S K Mondal's

5. Calculus
EC All GATE Questions

2. As x is increased from – ∞ to ∞ , the function [EC: GATE-2006]

ex
f(x) =
1 + ex
(a) Monotonically increases
(b) Monotonically decreases
(c) Increases to a maximum value and then decreases
(d) Decreases to a minimum value and then increases

2. (a)
ex
f ′(x) = > 0, ∀x ∈ ( −∞, ∞ )
(1 + ex )2

3. A function is given by f(t) = sin2 t + cos 2t. Which of the following is true?
[EC: GATE-2009]
1
(a) f has frequency components at 0 and Hz.
2π
1
(b) f has frequency components at 0 and Hz.
π
1 1
(c) f has frequency components at and Hz .
2π π

0,1 1
(d) f has frequency components at and Hz .
2π π

3. Ans.(a)
f(t) = sin2t + cos2t
(i) f(t) = sin2t + 1 – 2 sin2t
= 1 – sin 2t
= cos2 t
1
Hence have frequency components
2π
1 − cos 2 t
(ii) f(t) = + cos 2 t
2
1 + cos 2 t
=
2

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= cos2t

⎛θ⎞
sin ⎜ ⎟
4. lim ⎝ 2 ⎠ is [EC: GATE-2007]
θ→0 θ
(a) 0.5 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) not defined

4. (a)
sin( θ / 2) sin( θ / 2) 1 1
lim = lim . =
θ→0 θ θ→0 θ/2 2 2

ME 20 Years GATE Questions

dy
5 Following are the values of a function y(x) : y(-1) = 5, y(0), y(1) = 8 at x = 0 as per Newton’s central
dx
difference scheme is: [ME: GATE-1999]
(a) 0 (b) 1.5 (c) 2.0 (d) 3.0

5. Ans.(b)
⎛ dy ⎞ y − y1 y(1) − y( −1) 8 − 5
⎜ dx ⎟ = 2 = = = 1.5
⎝ ⎠at x=0 x 2 − x1 1 − ( −1) 2

6. If , y = x+ x + x + x + ...∞, then y (2)= [ME: GATE-2007]

(a) 4 or 1 (b) 4 only (c) 1 only (d) Undefined

6. Ans. (b)
Given y=x+ x + x + x + ...∞ or, (y-x)= x + x + x + ...∞
Square both side, we get
(y-x)2 = x + y=x+ x + x + ...∞ (y-x)2 = y
y 2 − 2x + 1)y + x 2 = 0 put x=2
∴ y − 5y + 4 = 0
2
(y-4)(y-1)=0 ∴ y=1 or 4
But is always greater than x. Hence y = 4 only

⎡ sin x ⎤
7. The value of ⎢Lim is [ME: GATE-1994]
⎣ x →∞ x ⎥⎦
(a) ∞ (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0

7.(c)

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1 sin x sin1 / y
Put x = . Then lim = lim =1
z x →∞ x y →0 1/ y

⎡ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞⎤
The value of ⎢Lim ⎜ − is
tan x ⎟⎠ ⎥⎦
8. [ME: GATE-1994]
x →∞ ⎝ sin x
⎣
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) ∞

8.(d)

⎛ 1 1 ⎞
lim ⎜ −
x →∞ sin x
⎝ tan x ⎟⎠
x
2 sin2
⎛ 1 − cos x ⎞ 2 = lim tan x = ∞
= lim ⎜ ⎟ = lim
x →∞
⎝ sin x ⎠ x →∞ x x x→∞ 2
2 sin cos
2 2

9. The function f(x) = |x+1| on the interval [-2, 0] [ME: GATE-1995]

(a) Continuous and differentiable
(b) Continuous on the integral but not differentiable at all points
(c) Neither continuous nor differentiable
(d) Differentiable but not continuous
9. (b)
f (x) = x + 1
f is continuous in [ −2,0]
but not differentiable at
x = −1 because we can draw
infinite number of tangents at x = −1

-2 -1 0 1 2

x 3 − cos x
10. lim equal [ME: GATE-1995]
x →∞ x 2 + (sin x)2

(a) ∞ (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) Does not exist

10. Ans. (a)

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cos x and sin x are finite whatever x may be

x 3 − cos x x3
∴ lim 2 = lim = ∞.
x →∞ x + (sin x)2 x →∞ x 2

11. If y=|x| for x<0 and y=x for x ≥ 0, then [ME: GATE-1997]
dy
(a) is discontinuous at x = 0 (b) y is discontinuous at x = 0
dx
dy
(c) y is not defend at x = 0 (d) Both y and are discontinuous at x = 0
dx

11. (b)

12. Lt (x 2 -1)/(x-1) is [ME: GATE-2000]

x →1
(a) ∞ (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 1

12. (c)

x2 − 1
lim = lim( x + 1) = 2
x →1 x −1 x →1

13. What is the derivative of f(x) = |x| at x = 0? [ME: GATE-2001]

(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) Does not exist

13. (d)
f (x) = x .
y

y=x

(0,0)
At x = 0, we can draw infinitely many tangents at x=0.So limit does not exists.

14. Which of the following functions is not differentiable in the domain [-1,1]?
[ME: GATE-2002]
(a) f(x) = x2 (b) f(x) = x-1 (c) f(x) = 2 (d) f(x) = Maximum (x,-x)

14. Ans.(a)

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 S K Mondal's

Sin2 x
15. Lt is equal to [ME: GATE-2003]
x →0 x
(a) 0 (b) ∞ (c) 1 (d) -1

15. (c)
2 2
sin 2 x ⎛ sin x ⎞ ⎛ sin x ⎞
lim = lim ⎜ ⎟ .x = ⎜ lim ⎟ .lim x
x →0 x x →0
⎝ x ⎠ ⎝ x →0 x ⎠ x →0
= 1.0 = 1

2 x2 − 7 x + 3
16. If f(x)= , then lim f(x) will be [ME: GATE-2006]
5 x 2 − 12 x − 9 x →3

(a) – 1/3 (b) 5/18 (c) 0 (d) 2/5

16. (b)
2x 2 − 7x + 3 ⎡ 0 ⎤
lim form ⎥
x →3 5x 2 − 12x − 9 ⎢ 0
⎣ ⎦
4x − 7
lim ⎡use L' Hospital rule⎤⎦
x →3 10x − 12 ⎣

4.3 − 7
10.3 − 12
5
=
18

⎛ x2 ⎞
e x − ⎜1 + x + ⎟
17. lim ⎝ 2⎠
= [ME: GATE-2007]
x →0 3
x
(a) 0 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/3 (d) 1

17. (b)
⎛ x2 ⎞ x2 x3 x4 ⎛ x2 ⎞
ex − ⎜1 + x + ⎟ 1+x + + + + ........... − ⎜1 + x + ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2! 3! 4 ! ⎝ 2 ⎠
lim 3
= lim 3
x →0 x x → 0 x
1 x
+
lim 3! 4! (negelecting higher order term)
= x→o 1
1
=
6

x1/3 − 2
18. The Value of lim [ME: GATE-2008]
x →8 ( x − 8)

1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
16 12 8 4

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1 1
x3 − 2 x3 − 2 1 1
18.(d) lim = lim 1
= lim 2/3 1/3
=
x →8 x − 8 x →8 x →8 x + 2x + 4 4
(x − 2)(x 2/3 + 2x1/3 + 4)
3

19. The function Y=| 2-3x | [ME: GATE-2010]

(a) is continuous ∀ x ∈ R and differentiable ∀x∈R
(b) is continuous ∀ x ∈ R and differentiable ∀ x ∈ R except at x = 3/2
(c) is continuous ∀ x ∈ R and differentiable ∀ x ∈ R except at x = 2/3
(d) is continuous ∀ x ∈ R except at x = 3 and differentiable ∀ x ∈ R

19 (c)
same as 9.

