7

English
Learner’s Material
First Quarter – Module 1
Analogy to Show
Relationships of Words

NAME: _________________________________________________

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Introductory Message
For the learner:

Welcome to the English 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module 1

Analogy to show relationship of words.
This module presents varied learning activities that help you understand the
relationship of words and how they fit together, give you practice in making
connections while recognizing recently acquired vocabulary, reinforce your critical
thinking skills and conceptual understanding; thus, improve not only your vocabulary
skills but also your reading comprehension and verbal reasoning abilities.
This is designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or
Know competencies you are expected to learn
in the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you
link the current lesson with the previous
one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as
a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be
given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
retention of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in
the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use your English notebook in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the directions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

Table of Contents
What I Need to Know ---------------- 1

What I Know ---------------- 2

Lesson 1 ---------------- 4

What’s In ---------------- 4

What’s New ---------------- 5

What is It ---------------- 8

What’s More ---------------- 12

What I Have Learned ---------------- 14

What I Can Do ---------------- 15

Assessment ---------------- 16

Additional Activities ---------------- 18

Answer Key ---------------- 19

References ---------------- 20
 What I Need to Know

Analogy is a powerful tool which challenges and encourages you to think

critically. It is a strong device used to show connections and comparisons between
unlike things which highlight how they are alike (Barbacena, 2010).
Oral language development lays the foundation for the skills in reading and
writing. These skills will be developed later as you progress through school. Solid
foundation in oral language will help you become a successful reader and strong
communicator. It also boosts your confidence and overall sense of well-being.
After working on this module, you will be able to supply appropriate terms to
complete an analogous series of words or expressions; specifically, you will be able
to:

1. define analogy;
2. determine the relationship of a given set of words in analogy;
3. compare traits of characters in the story read using analogy; and
4. supply terms to complete analogous series of words based on sentence
form, analogous pair and figurative analogy.
 What I Know

Before starting with this module, let us see what you already know about
analogy. Answer the questions below.

Directions: Read the statements carefully then write the letter of your choice
in your English notebook.

I.Analogy in sentence form: Choose the word that best completes each
analogy.

1. Bark is to Dog as Meow is to ________.

A. Bird B. Cat C. Pig
2. Banana is to Yellow as Makopa is to ______ .
A. Blue B. Orange C. Red
3. Ear is to Hear as Tongue is to ______.
A. Sight B. Smell C. Taste
4. Mango is a Fruit as Rose is a _______.
A. Flower B. Spicy C. Vegetable
5. School is to Students as Hospital is to _______.
A. Patients B. Priest C. Vendors

II. Analogous Pair: Choose the correct word to complete the idea.

6. hammer : nail :: comb : ______

A. feet B. hair C. hands
7. hot : oven :: cold : ______
A. karaoke B. refrigerator C. TV
8. scrub : wash :: sob : ______
A. cry B. sad C. tease
9. screen : ______ :: lens : camera
A. computer B. cord C. keyboard
10. ________: wrist :: belt : waist
A. arm B. bracelet C. hand
III.Figurative Analogy: Identify the two things compared in the statement.

11. A good book is a friend.

A. good : book B. good : friend C. book : friend
12. Life is like a race.
A. life : race B. life : like C. like : race
13. She is as innocent as a baby.
A. she : innocentB. she : baby C. innocent : baby
14. Love is a game. There is a winner and a loser.
A. love : loser B. love : game C. love : winner
15. My children are my guiding stars.
A. children : guide B. children : guiding stars C. guide : stars
Activity: Match Me!
Directions: Show relationship by matching column A with the picture in
column B. Write your answer in your English notebook.

A B
1. Covid -19 A.

2. farmer B.

3. tree C.

4. school D.

5. plaza E.
 6.crowd F.

7.summer G. .

By now, you should have noticed that analogy is all about relationship of
words or concepts and how they connect to each other.

What’s New

Activity: Let’s Converse!

Directions: Read the short dialogue between a saleslady and a costumer. Then,
take note of the relationship of the following pairs of words lifted from the dialogue.

Good morning. How may I help you?

Good morning. I’m looking for an

elegant dress for a party.

What color do you like?

 I don’t know. What colors do you have?

We have variety of colors.

