12

General Physics I
First Quarter
(Week 5 - 6)

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education

COPYRIGHT PAGE
Learning Activity Sheet in General Physics I
Grade 12

Copyright © 2020
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Regional Office No. 02 (Cagayan Valley)
Regional Government Center, Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City, 3500

“No copy of this material shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However,
prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary
for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K to 12 Curriculum through the
Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). It can be reproduced for educational
purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an
edited version, an enhancement of supplementary work are permitted provided all original works are
acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this material for
commercial purposes and profit.

Consultants:
OIC, Schools Division Superintendent : EDUARDO C. ESCORPISO JR, EdD, CESO IV
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent : GEORGANN G. CARIASO
OIC-Chief Education Supervisor: : MARCIAL Y. NOGUERA

Development Team
Writer: KYM CLYDE H. MORO, T-III, BNSHS

Content &
Language Editor: FRED V. GIMENEZ, Head Teacher I, Division Science Coordinator

Focal Persons: FRED V. GIMENEZ, Head Teacher I, Division Science Coordinator

EVANGELINE D. CASTILLO, EPS – Learning Resources Mgmt, CID
ALFREDO C. TABUSO, Principal II, BNSHS

Printed by: Schools Division of Batanes

Learning Resources Management Section
San Antonio, Basco, Batanes
 Table of Contents
Page
Competency
number
Apply Newton’s 1st law to obtain quantitative and
qualitative conclusions about the contact and .....................
non-contact forces acting on a body in
equilibrium (Week 5)
Differentiate the properties of static friction and …..................
kinetic Friction (Week 5)
Apply Newton’s 2nd law and kinematics to obtain
quantitative and qualitative conclusions about the …..................
velocity and acceleration of one or more bodies,
and the contact and non-contact forces acting
on one or more bodies (Week 5) 1–8

Solve problems using Newton’s Laws of motion in

contexts such as, but not limited to, ropes and …..................
pulleys, the design of mobile sculptures, transport
of loads on conveyor belts, force needed to move
stalled vehicles, determination of safe driving
speeds on banked curved roads (Week 5)

Calculate the dot or scalar product of vectors …..................

(Week 5)
Determine the work done by a force acting on a …..................
system (Week 5)
Define work as a scalar or dot product of Force …..................
and Displacement (Week 6)

Interpret the work done by a force in one-

…..................
dimension as an area under a Force vs. Position
curve (Week 6)

Relate the gravitational potential energy of a

…..................
system or object to the configuration of the system
(Week 6) 9 – 11

Relate the elastic potential energy of a system or …..................

object to the configuration of the system (Week 6)

Explain the properties and the effects of …..................

conservative Forces (Week 6)

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times.

 Use potential energy diagrams to infer force;
…..................
stable, unstable, and neutral equilibria; and
turning points (Week 6)

Solve problems involving work, energy, and power

in contexts such as, but not limited to, bungee 9-11
jumping, design of roller-coasters, number of
people required to build structures such as the …..................
Great Pyramids and the rice
terraces; power and energy requirements of
human activities such as sleeping vs. sitting vs.
standing, running vs. walking. (Week 6)

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times.

 Week 5

GENERAL PHYSICS 12
Name of Learner: ___________________________ Grade Level: ______________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: ____________________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Applying Newton’s Laws of Motion

Background Information for Learners

NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

The Law of Inertia (Newton’s First law of motion) states that all objects will continue
in their state of uniform motion along a straight line or at rest unless there is a net external force
that will act on it.

The term used to describe an object that has forces in balance acting on it is
equilibrium. In equilibrium, the force acting on an object is canceled out by an equal and
opposite force acting on the object at the same time but in the opposite direction. Moreover,
when forces are unbalanced, the object is no longer in equilibrium. A resultant force, and
acceleration, acts on the object. Thus, resulting to the movement of an object.

