Div. - T.E. “Mechanical” Roll. No.

- 87
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 2015 Course

A
SEMINAR
ON

“BS-6 Engines and Norms”

Submitted By:
Mr. Pravin Ashok Patekar
Exam. Seat No.- T150090928

In partial fulfillment of
Third Year Mechanical Engineering

Under the Guidance of

Prof. M. M. Bidwe
Department Of Mechanical Engineering

Dr. Vithalrao VikhePatil College of Engineering,

Ahmednagar.
[2020-21]
 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 2015 Course

DR. VITHALRAO VIKHE PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AHMEDNAGAR.

DEP DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Pravin A. Patekar

has successfully completed the seminar work entitled “BS-6

Engines And Norms”under my Supervision in the partial
fulfillment of Bachelor of Engineering – Mechanical
Engineering of Savitribai Phule Pune University, during
academic year 2020-21
Date:

Place:

Prof. M. M. Bidwe Dr. K. B. Kale

(Seminar Guide) (H.O.D.)

(External Examiner) Dr. U. P. Naik

(Principal)
 Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 2015 Course

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Every orientation work has imprint of many people and this work is no different.This work
gives me an opportunity to express deep gratitude for the same.

While preparing seminar work received endless help from number of people.This report
would be incomplete if I dont convey my sincere thanks to all those who were involved.

First and foremost I would like to thank my respected guide Prof. M. M. Bidwe & Dr. K.
B. Kale (H.O.D., Department of Mechanical Engineering) for giving me an opportunity to
present this seminar and his indispensable support, priceless suggestions and valuable time.

Finally, I wish to thank my friends and my family for being supportive, without whom this
seminar would not have seen the light of day.

Every work is an outcome of full-proof planning, continuous hard work and Organized
effort.This work is a combination of all the three put together sincerely.

Mr. Pravin A. Patekar

(T.E.Mechanical)
Exam. Seat No.- T150090928
 Bharat stage VI emission norms are the sixth stage for vehicular emissions in
India. The BS-VI emission norms are much needed for a country such as India to
keep the pollution in check. BS-VI norms are stricter and more restrictive in terms
of BS-IV norms allowing for cleaner air and also less pollution in the process. The
new BSVI emission norms would require both the automobile sectors as well as oil
companies to make advancements and changes to their respective products. For
the best results and for the better performance of the car the BSVI based engines
will have to run on BSVI fuel.
The new generation modern engines which are running on low-quality fuels will
emit more toxic gases compared to that generated by the BSIV engines. The modern
age engine blueprints usually require low Sulphur content to maintain a strong
performance. This research aims at comprehending information on a new
perspective of understanding the concept and how helpful it will be in understanding
the shift from BHARAT STAGE IV TO VI for various stakeholders. Followed by
strategies adopted by top five Indian based car manufactures..
Content .
Acknowledgement
3
Abstract
4
List of Tables List of
5
List of figures
6
INTRODUCTION 7

BS6 engine & fuel 8

What is Bs4 (BSlV) 9

What is bs6 (BSVl) 10
Different between bs4 & bs6
11
Emission norms
12
-Bs6 engine specifications 18

List of bs6 car& bikes in available in

21
india 2020

Conclusion
23
Reference 24
No.
1 emission standards of years . 16
bs4 diesel specifications . 18
bs6 diesel specifications . 18
3 emission Composition 19
The quality of air has always been an issue of concern worldwide in the milieu of
growing vehicular air pollution [1].
While pollution can usually occur from various sources, the pollution which is usually
caused by vehicles and their exhaust system is usually very harmful and is
considered a significant source of pollution and proper measures have to be set in
place in order to curb vehicular pollution [2].
So, the Bharat stage emission standards and the basic emission standards issued by
the Indian Government regulates and control the air pollution that is caused by
exhaust of vehicles and Internal combustion engines these standards are usually set
by the central pollution control board. The standards are based on regulations set by
European countries and was first introduced to the world in 2000. The Bharat Stage
IV emissions norms have been in place since April 2010, and it had been sanctioned
for the entire country in April 2017.In the year 2016 the Government of India
announced that the country would skip Bharat stage V norms altogether and would
implement the BS-VI by 2020 [3].
The recent rule passed by the supreme court said that they would ban the sale and
registration of the motor vehicles that are integrated with the BS-IV emission norms
in the whole country by April 1st 2020. Primary Sources of Pollutants and Its Effects
on Human Health are mainly because of internal combustion engines (ICEs) which
are mainly notorious for the production of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide (CO2),
oxides of nitrogen and Hydrocarbons. Particulate matter (PM), or carbon soot, is
another by-product of diesel as well as direct-injection petrol engines currently
emitted by BS-IV vehicles [4].
BS6 diesel engines are designed with very sophisticated electronics like a re-
developed exhaust system, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Selective Catalytic
Reduction (SCR). The high sulphur content in BS4 diesel will increase the
emission drastically and cause serious damage to the fuel delivery system.

