a chromosome region has the following
structure : ABDEFG . What mutation occurred ?
Correct answer : . Deletion
339. A karyotype of a female organism with trisomy syndrome --47 , XXX - is analysed . By
drawing up an ideogram of this set , such number of pairs of homologous chromosomes will be
present : Correct answer : 23 pairs
340. Malformations of a foetus can be caused by such diseases of mother as rubella , syphilis ,
toxoplasmosis , cytomegaly , herpes , clamidiasis . What form of variability such malformations
belong to ? Correct answer : Modification
341. The diagnosis Klinefelter's syndrome was made to a patient . The karyotype at this disease is
47 , XXY . In this set , there will be such number of gonosomes : Correct answer : three
342. A woman with A ( II ) , Rh - negative blood gave birth to a child with B ( III ) , Rh - positive
blood . Hemolytic disease of the newborn is diagnosed for the child . What is the most probable
cause of the development of this disease ? Hereditary Correct answer : Rhesus incompatibility
343. Cytogenetic analysis allowed to deter mine a patient's karyotype -47 , XY , +21/46 , XY .
Such state is called : Correct:mosaicism
344. Nondisjunction of autosomes occurred in a woman during meiosis. An ovum with the
additional 18th chromosome was formed . The ovum was fertilized by normal spermatozoid .
Future child will have such syndrome : Correct answer : Edwards
345. A mother of the 2 - year - old child , who has lag in physical and intellectual development ,
addressed to a medico - genetic consultation . What method of research will allow to exclude
chromosomal pathology ? Correct answer Cytogenetic
346. A patient with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy comes for genetic counseling , Afcounter
the family history taking , the genetic counselor constructs pedigree , which displays a dis tinct
mode of inheritance : his disease is transmitted only from affected females to their off spring .
Both males and females are affected . None of the offspring of an affected male is affected .
Which of the following modes of inheritance is identified by the counselor ? Correct answer :
Mitochondrial
219. Sickle-cell anemia at a person is followed by appearance of abnormal hemoglobin in blood,

change of a shape of erythrocytes, development of anemia. This disease is a result
Ans. Gene mutation
220. In the process of evolution, molecular mechanisms for correction of damaged DNA
molecules were developed. This process is called:
Ans. repair
221. A 15-year-old young man complains of general weakness, dizziness, fast fatigue. During
investigation, erythrocytes with changed shape are revealed, their number is reduced. Provisional
diagnosis: sickle-cell anemia. What type of a mutation causes development of this pathological
condition?
Ans. Point mutation
222. A young family came for genetic counseling to identify the father of their child. The husband
insists that the child does not resemble him at all and cannot possibly be his. Polymerase reaction
method for person identification is based on the following:
Ans. gene amplification
223. Streptomycin and other aminoglycosides prevent joining of formylmethionyl-1RNA by

bonding with the 30S ribosomal subunit. This effect leads to disruption of the following process:
Ans. translation initiation in procaryotes
224. During research of cells, high content of aminoacyl-1RNA synthetase was found in their
cytoplasm. This enzyme provides such process in a cell:
Ans. activation of amino acids
225. Antibiotic chloramphenicol (Levomycetin) was prescribed to a patient. It breaks protein

synthesis in microorganisms by inhibition of the process:
Ans. elongation of translation
226. Due to deficit of UV endonuclease, DNA repair is broken and such disease appears
Ans. xeroderma pigmentosum
227. During DNA replication, one of its chains is synthesized with delay. What defines this feature
of synthesis?
Ans. Anti-parallelism of chains
228. At first in a nucleus of eukaryotic cel, the pre-MRNA molecule, which is complementary to
exons and introns of a structural gene, is synthesized. But then mRNA, which is complementary
to exons only, arrives ribosomes. It testifies that such process takes place in a nucleus:
Ans. processing
159. Parasitizing of several species of parasites in a patient's body was suspected. How such
set of parasites occupying an organism is called?
Ans. Parasitocenosis
160. An embryo of a lancelet is on one of development stages during which the number of its cells
increases, but the total amount of an embryo practically does not change. At what stage of its
development there is an embryo?
Ans. Cleavage
161. A newborn boy was found to have hydrocephaly. Doctors consider that this malformation is
caused by teratogenic factors. What germ layers are affected by teratogen?
Ans. Ectoderm
151. A patient addressed to a stomatologist with symptoms of inflammation of the mucous

