A DVA N C E D C H E M I C A L

A I R F I LT R AT I O N I I I I I I I I I I I I I
 1 2 3

Nb lPd Ss
LOW
NO SELF
PRESSURE
BYPASS DROP SUPPORTING

CLEAN AIR SOLUTIONS

4 A D VA N C E D C H E M I C A L A I R F I LT R AT I O N

For over 40 years, Purafil has been the world leader in the designing, engineering, and manufacturing
gas-phase air filtration media, filters, systems and air monitoring instrumentation. Historically, the premise of
gas-phase filtration revolved around various sized and shaped pellets. Purafil, the industry leader, created a
revolutionary delivery system – the GridBLOKTM technology. The Purafil GridBLOKTM delivery system is the
foundation for the next generation of gas-phase air filtration products.

The GridBLOK™ is a new gas-phase air filtration medium in the form of The cellular geometry of the extruded GridBLOK™ provides a high surface
an extruded monolithic block consisting of a large number of small area per unit volume important for proper impregnation of adsorptive
straight and parallel cells or channels. The GridBLOK™ is composed of materials. The size of the cells leads to turbulent flow and forces
essentially 100% adsorbent materials allowing the entire composite contaminated air into and through the gas-permeable cell walls of the
structure to function as a gas filter. GridBLOK™. It also provides the residence time necessary to assure
optimum contact efficiency and the associated high initial and average
Due to the large number of cells in each GridBLOK™, the contact area removal efficiencies. As the air is forced through the GridBLOK™, removal
between the adsorbent layer and the airstream that travels inside the of chemical contaminants takes place.
cells is very large. Furthermore, the cells are straight and parallel so that
the flow is not obstructed and the pressure drop across the GridBLOK™
is extremely low.

A primary role of Purafil’s R&D program is to continually develop new delivery systems for our dry-
scrubbing air filtration media and products. The Purafil patent protected GridBLOK™ delivery system
is the foundation for the next generation of gas-phase air filtration products. The innovative GridBLOK™
delivery system will successfully integrate into Purafil’s Family of Products.

Features and Benefits:

• No bypass – all of the air goes through the filter

• Low pressure drop – provides for energy savings
• Turbulent flow – cell geometry provides high contact efficiency with contaminant gases
• Composite structure – fully available for adsorption with impregnations for specific gases
• Full utilization of the media – removal efficiences and capacties comparable to granular media
• Self supporting – provides structural stability
GridBLOK™ OVERVIEW

The size and shape of the cells in the GridBLOK™ lead to turbulent flow assuring a constant velocity profile in all internal parts of the cells. The
exception is the thin layer of gas at the cell wall, in which the flow velocity sharply increases from an almost zero value. As the gas velocity increases,
it is in this region where the flow begins to change to turbulent flow. It is this turbulent flow that ensures the GridBLOK™’s superior performance.

TURBULENT FLOW

The flow of air through a self-supporting grid structure can be either laminar or turbulent (Figure 1). Laminar flow of gases can only be maintained
up to a critical mean velocity, because at higher velocities turbulent flow begins. Monolithic structures have straight flow paths with very small cell
dimensions and, in many instances, the flow through the channels is laminar, which offers advantages such as low pressure drop. However, laminar
flow also means that there is very little mixing of the airstream during the flow through the grid structure. As a result, the contact efficiency between
the grid’s surface and the contaminant(s) to be removed may be very low with a corresponding low removal efficiency.

The turbulent flow of gases is the most widespread and also the most complex form of fluid movement through a monolithic structure. The flow
of gases and air through the GridBLOK™ delivery system is distributed in such a way that there is great friction between the wall and the flowing
gases. This enhances gas filtration performance due to the turbulence causing extensive and continual mixing across the airstream. More of the
gas molecules contact the walls of the channels and more efficient gas removal is the result.