How about blue?
I think it matches your eyes and your brown hair!

Okay. Please hand me a medium size.

Sure, here it is.

Can I try it on?

Of course. The fitting room is there.

Does it fit?

Well, it is smaller than my fit.

Do you have a bigger one?

Only in red.
Would you like to try it on?

Yes, thank you.

It fits perfectly.

Yes, and it suits you well.

 How much is it?

It’s 500 pesos.

I will buy this.

Here’s the money.

Please proceed to counter 3 for your payment, Ma’am.

Thank you.

You’re welcome.
Thanks for shopping here.
Goodbye.

Thank you and goodbye.

Now, I have here some pairs of words lifted from the dialogue. Note the
relationship of each pair.

PAIR OF WORD RELATIONSHIP

eyes : face Part to Whole
she wanted to buy a dress : she went to the mall Cause and Effect
saleslady : mall Person to Situation
little : small Synonym
elegant : unattractive Antonym
shopping mall : city Geography
morning : evening Time

These pairs show the different types of relationship in analogy.

This is good to know . . .

Analogy is a pair of terms that has common relationship. In most cases, you will
not only determine the common relationship between each pair but you will also
have to identify which term makes up each pair. Usually, you are given two terms in
the format A : B, which could be read as A related to B (Barbacena, et. al., 2010).
Example:
(A) : (B)
kitchen : house - Kitchen and House are related since kitchen
is part of the house.

Writers use analogy to connect unfamiliar words or new ideas with common and
familiar objects. It functions as description or explanation of one thing by examining
its similarities and differences and forces the reader to understand the connection
between them. Using this technique, vocabulary
skills as well as speed in reading comprehension are enhanced.

Types of Relationships in Analogy

 There are seven common types of relationships in analogy.
1. Part to Whole
A relationship in analogy in which one term is part of the other term.
Example:
eyes : face (The eyes are part of the face.)
2. Cause and Effect
A relationship in analogy in which one term is the result of the other term.
Example:
she wanted to buy a dress : she went to the mall
(She wanted to buy a dress so she went to the mall.)
3. Person to Situation
A relationship in analogy in which one term is the work place of the other.
Example:
saleslady : mall (A saleslady works in a mall.)
4. Synonym
A relationship in analogy in which both terms have the same meaning.
Example:
little : small (Both terms mean the same.)
5. Antonym
A relationship in analogy in which the terms are opposite in meaning.
Example:
elegant : unattractive (The words have opposite meaning.)
6. Geography
A relationship in analogy in which one of the terms can be situated in the other.
Example:
shopping mall : city (Shopping mall is found in the city.)
7. Time
A relationship in analogy in which both terms speak of time element.
Example:
morning : evening (Both indicate time.)

Now that you know the types of relationships in analogy, try to answer these.

Activity: Connected To The Target !

I. Directions: Determine the type of relationship expressed in the pair of words
given. Choose your answer from the box. Then, write your answer in your English
notebook.

Part to Whole Person to Situation Antonym

1. Big : Small :: Full : Empty

Relationship: _________________

2. Leaves : Tree :: Sand : Sea

Relationship: _________________

3. Volcanic Eruption : Earthquake :: El Niño : Drought

Relationship: __________________

4. Luzon : Manila :: Mindanao : Davao

Relationship: __________________

5. Year : Month :: Week : Day

Relationship: __________________

6. Huge : Big :: Narrow : Slim

Relationship: __________________

7. Pilot : Airplane :: Priest : Church

Relationship: __________________
 8. Page : Book :: Ink : Ballpen

Relationship: _________________

9. Tired : Sleep :: Hungry : Eat

Relationship: _________________

10. Teacher : School :: Doctor : Hospital

Relationship: __________________

II. Complete the pair based on the type of relationship given.

1. Part to Whole
branch : _____ (A. forest B. root C. tree )

2. Cause and Effect

Virus : ____ (A. Covid - 19 B. Diarrhea C.Typhoid Fever)