membrane of an oral cavity. In smears received from parodontal pockets, protozoa with a
changeable shape of a body, 6-60 microns in size, capable to form pseudopodia, were revealed.
What protozoans are these?
Ans. Entamoeba gingivalis
152. During sanitary assessment of a pond, where children from a recreation summer camp take
their swims, oval cysts 50-60 microns in diameter with 2 nuclei visible in their cytoplasm
(macronucleus and micronucleus) were detected. What protozoa do these cysts belong to?
Ans. Balantidum
220. The provisional diagnosis was made to a patient: paragonimiasis. This disease is caused by
lung fluke. The causative agent entered into the patient's organism during:
Ans. the use in food of half-baked crayfish and crabs
227. A patient with complaints of weakness, nausea, and anemia addressed to a doctor. He
specified that used in food fresh-salted caviar 3 months ago. With what helminthosis the person
could get sick?
Ans. Diphyllobothriosis
228. Fragments of helminth were found in feces of a patient after drug treatment. These fragments
had a tape-like segmented structure. The width of segments exceeded their length. There was a
rosette-shaped uterus in the centre of the segment. Which helminth did the patient have?
Ans. Diphyllohothrium latum
229. During dehelmintization, a 3.5-meter- long tapeworm was excreted from the patient's
intestine. There are 4 suckers and hooks on the scolex of this helminth. Mature segments of
tapeworm are immobile and have up to 12 lateral uterine branches. What is disease?
Ans. Pork tapeworm infection
230. A shepherd, who tended to the flock of sheep with his dogs, gradually developed pain in the
chest and bloody expectorations. X-ray revealed spheric helminth larvae in the patient's lungs.
Specify helminth that could be the causative agent of this discase:
Ans. Echinococcus
231. Eggs of liver fluke are found in patient's excrements; however, a doctor did not hurry to make
a diagnosis and suggested to repeat the analysis after exclusion of beef liver from the patient's
dict. What led the doctor to make such decision?
Ans. Possible phenomenon of transit eggs
232. A patient with the provisional diagnosis 'diphyllobothriosis' came to a hospital. Usage of
which products could cause this disease?
Ans. Fish
233. A man came to hospital in a severe condition: facial edemas, myalgia, high temperature, and
respiratory distress. Case history revealed that the patient's family consumes untested pork
regularly. What helminth can be the cause of such symptoms?
Ans. Trichinella spiralis
74. A woman with complaints of skin itching and puffiness of eyelids addressed to an
ophthalmologist. During examination, a worm-like arthropod with size of 0.4 mm is revealed.
Continuous scutum covers the forefront of a body; the body has cross stripes. Legs are short,
tarsi have two claws. What diagnosis a doctor can make?
Ans. Demodicosis
75. A woman with a child, having a gangrenous wound on the head, addressed to a hospital.
During investigation, a doctor found white worm-shaped maggots in a wound. What insect could
deposit them?
Ans. Wohlfahrtia
24. A patient has complaints of acute abdominal pain of cramp-like character, frequent urges to
defecate, and liquid bloody stool with mucus. Laboratory examination of smears of excrements
revealed organisms of a changeable shape, which contain erythrocytes. What disease is
possible?
Ans. Amebiasis
25. Malignant anemia was found in a patient. Therapy by intramuscular inoculation of B2 vitamin
gave short unstable effect of improvement of blood composition. The patient is the inveterate
fisherman and often uses fish that he caught and dried. What diagnosis can be assumed?
Ans. Diphyllobothriasis
Medical biology
When llisted events occur?
(Each answer can be used once, more than once of not at all)
Find a match for each of the 5 statements
Formation of tetrads Prophase I of meiosis