CE 10 Years GATE Questions

Q27. What should be the value of λ such that the function defined below is continuous at x =
π/22?
⎧ λ cos x
⎪ π if x ≠ π
⎪ 2
f ( x) ⎨ 2 − x
⎪
⎪⎩1 if x = π
2
(a) 0 (b) 2 / π (c) 1 (d) π / 2 [CE-2011]
Ans. (c)
Exp. By the given condition
lim f ( x ) = f π
x→ π
2
( )
2
λ cos x
⇒ lim =1 … (1)
x→π
(
2 π
2 )
−x
λ cos x ⎡ 0 ⎤
Now, lim ⎢ 0 form ⎥ … (2)
x→ π
2
π −x ⎣ ⎦
2
−λ sin x
= lim [use L’Hospital Rule]
x→ π
2 −1
=λ
From (1), λ = 1
20. Given that one root of the equation x3 – 10x2 + 31x – 30 = 0 is 5, the other two roots are
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 3 and 4 (d) – 2 and –3 [CE: GATE – 2007]

20. (a)
Given x3 − 10x 2 + 31x − 30 = 0......(i) and x = 5 is one root of (i)

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 S K Mondal's

∴ (x − 5) is a factor of (i)
∴ x 3 − 10x 2 + 31x − 30 = 0
⇒ x 3 − 5x 2 − 5x 2 + 25x + 6x − 30 = 0
⇒ x 2 (x − 5) − 5x(x − 5) + 6(x − 5) = 0
⇒ (x − 5)(x 2 − 5x + 6) = 0
⇒ x = 5,3,2.

x3 + x 2
21. The value of the function f(x) = lim is [CE: GATE – 2004]
x →0 2 x3 − 7 x 2
1
(a) 0 (b) −
7
1
(c) (d) ∞
7

21. (b)
x3 + x 2 x +1 1
lim 3 2
= lim =−
x →0 2x − 7x x → 0 2x − 7 7

⎡2 ⎤
sin ⎢ x ⎥
22. The lim ⎣ 3 ⎦ is [CE: GATE – 2010]
x →0 x
2 3
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) ∞
3 2

22. (a)
sin x
H int s : − lim =1
x →0 x

IE All GATE Questions

24. If , y = x+ x + x + x + ...∞, then y (2)= [ME: GATE-2007]

(a) 4 or 1 (b) 4 only (c) 1 only (d) Undefined

24. Ans. (b)

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 S K Mondal's

Given y=x+ x + x + x + ...∞ or, (y-x)= x + x + x + ...∞

Square both side, we get
(y-x)2 = x + y=x+ x + x + ...∞ (y-x)2 = y
y 2 − 2x + 1)y + x 2 = 0 put x=2
∴ y 2 − 5y + 4 = 0 (y-4)(y-1)=0 ∴ y=1 or 4
But is always greater than x. Hence y = 4 only

26. Consider the function f(x) = |x|3, where x is real. Then the function f(x) at x = 0 is
[IE: GATE-2007]
(a) Continuous but not differentiable
(b) Once differentiable but not twice
(c) Twice differentiable but not thrice
(d) Thrice differentiable

26. (a)
same as 13.

sin x
27. lim is [IE: GATE-2008]
x→ 0 x
(a) Indeterminate (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2

27. Ans. (c)

28. The expression e–ln x for x > 0 is equal to [IE: GATE-2008]

(a) –x (b) x (c) x–1 (d) –x–1

28. (c)
1
In 1
e− Inx = e x
=
x

sin t
29. At t = 0, the function f (t ) = has
t
(a) a minimum (b) a discontinuity
(c) a point of inflection (d) a maximum

29. (d)
sin t
lim =1
t →0 t

CS All GATE Questions

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30. Consider the following two statements about the function f(x) = |x|
P: f(x) is continuous for all real values of x
Q: f(x) is differentiable for all real values of x
Which of the following is TRUE? [CS: GATE-2007]
(a) P is true and Q is false (b) P is false and Q is true
(c) Both P and Q are true (d) Both P and Q are false

30. Ans. (a)

f(x) = |x|
⎧ x x≥0
or f(x) = ⎨
⎩ −x x < 0
The graph of f(x) is
y

x′ o x

f(x) is continuous for all real values of x

Lim |x| = Lim |x| = 0
x → 0– x → 0+
as can be seen from graph of |x|.
Lim f(x) = –1
x → 0–
and Lim f(x) = +1 as can be seen from graph of |x|
x → 0+
Left derivative ≠ Right derivative
So |x| is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0.

x − sin x
31. lim equals [CS: GATE-2008]
x→∞ x + cos x
(a) 1 (b) –1
(c) ∞ (d) – ∞

31(a).
sin x sin x
1− 1 − lim
x − sin x x = x →∞ x
lim = lim
x →∞ x + cos x x →∞ cos x cos x
1+ 1 + lim
x x →∞ x
1
put x = As x → ∞ ⇒ y → 0
y

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1 1
1 − lim y sin 1 − lim y sin
x →0 y y →0 y 1−0
= = = =1
1 1 1+0
1 + lim y cos 1 + lim y cos
y →0 y y →0 y

2n
⎛ 1⎞
32. What is the value of lim ⎜1 − ⎟ ? [CS: GATE-2010]
n−∞
⎝ n⎠
(a) 0 (b) e–2
(c) e–1/2 (d) 1

32. (b)
2 2
⎛ 1⎞
2n
⎡⎛ 1⎞ ⎤
n
⎡ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎤
n

lim ⎜1 − ⎟ = lim ⎢⎜1 − ⎟ ⎥ = ⎢lim ⎜1 − ⎟ ⎥

n →∞
⎝ n⎠ n →∞
⎢⎣⎝ n ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ n →∞ ⎝ n ⎠ ⎥⎦

( )
2
= e−1 = e−2

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 S K Mondal's

6. Mean Value Theorems

Previous Years GATE Questions

ME 20 Years GATE Questions

1. The value of ξ in the mean value of theorem of f(b) – f(a) = (b-a) f’ ( ξ ) for
f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C in (a, b) is [ME: GATE-1994]
(b + a) (b − a)
(a) b + a (b) b – a (c) (d)
2 2

CE 10 Years GATE Questions

2. A rail engine accelerates from its stationary position for 8 seconds and travels a distance of
280 m. According to the Mean Value Theorem, the speedometer at a certain time during
acceleration must read exactly [CE: GATE – 2005]
(a) 0 (b) 8 kmph
(c) 75 kmph (d) 126 kmph

Answer with Explanation

1. Ans. (c)
Exp. - Given f(x) = Ax 2 + Bx + C
f'(x) = 2Ax + B
f(b) - f(a) (Ab2 + Bb + C) - (Aa2 + Ba + C)
and = f'(ξ), or 2Aξ + B =
b-a b-a
A(b2 + a2 ) + B(b - a) b+a
= = A (b + a) + B Hence ξ =
b-a 2
2. Ans. (d)
Since the position of rail engine S(t) is continuous and differentiable function, according to
Lagranges mean value theorem
∃t Where 0 ≤ t ≤ 8 such that
S(8) − S(0)
S′ (t) = v (t) =
8−0
(280 − 0)
= m/sec
(8 − 0)
280
= m/sec
8

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280 3600
= × kmph
8 1000
= 126 kmph
Where v (t) is the velocity of the rail engine.

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 S K Mondal's

7. Theorems of Integral
Calculus

EC All GATE Questions

∞
1 ⎛ x2 ⎞
2π ∫0
1. The value of the integral I = exp ⎜ − ⎟ dx is [EC: GATE-2005]
⎝ 8 ⎠
(a) 1 (b) π
(c) 2 (d) 2π

1.(a)
∞
1 ⎛ −x 2 ⎞
I=
2π 0
∫ ⎜⎝ 8 ⎟⎠dx
exp

x2
put z =
8
xdx
⇒ dz =
4
4dz 2dz
⇒ dx = =
8z z
∞
1 2
∫e
−z
= . dz
2π 0 z
∞
1
∫e
− z −1/2
= z dz
π 0

1
∞ 1
− −1 ⎡ ∞
⎤
∫e dz ∴ ⎢Γ(n) = ∫ e− z zn −1dz,n > 0 ⎥
−z
= z 2

π 0 ⎣ 0 ⎦
1
= Γ (1 / 2 ) ⎡∴Γ(1 / 2) = π ⎤
π ⎣ ⎦
1
= π =1
π

∫ sin
3
2. The integral θ d θ is given by [EC: GATE-2006]
0

1 2
(a) (b)
2 3

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 S K Mondal's

4 8
(c) (d)
3 3

2. (c)
π π

∫ sin 3θdθ =∫ (1 − cos 2θ ) sin θdθ.