Cases where there are unbalanced forces:

Case 1. There is only one force acting on the object.
Case 2. There are two or more force acting on the object. In this case, none of the forces
present does not serve as a balancing force to cancel out each other.

Take note that any object that is accelerating has an unbalanced force acting on it. This
situation can be expressed as:
𝑎 ∝ 𝐹 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑚, 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
Acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied to an object, given that the
mass remains unchanged. However, when force remains constant, the mass increases, and the
acceleration decreases.
1
𝑎⃗ ∝
𝑚
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐹, 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
With the ideas presented, the Law of Acceleration (Newton’s Second Law), which
refers to external force, can be summarized as:
1. If an unbalanced external force acts on an object, the object will accelerate in the
same direction as the force applied.
2. The acceleration of the object depends on the magnitude of the force applied. The
larger the force, the faster it accelerates, and the lesser the force applied, the slower
it accelerates.
3. The acceleration of the object varies inversely with its mass. The more massive the
object, the slower it accelerates, and vice-versa.

Combining the statements above, the result is:

𝐹⃗
⃗⃗𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝒂
𝑎⃗ ∝ 𝑚 , mathematically, the Law of Acceleration is; 𝑭 ⃗⃗

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 Week 5

Ex: A box of mass 5 kg falls off the table and accelerates downwards, towards the
ground. Given that the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s 2 and assuming that air
resistance is negligible. Find the downward force that acts on the box.

Solution:
𝐹⃗𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎⃗
= (5.0𝑘𝑔)(9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 )
= 49.0 𝑘𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 2
⃗⃗𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟒𝟗. 𝟎 𝑵
𝑭

*note: Newton (N) is the unit of force

Law of Interaction (Newton’s Third Law of Motion) states that if Body A exerts a force
FAB on body B, then body B will exert an equal and opposite force FBA on body A.

FAB = -FBA

Forces always occur in pairs called action-reaction pairs. Both forces occur
simultaneously. Either can be called “action” or “reaction”. Neither force exists without the
other.

Action-reaction forces pairs never cancel each other because they act on different
objects

Ex: A force of 60 N [East] acts on 20.0 kg and 10.0 kg blocks adjacent on a frictionless
surface.

Determine the following:

a. Acceleration of blocks A and B
b. Force exerted by block A on block B
c. Force exerted by block B on block B

Solution:

a. To solve for the acceleration of blocks A and B, assume the blocks as one mass.
Draw a free-body diagram and sketch the forces acting on the block:
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡
𝑎⃗ = 𝑚

60 𝑁 [𝐸𝑎𝑠𝑡]
𝑎⃗ = 30 𝑘𝑔

⃗⃗ = 𝟐. 𝟎 𝒎/𝒔𝟐 [𝑬𝒂𝒔𝒕]
𝒂

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 Week 5

b. To solve the force exerted by block A on block B, a free-body diagram for block B
needs to be done. Since the force exerted by block A on block B is acting along the
horizontal direction, using the second law of motion:

Given:𝑎⃗ = 2.0 𝑚/𝑠 2 [𝐸] 𝐹⃗𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎⃗

𝐹⃗𝑛𝑒𝑡 = (10𝑘𝑔)(2.0𝑚/𝑠 2 )

⃗⃗𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟐𝟎 𝑵 [𝑬𝒂𝒔𝒕]
𝑭

c. Construct a free-body diagram on block A and solve the force exerted by block B
on block A.

Given: 𝑎⃗ = 2.0 𝑚/𝑠 2 [𝐸] 𝐹⃗𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎⃗

2.0𝑚
𝐹⃗𝑛𝑒𝑡 = (20𝑘𝑔) ( 𝑠 2 ) [𝐸]

⃗𝑭⃗𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟒𝟎 𝑵 [𝑬𝒂𝒔𝒕]

KINETIC AND STATIC FRICTION

Friction is the contact force that opposes or tends to oppose motion when two surfaces
are in contact. No matter how smooth an object is, if you zoom in and look at all the surfaces
of everyday objects, there will always be tiny bumps and ridges. These microscopic bumps
catch on one another when two objects are moving past each other.
Surface of Object A

Surface of Object B

There are two forms of friction, kinetic and static. If you try to slide two objects past
each other, a small amount of force will result in no motion. The force of friction is greater
than the applied force. This is static friction.

If you apply a little more force, the object “breaks free” and slides, although you still
need to apply force to keep the object sliding. This is kinetic friction. You do not need to apply
quite as much force to keep the object sliding as you needed to initially break free of static
friction.

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 Week 5

NO MOTION MOTION

NEWTON’S LAWS AND THE KINEMATICS EQUATIONS

Example problem: Jisoo, starting from rest, gives her friend Lisa a ride on a sled by
exerting 300N [East] for 5.0 seconds while a frictional force of 200N is acting in the opposite
direction. Determine the following:

a. Acceleration of the sled together with Jisoo and Lisa

b. Final velocity of the sled with Jisoo and Lisa when it reached 5.0 s
c. Distance traveled by the sled with Jisoo and Lisa in 5.0 s
Given:
𝑣⃗𝑖 = 0 𝑚/𝑠 ; 𝑡 = 5.0 𝑠 ; 𝑎⃗ = ?
Solution for (a)
Visualize using a Free-body diagram:
𝐹⃗𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐹⃗𝐽𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑜 + 𝐹⃗𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
490 N
200 N 300 N = 300 𝑁 + (−200𝑁)
m = 50 kg
𝐹⃗𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 100 𝑁 ; since 𝐹⃗𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎⃗

𝐹⃗
490 N 𝑎⃗ = 𝑚 = 100𝑁
50𝑘𝑔
= 𝟐. 𝟎𝒎/𝒔𝟐 [𝑬]

Solution for (b) Use the acceleration above to solve for the final velocity using the kinematic
equation: 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑣⃗𝑓 = 𝑣⃗𝑖 + 𝑎⃗𝑡
= (0𝑚/𝑠) + (2.0𝑚/𝑠 2 ) (5.0𝑠)
⃗⃗𝒇 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎/𝒔
𝒗
1
Solution for (c) Use the kinematic equation 𝛥𝑥⃗ = 𝑣⃗𝑖 𝑡 + 2 𝑎⃗𝑡 2
1
𝛥𝑥⃗ = [(0𝑚/𝑠)(5𝑠)] + 2 [(9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 )(5𝑠)2 ]
⃗⃗ = 𝟐𝟓 𝒎 [𝑬𝒂𝒔𝒕]
𝜟𝒙

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 Week 5

Learning Competency

• Apply Newton’s 1st law to obtain quantitative and qualitative conclusions about
the contact and non-contact forces acting on a body in equilibrium (Week 5)

• Differentiate the properties of static friction and kinetic Friction (Week 5)

• Apply Newton’s 2nd law and kinematics to obtain quantitative and qualitative
conclusions about the velocity and acceleration of one or more bodies, and the
contact and non-contact forces acting on one or more bodies (Week 5)

• Solve problems using Newton’s laws of motion in contexts such as, but not limited
to, ropes and pulleys, the design of mobile sculptures, transport of loads on
conveyor belts, the force needed to move stalled vehicles, determination of safe
driving speeds on banked curved roads (Week 5)

Activity 1: Where do I go?

Direction: Determine the magnitude and direction of the net force. Write your answer on the
space provided.

1. 3.

___________________ ____________________

2. 4.

___________________ ____________________

5.

____________________

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 Week 5

Activity 2: Here! Solve my problems

Direction: Solve the following problems using the concepts of the Law of Acceleration and
Law of Interaction. Write your answers to the space provided.