Disjunction of homologous chromosomes Anaphase I of meiosis
to the opposite poles
Lining up of chromosomes in the area of Metaphase
the equator
Exchange of sites of chromatids Prophase I of meiosis
Disjunction of sister chromatids to the Anaphase II of meiosis
opposite poles
Telophase II of meiosis
Prophase II of meiosis
Telophase I of meiosis
Choose the proper term from the right column to each type of a chromosome.
Find a match for each of the 5 statements:
chromosome with a Telocentric

centromere that is localized
at or very near the end of
the chromosome
chromosome with identical isochromosome
arme (duplicated arms)
chromosome has two arms metacentric
of approximately equal
lengths
chromosome without a acentric
centromere
chromosome has long and acrocentric
very short arms
submetacentric
dicentrc
Match each phrase from the left column with the proper term from the right column.
Marriage of deaf individuals positive assortative mating

Individuals mate inbreeding
preferentially with close
relatives
Emigration and immigration Gene flow
of Individuals that affect
Medical biology
gene frequencies within a

population
Change in allele frequency Genetic drift

due to small population size
Artificial selection
Natural selection
panmixia
Negative assortative mating

Reproductive isolation
Choose expression from the right column that best fits each of the following statements:
A certain California tunnel is noted for the Inheritance of acquired characters

amount of radium ore in its walls. Fruit flies
bred there show a larger number of mutations
than those bred elsewhere
Bean pods bome by a plant are never Inheritable and non heritable variation
the same in length or weight
Parrots, when fed with certain seeds, non heritable variation

develop red and yellow spots on their plumage,
but the offspring show only greater colours
unless similarly fed
geographic isolation
inheritable variation
artificial selection
For creation of the chromosomal map by means of the analyzing crossings, distances between pairs of
separate genes are defined. In one of experiments, it was found that the crossing-over indicator
between genes A and B makes 8%, and between genes B and C makes 20%. What is the distance
between genes A and C?
Choose one of the 6 answer variants:
1. 28%
Medical biology
2. 12%
3. 28% or 12%
4. 12% or 20%
5. 8% or 12%
6. 8% or 20%
possibility of the birth of the child with the disease or healthy child in the case of marriage of this boy,
when he grows up, with the woman who is heterozygous on the gene of phenylketonuria?
(Each answer can be used once, more than once o not at all.)
Appearance of the changed

gene in parents
Appearance of the disease in Combinational variation
the boy (random parking of gametes)
No mali a ion of child Environmental variation
phenotype
Future birth of the child with Combinational variation
the disease of healthy child (random parking of gametes)
Geographical variation
Seasonal variation
Determine type of gene interaction by using known genotype and phenotype of an organism for each
case:
AAbb genotype - a phenotype, AABB genotype Dominant epistasis

phenotype
Complete dominance
Bb Genotype - B phenotype
Aa genotype - Aa phenotype Incomplete dominance

AAbb genotype phenotype, aaBB genotype complementary
phenotype Aabb genotype --Phenotype
AABB genotype- and phenotype: AAbb genotype Recessive epistasis

AND, phenotype
Match each phrase from the left column with proper term from the right column.
Medical biology
organelle where protein synthesis occurs Ribosome

represents an amino acid Codon
four kinds in DNA Nucleotide
carries hereditary information to ribosomes mRNA
material of which genes are made DNA
Has no anticodon tRNA
Choose characteristics of albinism:
Choose several from 8 answer variants:
1. It is caused by absence of tyrosinase

2. One of symptoms is formation of white spots of different size on a skin
3. It is a sex-linked trait
4. It is enzymopathy
5. It is caused by absence of phenylalanine hydroxylase
6. One of symptoms is photophobia
7. it causes mental retardation
8. is dermatozoonosis
How existence of new traits at newborns can be explained?
Why uniovular twins have different new traits?
The reason of emergence of new traits is ontogenetic variation
The reason of emergence of new traits is emergence of somatic mutation
Ne ai a e diffe e g acc di g Ch Da i he
New traits are different according to G. de vries theory
Ne ai a e diffe e acc di g J La a k he
The reason of emergence of new traits is emergence of generative mutations