3. Person to Situation
Police : _____(A. barracks B. gasoline station C.police station)

4. Time
New Year : ____ (A. February B. January C. March)

5. Synonym
smile : ____ (A. joyful B. sad C. worried )

6. Antonym
hardworking : ____ (A. active B. industrious C. lazy)

7. Geography
Durian : ____ (A. Baguio B. Cebu C. Davao)

III. Complete the analogy by providing the correct pair of word from the
choices given. Write the answers in your English notebook.
1. dark : night :: strong : ____
A. fragile B. powerful C. weak
2. sheet : pad :: petal : ____
A. flower B. shrub C. tree
3. coward : brave :: loud : ____
A. calm B. quiet C. sharp
4. happy : laugh :: sad: ____
A. cry B. glad C. weep
5. student : school :: painter : ____
A. art gallery B. auditorium C. gymnasium
6. dawn : morning : twilight : ____
A. dusk B. sunrise C. sunset
7. Philippines : Asia :: Italy : ____
A. America B. Australia C. Europe
8. plus : add :: minus : ____
A. divide B. multiply C. subtract
Activity: Comic Strips
Directions: This comic strips is taken from the story of Creation (Panayan
Version).

This act made Tungkung Langit very angry.

Sea breeze, I
Immediately, after his return from the trip, he called
command you to spy
his wife’s attention.
on my husband!

It is ungodly of you to act If you don’t like

like that! I am busy what I did, it is
imposing order over the better to part
confused world, I thought ways.
you trusted me!
 Tungkung Langit deprived Alunsina’s power
After so many years, Tungkung Langit
and drove her away.
realized that life is empty without Alunsina.
Sometimes, he cried aloud. The people of Panay
Forgive Me. You’re not If that’s what you want I
am willing to surrender believed that rain on Earth are his tears. And
worthy anymore to be my
goddess. I have to take everything I have as you when it thunders hard, the old folks also
all the powers you have. pleased. Goodbye. assumed that it is his sobbing, calling for his
beloved Alunsina to come back.

(English Learner’s Material, 2017)

When analogies are used in myths, legends and short stories to express comparison
of two unlike things but share common property, it is called Figurative Analogy. It
comes in statement form.
Example:
The rain is Tungkung Langit’s tears and thunders are his sobbing.
The writer compares Tungkung Langit’s tears to rain as he burst into tears
because of his heavy heart, in the same way when clouds are heavy, they fall as
rain; while the loudness of his cry is compared to the intensity of thunder.

Activity: Let’s Compare!

Directions: Complete the statements that follow and reveal the traits of the
characters from the comic strip read. Choose the answer in the box after
each statement. Write your answer in your English notebook.

1.Alunsina is a jealous wife. She doesn’t have ___________________.

A. care B. hope C. trust
2. Tungkung Langit is an erupting volcano when angry. He is___________.
A. irritable B. moody C. violent

3. Tungkung Langit wants order and peace in his place. He is a___________

leader.
A. concerned B. kind C. wise

4. The love of Tungkung Langit and Alunsina is weak. It is not ____________.

A. romantic B. strong C. sweet

5. Both are impatient because ________________.

A. they are hot-tempered.
B. they easily give up their love.
C. they did not find ways to fix their problem.

Activity: You Can Do It !

Directions: Identify the things compared in the statement below.

1. Problems are just like spices in life.

A. spices and life B. problem and life C. problems and spices

2. He is as big as an elephant.
A. he and big B. he and elephant C. big and elephant

3. Her skin is like a snow.

A. her and skin B. her and snow C. skin and snow

4. The sun is a golden ball.

A. sun and ball B. golden and ball C. sun and golden ball

5. Her hair is as dark as the night.

A. hair and dark B. dark and night C. hair and night

 Now, tell me what you have learned about analogies.

Activity: Let’s Sum Up!

Directions:
A. Check (√) the appropriate column that is true about analogy.
Statement Yes No
1. Analogy is a relationship of words or
concepts and how they connect to each
other.
2. Analogies are used in stories to express
comparison of two unlike things that share
common property.
3. Analogy makes understanding the
relationship of words difficult.
4. Analogy improves my vocabulary, thus,
sharpens my reading and writing skills.
5. Analogy solely focuses on similarities of
words.

B. On the blanks provided, write 2 to 3 sentences summing up your learning.

I learned that analogy _________________________________.

____________________________________________._______________________
_________________________.

Activity: Mirror! Mirror!

