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    Water and Wastewater Treatment (CEGE0022) : Sand Filtration - Part 3

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    abdul5721
    This document discusses the process of bed expansion in sand filtration. It provides calculations to determine the expanded bed depth and porosity when using different grain sizes in a stratified filter bed under backwash conditions. The total expanded bed depth is calculated to be 1.017 meters, resulting in an expansion ratio of 1.453 compared to the original packed bed depth of 0.7 meters. The overall expanded porosity is calculated to be 0.601, within the expected range of 0.6-0.7. Formulas from previous literature are referenced in determining the minimum fluidization velocity and expanded bed characteristics.

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    Water and Wastewater Treatment (CEGE0022) : Sand Filtration - Part 3

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    abdul5721
    49 views8 pages
    This document discusses the process of bed expansion in sand filtration. It provides calculations to determine the expanded bed depth and porosity when using different grain sizes in a stratified filter bed under backwash conditions. The total expanded bed depth is calculated to be 1.017 meters, resulting in an expansion ratio of 1.453 compared to the original packed bed depth of 0.7 meters. The overall expanded porosity is calculated to be 0.601, within the expected range of 0.6-0.7. Formulas from previous literature are referenced in determining the minimum fluidization velocity and expanded bed characteristics.

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    This document discusses the process of bed expansion in sand filtration. It provides calculations to determine the expanded bed depth and porosity when using different grain sizes in a stratified filter bed under backwash conditions. The total expanded bed depth is calculated to be 1.017 meters, resulting in an expansion ratio of 1.453 compared to the original packed bed depth of 0.7 meters. The overall expanded porosity is calculated to be 0.601, within the expected range of 0.6-0.7. Formulas from previous literature are referenced in determining the minimum fluidization velocity and expanded bed characteristics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views8 pages

    Water and Wastewater Treatment (CEGE0022) : Sand Filtration - Part 3

    Uploaded by

    abdul5721
    This document discusses the process of bed expansion in sand filtration. It provides calculations to determine the expanded bed depth and porosity when using different grain sizes in a stratified filter bed under backwash conditions. The total expanded bed depth is calculated to be 1.017 meters, resulting in an expansion ratio of 1.453 compared to the original packed bed depth of 0.7 meters. The overall expanded porosity is calculated to be 0.601, within the expected range of 0.6-0.7. Formulas from previous literature are referenced in determining the minimum fluidization velocity and expanded bed characteristics.

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    DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL and GEOMATIC ENGINEERING

    WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT


    (CEGE0022)

    SAND FILTRATION – Part 3

    DR LUIZA C. CAMPOS
    Example – Bed expansion in a stratified filter bed

    Average size Fraction Settling


    (mm) (%) Velocity (m/s)
    0.78 18.0 0.135

    0.66 59.0 0.115

    0.55 23.0 0.095

    Packed bed porosity = 0.42 Backwash velocity to be assumed 40 m/h


    Packed bed depth = 0.70 m
    2
    Minimum fluidisation velocity
    Minimum fluidisation velocity will be for largest grains

    0.22
    u
     e     u  v t  e4.545 Fair-Hatch Equation
     vt 

    4.545
    Put e=0.42 u  0.135  0.42
     0.002618 m / s
     9.425m / h 3
    Bed Expansion
    Assuming backwash velocity = 40 m/h =0.01111 m/s

    Size 0.78
    Fraction 18%
    vt 0.135 m/s

    L0 = 0.18 x 0.70 = 0.126 m


    0.22 0.22
    u  0.01111 
    Expanded porosity
     e       0.577
     vt   0.135 

    Expanded bed length Le  L


    1  0   0.126  1  0.42
    1  e 1  0.577
    0.58
     0.126   0.173m 4
    0.423
    Bed Expansion

    Size 0.66
    Fraction 59%
    vt 0.115 m/s

    L0 = 0.59 x 0.70 = 0.413 m


    0.22 0.22
    u  0.01111 
    Expanded porosity
     e       0.598
     vt   0.115 

    Expanded bed length Le L


    1  0 
     0.413 
    1  0.42
    1  e 1  0.598
    0.58
     0.413   0.596m
    0.402
    5
    Bed Expansion

    Size 0.55
    Fraction 23%
    vt 0.095 m/s

    L0 = 0.23 x 0.70 = 0.161 m


    0.22 0.22
    u  0.01111 
    Expanded porosity
     e       0.624
     vt   0.095 

    Expanded bed length Le  L


    1  0   0.161 1  0.42
    1  e 1  0.624
    0.58
     0.161  0.248m
    0.376
    6
    Totals

    Expanded bed depth = 0.173 + 0.596 + 0.248 = 1.017 m

    1.017
    Expanded depth ratio  1.453
    0 .7 (Expected 1.2 – 1.55)

    Expanded porosity e  1 
    L0
    1  0 
    From Eq. (16) Le
    0.70
     1  0.58
    1.017
     0.601 (Expected 0.6 – 0.7)
    Acknowledgement

    Part of these lectures was taken from the lectures of Dr R.


    Mackie (University of Dundee) and Professor Caroline
    Fitzpatrick (UCL).

    References
    Qasim et al. 2000 Water works engineering – planning, design & operation.

    Casey, T.J. 1997 Unit treatment processes in water and wastewater engineering

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