Medical biology
The woman, who in the first trimester of pregnancy appeared in a zone with a high radiation
background, gave birth to boys - uniovular twins.
Polydactyly was revealed in one of them and elliptocytosis was revealed in the second boy. Both traits
are dominant, but they are absent in twins parents.
Why new traits appear?
What is the probability of inheritance of new traits by children of these twins if they marriage normal
women?
New traist are spontaneous mutations
New traist are modification
The probability of inheritance of new traist by grandsons equals 50%
New traits are induced mutations
The probability of inheritance of new traits by grandsons equals 100%
For each set of signs, select the most likely diagnosis.
(Each answer can be used once or not at all.)
Occassionally aggressive in childhood Cri du chat syndrome
Low set ears, tightly clenched hands, and Edwards syndrome

prominent occiput
Tall male with small, soft testes Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome
Short stature and webbed neck
Medical biology
Single palmar (simian) crease and epicanthic Down syndrome

folds
Choose expression from the right column that besi fits each of the following statements:
A pine tree may produce hundreds of seeds each

year but only two or three of the seeds
produced grow into trees. Natural selection
On the island of Komodo there are

species of lizards differing from all other species
in the world, Inheritance of acquired characters
Gill slits are found in the chick embryo. Embryological evidence of evolution
A three-layered embryo is formed gastrulation

Causes abnormal development of an embryo teratrogen
Formation and development of tissue from the Histogenesis
germ layer
Insertion of a blastocyst in a wall of a uterus Implantation
Transplantation of tissue from an identical twin Isografting
The organ or tissue which is grafted transplant
Failure to accept transplanted organ because of

immunological differences rejection
The right kidney was transplanted from a young

ima to his sister allografting
Medical biology
What taxonomic group a causative agent of an appropriate disease belongs to?
(Each answer can be used once, more than once or not at all.)
Toxoplasmosis Sporozoans
Trichomonas Flagella
Leishmaniosis Flagella
Trypanosomosis Flagella
Malaria Sporozoans
Amebiasis Sarcodina
Balantidiasis infusorians
Match each phrase from the left column with the proper name of the parasite from the right column
Parasite with 6 to 12 merozoites in the schizont Plasmodium malariae
Large kidney-shaped nucleus Balantidium coli
Trophozoite ingests red blood cells Entamoeba histolytica
Pseudocysts in brain Toxoplasma gondii
Elongated cell with one flagellum and the Trypanosoma brucei

undulating membrane
Bilaterally symmetric trophozoite with sucking Giardia lamblia

disk
Choose the causative agent for each disease.
visceral leishmaniasis Leishmania donovani
cutaneous leishmaniasis Leishmania tropica

Medical biology
trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis
African sleeping sickness Trypanosoma brucei
Chagas' disease Trypanosoma cruzi
Choose an invasive stage for each disease.
Amebiasis Cyst
Malaria Sporozoite
Leishmaniosis Promastigote
Balantidiasis Cyst
Toxoplasmosis (from a cat) Oocyst
Trypanosomiasis Promastigote
Trichomonosis trophozite
Determin the mode of invasion for each protozoan disease
(each answer can be used once or more than once)
Kala-azar bite of Phlebotomus spp.
Giardiasis ingestion of cyst in contaminated water or food
Chaga di ea e rubbing of infected feces of Triatoma spp into

bite a conjunctiva
Cutaneous leishmaniasis bite of Phlebotomus spp.
Toxoplasmosis ingestion of oocyst, trophozoite, or pseudocyst,

congenita transmission
Malaria Bite of of Anopheles mosquito,

contaminated
Sleeping sickness bite of Glossina spp.
What disease can be diagnosed after analysis of an appropriate material?

Medical biology
feces, trophozoites containing erythrocytes Amebiasis

smear preparations of bone marrow, Leishmaniosis (L. donovani)
intracellular trophozoites
duodenal fluid, trophozoites with 8 flagella Giardiasis

skin smears, intracellular trophozoites Leishmaniosis (L. tropica)
feces, trophozoites containing large sausage Balantidiasis
shaped nucleus
feces, oval cysts with 4 nuclei and flagella (inside Giardiasis

a cyst)
vaginal swab, trophozoites Trichomonosia

blood schizonts in erythrocytes Malaria
blood, trophozoites with 1 flagellum trypanosomosis
What taxonomic group a causative agent of an appropriate disease belongs to?
(Each answer can be used once or more than once.)
dicrocoeliasis Trematoda
taeniasis Cestoda
lveococcosis Cestoda
opisthorchiasis Trematoda
diphyllobothriasis Cestoda
dirofilariasis Nematoda
trichocephalus Nematode
nanophyetiasis Trematoda
Determine invasive stages of listed parasites for
(Each answer can be used once, more than once is not at all.)
Enterobius egg
Hymenolepis larya in the environment
Echinococcus larva in the intermediate host

