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Tool Geometry - Problems

1) The document contains worked examples and additional problems related to tool geometry for single point cutting tools. 2) Key concepts covered include orthogonal rake, inclination angle, back rake, side rake, approach angle, and maximum rake. 3) Formulas are provided relating these geometry parameters and examples given of calculating various angles based on given information.

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Ijas Azad
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631 views14 pages

Tool Geometry - Problems

1) The document contains worked examples and additional problems related to tool geometry for single point cutting tools. 2) Key concepts covered include orthogonal rake, inclination angle, back rake, side rake, approach angle, and maximum rake. 3) Formulas are provided relating these geometry parameters and examples given of calculating various angles based on given information.

Uploaded by

Ijas Azad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tool Geometry - Problems

Geometry of Single Point Tools


Pb.: A cutting tool has been ground with a back
rake of 80 and side rake of 140. How much is
the orthogonal rake? How much is the
Worked out problems

inclination angle? Given side cutting edge


angle 150 ➔
Soln.:
given:
𝛾𝑦 = 80 𝛾𝑥 = 140 ∅𝑠 = 150
to find: ➔∅ = 750

𝛾𝑜 = ? λ=?
Geometry of Single Point Tools
Pb.: During machining of AISI-1040, a double
carbide tool of 00-100-60-60-80-750-1 mm
ORS shape has been used. What is the
Worked out problems

amount of back rake, side rake and back


clearance angles?
Soln.:
given: Tool signature in ORS is
λ, 𝛾𝑜 , 𝛼𝑜 , 𝛼𝑜′ , ∅1 , ∅, 𝑟 (𝑚𝑚)
⇒ λ = 00 𝛾𝑜 = 100 ∅ = 750
to find: 𝛾𝑦 = ? 𝛾𝑥 = ? 𝛼𝑦 = ?
Geometry of Single Point Tools
Pb.: The side and back clearance of a turning tool
are both 6 0, while the inclination angle is 50,
and the approach angle = 750. If the auxiliary
Worked out problems

flank clearance is taken as 80% of the


principal flank clearance, calculate the
auxiliary flank clearance.
Soln.:
given: 𝛼𝑦 = 𝛼𝑥 = 60 𝛼𝑜′ = 80%𝛼𝑜

to find: 𝛼𝑜′ = ?
Geometry of Single Point Tools
Pb.: In a turning operation, the approach angle is
600 and the back rake is 80. Calculate the
side rake so that the cutting can be
Worked out problems

considered as orthogonal.
Soln.:
Hint: Cutting is orthogonal ⇒ λ = 00

given: 𝛾𝑦 = 80 λ = 00 ∅ = 600
to find: 𝛾𝑥 = ?
Geometry of Single Point Tools
Pb. In an orthogonal cutting operation, the
orthogonal rake is 10 0, while the approach
:
angle is 600. Calculate the back rake and
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side rake. If the principal cutting edge angle


is changed to 900, how much are the back
and side rake be?
Soln.:
Hint: Cutting is orthogonal ⇒ λ = 00
given: 𝛾𝑜 = 100 λ = 00 ∅ = 600
to find: 1) 𝛾𝑦 = ? 𝛾𝑥 = ?
2) if ∅ = 900; 𝛾𝑦 = ? 𝛾𝑥 = ?
Fill in the Blanks
1) If λ = 00 ; ⇒ 𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛾𝑜
𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛾𝑥
0 ⇒ 𝛾
𝛾
2) If 𝑦 =0 ;
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0 ⇒ 𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛾𝑦
𝛾
3) If 𝑥 = 0 ;

4) If λ = 00 ; ⇒ 𝛾𝑁 = 𝛾𝑜

5) If λ = 00 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∅ = 900 ;
⇒ 𝛾𝑁 = 𝛾𝑜 = 𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛾𝑥
Geometry of Single Point Tools
Pb.: Determine the values of normal rake of the
turning tool whose geometry is designated in
ASA as: 100, -100, 80, 60, 150, 300, 0 (inch)
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Soln.:
given: Tool Signature in ASA is
𝛾𝑦 , 𝛾𝑥 , 𝛼𝑦 , 𝛼𝑥 , ∅𝑒 , ∅𝑠 , 𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
⇒ 𝛾𝑦 = 100 𝛾𝑥 = −100 ∅𝑠 = 300
to find: 𝛾𝑁 = ?
Geometry of Single Point Tools
Pb.: Determine the value of side clearance
of the turning tool whose geometry is
Worked out problems

specified in ORS as:


00, -100, 80, 60, 200, 600, 0 (mm)
Soln.:
given: Tool signature in ORS is
λ, 𝛾𝑜 , 𝛼𝑜 , 𝛼𝑜′ , ∅1 , ∅, 𝑟 (𝑚𝑚)
⇒ λ = 00 𝛼𝑜 = 80 ∅ = 600
to find: 𝛼𝑥 = ?
Additional Problems
1) During machining of C-40 steel, a double
carbide tool of 00 – 100 – 60 – 60 – 80 – 750 – 1
Assignment problems

mm ORS geometry was used. Calculate back


rake, side rake, back and side clearances. Also
find the normal rake and normal clearance.

2) Calculate the inclination angle and orthogonal


rake angle when side rake, back rake and
approach angle (side cutting edge angle) are
100, 80 and 150 respectively.
Geometry of Single Point Tools
3) Calculate (a) back rake, (b) side rake and
(c) normal rake for a cutting tool having an
Assignment problems

inclination angle of 50 and an orthogonal


rake of 120 with an approach angle of 150.
Sketch the above geometries of the tool.

4) Calculate (a) orthogonal rake, (b) inclination


angle and (c) normal rake of a cutting tool
having side rake of -100, back rake of -50
and approach angle (side cutting edge
angle) of 300. Sketch the above geometries
of the tool.
Geometry of Single Point Tools
5) A metal cutting test result indicates that for a
given operation, the optimum normal rake
should be 100. For convenience of chip flow,
Assignment problems

an inclination angle of 50 is recommended.


What is the back rake and side rake of this
tool, if the principal cutting edge angle is 600?
Also find the maximum rake.

6) Prove that, when inclination angle = 00;


tan 𝛾𝑦
tan ∅𝑠 =
tan 𝛾𝑥
Geometry of Single Point Tools
7) For a lathe cutting tool with the following
geometry, calculate the angle of inclination
Assignment problems

and maximum rake: side rake (-50), back


rake (50) and side cutting edge angle (100).

8) Determine the normal rake and inclination


angle for a tool with signature 150, 100, 60,
100, 150, 150, 1 mm. Also find maximum
rake angle.
References

• Metal Cutting Principles, M.C. Shaw, Oxford


University Press
• Machining & Machine Tools,
AB Chattopadhyay, Wiley
• Principles of Metal Cutting, GC Sen and A
Bhattacharya, New Central Book Agency
• Principles of Metal Cutting, G Kuppuswamy,
Universities Press

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