Directions: Draw an object that you can compare yourself with. Using figurative
analogy, write a 5-sentence paragraph to explain the comparison. Follow the model
given. Use your English notebook.
Example:
I am as lovable as a flower because
_______________________________________.___________________________
____________________.______________________________________________
____________________.______________________________________________
__________.____________________________________.

You are almost there! Let us check what you have learned about this topic.
Answer the questions given below by writing the letter of your answer in your English
notebook.

I. Directions: Complete the analogy of the given pair of words.

1. Maria Christina Falls : Lanao del Norte :: _______ : Misamis Occidental

A. Mt. Hibok-Hibok B. Mt. Kanlaon C. Mt. Malindang

2. Road : ______ :: Net : Court

A. bar B. highway C. radar

3. Quick : slow :: youthful : _______

A. adult B. aged C. child
 4. Chef : restaurant :: banker : _______

A. bakery B. bank C. mall

5. Shy : timid :: glossy : _______

A. rough B. sandy C. shiny

6. Second : minute :: _____ :: day

A. hour B. month C. week

7. Thirsty : drink :: _______ : eat

A. excited B. hungry C. sleepy

II. Directions: Look for the pair which expresses the same relationship as the given
pair.
Choose your answer from the pairs given. Write your answer in your
English Notebook.

1. big : huge :: ___ : ___

A. fat : slim B. pleasant : attractive C. tidy : dirty

2. nurse : hospital :: ____ :: ____

A. Cebu : Sinulog B.s farmer : plow C. judge : courtroom

3. day : night :: ____ : ____

A. kitchen : knife B. month : year C. thirsty : drink

4. collar : shirt :: ____ : ____

A. church : Holy Water B. quite : silent C. zipper : jeans
II. Directions: Read the short story and then complete the given statements below.
Choose your answer from the words in the parenthesis. Write your answer on your
English Notebook.

Once upon a time in the Philippines, there was

an old woman with strange magical qualities. The local
villagers had noticed her house seemed brighter at
night even though there was no electricity. According
to rumors some had even seen dwarfs helping the
mysterious and beautiful woman at night. No one ever
discovered the source of the mysterious night time
glow.

She lived in the forest on the outskirts of a

fishing village and was famous for her beautiful
flowers. The fishermen would barter their treasured catch for her flowers.

A young couple came to visit the village. They were haughty and were not
from around there. A proud pair that hated anything they thought was ugly. They
would make fun of anything they thought was ugly.

They were out exploring the village one day and came upon the old woman
in the forest. Since they found her ugly, they mocked her. After making fun of her,
the old woman asked them to leave but they refused.

To punish them, she said “Since you only like beautiful things, I will turn you
into the most beautiful insect.” She tapped them with her cane and they became the
first two butterflies.

Excerpt from English Learner’s Material,2017

1. The young couple mocked and made fun of the old woman. They are ______ ( A.
arrogant B. boastful C. respectful). Because of this, they were turned into ______ (A.
butterflies B. dragonflies C. fireflies).

2. The story teaches us to be kind as the _____ (A. old woman B. dwarf C.
fishermen) and to hate _____ ( A. cruelty B. humility C. modesty) as shown by the
couple.

3. The old woman’s house is surrounded with beautiful flowers so anyone who comes
would be _____ (A. happy B. surprised C. delighted).

4. Good work is always rewarded as ___(A. evil doing B. favorable deed C. profitable
work) is punished.

Activity: Cut and Paste!

Instructions: Cut or draw pictures found at home or in your community .
Then, use them to form pairs to show the relationships of
analogy. Use your English notebook.

1. Part to whole

::

2. Cause and Effect

::
 3. Person to Situation

::

4. Synonym

::

5. Antonym

::

6. Geography

::

7. Time

::

Congratulations! You have successfully completed Quarter 1 - Module 1

References

Barbacena, Gabuyo, Gonzales, Mayor, Padua, Quinto and Tipan. LET Reviewer:
Perceiving Verbal Relationship. Manila: MET Review Center, 2010.

English 7: Learner’s Material. Pasig City: FEP Printing Corp, 2017.

English 7: Teacher’s Guides. Pasig City: FEP Printing Corp, 2017.

Salamida, Anabelle. English 7 Learning Plan. Manila: Reevee Book Supply, 2015.