0 0
putz = cos θ

dz = − sin θdθ.
−1 1

(
= − ∫ 1 − z2 dz = ) ∫ (1 − z ) dz
2

1 −1
1 1
⎡ z3 ⎤ 3
( ⎣
2

3 ⎦0
)
= 2∫ 1 − z dz = 2 ⎢z − ⎥ = 2 (1 − 1 / 3 ) =
4
1

3. The following plot shows a function y which varies linearly with x. The value of the integral I =
2

∫ ydx
1
is [EC: GATE-2007]

x
–1 0 1 2 3
(a) 1.0 (b) 2.5
(c) 4.0 (d) 5.0

3(b).
Here the points (0,1) and (-1,0) are on the time
∴ The equn of the line is
0 −1
y −1 = (x − 0)
−1 − 0
⇒ y −1 = x
⇒ y = x +1
2 2 2
⎡ x2 ⎤
∴ ∫ ydx = ∫ ( x + 1 ) dx = ⎢ + x ⎥ = 2.5
1 1 ⎣2 ⎦1

4. Which one of the following function is strictly bounded? [EC: GATE-2007]

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 S K Mondal's

1
(a) (b) ex
x2
2
(c) x2 (d) e− x

4. (d)
For a strictly bounded function f(x), limit should be finite
2
Here lim e− x → = (finite).
x →∞

ME 20 Years GATE Questions

∞ 1
The The value of ∫ y 2 e − y dx is .......
3
6. [ME: GATE-1994]
0

6. Ans.
∞

∫y .e− y dy
3
1/2
put y 3 = z
0

⇒ 3y 2 dy=dz
1
⇒ dy= y −2 dz
3
2
1 −3
⇒ dy = z dz
3
1
∞ −2
1 6
= ∫ z .e− z .z 3 dz
30
∞ 1
1 −z − 2
3 ∫0
= e z dz

∞ 1
1 − z 2 −1
3 ∫0
= e z dz

1 1
= Γ( )
3 2
1
= . π
3
π
=
3

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 S K Mondal's

a
8. ∫ ( sin x + sin 7 x ) dx is equal to [ME: GATE-2005]
6

−a
a a a
(a) 2∫ sin 6 xdx (b) 2∫ sin 7 xdx (c) 2∫ (sin 6 x + sin 7 x)dx (d) Zero
0 0 0

8. (a)
a

∫ ( sin )
6
x + sin7 x dx
−a
a
= 2∫ sin 6 xdx.
0

sin x is odd function

⇒ sin 6 x is even and sin7 x is odd function.
a a

∫ sin x = 2∫ sin xdx

6

−a 0
a
and ∫ sin7 x = 0.
−a

∞
dx
9. The value of the integral
−∞
∫ 1+ x 2
is [ME: GATE-2010]

(a) − π (b) − π / 2 (c) π / 2 (d) π

9. (d)
∞ ∞
dx
∫−∞ 1 + x 2 = ⎡⎣tan x ⎤⎦ = ⎡⎣ π / 2 − ( π / 2 )⎤⎦ = π.
−1

−∞

10. Which of the following integrals is unbounded? [ME: GATE-2008]

π /4 ∞ ∞ 1
1 1
(a) ∫ tan x dx (b) ∫ 2 dx (c) ∫ xe − x dx (d) ∫ 1 − x dx
0 0
x +1 0 0

10. (d)
1
At x = 1, is unbounded.
1−x

2 3/2
21. The length of the curve y = x between x = 0 and x = 1 is [ME: GATE-2008]
3
(a) 0.27 (b) 0.67 (c) 1 (d) 1.22

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 S K Mondal's

21.(d)
2
1 ⎛ dy ⎞
Length of the wire =∫ ⎜ dx ⎟ + 1 dx
0
⎝ ⎠
1
=∫ x + 1dx
0

= 1.22.

CE 10 Years GATE Questions

EE All GATE Questions

a x
Q28. What is the value of the definite integral, ∫0
x+ a−x
dx ?

(a) 0 (b) a/2 (c) a (d) 2a [CE-2011]

Ans. (b)
a x
Exp. Let f ( x ) = ∫ dx = I1 (say)
0
x+ a−x
a a−x
f (a − x) = ∫ dx = I2 (say)
0
a−x+ x
We know
a a
∫ f ( x )dx = ∫ f ( a − x )dx
0 0

⇒ I1 = I2 = I (say)
a x+ a−x a
∴ I1 = I2 = ∫ 0
a−x+ x
dx = ∫ dx = a
0

⇒ 2I1 = a
⇒ 2I = a
a
⇒I=
2
∞
11. If S = ∫ x −3 dx, then S has the value [EE: GATE-2005]
1

−1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
3 4 2

11. (c)

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 S K Mondal's

∞ ∞
⎡ x −2 ⎤ 1
S = ∫ x dx = ⎢
−3
⎥ =
1 ⎣ − 2 ⎦1 2

1
The value of the quantity P, where P = ∫ xe dx , is equal to
x
16 [EE: GATE-2010]
0
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) e (d) 1/e

16. (b)
1
1
P = ∫ xex dx = ⎡⎣xex − ex ⎤⎦ = 1
0
0

− x (t )
17. A continuous-time system is described by y ( t ) = e where y (t) is the output and x (t) is the
input. y(t) is bounded. [EE: GATE-2006]
(a) only when x(t) is bounded
(b) only when x(t) is non-negative
(c) only or t ≥ 0 if x (t) is bounded for t ≥ 0
(d) even when x(t) is not bounded
17. (d)
As e−∞ → 0(finite)
∴ y(t) is bounded even if x(t) is not bounded.

IE All GATE Questions

1
1
17. The value of the integral
−1
∫x 2
dx is [IE: GATE-2005]

(a) 2 (b) does not exist (c) –2 (d) ∞

17. (b)
1
1 1
∫x
−1
2
dx does not exists because at x = 0,
x2
is not bounded.

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 S K Mondal's

CS All GATE Questions

π
4
(1 − tan x)
20. ∫ (1 + tan x) dx
0
evaluates to [CS: GATE-2009]

1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ln 2 (d) ln 2
2

20. Ans.(d)
Since
a a
∫0
f (x) dx = ∫ 0
f (a − x) dx
π
1 − tan x
∴ 1= ∫ 0
4
1 + tan x
dx

⎛π ⎞
1 − tan ⎜ − x ⎟ dx
π
= ∫ ⎝4 ⎠4
⎛π 0 ⎞
1 + tan ⎜ − x ⎟
⎝4 ⎠
tan A − tan B
Since tan (A – B) =
1 + tan A tan B
⎡ π ⎤
⎢ tan 4 − tan x ⎥
⎢ π ⎥
π ⎢1 + tan tan x ⎥
⎢⎣ 4 ⎥⎦
∴ I= ∫ 0
4
⎡ π ⎤
dx
⎢ tan 4 − tan x ⎥
⎢ π ⎥
⎢1 + tan tan x ⎥
⎣⎢ 4 ⎦⎥
⎡1 − tan x ⎤
π
1−⎢ ⎥
⎣1 + tan x ⎦ dx
= ∫ 0
4
⎡1 − tan x ⎤
1+ ⎢ ⎥
⎣1 + tan x ⎦
π
2 tan x
= ∫ 0
4
2
dx
π
= ∫ 0
4
tan x dx
π
4
= [log(sec x)] 0

⎛ π⎞
= ln ⎜ sec ⎟ − ln(sec 0)
⎝ 4⎠

Page 56 of 192
S K Mondal's

= ln( 2) − ln(1)
1
= ln(21/ 2 ) − 0 = ln 2
2

Page 57 of 192
 S K Mondal's

8. Partial Derivatives
EC All GATE Questions
1. Consider the function f(x) = x2 – x – 2. The maximum value of f(x) in the closed interval [–4, 4]
is [EC: GATE-2007]
(a) 18 (b) 10
(c) –2.25 (d) indeterminate

1.(a)
f (x) = x 2 − x − 2
∴ f '(x) = 2x − 1
1
f 1 (x) = 0 ⇒ x = ∈ ⎡⎣−4,4 ⎤⎦
2
Now f "(x) = 2 > 0
∴ f (x)has minimum at x = 1 / 2
It Shows that a maximum value that will be at x = 4 or x = - 4
At x = 4, f (x) = 10
∴ At x = −4, f (x) = 18
∴ At x = −4, f (x) has a maximum.

2. For real values of x, the minimum value of the function f(x) = exp (x) + exp (–x) is
[EC: GATE-2008]
(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) 0.5 (d) 0

2. (a)
f (x) = ex + e− x
For extrema,
f '(x) = 0 ⇒ ex − e− x = 0
⇒ x = 0.
f "(x) = ex − e− x
f "(x) x =0 = 2 > 0
Heve minimum at x = 0, f10) = 2.
1
3. If e y = x x then y has a [EC: GATE-2010]

(a) Maximum at x = e (b) minimum at x = e

(c) Maximum at x = e-1 (d) minimum at x = e-1

Page 58 of 192
 S K Mondal's

3. (a)
1
ey = x
x
Take log both side
1
y = log x
x
For extrema,
dy 1 1
= 0 ⇒ 2 − 2 log x = 0
dx x x
Now
d2y 1
2 x =e
= 3 <0
dx e
∴ Max at x = e.