Medical biology
Taenia saginata larva in the intermediate host
Opisthorchis larva in the intermediate host
Diphyllobothrium larva in the intermediate host
Fasciola larya in the environment
Ascaris larya in the environment
Determine an appropriate group of helminthes for each larval stage.
(Each answer can be used once or more than once.)
coracidium Cestoda
cercaria Trematoda
sporocyst Trematoda
redia Trematoda
plerocercoid Cestoda
oncosphere Cestoda
microfilaria Nematode
miracidium Trematoda
A ciliated hexacanth embryo in fresh water coracidium

Thin-walled, fluid-filled cyst that encloses a cysticercus
scole
The motile embryo armed with six hooklets Oncosphere
The solid larval stage that develops in the body Procercoid
of a freshwater crustacean
The solid larval stage with two sucking grooves Procercoid
that develops in a freshwater fish
Larval cyst contain containing multiple Coenurus
invaginated scoleces into a bladder
Medical biology
What is the role of a man in the life cycle of a parasite?
(each answer can be used once or more than once)
Ascaris final and intermediate host
Toxoplasma intermediate host only (and cycle will continue)
Enterobius final and intermediate host
Opisthorchis final host only
Trichinella final and intermediate host
Taeniarhynchus final host only
Echinococcus intermediate host only (and cycle will continue)
Plasmodium intermediate host only (and cycle will continue)
Determine types of life cycles for listed parasites
(Each answer can be used once or more than once.
Enterobius occurs in one host only

Hymenolepis occurs in one host only
Opisthorchis occurs with change of two hosts
Plasmodium occurs with change of two hosts
Taenia solium occurs with change of two hosts
Fasciola occurs with change of two hosts
Ascarie occurs in one host only
Dicrocoelium occurs with change of two hosts
Determine source of invasion of a man by liste parasites.
(Each answer can be used once or more than once.
Ascaris Mammal fece

Medical biology
Opisthorchis fish
Taenia Ma a ea
Alveococcus Ma a fece
Trichinella Ma a ea
Dicrocoelium insect
Diphyllobothrium fish
Enterobius Another man
Determine way of human infection by appropriate helminthiasis.
(each answer can be used once, more than once or not at all)
hymenolepiosis Faeco-orally transmitted infection

enterobiasis Faeco-orally transmitted infection
Taenia solium infection Alimentary infection (through meat)
Wuchereriosis Transmissive infection (by vector)
Ascariasis Faeco-orally transmitted infection
Trichinellosis Alimentary infection (through meat)
Cysticercosis Faeco-orally transmitted infection
Select major disease manifestation for each parasite.
Diphyllobothrium latum anemia because of vitamin B12 deficiency

Taenia solium neurological symptoms it in brain
Onchocerca volvulus- may cause blindness
Loa loa transient, subcutaneous swelling
Wuchereria bancrofti elephantiasis
Enterobius vermicularis perianal itching
Trichinella spiralis fever eyelid edema, acute muscle
Anemia can develop during some helminthoses, especially in the case of intensive invasion and in
children. What diseases are these?
1. Trichocephalosis
Medical biology
2. Trichinellosis
3. Dracunculiasis
4. Enterobiasis
5. Ancilostomose
6. Ascariasis
7. Diphyllobothriasis
8. Hymenolepiosis.
Analysis of smear preparations from perianal skin revealed eggs of some helminths. Such helmin can
cause
1. paragonimiasis
2. trichinellosis
3. Taenia saginata infection
4. dracunculus
5. enterobiasis
6. ascariasis
7. onchocerciasis
8. Taenia solium infection
Which material is used for helminthoses?
paragonimiasis sputum
schistosomiasis (S japonicum urea
ascaris (larval stage) sputum
ascanasis (adult stage) saliva
Taenia solium infection feces
trichinellosis muscles
brugiosis Blood
opisthorchiasis Feces
schistosomiasis (S. haematobium) urea
Medical biology
Autoinvasion by causative agent is possible in the case of such helminthoses:
1. metagonimiasis
2. Taenia saginata infection
3. alveococcosis
4. trichinellosis
5. diphyllobothriosis
6. enterobiasis
7. hymenolepiasis
8. ascariasis
9. Taenia solium infection
Determine which helminth is oviparous or viviparous.
Lancet fluke Oviparous