Most of the cities in India have started selling and implementing BS-VI fuels
so the customers who are owners of the older generation cars that is the cars
that conform to Bharat stage IV standards can choose to opt for BS-VI fuel at
the petrol stations. This will produce a different result that is there is a direct
interrelationship between the sulphur content that is present in the fuel and the
emission produced by it in simple words the lesser the sulphur in the fuel the
vehicle will emit lesser particulate matter (PM) which translates into cleaner
combustion in the process [5]. Petrol usually has less sulphur content in it, so
it usually emits lesser carbon monoxide, NOx and other toxic hydrocarbons.
Recent studies also suggest that a BSIV compatible vehicle along with BSVI fuel
can reduce the particulate matter (PM) emissions into half [6]. A reduction in the
sulphur content in the fuel can bring down the quality and energy content in the
fuel and also bring down the efficiency in the process [7]. ULSD fuels could also
reduce the efficiency of the fuel due to low sulphur content but most of these
fuels are spiked with additives to address

Environment

The place we live in that is our natural habitat is becoming a less

friendly place to undertake lifestyle activities. Air pollution is a
huge problem faced by our country, and proper measures have to be
put in place to curb air pollution. So, the Indian government had
decided to implement a more comprehensive emission standard
that is the shift from BSIV norms to BSVI emission norms. The
BSVI emission standards are equivalent to Euro-VI Norms which is in
place in most of the European countries the government is in the
process to develop vehicles with the latest technology to make
sure the vehicles emit fewer pollutants in the air and also
contemplating towards improving the air quality in the metropolitan
cities as well
What is BS4 (BSIV) ?

Before we understand about BS6 emission or BS6 compliant engine, let’s

understand the current BS4 (BSIV) emission norms, engine, performance,
and its significance.

The BSES, which is the governing organization for emissions from all
types of vehicles in the country, introduced the first emission norms with
the name ‘India 2000’ in the year 2000. BS2 and BS3 were introduced in
2005 and 2010, while BS4 norms came into effect in 2017 with stricter
emission standards or norms.

Among the regulations set by the governing body, emission-related

changes included tailpipe emissions, Electronic Control Unit (ECU),
ignition control, etc. The most visible change was the AHO (Automatic
Headlamp On), this is one of the norms under the BS4 which catered to
the safety aspect of the new emission standards.
What is BS6 (BSVI)?

The governing body, Bharat Stage Emission Standards (BSES),

regulates the output of pollutants from vehicles plying in the country.
The Central Pollution Control Board which falls under the Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change sets the standards to
regulate emissions from vehicles in India.

The first emission standard or norm, introduced in the year 2000, was
known as ‘India 2000’ and later, BS2 and BS3 were introduced in 2005
and 2010, respectively. While the first three emission norms were
introduced at regular intervals, BS4 was introduced in 2017, after a gap
of seven years.

The BS6 emission standard is the sixth iteration of the emission norm
and comparatively, it’s a substantial leap in terms of reducing pollution
compared to the outgoing BS4. This is also because the BS5 (BSV) has
been skipped in an effort to move to better emission norms.
Difference Between BS4 (BSIV) and
BS6 (BSVI):
A vital difference between BS6 and the outgoing BS4 fuel is that the BS6
fuel contains 5 times fewer sulphur traces (10 parts per million) compared
to BS4 (50 ppm). NOx (Nitrogen Oxide) level will be brought down by a
staggering 70% for Diesel engine and 25% for Petrol Engines.
Both BSIV and BSVI are emission norms that set the maximum permissible
levels for pollutants emitting from a car or a two-wheeler exhaust.
Compared to the BS4, BS6 emission standards are stricter. While
manufacturers use this change to update their vehicles with new features
and safety standards, the biggest or the significant change comes in the
form of stricter permissible emission norms.