ME 20 Years GATE Questions

∂2 f
5. Let f =yx. What is at x = 2, y = 1? [ME: GATE-2008]
∂x∂y
(a) 0 (b) In 2 (c) 1 (d) 1/In 2

5(c).
f = yx
Take log both side
log f = x log y
Differentiate
1 ∂f x ∂f ⎛x⎞
= ⇒ = y x ⎜ ⎟ = y x −1 .x
f ∂y y ∂y ⎝y⎠
∂2f ∂
⇒ = ( y x −1 .x) = xy x −1 ln y + y x −1
∂x∂y ∂x
∂2f
∴ =1
∂xdy (2,1)

∂N ∂N
6. If II (x,y) is a homogeneous function of degree n, then x +y = nH.
∂x ∂y
[ME: GATE-1994]

6. Euler’s Theorem for homogeneous function

x2
dφ
7. If φ(x)= ∫ t dt, then is [ME: GATE-1998]
0
dx
(a) 2x 2 (b) x (c) 0 (d) 1

Page 59 of 192
 S K Mondal's

7. (a)
x2
2 3
Φ(x) = ∫
0
t dt =
3
x

dΦ 2 2
∴ = 3x = 2x 2
dx 3

8. If z = f(x,y), dz is equal to [ME: GATE-2000]

(a) (∂f/∂x)dx + (∂f/∂y)dy (b) (∂f/∂y)dx + (∂f/∂x)dy
(c) (∂f/∂x)dx - (∂f/∂y)dy (b) (∂f/∂y)dx - (∂f/∂x)dy

8. (a)

9. The function f(x) = x3- 6x2+ 9x+25 has [ME: GATE-1995]

(a) A maxima at x = 1 and a minima at x = 3
(b) A maxima at x = 3 and a minima at x = 1
(c) No maxima, but a minima at x = 3
(d) A maxima at x = 1, but not minima

9.(a)
f (x) = x 3 − 6x 2 + 9x + 25
For extrema, f 1 (x) = 0 ⇒ 3x 2 − 12x + 9 = 0 ⇒ x = 1,3.

For extrema, f 1 (x) = 0 ⇒ 3x 2 − 12x + 9 = 0 ⇒ x = 1,3.

Now,f "(x) = 6x − 12
∴ f "(x) x =1 = −6 < 0. f (x) has mix. value at x = 1
f "(x) x =3 = 6 > 0. f (x) has min . value at x = 3

10. The minimum point of the function f(x) = (x2/3) – x is at [ME: GATE-2001]
1
(a) x = 1 (b) x = -1 (c) x = 0 (d) x =
3

10. (a)
For extrema, f 1 (x) = 0
⇒ x2 − 1 = 0
⇒ x = ±1

Page 60 of 192
 S K Mondal's

f "(x) = 2x
f "(1) = 2 > 0 and f ′′( −1) = −2 < 0
⇒ f has min value at x = 1

11. The function f(x,y) = 2x2 +2xy – y3 has [ME: GATE-2002]

(a) Only one stationary point at (0,0)
(b) Two stationary points at (0,0) and (1/6, -1/3)
(c) Two stationary points at (0,0) and (1,-1)
(d) No stationary point

11. Ans.(b)
See theory.

12. If x=a(θ + sin θ) and y=a(1-cosθ), then dy/dx will be equal [ME: GATE-2004]
⎛θ⎞ ⎛θ⎞ ⎛θ⎞ ⎛θ⎞
(a) sin ⎜ ⎟ (b) cos ⎜ ⎟ (c) tan ⎜ ⎟ (d) cot ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠

12. (c)
dx dy
= a(1 + cos θ) = a sin θ
dy dθ
θ θ
dy 2 sin 2 cos 2
∴ = = tan θ
dx 2 cos2 θ 2
2

13. Equation of the line normal to function f(x) = (x-8)2/3+1 at P(0,5) is

[ME: GATE-2006]
(a) y = 3x -5 (b) y = 3x +5 (c) 3y = x+15 (d) 3y = x -15

13.(b)
dy 1
m= =− ∴ mm1 = −1
dx (0,5) 3
⇒ m1 = 3, where m1 = slope of the normal.
∴ Equation of normal at (0,5) is
y − 5 = 3(x − 1)
⇒ y = 3x + 5

14. The minimum value of function y = x2 in the interval [1, 5] is [ME: GATE-2007]
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 25 (d) Undefined

14. (b)

Page 61 of 192
 S K Mondal's

y = x 2 is strictly increasing function on [1,5]

∴ y = x 2 has minimum value at x = 1 is 1.

23. The distance between the origin and the point nearest to it on the surface z2 = 1 + xy is
[ME: GATE=2009]
3
(a) 1 (b) (c) 3 (d) − 2
2
23. Ans(a)

CE 10 Years GATE Questions

15. The function f(x) = 2x3 – 3x2 – 36x + 2 has its maxima at [CE: GATE – 2004]
(a) x = – 2 only (b) x = 0 only
(c) x = 3 only (d) both x = –2 and x = 3

15. (a)
f (x) = 2x 3 − 3x 2 − 36x + 2
f "(x) = 6x 2 − 6x − 36
For extrema, f 1 (x) = 0
⇒ x2 − x − 6 = 0
⇒ x = 3, −2
f "(x) = 12x − 6
f "(x) x =3 = 30 > 0 ⇒ f has minimum at x = 3
f "(x) x =−2 = −30 < 0 ⇒ f has maximum at x = −2

16. Given a function [CE: GATE – 2010]

f(x, y) = 4x2 + 6y2 – 8x – 4y + 8
The optimal value of f(x, y)
10
(a) is a minimum equal to
3
10
(b) is a maximum equal to
3
8
(c) is a minimum equal to
3
8
(a) is a maximum equal to
3

16. (a)
f (x, y) = 4x 2 + 6y 2 − 8x − 4y + 8

Page 62 of 192
 S K Mondal's

∂f ∂f
= 8x − 8. = 12y − 4.
∂x ∂y
∂f ∂f
= 0 gives x = 1 and only = gives y = 1 / 3
∂x ∂y
∴ (1,1 / 3 ) is only stationary point.
⎡ ∂2f ⎤
Now r = ⎢ 2 ⎥ =8>0
⎣ ∂x ⎦ (1,1/3)
⎡ ∂2f ⎤
t=⎢ 2⎥ = 12 > 0
⎣ ∂y ⎦ (1,1/3)
⎡ ∂2f ⎤
and s = ⎢ ⎥ =0
⎣ ∂xdy ⎦ (1,1/3)
∴ rt − s2 = 96 > 6.
∴ (1,1 / 3 ) is a pointof minima.
1
∴ f (1,1 / 3 ) = 4 × 12 + 6 × − 8.1 − 4.1 / 3 + 8
32
10
= .
3

EE All GATE Questions

Q27. What should be the value of λ such that the function defined below is continuous at x =
π/22?
⎧ λ cos x
⎪ π if x ≠ π
⎪ 2
f ( x) ⎨ 2 − x
⎪
⎪⎩1 if x = π
2
(a) 0 (b) 2 / π (c) 1 (d) π / 2 [CE-2011]
Ans. (c)
Exp. By the given condition
lim f ( x ) = f π
x→ π
2
( )
2
λ cos x
⇒ lim =1 … (1)
x→ π
2 π(2
−x)
λ cos x ⎡ 0 ⎤
lim ⎢ form ⎥ … (2)
x→ π
2
π − x ⎣0 ⎦
2
−λ sin x
lim [use L’Hospital Rule]
x→ π
2 −1
=λ
From (1), λ = 1

Page 63 of 192
 S K Mondal's

17. For the function f(x) = x2e-x, the maximum occurs when x is equal to [EE: GATE-2005]
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) -1

17. (a)
f '(x) = 2xe−2 − x 2 e− x
For extrema f '(x) = 0
⇒ 2xe− x − x 2 e− x = 0
⇒ x = 0,2
Now
f "(x) = 2e− x − 2xe− x − 2xe− x + x 2 e− x
= 2e− x − 4xe− x + x 2 e− x
⎡⎣f "(x)⎤⎦x =0 = 2 > 0 and ⎡⎣f "(x)⎤⎦x =2 = −2e−2 < 0
∴ at x = 2,f (x) has a maximum value.

