IV B.Tech.

IV B.Tech.
- I Semester
(16BT70202) SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION
Int. Marks Ext. Marks Total Marks L T P C
30 70 100 3 1 -- 3
PREREQUISITES: Courses on Transformers and Induction Ma-

chines, Synchronous Machines and Transmission & Distribution.
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Overview of protection schemes; Fuses and circuit breakers;
Electromagnetic, static and microprocessor based relays; Pro-
tection schemes for various components under various operat-
ing conditions; Neutral grounding.
COURSE OUTCOMES: On successful completion of the course,

students will be able to
CO1. demonstrate knowledge on
• operation of various protective devices and schemes.
• protection principles for power system components.
• neutral grounding.
CO2. analyzedifferent protective devices and protection sch-
emes under various operating conditions.
CO3. designproper protection scheme for different power sys
tem components.
CO4. evaluateoperating parameters and settings of protec
tive devices in different protection schemes to provide
feasible solutions.
CO5. select and apply appropriate protective device and
scheme for different scenarios.
CO6. apply various grounding methods for safety of power
system components and personnel.
DETAILED SYLLABUS:
UNIT-I: RELAYS (11 periods)
Electromagnetic relays: Introduction, types of relays, con-
struction, operation and torque equation of induction type re-
lays, differential relays and biased differential relays. Charac-
teristics of over current, directional and distance relays (R-X).
Static relays: Advantages and disadvantages, block diagram
of a basic static relay, definite time, inverse and inverse defi-
nite minimum time (IDMT) static relays. Comparators - ampli-
tude and phase comparators.
Microprocessor based relays: Advantages and disadvantages,
block diagram with flow chart - distance relays and over cur-
rent relays - definite, inverse & IDMT.
UNIT-II: FUSES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS (09 periods)

Fuses - types of fuses & characteristics. Circuit breakers -
SVEC16 - B.TECH - ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 180
elementary principles of arc interruption, recovery voltage, re-
striking voltage, RRV, average and maximum rate of rise of re-
striking voltage, current chopping and resistance switching.
Construction and principle of operation - minimum oil circuit
breaker, air blast circuit breaker, vacuum circuit breaker and
SF6 circuit breaker. Isolators.
UNIT-III: PROTECTION OF GENERATORS AND TRANSFORM-
ERS (08 periods)
Protection of generators: Differential protection, restricted
earth fault protection and inter turn fault protection, rotor fault
protection, calculation of percentage winding unprotected.
Transformer protection: Differential protection, percentage
differential protection, design of CT's ratio. Protection against
internal faults - buchholtz relay.
UNIT-IV: PROTECTION OF FEEDERS AND TRANSMISSION
LINES (10 periods)
Protection of transmission lines: Three-zone distance pro-
tection using distance relays, carrier current protection using
over current relays.
Protection of feeders: Protection of radial and ring main feed-
ers using over current relays. Protection of bus bars.
Protection against Over Voltages: Causes of over voltages
in power systems, protection against lightning over voltages -
non-linear (valve type) and metal oxide (zinc-oxide) surge ar-
resters, surge absorbers. Insulation coordination, basic impulse
insulation level (BIIL).
UNIT-V: NEUTRAL GROUNDING (07 periods)
Grounded and ungrounded systems.Effects of ungrounded neu-
tral on system performance. Methods of neutral grounding -
solid, resistance, reactance, arc suppression coil (Peterson coil),
grounding practices.
Total Periods: 45
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Sunil S. Rao, Switchgear Protection and Power Systems
(Theory, practice and Solved Problems), Khanna Publishers,
New Delhi, 13th edition, 2013.
2. Badri Ram, D. N. Viswakarma, Power system Protection and
Switchgear, Mc Graw Hill education (India) Private Limited,
New Delhi, 2nd edition, 2011.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. C. L. Wadhwa, Electrical Power systems, New Age Interna-
tional (P) Limited, Publishers, New Delhi, 5th edition, 2009.
2. T. S. Madhava Rao, Power System Protection: Static Relays
with Microprocessor Applications, Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publish-
ing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2nd edition, 2004.
SVEC16 - B.TECH - ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 181

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PREREQUISITES: Courses on Transformers and Induction Ma-

COURSE OUTCOMES: On successful completion of the course,

UNIT-II: FUSES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS (09 periods)

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