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    Open Circuit and Load Characteristics of Separately Excited DC Generator

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    Akshit VS
    This document summarizes an experiment on the open circuit and load characteristics of a separately excited DC generator. The objectives are to draw the open circuit, internal, and external characteristics of the generator. Procedures are outlined for testing the open circuit characteristics by varying the field current and measuring the induced voltage. Load testing procedures then describe connecting resistive loads and measuring the decrease in terminal voltage and increase in armature current at different load levels. The conclusions drawn are that the open circuit test gives the magnetization curve and the load test shows how voltage varies with load to determine regulation efficiency.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Open Circuit and Load Characteristics of Separately Excited DC Generator

    Uploaded by

    Akshit VS
    72 views10 pages
    This document summarizes an experiment on the open circuit and load characteristics of a separately excited DC generator. The objectives are to draw the open circuit, internal, and external characteristics of the generator. Procedures are outlined for testing the open circuit characteristics by varying the field current and measuring the induced voltage. Load testing procedures then describe connecting resistive loads and measuring the decrease in terminal voltage and increase in armature current at different load levels. The conclusions drawn are that the open circuit test gives the magnetization curve and the load test shows how voltage varies with load to determine regulation efficiency.

    Original Description:

    Electromechanical Energy Conversion EEE Core Experiment 2

    Original Title

    emecexp2_19BEE0435

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    This document summarizes an experiment on the open circuit and load characteristics of a separately excited DC generator. The objectives are to draw the open circuit, internal, and external characteristics of the generator. Procedures are outlined for testing the open circuit characteristics by varying the field current and measuring the induced voltage. Load testing procedures then describe connecting resistive loads and measuring the decrease in terminal voltage and increase in armature current at different load levels. The conclusions drawn are that the open circuit test gives the magnetization curve and the load test shows how voltage varies with load to determine regulation efficiency.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    72 views10 pages

    Open Circuit and Load Characteristics of Separately Excited DC Generator

    Uploaded by

    Akshit VS
    This document summarizes an experiment on the open circuit and load characteristics of a separately excited DC generator. The objectives are to draw the open circuit, internal, and external characteristics of the generator. Procedures are outlined for testing the open circuit characteristics by varying the field current and measuring the induced voltage. Load testing procedures then describe connecting resistive loads and measuring the decrease in terminal voltage and increase in armature current at different load levels. The conclusions drawn are that the open circuit test gives the magnetization curve and the load test shows how voltage varies with load to determine regulation efficiency.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    VIT

    UNIVERSITY
    (Estd. u/s 3 of UGC Act 1956)

    SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING


    EEE2003 – Electromechanical Energy Conversion Lab

    Experiment No: 2

    Open Circuit and Load characteristics of


    Separately Excited DC Generator

    Name: V S Akshit

    Register No.:19BEE0435

    LAB SLOT: L39+L40

    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435
    Circuit Diagram – Open Circuit Characteristics & Load Test

    VS
    Exp. No. 2 Date:30-07-2020

    O.C.C. & LOAD TEST ON SEPARATELY EXCITED D.C. GENERATOR

    OBJECTIVE
    To perform the open circuit & load test on separately excited D.C Generator and draw the open
    circuit, internal and external characteristics.

    APPARATUS REQUIRED

    S.NO. NAME TYPE RANGE QTY.


    1 Ammeter MC 0-5A, 0-10A 4
    2 MC 0-220V,0-440V 4
    Voltmeter
    1000ohm,2A
    3 Rheostat VARIABLE 100ohm,10A 1
    4 Loading rheostat 1
    5 Tachometer DIGITAL 0-3000rpm 1

    THEORY
    A d.c. generator whose field winding is supplied current from an external d.c sources are called
    separately excited d.c generator. The flux produced by the poles depends upon the field current
    within the unsaturated region of magnetic material of the poles (i.e.,  If). But in the
    saturated region the flux becomes nonlinear. Its conventional diagram is shown in Fig - 1

    If Ia

    F1
    A2
    Voltage
    DC G
    SUPPLY A1
    F2

    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435
    TABULAR COLUMN:

    MODEL GRAPH

    E0 INCREASING

    Residual
    Magnetism

    o If

    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435
    OUTPUT GRAPH:

    Open Circuit Characteristics of a DC generator

    It shows the relation between the no load generator emf in the armature (Eo) and the
    field current If at a specified speed. Open the field winding of the generator and connect it to a
    separate D.C. source through a rheostat shown in Fig - 4

    Open circuit or magnetization characteristics of a dc machine is tested by driving the


    machine at its normal speed and varying the excitation current in steps from zero to maximum
    by adjusting field regulating resistance or potentiometer type regulator. The field is supplied
    through a separate source supply. The connection diagram for test is show in Fig - 2
    A
    E0
    F1
    A1
    Voltage
    DC G V
    SUPPLY A
    F Residual
    Magnetism
    o If
    Fig -3 Fig -4
    Since the machine is not carrying any armature current, the terminal voltage is the
    induced emf in the armature of the machine. The curve of the induced emf against the

    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435
    excitation current is the magnetization characteristics or open-circuit characteristics of the
    machine. After taking the reading of the voltage induced Vs the excitation current by
    increasing the current from zero to maximum, readings are taken by reducing the excitation
    from maximum to zero. The curve plotted in Fig -4 shows that while reducing the excitation,
    the emf does not follow the same curve and at zero value of excitation, does not return to zero
    value but ratains some values of the emf. This emf is due to residual magnetism. This due to
    magnetic hysteresis effect. Modern dc machines using steel frames and laminated pole
    structure normally have residual magnetism of two to three percent.