18. Consider function f(x) =(x2-4)2 where x is a real number. Then the function has
[EE: GATE-2008]
(a) Only one minimum
(b) Only two minima
(c) Three minima
(d) Three maxima

18.(b)
f (x) = (x 2 − 4)2
f '(x) = 2(x 2 − 4).2x = 4x(x 2 − 4).
For extrema,f '(x) = 0
⇒ x = 0, −2,2.
f "(x) = 4(x 2 − 4) + 8x 2
= 12x 2 − 16
⎡⎣f "(x)⎤⎦x =0 = −16 < 0
⎡⎣f "(x)⎤⎦x =−2 = 32 > 0
and ⎣⎡f "(x)⎦⎤x =2 = 32 > 0
∴ At x = 0,f (x) has maxima.
At x = −2,2,f (x) has minima.
19. A cubic polynomial with real coefficients [EE: GATE-2009]
(a) Can possibly no extrema and no zero crossings
(b) May have up to three extrema and up to 2 zero crossings
(c) Cannot have more than two extrema and more than three zero crossings
(d) Will always have an equal number of extrema and zero crossings

19. Ans. (c)

F ( x) = Ax 3 + Bx 2 + Cx + D

Page 64 of 192
 S K Mondal's

∴ F ( x) = 3 Ax 2 + 2 Bx + C
First max: F '( x ) = 6 Ax + 2 B
Second max: F ''( x ) = 6 A
F '''( x ) = 0
So maximum two extrema and three zero crossing

IE All GATE Questions

20. If f = a 0x + a1x n n-1
y + ...... + a n − 1xyn − 1 + a n yn , where a i (i = 0 to n) are constants, then
∂f ∂f
x +y is [IE: GATE-2005]
∂x ∂y
f n
(a) (b)
n f
(c) nf (d) n f

20. (e)
∂f ∂f
x +y = xf − Euler’s theorem for homogeneous function
∂x ∂y
dy
21. Given y = x2 + 2x + 10, the value of is equal to [IE: GATE-2008]
dx x = 1
(a) 0 (b) 4
(c) 12 (d) 13

21. (b)
Given, y = x2 + 2x + 10
dy
∴ = 2x + 2
dx
dy
⇒ =4
dx x = 1

esin x
22. For real x, the maximum value of is [IE: GATE-2007]
ecos x
(a) 1 (b) e
(c) e 2
(d) ∞

22(c).
y = esin x − cos x

Page 65 of 192
 S K Mondal's

Take log both side

log y = cos x − sin x
1 dy
∴ = cos x + sin x
y dx
dy
⇒ = y(cos x + sin x) = esin x − cos x (cos x + sin x)
dx
dy
For extrema = 0gives.
dx

(
tan x = −1 = tan π − π = tan
4 ) 3π
4
3π
⇒x=
4
2
d y
2
= e(sin x − cos x ) .(cos x + sin x)2 + e(sin x − cos x ) ( − sin x + cos x)
dx
⎡ d2y ⎤ 2
⎢ dx2 ⎥ 3 π = − 2e < 0.
⎣ ⎦x=
4

3π
so ,y has max at x =
4
2
At that point , y= e

23. Consider the function y = x2 – 6x + 9. The maximum value of y obtained when x varies over
the interval 2 to 5 is [IE: GATE-2008]
(a) 1 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 9

23. (b)
y ' = 0 gives 2x − 6 = 0
⇒x =3
y "(x) = 2

CS All GATE Questions

24. A point on a curve is said to be an extremum if it is a local minimum or a local maximum.
The number of distinct exterma for the curve 3x4 – 16x3 – 24x2 + 37 is
[CS: GATE-2008]
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3

24.(d)
Let f (x) = 3x 4 − 16x 3 − 24x 2 + 37

Page 66 of 192
S K Mondal's

For extrema, f '(x) = 0gives

12x 3 − 48x 2 − 48x = 0
⇒ x(x 2 − 4x − 4) = 0
⇒ x = 0,2 ± 2 2
∴ f (x) has three extrema po int s.

Page 67 of 192
 S K Mondal's

9. Gradient
EC All GATE Questions
1. ∇ × ∇ × P, where P is a vector, is equal to [EC: GATE-2006]

(a) P × ∇ × P – ∇ 2 P (b) ∇ 2 P + ∇ (∇ • P)
(c) ∇ 2 P + ∇ × P (d) ∇ (∇ • P) – ∇ 2 P
1. (d) (formula)

2. ∫∫ (∇ × P) • ds, where P is a vector, is equal to [EC: GATE-2006]

(a) ∫ P • dl (b) ∫ ∇ × ∇ × P • dl
(c) ∫ ∇ × P • dl (d) ∫∫∫ ∇ • P dv
2. (a) Hints (Stokes Theorem).

1. Consider points P and Q in the x-plane, with P= (1, 0) and Q = (0, 1). The line integral
Q

2 ∫ (xdx + ydy) along the semicircle with the line segment PQ as its diameter [EC: GATE-2008]
P

(a) Is –1 (b) is 0 (c) Is 1

d) depends on the direction (clockwise or anti-clockwise) of the semicircle

1.Ans. (b)
The straight line equation is x + y = 1

(0, 1) Q

P
(1, 0)
1 1
Then, I = 2∫ (1 − y) . ( − dy) + 2∫ y dy
0 0

⎡ y2 1
⎤ ⎡y 1
⎤
= 2⎢ − y∫ ⎥ + 2⎢ ∫ ⎥ =0
⎣2 0 ⎦ ⎣2 0 ⎦

Page 68 of 192
 S K Mondal's

5. The value of the integral of the function g(x, y) = 4x3 + 10y4 along the straight line segment from
the point (0, 0) to the point (1, 2) in the x-y plane is [EC: GATE-2008]
(a) 33 (b) 35
(c) 40 (d) 56

5(a).
The equation of the line passing through (0,0) and (1,2)
is y = 2x
Given y ( x,y ) = 4x3 + 10y4 = 4x 3 + 10(2x)4 = 4x3 + 160xy
1

( )
∴ I = ∫ 4x 3 + 160x 4 dx = 33.
0

ME 20 Years GATE Questions

3. The magnitude of the gradient of the function f = xyz3 at (1,0,2) is [ME:GATE-1998]
(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 8 (d) ∞
3. (c)
⎛ ∂ ∂ ˆ ∂ ˆ⎞
∇.f = ⎜ iˆ + j + k ⎟ .xyz3
⎝ ∂x ∂y ∂z ⎠
= yz i + xz j + 3xyz2 kˆ
3ˆ 3ˆ

∇.f (1,0,2) = 8jˆ

∴ ∇.f = 8jˆ = 8.
(1,0,2)

4. If V is a differentiable vector function and f is a sufficient differentiable scalar function,

then curl ( (f V) is equal to [ME: GATE-1995]
(a) (grad f)×(v)+(f curl v) (b) O (c) f curl (v) (d) (grade f)×(v)
4.(a)
( ) ( )
−
∇ × f v = ∇f × v + f (∇ × v )
= ( gradf ) × v + f (curl v)

5. The expression curl (grad f), where f is a scalar function, is [ME: GATE-1996]
(a) Equal to ∇2 f (b) Equal to div (grad f)
(c) A scalar of zero magnitude (d) A vector of zero magnitude

5. (d)

Page 69 of 192
 S K Mondal's

⎡ ⎤
⎢ iˆ ˆj kˆ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢∂ ∂ ∂⎥
( )
∇ × ∇.f = ⎢
∂z ⎥⎥
⎢ ∂x ∂y
⎢ ∂f ∂f ∂f ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ ∂x ∂y ∂z ⎦
⎛ ∂f ∂2f ⎞ ˆ ˆ ⎛ ∂2f ∂2f ⎞ ˆ ˆ ⎛ ∂2f ∂2f ⎞
=⎜ − ⎟ i − j⎜ − ⎟ j + k⎜ − ⎟
⎝ ∂y∂z ∂y∂z ⎠ ⎝ ∂x∂z ∂x∂z ⎠ ⎝ ∂x∂y ∂x∂y ⎠
=0

6. The temperature field in a body varies according to the equation T(x,y) = x3+4xy. The
direction of fastest variation in temperature at the point (1,0) is given by
(a) 3i + 8j (b) i (c) 0.6i + 0.8j (d) 0.5i + 0.866j [ME: GATE-1997]

6. Ans. (c)
Given T=x 3 +4xy
∂T
= 3x 2 + 4y
∂x
⎛ ∂T ⎞
⎜ ∂x ⎟ =3
⎝ ⎠(1,0)
∂T
= 4x
∂y
⎛ ∂T ⎞
⎜ ⎟ =4
⎝ ∂y ⎠(1,0)
∴ Direction of fastest variation in temperature at (1,0) is given by
(3i + 4j) or 0.6i + 0.8j

7. If the velocity vector in a two – dimensional flow field is given by v = 2xyi + (2y 2 − x 2 )j, the
vorticity vector, curl v will be [ME: GATE-1999]
(a) 2y 2 j (b) 6y j (c) zero (d) -4xk
7. (d)
⎛ iˆ ˆj kˆ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
∂ ∂ = ( −2x − 4x ) kˆ
∇ × V = ⎜⎜ 0 ⎟⎟
⎜
∂x ∂y
⎟ = −4xkˆ
⎜ 2xy 2y − x 2
2
0 ⎟⎠
⎝

8. The divergence of vector r = xi + y j + zk is [ME: GATE-2001]

Page 70 of 192
 S K Mondal's

(a) i + j + k (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 1

8. (b)
⎛ ∂
∇ × F = ⎜ iˆ +
⎝ ∂x ∂
∂
y
∂ ⎞
∂z ⎠
(
+ kˆ ⎟ . xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ )
=1 +1 +1 = 3

9. The cector field F = xi − y j (where i and j are unit vector) is [ME: GATE-2003]
(a) Divergence free, but not irrotational is
(b) Irrotational, but not divergence free
(c) Divergence free and irrotational
(d) Neither divergence free nor irrotational

9. (c).
⎛ ∂
∇ × F = ⎜ iˆ +
⎝ ∂x
∂ − ∂ ˆ⎞ ˆ ˆ
j+ k ⎟ . xi − yj
∂y ∂z ⎠
( )
= 1 −1 = 0 ⇒ F is devergence free
i j k
∂ ∂ ∂
∇×F = =0
∂x ∂y ∂z
x −y 0
⇒ F is irrotational vector.