Figure 1

MAGNIFIED VIEW OF THE

GridBLOK™ CELLULAR
STRUCTURE
GridBLOK VERSUS GRANULAR MEDIA

Various gas-phase air filter designs using granular adsorbents in commercial applications strive to make the large internal surface area (porosity) of the
media accessible to a moving airstream, or more accurately to the undesireable gaseous contaminants in the airstream, so they may be removed. The
better the efficiency of the design in doing so, the better the adsorbent will be utilized.

In packed beds of granular media all of the surface area may not be accessible due to airflow patterns that develop because of non-uniform sized particles,
settling of the media bed, etc. Also, the adsorbent particles have to be of a sufficiently large diameter to provide a manageable pressure drop which can
also prevent full utilization of the adsorbent. When these same adsorbent materials are made available in the GridBLOK structure, the adsorption capacity
can be better utilized and a more efficient filter design is the result. Further, the velocity profile through the GridBLOK is almost constant in all parts of
the cell which provides for a pressure drop significantly lower than a 1” bed of granular media (Figure 2).

Of the parameters that Purafil can control during the GridBLOK™ manufacturing processes, cell dimension, wall thickness, and cell shape have been
optimized for high gas filtration performance. Due to this manufacturing flexibility and the ability to independently manipulate these geometric parameters,
the opportunity also exists to further optimize the design for more specific applications. Design flexibility is much more limited with granular materials
due to the requirement for a separate delivery system (e.g., trays, modules) and having to balance pressure drop versus particle size.

It is desirable to obtain high gas removal efficiencies from small bed volumes. In the GridBLOK™, the structure of the cell walls optimize the open area
for air flow thereby increasing residence time, while increasing the contact efficiency between the contaminant(s) to be removed and cell walls. Due to
the high rate of contaminant diffusion to the interior of the cell wall and empty sites being continuously available for adsorption, the GridBLOK™ provides
better adsorption efficiencies and capacities than prior attempts with monolithic structures.

Adsorption efficiency will depend on how efficiently the molecules come in contact with the cell walls, which is determined by wall thickness, gas flow
rate and concentration as well as by the size of the pores relative to the contaminant molecules. Initially, all the available adsorption sites are vacant and
so all the gas molecules are being adsorbed. At the same time, these molecules begin to diffuse inside the cell wall. As more surface sites become available
due to diffusion to the interior, more adsorption can take place. The walls of the GridBLOK™ structure allow rapid diffusion of gases through the walls to
take advantage of the large internal surface area and provide the maximum removal capacity possible.

Figure 2
 INDEPENDENT TESTING

In spite of the open structure of the GridBLOK™, it has been proven to exhibit breakthrough curves similar to packed beds. This behavior can be
explained in terms of dynamic equilibrium between adsorption and diffusion of the adsorbate molecules into the cell walls.

The GridBLOK™ was submitted to an internationally recognized independent research institute to evaluate its performance relative to traditional 1”
packed beds of granular dry-scrubbing media and experimental data have been obtained using dynamic flow apparatus (Figure 3).

Figure 3

AIR SCRUBBING:

There are currently four types of GridBLOK™ available: The Purakol® GridBLOKTM, the Puracarb® GridBLOKTM, Puracarb® AM GridBLOKTM, and the
Chlorosorb® GridBLOKTM. Just as their granular namesakes, they are effective against a number of gaseous contaminants and can be combined to
provide the best performance in a wide range of applications. The performance of the GridBLOK™’s monolithic structure-based system is comparable
to, and in some cases superior to, traditional packed-bed media systems. Combine these media choices with low pressure drop, and performance
characteristics and you now have a superior option for controlling gaseous contamination.