    Load test
    The load test is performed on a d.c. generator to know how it’s terminal voltage changes
    with the load (electrical). It is generally assumed that the speed of the generator is maintained
    constant by prime mover, during this test. The other purpose of the test also could be to find its
    regulation, efficiency and to measure its temperature rise at different loads

    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435
    TABULAR COLUMN - LOAD TEST

    MODEL GRAPH

    V
    E0 I
    II. Internal characteristic
    Generated voltage, Eg

    Eg vs Ia
    Termianl voltage, Vt

    III. External characteristic


    V vs IL

    Ohmic drop in armature

    IL, Ia

    OUTPUT GRAPH:

    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435
    Applications of separately excited generators

    1. Separately excited generators are preferred where the characteristics of dc shunt


    generator are not up to the expected level.
    2. They can be used to excite the field magnets of ac generators.
    3. As the drop in voltage is very small, these generators can be used for supplying loads
    needing constant voltage.
    4. They are used as source for battery charging purpose.
    5. These generators are used for electroplating and electrolysis purpose.

    PRECAUTIONS
    Before starting and after completion of the experiment

    1 . The DC power supply, DC breaker and DC isolator should be in off position.


    2 The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position & motor
    armature rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position.
    3 The generator field rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position
    4 There should not be any load on the machines. (In motor OR in generator)
    PROCEDURE
    Open Circuit Characteristics
    1. Close the DPST (Double Pole Single Throw) switch connecting supply to field
    winding of the Separately Excited DC motor.
    2. Increase the Separately Excited DC motor field voltage to rated value (220V).
    3. Use variable voltage device to increase or decrease the supply
    4. Close the DPST switch connecting supply to armature winding of the Separately
    Excited DC motor.
    5. Increase the motor armature voltage to rated value (440V).
    6. As Separately Excited DC motor is connected mechanically to Separately Excited DC
    generator, so both machines rotate with same speed. Therefore, we can observe speed
    of generator in digital tachometer.
    7. Now increase the excitation of separately excited generator (VFG).
    8. Store this data by clicking “Start Storing Data”.
    9. Now again increase the excitation of separately excited generator (VFG).
    10. Store this data by clicking “Start Storing Data”
    11. Go on repeating this procedure till the rated value of excitation voltage and data is
    stored.
    12. Now display the data by clicking “Show data”.

    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435
    Load Test On Separately Excited DC Motor
    1. Close the DPST (Double Pole Single Throw) switch connecting supply to field
    winding of the Separately Excited DC motor.
    2. Increase the Separately Excited DC motor field voltage to rated value (220V).
    3. Use variable voltage device to increase or decrease the supply
    4. Close the DPST switch connecting supply to armature winding of the Separately
    Excited DC motor.
    5. Increase the motor armature voltage to rated value (440V).
    6. As Separately Excited DC motor is connected mechanically to Separately Excited DC
    generator, So both machines rotate with same speed. Therefore, we can observe speed
    of generator in digital tachometer.
    7. Now increase the excitation of separately excited generator such that o/p of generator
    will be equal to rated value (220V).
    8. Now connect the load by closing the switch as shown in the figure
    9. Note the decrease in voltage of generator and increase in current of generator. As the
    load goes on increasing speed and armature voltage of the generator decreases.
    10. Store this data by clicking “Start Storing Data”
    11. To keep the speed constant at load condition, adjust the field excitation of motor.
    12. Now again increase the load by closing another load switch.
    13. Store this data by clicking “Start Storing Data”
    14. Go on repeating this procedure till all loads are connected and data is stored.
    15. Now display the data by clicking “Show data”.

    INFERENCE :
    1) Magnetic characteristic gives the variation of generating voltage or no load voltage with
    field current at a constant speed. It is also called no-load or open circuit characteristic.
    2) Internal characteristic of DC Generator plots the curve between the generated voltage
    and load current.
    3) External or load characteristics give the relation between the terminal voltage and load
    current at a constant speed.

    RESULT:
    The graph has been plotted using the observed values taken in the online experiment and
    the output graph matches the expected output.

    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435
    Weblinks
    http://em-coep.vlabs.ac.in/Exp1/Experiment1.html
    https://www.onlinecharttool.com/

    V S AKSHIT 19BEE0435

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