10. The divergence of the vector ( x − y )i + ( y − x ) j + ( x + y + z ) k is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

10.(d)

11. The divergence of the vector field 3 xzi + 2 xy j − yz 2 k at a point (1 ,1,1) is equal to
(a) 7 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 0 [ME: GATE-2009]

11. (c)
∇ × F = 3z + 2x − 2yz
∇ × F ⎤⎦ (1,1,1) = 3.1 + 2.1 − 2.1.1
= 3.
JG
12. Velocity vector of a flow field is given as V = 2 xyiˆ − x 2 zjˆ . The vorticity vector at
(1, 1, 1) is [ME: GATE-2010]

Page 71 of 192
 S K Mondal's

(a) 4iˆ − ˆj (b) 4iˆ − kˆ (c) iˆ − 4 ˆj (d) iˆ − 4kˆ

12. (d)
curl V is called vorticity vector.
iˆ ˆj kˆ
∂ ∂ ∂ = x 2 iˆ + 0 + kˆ ( −2xz − 2x )
Now, curl V = ∇ × V =
∂x ∂y ∂z 0
2xy −2x 2z 0

= î + kˆ ( −2 − 2 )
∴ ⎡⎣ curlV ⎤⎦
(1,1,1)
= î − 4kˆ

13. Among the following, the pair of vectors orthogonal to each other is [ME: GATE-1995]
(a) [3,4,7], [3,4,7] (b) [0,0,0], [1,1,0] (c) [1,0,2], [0,5,0] (d) [1,1,1], [-1,-1,-1]

13. (c)
Let a,b be two vector st − a.b = 0. Then we say that they are orthogonal.
Choice (c) is correct.

14. The angle between two unit-magnitude co-planar vectors P (0.866, 0.500, 0) and Q (0.259,
0.966, 0) will be [ME: GATE-2004]
(a) 0 0 (b) 300 (c) 450 (d) 600

14. (c)
cos θ =
P.Q
=
( 0.866 × 0.259 ) + ( 0.5 × 0.966 ) + 0
P Q (.866 ) + (.5 ) + 02 (.259 ) + (.966 ) + 02
2 2 2 2

= 0.707.
⇒ θ = 45º
15.The area of a triangle formed by the tips of vectors a, b, and c is [ME: GATE-2007]
1 1
(a) (a − b).(a − c) (b) (a − b) × (a − c )
2 2
1 1
(c) a × b × c ) (d) (a × b).c
2 2

15.(b)

16. In a flow field in x, y-plane, the variation of velocity with time t is given by v v = (x 2 + yt)i
v = (x 2 + y 2 )i [ME: GATE-1999]

Page 72 of 192
 S K Mondal's

The acceleration of the particle in this field, occupying point (1,1) at time t = 1 will be
(a) i (b) 2i (c) 3i (d) 5i

16. Ans.(d)
v = (x 2 + yt)i
v=x 2 + yt,
at t=1, v (1,1) =1+1×1=2
∂u
= 2x = 2 × 1 = 2,
∂x
∂u ∂u
= y = 1, = t =1
∂t ∂y
∂u ∂u ∂u ∂u
ax = u + v +w + =(2×2+0+0+1)i=5i
∂x ∂y ∂z ∂t

17. The maximum value of the directional derivative of the function φ = 2x 2 + 3y 2 + 5z2 at a point
(1,1,-1) is [ME:GATE-2000]
(a) 10 (b) -4 (c) 152 (d) 152

17. (c)
∇Φ = 4xiˆ + 6yjˆ + 10zkˆ
∇Φ ⎤⎦ = 4iˆ + 6jˆ − 10kˆ
(1,1,−1)

= 42 + 62 + ( −10 ) = 152
2
∴ ∇Φ
(1,1−1)

18. The directional derivative of the scalar function f(x, y, z) = x2 + 2y2 + z at the point P = (1,1,
2) in the direction of the vector a = 3i − 4 j is [ME: GATE-2008]
(a) – 4 (b) -2 (c) -1 (d) 1

18.(b)
Required directional derivatives at P(1,1,-1)
∧
∴ ∇Φ.nˆ , where n is the unit vector in the direction of a
(1,1,2)

( 1
) (
= 2iˆ + 4jˆ + kˆ . 3iˆ − 4jˆ =
5
a
= )
3i − 4j 1
= 3i − 4j .
5
( )
a 32 + ( −4 )
2

1
= ( 6 − 16 )
5

Page 73 of 192
 S K Mondal's

= −2.

19. If A = xya x + x 2 a y then ∫ A • dl

c
over the path shown in the figure is

2
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d) 2 3
3

19. (a)
∫ A.dl = 0 is the curve is closed.
20. The line integral ∫ V .d r of the vector V .(r ) = 2 xyzi + x z j + x yk from the origin to the point
2 2

P (1, 1, 1) [ME: GATE-2005]

(a) Is 1 (b) Is zero
(c) Is -1 (d) Cannot be determined without specifying the path

20.Ans(a)

∫ V .d r = ∫ [2 xyzi + x z j + x yk ].(dxi + dy j + dzk )

2 2

= ∫ (2 xyzdx + x 2 zdy +x 2 ydz )

Along the line joining (0, 0, 0) to the po int (1,1,1) is given
by the parametric form by
x = t , y = t, z = t
1

∫ V .d r = ∫ (2t.t.tdt + t .tdt + t .tdt )

2 2
Then
0
1
1
= ∫ 4t 3 dt = 4. = 1
0
4

24. The area enclosed between the curves y2 = 4x and X2= 4y is [ME: GATE-2009]
16 32
(a) (b) 8 (c) (d) 16
3 3

Page 74 of 192
 S K Mondal's

24. (a)

Let y2 = 4x be curve (i) =y1 (s a y)

2
x = 4y be curve (ii) =y2 (s a y)
4
∴ Area = ∫ ( y1 − y 2 ) dx
0

4⎛ x2 ⎞ 16
= ∫ ⎜ 4x − ⎟ dx =
0
⎝ 4 ⎠ 3

x2 = 4y

(4,4)

(4,0)

y2 = 4x

25. Stokes theorem connects [ME: GATE-2005]

(a) A line integral and a surface integral
(b) A surface integral and a volume integral
(c) A line integral and a volume integral
(d) Gradient of a function and its surface integral
25. (a)

27. The Gauss divergence theorem relates certain [ME: GATE-2001]

(a) Surface integrals to volume integrals
(b) Surface integrals to line integrals
(c) Vector quantities to other vector quantities
(d) Line integrals to volume integrals

27. (a)

Page 75 of 192
 S K Mondal's

4. For the function φ = ax 2 y - y3 to represent the velocity potential of an ideal fluid ∇2φ should
be equal to zero. In that case, the value of ‘a’ has to be: [ME: GATE-1999]
(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) -3 (d) 3

4. (d)
Φ = ax 2 y − y3
∂2Φ ∂2Φ
= 2ay and = −6y
∂x 2 ∂y 2
∂2Φ ∂2Φ
∴∇ 2 Φ = 2 + 2 = 2ay − 6y
∂x ∂y
2
∴∇ Φ = 0 ⇒ a = 3.

