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    Resistor Transistor Logic

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    RAJESHKUMAR S
    The document summarizes Resistor Transistor Logic (RTL) and Diode Transistor Logic (DTL), two early logic gate designs. RTL uses resistors and transistors, has low noise margin and fan out, and high propagation delay. DTL improves on RTL with diodes, providing better voltage separation and higher fan out, though it has more elements and lower speed. Both designs have advantages over each other, with tradeoffs in their properties.

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    Resistor Transistor Logic

    Uploaded by

    RAJESHKUMAR S
    221 views3 pages
    The document summarizes Resistor Transistor Logic (RTL) and Diode Transistor Logic (DTL), two early logic gate designs. RTL uses resistors and transistors, has low noise margin and fan out, and high propagation delay. DTL improves on RTL with diodes, providing better voltage separation and higher fan out, though it has more elements and lower speed. Both designs have advantages over each other, with tradeoffs in their properties.

    Original Description:

    Operation & Truth Table

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    The document summarizes Resistor Transistor Logic (RTL) and Diode Transistor Logic (DTL), two early logic gate designs. RTL uses resistors and transistors, has low noise margin and fan out, and high propagation delay. DTL improves on RTL with diodes, providing better voltage separation and higher fan out, though it has more elements and lower speed. Both designs have advantages over each other, with tradeoffs in their properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    221 views3 pages

    Resistor Transistor Logic

    Uploaded by

    RAJESHKUMAR S
    The document summarizes Resistor Transistor Logic (RTL) and Diode Transistor Logic (DTL), two early logic gate designs. RTL uses resistors and transistors, has low noise margin and fan out, and high propagation delay. DTL improves on RTL with diodes, providing better voltage separation and higher fan out, though it has more elements and lower speed. Both designs have advantages over each other, with tradeoffs in their properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Resistor Transistor Logic (RTL)

    The logic family that consists of resistors and transistors is called as


    resistor – transistor logic
    +5V

    Operation
    1. When the transistor operates in saturation region, maximum current
    flows through the resistor R3. The output voltage VQ is logic 0 level
    voltage.
    2. When the transistor operates in cut-off, no current flows through resistor
    R3 and the output voltage VQ = +5V; it is logic 1 level voltage.
    3. When both the inputs are in logic 0, transistors T 1 and T2 operates in cut-
    off region and the output is VQ = +5V (logic 1).
    4. When any one of the inputs is at logic 1 level, the corresponding
    transistor operates in saturation, and the output is VY = 0.2V (logic 0).
    5. When both the inputs are at logic 1 level, both the transistors operate in
    saturation and the output is VY = 0.2V (logic 0).

    VA VB Transistor T1 Transistor T2 VQ
    0 0 Cut-off Cut-off 1
    0 1 Cut-off Saturation 0
    1 0 Saturation Cut-off 0
    1 1 Saturation Saturation 0
    Operation of RTL NOR Gate
    VA VB VQ
    0 0 1
    0 1 0
    1 0 0
    1 1 0
    Operation of NoR Gate
    Drawbacks
    1. Low noise margin
    2. Fan out is poor
    3. Propagation delay is high and the speed of operation is low
    4. High power dissipation

    Diode Transistor Logic (DTL)


    A two-input DTL (diode-transistor logic) NAND gate is shown in Figure
    below

    It works like this. The diodes marked D1 and D2, together with resistor
    R1, form a two-input AND function. At the input to D3, logic 0 is represented
    by approximately 0.7 V, while logic 1 is in the range 4 to 5 V. D3 increases the
    voltage required to turn on the transistor. This gives a better separation between
    the voltage levels recognized as a logic 0 and logic 1.

    For the transistor to conduct, D3 must be turned on. This happens when
    the anode voltage reaches 1.4 V. If the voltage at the anode is much higher than
    this, the base will be driven to a high voltage. The transistor will be strongly
    turned on, with low resistance, and thus F will be discharged toward 0 V. If the
    anode is at a low voltage, the base will also be low. This keeps the transistor
    off (essentially infinite resistance), allowing the output node to reach a logic 1
    voltage level.

    Gates constructed in this circuit have a limit to the number of gate inputs
    to which their output can be connected. This is called fan-out. The pull-up
    resistor R2 is what limits the fan-out. The output F is at +Vcc as long as no
    current is being drawn from the power supply to charge electrical nodes to
    which F is connected. However, if F is connected to the A or B input of a
    similar gate, current is drawn through R2. The voltage at F is reduced according
    to Ohm's law. If there are too many connections drawing current, the voltage
    at F may be so reduced that it can no longer be recognized as logic 1. Thus, the
    number of fan-outs must be carefully limited in this kind of logic.

    Diode Diode Transistor Output


    A B
    (D1) (D2) (T) (F)
    0 0 Forward biased Forward biased Cut-off 1
    0 1 Forward biased Reverse biased Cut-off 1
    1 0 Reverse biased Forward biased Cut-off 1
    1 1 Reverse biased Reverse biased Saturation 0
    Operation of DTL NAND Gate

    A B F
    0 0 1
    0 1 1
    1 0 1
    1 1 0
    Operation of NAND Gate
    Advantages
    1. Fan out is high
    2. Power dissipation is 8 – 12 mW
    3. Noise immunity is good

    Disadvantages
    1. More elements are required
    2. Propagation delay is more.
    3. Speed of operation is less

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