The Gr id B LOK i s avai l abl e i n the fol l owi ng MEDIA c om positio n s:

1 PURAKOL -
2 PURACARB -
3 Used
PURACARB AM -
4 CHLOROSORB -
® ® ® ®

Used in combination Manufactured specifically for Manufactured with

with other Purafil specifically for the control of enhanced capacity
media to ensure corrosive ammonia and for removal of
broad-spectrum environments and amines. chlorine.
removal of removal of acid
pollutants. gases, including
hydrogen sulfide
and sulfur dioxide,
in industrial
settings.
 The PuraGRID™ is a revolutionary new filter that is designed to supply a large
amount of chemical filtration with minimal amount of pressure drop. Our
MAGNIFIED CELLULAR
newly developed media delivery system offers increased operational STRUCTURE VIEW OF
performance and energy savings. The new PuraGRID™ bridges the gap THE GridBLOK™ INSIDE
T H E P u r a G R I D ™ F I LT E R
between Purafil’s existing line of filtration products, enabling a clean air
solution for every application and market.

PuraGRID™ Filters (IP units)

Filter Type Filter Size, in. Exact Size, in. GridBLOK Media Amount Frame Material Airflow Pressure
Density per Filter Drop
w h d w h d lb/ft3 in3 lb fpm cfm i.w.g.
PuraGRID 2” 24 24 2 23 3/8 23 3/8 1 3/4 27.54 533 8.5 Galvanized 500 2000 0.29
PuraGRID 2” 20 25 2 19 1/2 24 1/2 1 3/4 27.54 444 7.1 Galvanized 500 1736 0.29
PuraGRID 2” 20 20 2 19 1/2 19 1/2 1 3/4 27.54 370 5.9 Galvanized 500 1389 0.29
PuraGRID 2” 16 20 2 15 1/2 19 1/2 1 3/4 27.54 296 4.7 Galvanized 500 1111 0.29
PuraGRID 2” 12 24 2 11 3/8 23 3/8 1 3/4 27.54 266 4.2 Galvanized 500 1000 0.29

PuraGRID 4” 24 24 4 23 3/8 23 3/8 3 3/4 27.54 1353 21.6 Galvanized 500 2000 0.58
PuraGRID 4” 20 25 4 19 1/2 24 1/2 3 3/4 27.54 1127 18.0 Galvanized 500 1736 0.58
PuraGRID 4” 20 20 4 19 1/2 19 1/2 3 3/4 27.54 940 15.0 Galvanized 500 1389 0.58
PuraGRID 4” 16 20 4 15 1/2 19 1/2 3 3/4 27.54 752 12.0 Galvanized 500 1111 0.58
PuraGRID 4” 12 24 4 11 3/8 23 3/8 3 3/4 27.54 676 10.8 Galvanized 500 1000 0.58

PuraGRID™ Filters (metric units)

Filter Type Filter Size, in. Exact Size, mm GridBLOK Media Amount Frame Material Airflow Pressure
Density per Filter Drop
w h d w h d g/cc cm3 kg m/s m3/h Pa
PuraGRID 2” 610 610 51 594 594 44 0.4411 8730 3.9 Galvanized 2.5 3398 73
PuraGRID 2” 508 635 51 495 622 44 0.4411 7275 3.2 Galvanized 2.5 2950 73
PuraGRID 2” 508 508 51 495 495 44 0.4411 6063 2.7 Galvanized 2.5 2360 73
PuraGRID 2” 406 508 51 394 495 44 0.4411 4850 2.1 Galvanized 2.5 1888 73
PuraGRID 2” 305 610 51 289 594 44 0.4411 4365 1.9 Galvanized 2.5 1699 73

PuraGRID 4” 610 610 102 594 594 95 0.4411 22170 9.8 Galvanized 2.5 3398 146
PuraGRID 4” 508 635 102 495 622 95 0.4411 18475 8.2 Galvanized 2.5 2950 146
PuraGRID 4” 508 508 102 495 495 95 0.4411 15396 6.8 Galvanized 2.5 2360 146
PuraGRID 4” 406 508 102 394 495 95 0.4411 12317 5.4 Galvanized 2.5 1888 146
PuraGRID 4” 305 610 102 289 594 95 0.4411 11085 4.9 Galvanized 2.5 1699 146
© Purafil 2009 Tech Brchr--GridBLOK-01

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