CE 10 Years GATE Questions

2
Q29. If a and b are two arbitrary vectors with magnitudes a and b, respectively a × b will be
equal to
( ) ( )
2 2
(a) a2b2 − a.b (b) ab − a.b (c) a2b2 + a.b (d) ab + a.b [CE-2011]
Ans. (a)
∧
Exp. a × b = a b sin θ n
∧
= ab sin θ n [Taking p = P ]

( )
2 2
∴ a×b = a×b
∧ 2

= a2b2 sin θ n

⎡ ∧ ⎤
(
= a2b2 1 − cos2 θ ⎢∵ n = 1⎥ )
⎣ ⎦
2 2 2 2 2
= a b − a b cos θ
= a2b2 − ( ab cos θ )
2

( )
2
= a2b2 − a b cos θ

( )
2
= a2b2 − a.b
28. For a scalar function f(x, y, z) = x2 + 3y2 + 2z2, the gradient at the point P (1, 2, –1) is
→ → → → → →
(a) 2 i + 6 j + 4 k (b) 2 i + 12 j − 4 k [CE: GATE – 2009]
→ → →
(c) 2 i + 12 j + 4 k (d) 56

Page 76 of 192
 S K Mondal's

28. (b)
∇f (1,2,−1) = 2iˆ + 12jˆ − 4kˆ

→ →
29. The inner (dot) product of two vectors P and Q is zero. The angle (degrees) between the two
vectors is [CE: GATE – 2008]
(a) 0 (b) 30
(c) 90 (d) 120

29. (c)

30. If P, Q and R are three points having coordinates (3, –2, –1), (1, 3, 4), (2, 1, –2) in XYZ
space, then the distance from point P to plane OQR (O being the origin of the coordinate
system) is given by [CE: GATE – 2003]
(a) 3 (b) 5
(c) 7 (d) 9

30. (a)
The equation of the plane OQR is (O being origin).
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
x 2 − x1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1 = 0
x 3 − x1 y3 − y1 z3 − z1
x −0 y−0 z−0
⇒ 1 3 4 =0
2 1 −2
⇒ 2x − 2y + z = 0 −(i)

Now 1 distance from P to plane (1) is

2.3 − 2.( −2) + ( −1)
= 3.
22 + ( −2)2 + (1)2

31. For a scalar function f(x, y, z) = x2 + 3y2 + 2z2, the directional derivative at the point P(1, 2,
→ → →
–1) in the direction of a vector i − j + 2 k is [CE: GATE – 2009]
(a) –18 (b) −3 6
(c) 3 6 (d) 18

31. (b)
Same as Q.18.

Page 77 of 192
 S K Mondal's

∫ (xydy − y dx),
2
32. Value of the integral where, c is the square cut from the first quadrant by
c

the lines x = 1 and y = 1 will be (Use Green’s theorem to change the line integral into
double integral) [CE: GATE – 2005]
1
(a) (b) 1
2
3 5
(c) (d)
2 3

32. (c) Green’s theorem say,

⎛ ∂N ∂M ⎞
∫ ( Mdx + Ndy ) = ∫∫ ⎜⎝ ∂x xy
− ⎟ dxdy
∂y ⎠

∫ ( xydy − y dx )
2
Here
⎛ ∂(xy) ∂ − y 2 ( ) ⎞⎟ dxdy
(
= ∫ − y2dx + xydy = ∫∫ ⎜
⎜ ∂x
) −
∂y ⎟
xy
⎝ ⎠
= ∫∫ ( y + 2y ) dxdy
x =0 y =0
1 1
= ∫ dx ∫ 3ydy
0 0

3
=
2

EE All GATE Questions

x2 y 2
34. For the scalar field u= + , magnitude of the gradient at the point(1,3) is
2 3
[EE: GATE-2005]
13 9
(a) (b)
9 2
9
(c) 5 (d) -
2

34. (c)
⎛ ∂ ∂ ˆ⎞
∇u = ⎜ iˆ + j⎟ u
⎝ ∂ x ∂y ⎠
2
= xiˆ + yjˆ ∴∇u (1,3) = iˆ + 2jˆ
3

Page 78 of 192
 S K Mondal's

∴ ∇u = 12 + 22
(1,3)

= 5

35. Let x and y be two vectors in a 3 dimensional space and <x, y> denote their dot product.
⎡ < x, x > < x, y > ⎤
Then the determinant det ⎢ ⎥ [EE: GATE-2007]
⎣ < y, x > < y, y >⎦
(a) is zero when x and y are linearly independent
(b) is positive when x and y are linearly independent
(c) is non-zero for all non-zero x and y
(d) is zero only when either x or y is zero

35. Ans (d)

⎡ x.x x.y ⎤ x.x x.y
det ⎢ =
⎣ y .x y .y ⎥⎦ y .x y .y
is zero only when either x or y is zero.

46. A sphere of unit radius is centered at the origin. The unit normal at a point (x, y,
z) on the surface of the sphere is the vector [IE: GATE-2009]
⎛ 1 1 1 ⎞
(a) (x, y, z) (b) ⎜ , , ⎟
⎝ 3 3 3⎠
⎛ x y z ⎞ ⎛ x y z ⎞
(b) ⎜ , , ⎟ (d) ⎜ , , ⎟
⎝ 3 3 3⎠ ⎝ 2 2 2⎠

46. (b)
→
47. If a vector R(t) has a constant magnitude, then [IE: GATE-2005]
→ →
dR
→ →
dR
(a) R • =0 (b) R × =0
dt dt
→ →
→
dR→ → →
dR
(c) R • R − (d) R × R =
dt dt

47. (a)
→ ^ ^ ^
Let R(t) = x(t) i + y(t) j + z(t) k
→
|R(t)| = k (constant)

i.e., x2(t) + y2 (t) + z2 (t) = constant.

Page 79 of 192
 S K Mondal's

→
d R(t)→
On analysing the given (a) option, we find that R(t) . will give constant magnitude, so first
dt
differentiation of the integration will be zero.

( ) ( )
15. F ( x, y ) = x 2 + xy ax + y 2 + xy a y . It’s line integral over the straight line from (x,y) = (0,2) to
(x, y) = (2,0) evaluates to [EE: GATE-2009]
(a) – 8 (b) 4 (c ) 8 (d) 0

15. (d)
The equation of the line passing through (0,2) and (2,0) is x + y = 2
2 0

( )
∴ ∫ F(x,y)dxdy = ∫ x 2 + xy dx + ∫ ⎡⎣ y 2 + y(2 − y) ⎤⎦ dy
0 2
2 0
∴ ∫ ⎡⎣x 2 + x(2 − x) ⎤⎦ dx + ∫ ⎡⎣ y 2 + y(2 − y) ⎤⎦ dy
0 2

= 0.

Page 80 of 192
 S K Mondal's

10. Multiple Integrals

EC All GATE Questions

ME 20 Years GATE Questions

2. A triangle ABC consists of vertex points A (0,0) B(1,0) and C(0,1). The value of the integral
∫ ∫ 2x dxdy over the triangle is
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) [ME: GATE-1997]
3 8 9

2. (b)
The equation of the line
AB is
1−0
y−0= ( x − 1) .
0 −1
⇒ y + x =1

∫ {∫ }
1
1− x
∴ ∫∫ 2xdxdy =2 xdy dx
y =0
x =0
1 1
=2 ∫ (
x. (1 − x ) dx = 2∫ x − x 2 dx )
x =0 0

⎛1 1⎞ 1
= 2⎜ − ⎟ =
⎝2 3⎠ 3

B(0,1)

0 A(1,0)

Page 81 of 192
 S K Mondal's

π /2 π /2
3. ∫ ∫ sin(x+y) dx dy is [ME: GATE-2000]
0 0
(a) 0 (b) π (c) π/2 (d) 2
3. (d)
π π

∫ ∫
2 2
sin(x + y)dxdy
0 0
π π π π
= ∫ 2 sin xdx.∫ 2 cos ydy + ∫ 2 cos xdx ∫ 2 sin ydy
0 0 0 0
π π π π
= ⎡⎣− cos x ⎤⎦0 2 ⎡⎣sin y ⎤⎦0 2 + ⎡⎣sin x ⎤⎦0 2 ⎡⎣− cos y ⎤⎦0 2
=1.1 + 1.1 = 2

4. The area enclosed between the parabala y = x 2 and the straight line y = x is
[ME: GATE-2003]
(a) 1/8 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/3 (d) ½

4. (b)
∫ (x )
1
2
∴ Area = − x dx
0

1 1 1
= − = units.
3 2 6
y = x2
y=x

(1,1)

5. The volume of an object expressed in spherical co-ordinates is given by

2π π/3 1
V= ∫ ∫ ∫r
2
sinφ dr dφ dθ The value of the integral is
0 0 0
[ME: GATE-2004]
π π 2π π
(a) (b) (c) (d) 5. (a)
3 6 3 4
2π π 1
V=∫ ∫ ∫
3
r 2 sin φdrdφ.dθ.
0 0 0

Page 82 of 192
 S K Mondal's

1 2π π
= ∫0 r 2dθ∫0 dθ∫0 3 sin φdφ
1 π
= .2π ⎡⎣− cos θ⎤⎦0 3
3
1
= .2π. 1
3 2
=π .
3

5. Ans. (a)
2 π π /3 1 2 π π /3 1

∫ ∫ ∫r ∫ ∫ ∫ sin φ.dφ.dθ,
2
V= sin φ.dr.dφ.dθ, =
0 0 0 0 0 2
2π 2π
1 1 1 1 π
= ∫
2 0
[1 − cos φ]0π /3dθ, = ∫ dθ = × 2π =
302 6 3

6. Changing the order of the integration in the double integral [ME: GATE-2005]
8 2 s q

I =∫ ∫ f ( x, y )dydx leads to I = ∫ ∫ f ( x, y)dxdy. What is q?