Pollution Emission Norms (BS4 Vs. BS6):

For a cleaner environment and to address the growing concerns
about global warming, the Indian government has fast-
forwarded the BS6 pollution norms to 1 April 2020. Hence, the
jump from BS4 to BS6 instead of moving to BS5 and then to BS6.
Below are the differences between pollution norms between
BSIV and BSVI:

BSVI or BS6 is the sixth emission benchmark or criterion in

reducing pollution levels when compared to the BSIV or BS4
emission norms. Both are the maximum emission norms which
set the maximum pollution from the exhaust of the motor
vehicle
While the BS4 emission norms allow a motor vehicle to emit not
more than 80mg/km of NO2 (nitrogen oxides), the BS6 emission
norms have reduced it to 60mg/km. The Particulate Matter (PM)
for petrol vehicles has been restricted to 4.5mg/km in the BS6
emission regime.

With the BSVI norms, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and

Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) were included to assess the
emission levels of the BS6 motor vehicle; however, this was not
part of the emission norms set on BS4

Fig.no.1 Catalytic reduction (SCR)

Fig.no.2 catalytic
What are BSI, BSII, BSIII, BSIV and BSVI
Emission Norms?
These are emission standards set by the governing body Bharat
Safety Emission Standard (BSEB) to regulate the output of
pollutants from vehicles plying on the road. The Central Pollution
Control Board, under the Ministry of Environment and Forest and
Climate Change, sets the permissible pollution levels and
timeline to implement the same by vehicle manufacturers

The abbreviation of ‘BS’ is Bharat Stage and is suffixed with the

iteration of the particular emission norms. The Indian emissions
standards are based on the lines of European norms commonly
known as EURO 2, EURO 3, and so on. The first regulations with
the moniker India 2000 were introduced in 2000, with the second
and third iteration introduced in 2001 and 2005 with the moniker
BSII (BS2) and BSIII (BS3), respectively.

The fourth iteration BSIV or BS4 was introduced in 2017 and

the delay between the introduction of BS3 and BS4 resulted in
fast-tracking the BSVI or BS6 emission instead of BSV or BS5
norms. Each of these emission norms has stricter emission
standards compared to its predecessors.
Why they skip from BS4 to BS6 and not BS5 .

The first emission norm was introduced in 2000, while the second
and third iteration was introduced in 2005 and 2010. The BS4 was
implemented in 2017, the big gap prompted the government to skip
BS5 and jump to BS6 in an effort to reduce pollution in the country.

No new BS4 vehicles will be manufactured or registered by the RTO

after 1st April 2020 when the BS6 emission norms are implemented.
However, existing BS4 vehicles will be allowed to run on public
roads. Currently, there is no deadline set for BS4 vehicles to stop
playing on public roads..

Impact of BS6 on CNG Cars:

Vehicle manufacturers will have to make minor changes or
modifications to their diesel and petrol engines for the usage of
CNG on BS6 vehicles. It’s only a matter of time before
manufacturers start offering CNG compliant BS6 engines in the
country. CNG powered BS6 cars or vehicles could be a stop-gap
arrangement before the era of electric and hybrid vehicles are
sold in the country.
 Table no.1 emission standards of years

How Do BS6 (BSVI) Diesel Engines Work :

The Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit converts nitrogen
oxide (NOx) into diatomic nitrogen and water (both are
harmless products) with the help of a catalyst. The SCR unit
uses AdBlue or diesel exhaust fluid to reduce NOx emissions.
This fluid is made up of two parts – urea and deionized water.
When exhaust gases come in contact with the AdBlue fluid,
urea is converted to ammonia and carbon dioxide and in turn,
the ammonia converts NOx into nitrogen and water vapour,
thereby reducing pollutants.
Why are there no Light switch on BS6
Bikes?
All two-wheelers, including motorcycles and scooters that
were manufactured from 1 April 2020 featured the Automatic
Headlamp On (AHO). As the moniker suggests, all two-
wheelers are required to have the headlights on at all times. In
compliance with the BS6 norms, all new two-wheelers will not
have a light switch for the headlight, since it needs to be
always on. However, the pass and the low and high beam light
switch were kept untouched.

The reason behind the introduction of AHO was keeping

both the rider’s and pedestrian’s safety. The light remains on
during the day as well, which makes it visible to passersby

17
BS6 engine specifications

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Emission composition

Fuel Type Pollutant Gases BS6 (BSVI) BS4 (BSIV)

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Limit < 60mg> <80mg >

Petrol Passenger Vehicle
Particulate Matter (PM) Limit <4.5mg/km

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Limit < 80mg> <250mg >

Diesel Passenger VeI1icle Particulate Matter (PM) Limit <4.5mg/km < 25mg >

HC + NOx 17Omg/km < 3OOmg>

** l*9***l BS4” [rngikmj

NOx-26O DIESEL CO — 833 GASOLINE
PM —25 HC — 83

NOx — 6E CO — 20 %›
PM — 62 ". Hc - g.5 %

[nag.• km]

BS4 to BS6 : (Both PM and NOx re duction together)

First country to skip an emission standard (BS-V)
What’s next after BS6?
Currently, there are no new emission norms has been set by
the governing body. However, there may be a second version
of the BS6 which will include Real Driving Emissions (RDE)
cycle. As per this law, the Automotive Research Association
of India (ARAI) will test new vehicles in real-world conditions
to ascertain the level of pollution. Currently, the test is done in
a controlled environment.