Nenophyetus salmincola oviparous
Trichinella Viviparous
Brugia malayi Viviparous
loa Viviparous
Fish tapeworm oviparous
Whipworm Oviparous
Guinea worm Viviparous
Determine the mode of invasion for each helminthosis
Taenia solium infection Undercooked pork is eaten

Trrichinellosis Undercooked pork is eaten
Taenia saginata infection Undercooked beef is eaten
Ascariasis Eggs are ingested from contaminated soil
Ancylostomosis Larvae invade the skin of the feet
Onchocercosis Larvae are transmitted by insect
Whipworm disease Eggs are ingested from contaminated soil
strongyloidosis Larvae invade the skin of the feet
Will be a hermit, enjoying a completely self sustained life by the edge of a lake with your sheepdog and
sheep. Which of the following Platyhelminthes are you most likely to contact?
1. Hymenolepis nana
2. Fasciola hepatica
3. Clonorchas sinensis
Medical biology
4. Paragonimus westermani
5. Echinococcus granulosus
6. Diphyliobothrum latum
7. Taenia solium
8. Taenia saginata
For each parasite given, select its most common body location in humans.
(each answer can be used once, more than once or not at all)
Schistosoma mansoni Intestinal veins

Clonorchis sinensis Liver
Trichuris trichiura Intestine
Trichinella spiralis Striated muscles
Echinococccus granulosus Liver
Strongyloides Intestine
Loa loa Eye
Nanaphyetus salmincola intestine
For each egg described, select the appropriate parasite
The egg has a large lateral spine Schistosoma mansoni

The agg has athick, mammillated wall Ascaris lumbricoides
The ovoid colorless egg is flattened on one side Enterobius vermicularis
The barrel-shaped egg has two polar plugs Trichus trichiura
Very small yellowish egg has an operculum Dicrocoelium dendriticum
The egg has a terminal spine Shistosoma haematobium
The egg has a small lateral spine Shistosoma japonicum
Larva of wohlfahrtia Parasite

Male mosquito Free-living organism
Female mosquito Parasite
Adult wohlfaria Free-living organism
Flea larva Free-living organism
Adult flea Parasite
Mosquito larva Free-living organism
Larva larva Parasite
Adult louse Parasite
Choose latin name for each arthropod.

Medical biology
Public louse Phthirus

Deer fly Chrysops
German cockroach Blattella
Sand fly Simulium
House fly Musca
Tsetse fly Glossina
Determine medical importance of each arthropod
Ornithodorus Is a vector of endermic relapsing fever

Bed bug Causes itchy wheals
German cockroach Is a vector of lymphatic filariasis
Mosquito Transmits pathogenic bacteria, protozoa, eggs of
helminthes
Human flea Is a vector of plague
Tsetse fly Is a vector of sleeping sickness
Kissing bug Is a vector of chagas disease
Body louse Is a vector of epidemic relapsing fever
Match each arthropod with the appropriate parasitic organism
Mosquito (culex spp.) Wuchereria bancrofti

