Iso 13031 2016 Maq Mov. Tierras Acopladores Rapidos

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13031
First edition
2016-05-01
Earth-moving machinery — Quick

couplers — Safety
Engins de terrassement — Attaches rapides — Sécurité
Reference number
ISO 13031:2016(E)
© ISO 2016
Licensed to Grumas Ltda / Cristian Gordillo (cristgore@gmail.com)
ISO 13031:2016(E)

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ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 13031:2016(E)

Contents Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Safety requirements and protective measures...................................................................................................................... 5
4.1 Quick coupler............................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
4.1.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
4.1.2 Engagement system....................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.1.3 Locking system................................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.2 Object handling........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.3 Controls.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.3.1 General requirements................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.3.2 Separate control................................................................................................................................................................ 7
4.3.3 Integrated controls......................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.4 Electrical circuits................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
4.4.1 Over-current protective devices....................................................................................................................... 10
4.5 Pressurized systems......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
5 Information for use..........................................................................................................................................................................................10
5.1 Safety labels............................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
5.2 Instructions and information for use................................................................................................................................ 10
5.2.1 Operator’s manual........................................................................................................................................................ 10
5.2.2 Installation manual...................................................................................................................................................... 11
5.3 Quick coupler marking................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved iii

ISO 13031:2016(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee
SC 2, Safety, ergonomics and general requirements.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 13031:2016(E)

Introduction
This International Standard specifies design criteria for quick couplers related to assisting the operator
in ensuring that an attachment is located in the right position on the quick coupler and that the
engagement system is fully activated. While preparing this International Standard, it was considered to
what extent the state of the art allowed the further reduction of risks related to incomplete engagement
procedures. In particular, it was considered carefully whether the use of sensors and associated
control systems could be normatively required in order to ensure that those procedures were correctly
completed. It was determined that the current state of the art did not allow such a requirement to be
made. However, due to the continuing development of technology, this possibility will be reviewed
by ISO/TC 127 periodically so that a revision to this International Standard can be initiated at the
appropriate time. Nothing in this International Standard is to be taken as discouraging the development
of new technologies and new technical measures to reduce or remove risk.
This International Standard is a type C standard as defined in ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the scope of this International Standard.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or
type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of
the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this
type-C standard.
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved v

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13031:2016(E)
Earth-moving machinery — Quick couplers — Safety
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies safety requirements for quick couplers used on earth-moving
machinery as defined in ISO 6165.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions
ISO 6750, Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s manual — Content and format
ISO 9244, Earth-moving machinery — Machine safety labels — General principles
ISO 12100, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 20474-1:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
quick coupler
device mounted on an earth-moving machine to allow the quick interchange of attachments
Note 1 to entry: Quick couplers are also commonly referred to under many different names, including “quick hitch”
and “attachment bracket”. For the purposes of this International Standard, only the term “quick coupler” is used.
3.1.1
powered quick coupler
quick coupler (3.1) where the movement of at least one part of the engagement and locking system (3.5)
is actuated by a power source
EXAMPLE A hydraulic system or an electric motor.
3.1.2
manual quick coupler
quick coupler (3.1) where the movement of the engagement and locking systems (3.5) is actuated by
human effort at the quick coupler itself
Note 1 to entry: Locking can be automatic as part of the manual process of engagement.
3.1.3
mixed quick coupler
quick coupler (3.1) where engagement and locking are carried out from the operator’s station but
disengagement is carried out by human effort at the quick coupler itself
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 1

ISO 13031:2016(E)

3.2
engagement system
mechanical system of the quick coupler (3.1) which engages with the attachment and retains the
attachment in its working position (3.4)
3.2.1
form-locked engagement system
engagement system (3.2) which retains the attachment in the normal working position (3.4) by a system
of at least two components that engage each other perpendicular to the working forces (3.3.1) such that
the working forces do not tend to cause disengagement
EXAMPLE Pin in shear (see Figure 1).
A A
A A
Key
1 engagement system in engaged position
2 engagement system in disengaged position
Figure 1 — Example of form-locked engagement system
3.2.2
force-locked engagement system
engagement system (3.2) whereby continued engagement is dependent on the continuous application of
the engagement force (3.3.2) as the working forces (3.3.1) act in a direction to cause disengagement
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2 for an example.
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 13031:2016(E)