Why the skip from BS4 to BS6 and not

BS5?
The first emission norm was introduced in 2000, while the
second and third iteration was introduced in 2005 and 2010.
The BS4 was implemented in 2017, the big gap prompted the
government to skip BS5 and jump to BS6 in an effort to
reduce pollution in the country.

What is the difference between a

Euro 6 and a BS6 engine?
The emission limits for both the Euro 6 and BS6 engine are
numerically equivalent, although it could be slightly tweaked
to Indian standards.
List of Bs6 cars available in India 2020
The government has mandated that all vehicles manufactured
and sold after 1 April 2020 should be BS6 compliant. Car
manufacturers have launched BS6 cars in India. Below is the list
of BS6 cars in India that are currently on sale in the market:

BS6 Sedan Cars: BS6 Hatchback Cars:

1. Maruti Suzuki Alto 800
1. Maruti Suzuki Ciaz 2. Maruti Suzuki Swift , Wagon
2. Hyundai Elantra 3. Toyota Glanza
3. Mercedes-Benz E-Class 4. Hyundai Grand i10
4. Tata Tigor 5. Hyundai Elite i20
5. Honda City 6.
Honda Civic Tata Altroz
6. 7. Tata Tiago
7. Toyota 8.
Volkswagen Vento Volkswagen Polo
8.
9. BMW 3 Series
10. BMW 5 Series
11. Audi A6
12. Audi A8 L
13. Jaguar XE

BS6 SUVs
1. Maruti Suzuki Brezza
2. Ford Endeavour
3. Tata Nexon
4. Hyundai Venue
5. Hyundai Creta
6. Mahindra XUV300
7. Renault Duster
List of BS6 Two-Wheelers/Scooters in 2020

Hero HF
Hero Glamour
Hero Splendor Plus
Hero Super Splendor
Honda CB Shine
Honda SP 125
Honda Unicorn
Yamaha FZ
Jawa 42
Bajaj Pulsar NS160
Bajaj Avenger Street 160
Bajaj Avenger Cruise 220
TVS Apache RTR 160
Royal Enfield Classic 350
Royal Enfield Himalayan

Honda Activa 125

Honda Activa 6G
TVS Jupiter
Suzuki Access 125
Honda Dio
 Conclusion
The newly introduced BS-VI norms are going to bring a
radical change in the Indian automobile sector industry.
India will also get low emission producing and more fuel-
efficient vehicles soon. Diesel engines will be more
expensive as compared to that of petrol engines because
they need more adjustment and after-treatments in order to
stay clean. So, this will make sure to attract the original
equipment manufacturers (OEM) towards hybrid fuels and
another environment friendly alternative technology solution
providing companies are also going to benefit a lot from the
transition. In case of fuel specifications in terms of BSVI the
main understanding is that the consequence of the fuel
effects on the emission of controlled air pollutants has
reduced because of the recent advancements in the engine-
after treatment technologies. The modern age engines
usually require very low sulphur content in the fuel in order
to maintain a strong performance during their need. The
efforts put in for the transition from BSIV to BSVI can
incredibly help in the reduction of air pollution fromautomobiles.
This will bring a substantial enhancement in
the air quality of highly populated cities as exhaust emission
from vehicles are the primary source of air pollution in
cities. The researchers could find out more on the strategies
adopted by the foreign car manufacturers in order to cope up
with the transition from BSIV to BSVI. Researchers can
further investigate on the sale strategies adopted by top car
manufacturers in order to sell their BSIV compliant vehicles
existing in their inventory.
References

Bharat stage emission standards", En.wikipedia.org, 2019.

Clearing the air on BSVI", Autocar India, 2019. [Online]. Available:

Mahindra BSVI diesel engine strategy revealed", Autocar India,

2019
Worldwide Fuel Charter 2019 - Gasoline and Diesel Fuel | ACEA -
European Automobile Manufacturers' Association", Acea.be, 2019.

"Ashok Leyland Becomes First CV Manufacturer With BS-

VI Certification for Its Heavy Trucks Range", www.drivespark.com,
2019.