_________ 1. If a 70 kg skater acted upon by an unbalanced force of 161 N [W], what is its
acceleration?
_________ 2. A force of 360 N [E] was applied by a student on a box with a mass of 50 kg.
What is the acceleration of the box if a frictional force of 340 N acts in the
opposite direction?
_________ 3. A 10 kg box is being pushed by an applied force and accelerates at 2.5 m/s 2.
What is the applied force if a frictional force of 50 N is acting in the opposite
direction?
_________ 4. Consider two sleds that are connected by a rope. The first sled has a mass of 60
kg, while the second sled has a mass of 40 kg. If a force of 250 N acting in the
direction along the East is pulled by a rope connected to the first sled, determine
the acceleration of the two sleds.
_________ 5. What is the applied force needed on a 2.0 kg block of wood accelerating at 4.0
m/s2 along with a rough table with a 10 N force of friction acting in the opposite
direction?

Activity 3: Give me some!

Direction: Give the concepts of kinetic and static friction at least five (5) everyday situations
where each concept is applied and observed.

Kinetic Friction Static Friction

1. _________________________________ 1. _________________________________
_________________________________ _________________________________
_________________________________ _________________________________

2. _________________________________ 2. _________________________________
_________________________________ _________________________________
_________________________________ _________________________________

3. _________________________________ 3. _________________________________
_________________________________ _________________________________
_________________________________ _________________________________

4. _________________________________ 4. _________________________________
_________________________________ _________________________________
_________________________________ _________________________________

5. _________________________________ 5. _________________________________
_________________________________ _________________________________
_________________________________ _________________________________

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 Week 5

Activity 4: Dynamics – Kinematics Combo!

Direction: Solve the problem below by applying the concept of Newton’s Laws of motion and
by using the Kinematics equations. Write your solution on the space provided.

A dockworker applies a constant horizontal

force of 80.0N to a block of ice on a smooth
horizontal floor. The frictional force is negligible.
The block starts from rest and moves 11.0m in
5.00s. Determine the following:
a. What is the mass of the block of ice?
b. If the worker stops pushing at the end of
5.00s, how far does the block move in the
next 5.00s?

Activity 5: Is it magic? No, it’s Physics!

Direction: Justify the following situations using the concept of Newton’s Laws of motion.
Write your answers to the space provided.

1. A boat with a sail has an electric fan inside. When the fan starts, will the boat move?
Why or why not?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

2. A butterfly and a truck collide, which applied the greater force on the other? Why?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

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 Week 5

Rubric for Scoring

Features 3 2 1
Written justification Written justification Written justification
exhibited the correct exhibited a correct was based on
Concept relation and complete but incomplete ordinary
application of the application of the assumptions
concept concept
Free of errors i.e., Minimal errors i.e., Full of erasure and
Quality of writing grammatical errors, grammatical, grammatical errors
erasures, etc. erasure.

Reflection
In this activity, I learned that
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
I enjoyed most on
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
I want to learn more on
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

References for Learners

Department of Education, (2018) General Physics I Learner’s Material
Santos, G., (2017) General Physics I, First Edition. Rex Bookstore.
Pang, R., (2014) O-Level Physics, 2nd Ed, Educational Publishing House Pte. Ltd.

Answer Key

Activity 1 Activity 2
1. 10.4 N, North / 10.4 N, 90 degrees 1. 2.3 m/s2 [West]
2. 0 N, at rest / stationary 2. 0.4 m/s2 [East]
3. 63.4 N, 260 degrees / 63.4 N, Southwest 3. 75 N
4. 12.17 N, 43.67 degrees / 12.17 N, Northeast 4. 2.5 m/s2 [East]
5. 3.7 N, 45 degrees 5. >10 N opposite to the
friction
Activity 3 (example answers)
Kinetic Friction Static Friction
A baseball player sliding into the A car parked on a hill.
second base during a game using the force
of kinetic friction to slow down

Activity 4 Activity 5
a. m = 90.9 kg Answers may vary
b. ∆𝑥⃗ = 22 meters
Prepared by:

KYM CLYDE H. MORO

Writer

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 Week 6

GENERAL PHYSICS 12
Name of Learner: ___________________________ Grade Level: ______________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: ____________________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Work, Power, and Energy

Background Information for Learners

In the previous topic, we utilized the concept of Newton’s laws of motion to analyze
the motion of objects. It served as a useful model in analyzing and predicting an object’s final
state of motion. Relating the concept as mentioned above to analyze physical phenomena
through the concepts of work, power, and energy will help in a deeper understanding of forces,
its influences, and its fundamental energy applications.

Dot or Scalar Products – are called to quantities obtained when multiplying two vector
quantities, hence, becoming a scalar quantity.

example: Work (𝑊) is a scalar product of two vector

quantities: Force (𝐹⃗ ) and displacement (𝛥𝑥⃗)
Work (W) – Work is defined as the product of force and displacement
where: 𝑾 = ⃗𝑭⃗ ⋅ 𝜟𝒙⃗⃗ or 𝑾 = ⃗𝑭⃗𝜟𝒙 ⃗⃗𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
– Since work is a scalar product, the maximum value when force
and displacement are parallel to each other is 𝜽 = 𝟎𝟎
Example: How much work is done by a force of 20N that was applied to push a
package of 8.0m along the floor?

Given: 𝐹⃗ = 20N ; 𝛥𝑥⃗ = 8.0m (since 𝑥⃗𝑖 = 0𝑚)

Solution: 𝑊 = 𝐹⃗ ⋅ 𝛥𝑥⃗
= (20𝑁) ⋅ (8.0𝑚)
𝑾 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝐍𝐦 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟔𝟎 J

Work done by a constant force

Considering the graph of a Force x displacement graph:

since: 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑐 = 𝑏 • ℎ
= (3𝑚) • (20𝑁)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑐 = 60𝑁𝑚 or 60J
assume:
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑐 = 𝑊 ; thus, 𝑾 = 60J

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 Week 6

Work done by a varying force

Considering the Force x displacement graph below:

To solve this problem, assume that 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑐 = 𝑊 = 𝐹⃗ ⋅ 𝛥𝑥⃗ , and divide the graph into six
different areas (A, B, C, D, E, and F) and add their different areas, thus:
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐴 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐵 + 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐶 +. . . 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝐹

Then, we note that each area corresponds to either a triangle (A, C, D, F) or a rectangle
(B and E).
1
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 2 𝑏 • ℎ ; 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 𝑏 • ℎ
After this, we can now convert the equation accordingly and excise the values from the
graph:
1 1 1 1
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐹⃗𝐴 𝛥𝑥⃗𝐴 + 𝐹⃗𝐵 𝛥𝑥⃗𝐵 + 𝐹⃗𝐶 𝛥𝑥⃗𝐶 + 𝐹⃗𝐷 𝛥𝑥⃗𝐷 +𝐹⃗𝐸 𝛥𝑥⃗𝐸 + 𝐹⃗𝐹 𝛥𝑥⃗𝐹
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = (40𝑁)(1𝑚) + (40𝑁)(2𝑚) + (40𝑁)(1𝑚) + (−20𝑁)(1𝑚)
2 2 2
1
+ (−20𝑁)(1𝑚) + (−20𝑁)(0.5𝑚)
2

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = (20 J) + (80 J) + (20 J) + (−10 J) + (−20 J) + (−5 J)

𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟖𝟓 𝐉

Joule (J) – It is the unit of work and energy. Applying a force on an object
of 1 Newton (N) that moves 1 meter (m) is one Joule of work.
The unit came from the name of English Physicist James
Prescott Joule since he established the relationship between
mechanical work and heat transfer.

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 Week 6

Positive, Negative, and Zero Work

Work and Change in Speed

Work is related to the change in speed of an object
If an object is moving, then it is capable of doing work

Power (P) – Power is the rate of doing work, which is expressed as:
𝑾 𝛥𝑥⃗
𝑷= or 𝑷 = 𝑭 ⃗⃗𝒗
⃗⃗ - since 𝑊 = 𝐹⃗ 𝛥𝑥⃗ and 𝑣⃗ =
𝒕 𝑡
where: W is work, t is time, F is force, and v is the velocity

Example: Determine the power performed by a 60kg man running up the stairs
with a height of 4.5m in 4.0 seconds?