Black fly (simulium spp.) Onchocerca volvulus
Mango fly (chrysops spp.) Loa loa
Crustacean (Cyclops spp.) Diphyllobothrium latum
Sand fly (phlebotomus spp.) Leishmania spp.
Tsetse fly (glossina spp.) Trypanosome b. rhodesiense
borrelia Ixodes
Plasmodium Anopheles
Leishmania Phlebotmus
Loa Chrstops
Trypanosome cruzi Triatoma
Medical biology
Yersinia Xenopsylia
Onchocerca Simulium
Trypanosome brucei Glossina
Structure of a coiled DNA molecule wrapped nucleosome

around proteins
Chemical that induces mitosis phytohaemagglutinin
Localized swelling of the polytene chromosome Puft
Protein complex to which spindle microtubules Kinetochore
attch
Chemical that is used to stain chromosomes Hemotoxylin
A genotype does not always express the Incomplete penetrance

expected phenotype
Condition in which many genes influence one Polygenic inheritance
trai
Degree to which a trait is expressed Expressivity
Nonheritable trait resembling s known genetic Phenocopy
trait
Condition in which obe gene influences many Pleiotropy
traits
Complementary base-pairing is the basis for such processes;
1. Transcription
2. Translation
3. Restriction
4. Reverse transcription
5. DNA repair
6. DNA replication
7. Ligation
Medical biology
Establish sequence of event s at which the lactose operons of Escherichia coli bacterium turns on;
Choose the number for each of the 7 statements to make the right sequence;
Note: Its already in the correct sequence
1. Intake of lactose into cell cytoplasm.

2. Formation of the inductor-repressor complex.
3. Transcription of structural genes.
4. Formation of polycistronic.
5. Synthesis of different peptides.
6. Release of the operon from repressor.
7. Cleavage of lactose.

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MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH OF UKRAINE

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE

for medical students

Physiology and Pathophysiology Department

© Compiling, translation, revision, and comments. O. Yu. Smirnov, 2017

CYTOLOGY AND CYTOGENETICS

is self-damage of cartilage cells through destruction of organoid

20. Abnormal biopolymers were revealed in cells of an organism

25. A specimen of an onion rootlet includes the cell in which the

than usual due to joining a part of the chromosome of the 21

interphase the post-synthetic period

63. What cell division leads to formation of diploid set of chromo-

76. The nuclei of cells were affected by a substance which de-

81. Karyotyping of healthy man cells is carried out. A small acro-

large number of metaphase plates appears; it indicates stopping

equal to the number of chromosomes. How many DNA molecules

nelles of 0.1–1.5 microns in size which are surrounded by one

years. At investigation of tumor cells, multipolar mitoses with

being formed around them, nucleoli are restored. At what phase

162. Human karyotype is studied at metaphase stage of mitosis.

+ Assist formation of open channels in membranes

180. The cell underwent influence of the ionizing radiation at defi-

+ chromosome disjunction to cell poles

zation. What are the organisms?

a cell to division. What structure was destroyed most likely?

5. Endemic goiter is widespread among Transcarpathian popula-

9. These mutations are not transferred to descendants at sexual

nism (c); existence of freckles (Р) dominates over their absence

29. Inclination to diabetes mellitus is provoked by the autosomal

phenotypically to the father if this disease is known to be reces-

ance of healthy progeny?

55. The monocellular parasite with a set of chromosomes 2n=24,

which are not linked and interact as additive polygenes. What

+ Duplications and deletions

relatives were healthy. What is the probability of manifestation of

86. The father of the pregnant woman has hemeralopia, which is

95. The molecule of hemoglobin consists of two chains and two

109. Hypoplasia of enamel is inherited as the dominant X-linked

does this disease illustrate?

regularity will their children have?

9. Sickle-cell anemia is caused by mutation of the gene that is re-

Methylation of purines occurs frequently

damaged during the interphase period of cellular cycle?

translation (protein synthesis)

There are codons, which do not code amino acid

triplets ranging from one to six. What do we call this property of

43. In a general view, the genetic apparatus of eukaryotes is

tion and therefore protein synthesis, were prescribed to the pa-

65. It is established that the molecule of pro-RNA consists of 9000

89. The sequence of amino acid residues in a polypeptide mole-

RNA transports amino acids to ribosomes?

um ions that are necessary for attachment of ribosomes to the

Interaction of terminator with the operator

called universal?" The correct answer should be as follows: "Be-

preceded by the synthesis of immature mRNA. What do we call

142. The man of 58 years underwent an operation concerning

147. Mature mRNA, in which molecule sense codons are revealed,

copying of matrix ribonucleic acid from DNA molecule

in the peptide. This result is caused by the following mutation: