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    Solubility Rules

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    tira
    The solubility of a substance is the amount that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent. A solute is the substance that dissolves, and a solvent is what the solute dissolves in to form a solution. Solubility is affected by the intermolecular forces between the solute and solvent as well as temperature. There are also solubility rules that determine whether common ionic compounds will dissolve or precipitate out as solids depending on the ions present.

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    Solubility Rules

    Uploaded by

    tira
    97 views3 pages
    The solubility of a substance is the amount that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent. A solute is the substance that dissolves, and a solvent is what the solute dissolves in to form a solution. Solubility is affected by the intermolecular forces between the solute and solvent as well as temperature. There are also solubility rules that determine whether common ionic compounds will dissolve or precipitate out as solids depending on the ions present.

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    The solubility of a substance is the amount that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent. A solute is the substance that dissolves, and a solvent is what the solute dissolves in to form a solution. Solubility is affected by the intermolecular forces between the solute and solvent as well as temperature. There are also solubility rules that determine whether common ionic compounds will dissolve or precipitate out as solids depending on the ions present.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    97 views3 pages

    Solubility Rules

    Uploaded by

    tira
    The solubility of a substance is the amount that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent. A solute is the substance that dissolves, and a solvent is what the solute dissolves in to form a solution. Solubility is affected by the intermolecular forces between the solute and solvent as well as temperature. There are also solubility rules that determine whether common ionic compounds will dissolve or precipitate out as solids depending on the ions present.

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    CH6A Solubility J.T.

    The solubility of a substance is the amount of that substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent.

    Solute – The substance that dissolves to form a solution

    Solvent – The substance in which a solute dissolves

    Solution – A mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent

    Note:

    A substance is said to be soluble if more than 0.1 g of that substance dissolves in 100 mL solvent.

    Factors Affecting Solubility:

    I. The nature of the intermolecular forces or interionic forces in both the solute and the solvent.
    II. Temperature

    Interparticles Bonds & Solubility


    Example Solubility in different solvents
    Kinds of Chemical Formula Water Alcohol Benzene
    Bonds
    ionic Potassium KCl Very soluble Slightly soluble insoluble
    chloride
    Polar Sugar C12H22O11 Very soluble soluble insoluble
    covalent
    Nonpolar Naphthalene C10H8 insoluble soluble Very soluble
    covalent

    Solubility Rules
    a)

    Nitrates: NO3-
    All nitrates are soluble. Except: Oxynitrates : Antimony &
    Bismuth
    Example K NO3 SbONO3 BiONO3
    Note:

    b)
    Acetates: CH3COO-
    All acetates are soluble. Except: Silver acetate (with
    concentrated solution may
    precipitate):
    Example Ca(CH3COO)2 Ag (CH3COO)
    Note:

    1
    CH6A Solubility J.T.

    c)
    Chlorates: ClO3-
    All chlorates are soluble.
    Example Mg(ClO3)2
    Note:

    d)

    Chlorides: Cl-
    All chlorides, bromides and iodides are Except: Ag, Hg(I) , Pb
    soluble.
    Example CaCl2 AgCl
    Note: Sb & Bi chlorides hydrolyze in water. SbCl3 + H2O → SbOCl(s) + 2HCl

    e)

    Sulfates: SO42-
    All sulfates are soluble. Except: Ba, Sr, Pb
    Example Mg(SO4) Ba(SO4)(s)
    Note: Ca (SO4) Ag2 (SO4), Hg2 (SO4) are slightly soluble in water.

    f)

    Salts of: Na+, K+, NH4+


    All salts of sodium, potassium and Except: such compounds as
    ammonium are soluble K2NaCo(NO2)6, K2PtCl6, …
    Example NH4Br
    Note:

    g)

    Carbonates: CO32-
    All carbonates are insoluble. Except: Na+, K+, NH4+
    Example CaCO3(s) Na2CO3
    Note: Magnesium carbonate is slightly soluble.
    Many hydrogen carbonates, such as Ca (HCO3)2 and Mg (HCO3)2, are soluble.

    h)

    Phosphates: PO43-
    All phosphates are insoluble. Except: Na+, K+, NH4+
    Example Ca3 (PO4)3 (s) (NH4)3(PO4)
    Note: hydrogen phosphates, such as Ca (H2PO4)2, are soluble.

    2
    CH6A Solubility J.T.

    I)

    Sulfides: S2-
    All sulfides are insoluble. Except: Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+,
    Mg2+, Ba2+, Sr2+
    Example PbS(s) Li2S
    Note: hydrogen phosphates, such as Ca (H2PO4)2, are soluble.

    j)

    Hydroxides: OH-
    All hydroxides are insoluble. Except: Na+, K+, NH4+, Ba2+
    Example Ca(OH)2 (s) NaOH
    Note: Calcium and strontium hydroxides are slightly soluble. Magnesium hydroxide is
    only very slightly soluble

    k)

    Arsenates: AsO43-
    All arsenates are insoluble. Except: Na+, K+, NH4+
    Example Zn3 (AsO4)2 (s) K3AsO4
    Note:

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