Given: 𝑚 = 60𝑘𝑔 ; 𝛥𝑥⃗ = 4.5m ; 𝑡 = 4.0𝑠

Solution:
In this particular problem, initially find the force using 𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗𝑔
𝑎⃗𝑔 = 9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 (recall the concept of mass vs weight), thus;
𝐹⃗ = (60𝑘𝑔)(9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 )
𝐹⃗ = 588 𝑁
since 𝑊 = 𝐹⃗ 𝛥𝑥⃗ (based on the given above)
𝑊 = (588𝑁)(4.5𝑚)
𝑊 = 2,646 J
𝑊
Lastly, solving for power based on the equation 𝑃 = 𝑡
(2,646𝐽)
𝑃= (4.0𝑠)
𝑷 = 𝟔𝟔𝟏. 𝟓 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔

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 Week 6

Watt (W) – It is the unit of power in recognition of the contributions of

James Watt during the Industrial Revolution. Which is:
𝐽𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒
1 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡 (𝑊 ) = 1
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑

Energy – Energy is defined as the ability to do work, which means that

any object with energy can do work on another object.

Kinetic Energy (KE) – is known as the “energy in motion”; it is the energy possessed
by an object that is moving.
𝟏
– it expressed as 𝑲𝑬 = 𝟐 𝒎𝒗 ⃗⃗𝟐 ; where 𝑚 = mass and 𝑣⃗ = velocity
– changes in the Kinetic energy of an object is related to work
done on an object:
• If the velocity of an object increases, 𝑣⃗𝑓 > 𝑣⃗𝑖
then it means work is done ON the object.
• If the velocity of the object decreases, 𝑣⃗𝑓 < 𝑣⃗𝑖
then it means work is done BY the object.
Work and Energy – The Work-Energy Theorem can be derived from Newton’s 2nd
relationship Law of Motion to show that: W = ΔKE, expanding this:
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝑾 = 𝟐 𝒎𝒗 ⃗⃗𝒇 − 𝒎𝒗 ⃗⃗𝒊 ; where 𝑣⃗𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣⃗𝑖 are final and
𝟐
initial velocities, and m is mass
– This equation means that (1) doing work on an object will
change its kinetic energy; or (2) a change in an object’s kinetic
energy means it has done work or work was done on it.
Work and Energy – Suppose that a very strong man carries a large rock straight up
relationship the hill with a huge amount of work. The work being done by
the power lifter on the large rock is the same amount of energy
to carry it. Thus, the very strong man is transferring energy to
the large rock. If he lets go of this rock, it will fall back to its
initial position, and on its way down, it can push objects. And
every time work is done, energy is transferred.

Work is a transfer of Energy, mathematically;

W = ΔE where
W – is the work performed by an object in Joules
ΔE – is the change in energy of the object in Joules

Transformation of
Energy in a Swinging
Ball

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 Week 6

Gravitational Potential – based on the basic definition of potential energy as “stored”

Energy (Ugrav) energy, Gravitational Potential Energy is the stored energy of
an object due to its position relative to Earth’s surface.
𝑼𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗 = 𝒎𝒂 ⃗⃗𝒈 𝜟𝒚
⃗⃗
where: m is mass in kilograms
𝑎⃗𝑔 is the acceleration due to gravity
𝛥𝑦⃗ is the height in meters where
𝛥𝑦⃗ = 𝑦𝑓 − 𝑦𝑖 (final height – initial height)