0 x /4 r xp

(a) 4 y (b) 16 y2 (c) x (d) 8

6. Ans. (a)
8 2
When I= ∫ ∫ f(x.y)dx dy
0 x/ 4

Page 83 of 192
 S K Mondal's

Figure
2 4Y
I= ∫ ∫ f(x.y)dx dy
0 0

7. By a change of variable x (u, y) = uv, y (u, v) = v/u is double integral, the integrand f(x, y)
changes to f(uv, v/u) φ (u,v). Then, φ (u, v) is [ME: GATE-2005]
2
(a) 2 u/v (b) 2 uv (c) v (d) 1

7. Ans. (a)

∂x
=v
∂u
∂x
=u
∂v
∂y v ∂y 1
and =− 2 =
∂u u ∂v u
∂x ∂x
v u
∂u ∂v v v 2v
and φ(u,v)= = v 1 = + =
∂y ∂y − 2 u u u
u u
∂u ∂v

8. The right circular cone of largest volume that can be enclosed by a sphere of 1 m radius has a
height of [ME: GATE-2005]
2 2
(a) 1/3 m (b) 2/3 m (c) m (d) 4/3 m
3

8. Ans. (c)

9. Consider the shaded triangular region P shown in the figure. What is ∫ ∫ xydxdy ?
P

Page 84 of 192
 S K Mondal's

P
0 X
2
Figure
1 2 7
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1 [ME: GATE-2008]
6 9 16
9. (a)
The equation of the line AB is
x y
+ =1
2 1
⇒ x + 2y = 2 ∞
2 ⎧⎪ 2−2x ⎫⎪
∴ Area = ∫ ⎨ ∫ xydy ⎬dx
⎩⎪ ⎭⎪
x =0 y =0

2−x
⎡ y2 ⎤ 2 1 2
( )
2
∫x =0 ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦ dx = 8 ∫0 x 4 − 4x + x dx
2
x
0
2
1 ⎡ x4 4 3 2⎤
= ⎢ − x + 2x ⎥
8⎣ 4 3 ⎦0
1⎡ 4 ⎤
= ⎢ 4 − .8 + 8 ⎥
8⎣ 3 ⎦
1
=
6

(0,1)

A(2,0)

11. the parabolic arc y = x,1 ≤ x ≤ 2 is revolved around the x-axis. The volume of
[ME: GATE-2010]

Page 85 of 192
 S K Mondal's

(a) π / 4 (b) π / 2 (c)3π / 4 (d)3π / 2

11. Ans. (d)

Differential volume
dv = π y 2 dy
Volume from x = 1 to x = 2

∫ π y dy
2 2
v=
y1 = x, y2 = x
2
2
⎛ x2 ⎞ 3π
v = π ∫ xdx = π ⎜ ⎟ =
1 ⎝ 2 ⎠1 2

22. A path AB in the form of one quarter of a circle of unit radius is shown in the figure.
Integration of (x + y)2 on path AB traversed in a counterclockwise sense is
[ME: GATE-2009]

X
A

Figure

π π π
(a) -1 (b) +1 (c) (d) 1
2 2 2

22. (b)
∫∫ ( x + y )
2
dxdy
Path AB
π
2
= ∫ (r cos θ + r sin θ)2 .rdθ ,here r = 1
0
π
=∫
0
2
(1 + sin 2θ ) dθ
= π + 1.
2

Page 86 of 192
 S K Mondal's

r.

Q
O X

7. Using definite integrals find the area of the region bounded by the curves
y = x2 + 2 [ME: GATE-1995]
y=x
x=0
and x=3
Also sketch the region bounded by these curves.

7.
OABC be the region.
2
y=x +2
B
x
=
y

0
(3,0)

CE 10 Years GATE Questions

12. What is the area common to the circles r = a and r = 2a cos θ?
(a) 0.524 a2 (b) 0.614 a2 [CE: GATE – 2006]

Page 87 of 192
 S K Mondal's

(c) 1.047 a2 (d) 1.228 a2

12. Ans. (d)

Area common to circles r = a
And r = 2a cos θ is 1.228 a2

3 x
13. The value of ∫ ∫ (6 − x − y) dx dy
0 0
=0 [CE: GATE – 2008]

(a) 13.5 (b) 27.0

(c) 40.5 (d) 54.0
13.(a)
3 x
∫ ∫ ( 6 − x − y ) dxdy
0 0

=∫
3

x =0 {∫
y =0
x
( 6 − x − y ) dy } dx
3⎛ y2 ⎞
= ∫ ⎜ 6y − xy − ⎟ dx
0
⎝ 2 ⎠
3⎛ 3x ⎞
2
= ∫ ⎜ 6x − ⎟ dx
0
⎝ 2 ⎠
3
⎡ x3 ⎤ 27 27
= ⎢3x 2 − ⎥ = 27 − = = 13.5
⎣ 2 ⎦0 2 2

14. A parabolic cable is held between two supports at the same level. The horizontal span between
x2
the supports is L. The sag at the mid-span is h. The equation of the parabola is y = 4 h , where
L2
x is the horizontal coordinate and y is the vertical coordinate with the origin at the centre of the
cable. The expression for the total length of the cable is
L
L 2 2
hx 2
h3 x 2
(a) ∫
0
1 + 64
L4
dx (b) 2 ∫ 1 + 64
0 L4
dx

[CE: GATE – 2010]

L L
2
h2x 2 2
h2x2
(c) ∫0
1 + 64
L4
dx (d) 2 ∫
0
1 + 64
L4
dx

14(d). We know length of the curve f(x) between x = a and x = b given by

2
b ⎛ dy ⎞
∫a 1 + ⎜⎝ dx ⎟⎠ dx
x2
Given λ = 4h 2
L
dy x
= 8h 2
dx L
Since,y = 0. at x = 0

Page 88 of 192
 S K Mondal's

L
and y = h at x =
2
L 2
⎛ 8hx ⎞
∴ ( Length of cable ) = ∫ 2
1 + ⎜ 2 ⎟ dx
0
⎝ L ⎠
Length of cable
L
h2 x 2
= 2∫ 2 1 + 64 dx
o L4

EE All GATE Questions

H
15. The expression V = ∫ π R 2 (1 − h / H )2 dh for the volume of a cone is equal to[EE: GATE-2006]
0
R R
(a) ∫ 0
π R 2 (1 − h / H )2 dr (b) ∫
0
π R 2 (1 − h / H )2 dh
2
H R ⎛ r ⎞
(c) ∫ 0
2π r H (1 − r / R )dh (d) ∫
0
2π r H ⎜ 1 − ⎟ dr
⎝ R⎠

15. Ans. (d)

Choices (a ) and ( d ) can be correct becouse
variable is r in these two.
By integrating ( d) , we get
1 2
π r H, which is volume of cone.
3

16. A surface S(x,y)=2x+5y-3 is integrated once over a path consisting of the points that satisfy
( x + 1)2 + ( y − 1)2 = 2 . The integral evaluates to [EE: GATE-2006]
(a) 17 2 (b) 17 / 2
(c) 2 / 17 (d) 0

16. Ans. (d)

18.
f ( x, y )
is a continuous defined over
( x, y ) ∈ [0,1] × [0,1] . Given two constrains,
x > y and y > x , the volume under f ( x, y ) is
2 2
[EE: GATE-2009]

Page 89 of 192
 S K Mondal's

y=1 x=1
y=1 x= y
∫ ∫ f ( x, y) dxdy
(a) ∫ ∫ f ( x, y) dxdy
y=0 x= y2
(b)
y=x2 x=y2

y=1 x=1 y= x x= y

∫ ∫ f ( x, y) dxdy
y=0 x=0
∫ ∫
y=0 x=0
f ( x, y) dxdy
(c) (d)
18. (a)
∴ volume
1
y
∫ ∫
y =0
x = y2
f (x, y)dxdy

x2 >y y2 >x

y2 = 4x

IE All GATE Questions

∞∞

∫ ∫e
–x2 2
19. The value of integral e –y dx dy is [IE: GATE-2007]
0 0

π
(a) (b) π
2
π
(c) π (d)
4
19. (d)
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
I=∫ ∫ e e dxdy = ∫ e dx ∫ e dy
2 2 2 2
−x −y −x −y

0 0 0 0

put z = x 2 ,dz = 2xdx

∞ 1 ∞ − z −1 2 1 ∞ 1 −1 1 1 π
∫ ∫ e z dz = ∫ e− z z 2 dz = Γ( ) =
2
e− x dx =
0 2 0 2 0 2 2 2

Page 90 of 192
S K Mondal's

∞ π
∴ ∫ e− y dy =
2

0 2
π
∴I = .
4

Page 91 of 192