– based on the equation, comparing two objects with the same

mass, Gravitational Potential Energy is dependent to the
vertical position of the object:
• The higher the position of an object, the larger its 𝑼𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗
Elastic Potential – it is the energy of an object due to its position relative to its
Energy equilibrium position.
𝟏
𝑼𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄 = 𝒌𝜟𝒙 ⃗⃗𝟐 ; where k is the force constant
𝟐
Conservative – Conservative forces acting on an object conserves energy,
Force which means that the initial and final total energies are the
same, thus, 𝑬𝒊 = 𝑬𝒇
– Conservative forces would result in work that are path-
independent (only the initial and final states matter).
Example: Gravity
Non-conservative – Non-conservative forces would lead to work that do not
Force conserve energy, which means that the initial and final states
do not have the same energy, thus, 𝑬𝒊 ≠ 𝑬𝒇
– Non-conservative forces are path dependent.
Example: Friction
Energy Conservation – The energy conservation law states that:
“Energy is not created nor destroyed; it is only
transformed. In the absence of Non-conservative forces,
the initial and final energies of a system remain constant”
– In equation form, it is expressed as:
𝑾𝑵𝑪 = 𝑬𝒇 − 𝑬𝒊 and if 𝑾𝑵𝑪 = 𝟎, then 𝑬𝒊 = 𝑬𝒇
– The energy conservation law also implies that the total energy
of a system is constant such that 𝑬𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝑲𝑬 + 𝑼𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗

Learning Competency

• Define work as a scalar or dot product of Force and Displacement (Week 6)

• Interpret the work done by a force in one- dimension as an area under a Force vs.
Position curve (Week 6)
• Relate the gravitational potential energy of a system or object to the configuration
of the system (Week 6)
• Relate the elastic potential energy of a system or object to the configuration of the
system (Week 6)
• Explain the properties and the effects of conservative Forces (Week 6)

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 Week 6

Activity 1: Let’s by Analytic!

Direction: Solve the following problems using the concepts of Work and Power. Write your
answers on the space provided.
1. How much work is done by a power lifter that pushes a car with a force of 800 N at a
distance of 200m?

2. How much work is done if a man pushes a refrigerator across a floor with a distance of
1.2 m and a 350 N force of friction that opposes the motion of the refrigerator? (Clue:
take note of the Friction)

3. How much work is done on the block if a 2.0 kg block was accelerated at 5.0 m/s2 with
a distance of 0.50m across a frictionless table? (Clue: Newton’s 2nd Law)

4. How much work is done by a force of 20 N that was applied to push a package of 8.0m
along an inclined plane where the angle of inclination is 36°?

5. To save the world, Gohan should punch Cell with a force of 250 N at a speed of 15.0
m/s. How much power must Gohan exert to create this heroic punch?

6. Calculate the power needed by a pulley that makes 6.6x10 2 Joules of work in 5.00
minutes. (Clue: Review conversion of units from minutes to seconds)

7. Calculate the time needed for a 2.5 kW electric motor that performs 7.5x10 4 Joules of
applied work. (Clue: Review conversion of units i.e., kilo, mega, tera, etc.)

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 Week 6

8. Solve the work done by a 500 W electric mixer in 2.5 minutes.

9. Calculate the power made by a 50 kg young, dumb, and broke high school kid running
up the stairs with a height of 3.00 m in 2.50 s. (Clue: Weight = mg)

10. How much work is done in kilowatt-hours by a 25 kW water pump which is operating
continuously for a week? (Clue: Conversion of Units)

Activity 2: Oh no, shapes and lines!

Direction: Solve for the total work done based on the given graph below. Write your answer
on the space provided.

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 Week 6

Activity 3: Don’t drink and Derive!

Direction: Read the given statement below and derive the equation. Write your answer on the
space provided.

Based on the Work-Energy theorem, it shows that Work is equal to the change
in Energy, thus, W = ΔE, and with the relationship between Work and Energy
combined with Newton’s 2nd law, such that W = ΔUgrav and/or W = ΔKE, therefore,
we can safely say that KE = Ugrav

⃗⃗
Show that 𝑣 = √2𝑎⃗𝑔 ℎ

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 Week 6

Activity 4: Energy, Energy Gap!

Direction: Using the concepts of Kinetic, Potential, Elastic, and thee Work-Energy Theorem,
answer the following problems. Write your answers on the space provided.

1. Ceres is the largest and most massive asteroid in the solar system’s asteroid belt. It
has an estimated mass of 9.4x1020 kg and an orbital speed of 17,900 m/s. Determine
the kinetic energy of Ceres.

2. Ana’s father climbs the stairs in their house and increases his potential energy by
2,000 J when he does. The mass of Ana’s father is 81 kg. If Ana, who has a mass
of 40 kg, climbs the stairs, how much potential energy would she gain?

3. Elsa was choosing springs to use on her icy door. She noticed that spring A was
stiffer than spring B; that is kA>kB. Which spring will have more elastic potential
energy stored if:
a. They are compressed the same distance
b. If the same force is applied on them?

4. During a flood, a rescue helicopter was used to lift a 79 kg person to safety. The
person has an upward acceleration of 0.65m/s2 and is lifted from rest to a vertical
distance of 13 m. Determine the following:
a. What is the tension (Ftension) on the cable?
b. What is the work done by the tension?
c. What is the work done by the person’s weight?
d. What is the speed of the person at 11 m?
(Clue: Use derived formula from Activity 3)

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 Week 6

Activity 5: J for Justify!

Direction: Read the statements properly. Justify your answers based on the concepts of Work,
Power, and Energy. Write your answers on the space provided.

1. You and your friend, who is an expert skier, are testing some experimental frictionless
skis. You make a wager that her speed will not be greater at the finish than you if she
takes the expert’s ramp. She does not realize that you are taking General Physics I. You
both start from rest. Who wins the bet?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

2. Why does a swinging colliding pendulum a.k.a. Newton’s cradle eventually stop? And
how do you make it swing perpetually?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

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 Week 6

Rubric for Scoring

Features 3 2 1
Written justification Written justification Written justification
exhibited the correct exhibited a correct was based on
Concept relation and complete but incomplete ordinary
application of the application of the assumptions
concept concept
Free of errors i.e., Minimal errors i.e., Full of erasure and
Quality of writing grammatical errors, grammatical, grammatical errors
erasures, etc. erasure.
Reflection
In this activity, I learned that
___________________________________________________________________________
I enjoyed most on
___________________________________________________________________________
I want to learn more on
___________________________________________________________________________
References for Learners
Department of Education, (2018) General Physics I Learner’s Material
Santos, G., (2017) General Physics I, First Edition. Rex Bookstore.
Pang, R., (2014) O-Level Physics, 2nd Ed, Educational Publishing House Pte. Ltd.

Answer Key

Activity 1 Activity 2
1. 1.6x105 J 6. 2.2 W Wnet = 18.75 J
2. -420J 7. 30s
3. 5.0 J 8. 3.75x104 J Activity 4
4. 129.44 J 9. 588 W 1. KE = 3.012x1029 J
5. 3,750 Watts 10. 4.2x103 kWh 2. PE = 988 J
3. (a) Spring A
Activity 3 (derivation) (b) Spring B
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑈𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣 4. (a) 826 N
1 (b) 10,732 J
⃗⃗
𝑚𝑣⃗ 2 = 𝑚𝑎⃗𝑔 ℎ
2 (c) -10,065 J
1 (d) 3.8 m/s
⃗⃗) 2
(2 𝑚𝑣⃗ 2 = 𝑚𝑎⃗𝑔 ℎ
𝑚𝑣⃗ 2 2𝑚𝑎⃗𝑔 ℎ ⃗⃗
Activity 5
=
𝑚 𝑚 Answers may vary
2
𝑣⃗ = 2𝑎⃗𝑔 ℎ⃗⃗

⃗⃗
√𝑣⃗ 2 = √2𝑎⃗9 ℎ

⃗⃗𝟗 ⃗𝒉⃗
⃗⃗ = √𝟐𝒂
𝒗

Prepared by:

KYM CLYDE H. MORO

Writer

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