1 2
Key
1 engagement system
2 engagement force device
Figure 2 — Example of force-locked engagement system
3.2.3
friction system
engagement system (3.2) whereby engagement is dependent on a force generated only by friction
Note 1 to entry: Friction engagement systems are not permitted [see 4.1.2 b)].
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 3 for an example.
1 2
Key
1 engagement system
Figure 3 — Example of friction engagement system
3.2.4
wedge-type engagement system
engagement system (3.2) of at least two interconnecting parts which engage with one another in a
wedge action whereby the combination of the wedge angle and the friction coefficient counteract the
tendency of the working forces (3.3.1) to cause disengagement
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 4 and 5.

ISO 13031:2016(E)

1 2
Key
1 engagement system (wedge)
Figure 4 — Example of wedge-type engagement system
Key
1 engagement system (wedge)
Figure 5 — Example of wedge-type engagement system on a loader
3.3 Forces
3.3.1
working forces
forces created by the working operations of the machine and attachments that act upon the quick
coupler (3.1) during intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse
3.3.2
engagement force
force that moves the engagement system (3.2) to the engaged position and, if the design requires, retains
it in that position
Note 1 to entry: The engagement force can also be used for retention if the working force or additional forces (e.g.
gravity) create a force tending to disengage the attachment (i.e. force-locked engagement systems, wedge-type
engagement systems).

ISO 13031:2016(E)

3.4
working position
position on the quick coupler (3.1) in which the attachment is able to perform its intended function
3.5
locking system
system that ensures that the attachment is retained in its working position (3.4) if the engagement force
(3.3.2) is lost, reduced or removed
3.6 Controls
3.6.1
separate control
control solely dedicated to the quick coupler (3.1) which is not integrated into, or mounted onto, any
other machine control, and does not have any other function
Note 1 to entry: A switch mounted on a control joystick is not considered to be a separate control.
Note 2 to entry: A separate switch can be integrated into an instrument cluster or control panel.
3.6.2
integrated control
control used to engage or disengage the quick coupler (3.1) which is integrated into, or mounted onto,
any other machine control, or a control which also has another function
EXAMPLE Switch on a joystick control, joystick used also for work equipment control.
3.6.3
initiating control
control that enables a disengagement control (3.6.4) to function
3.6.4
disengagement control
control which connects the disengagement actuator to its power supply
Note 1 to entry: In a system with integrated controls, the disengagement control is enabled by the initiating
control.
3.6.5
hold-to-run
type of control device which initiates and maintains quick coupler (3.1) functions only as long as the
manual control is actuated
[SOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.28.3 — Modified]
4 Safety requirements and protective measures
4.1 Quick coupler
4.1.1 General
Quick couplers shall comply with the requirements of this clause. In addition, they shall be designed
according to the principles of ISO 12100 for relevant hazards which are not dealt with by this
International Standard.
Quick couplers shall have an engagement system and a locking system that meet the requirements of
4.1.2 and 4.1.3, respectively.
NOTE The process of coupling consists of several steps such as picking up, locating, engagement and locking.
Depending on the design, some of these steps might be combined.

ISO 13031:2016(E)

The design of quick couplers shall ensure that the attachment is retained in the working position even
when the machine is switched off or being transported. Small displacements between the attachment and
the engagement system are acceptable provided that the movement is not so large as to create a hazard.
4.1.2 Engagement system
The engagement system shall meet the following requirements.

a) The engagement system shall be able to withstand the working forces applied to the attachment
and hold the attachment in the working position.
b) Typical engagement systems are form-locked system, force-locked system or wedge-type system,
or combinations of these styles. Where the engagement system is a combination of these styles,
then the most appropriate requirement specified in 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 shall be applied. The engagement
system shall not be a friction system.
c) It shall be possible to verify (e.g. by sensing, visual indication, visual check during testing), from the
location where the engagement system is operated (e.g. the operator’s station), that the engagement
system is fully engaged with the attachment in its working position. If necessary, any combination
of sensing, visual indication or testing may be used to ensure that the attachment is fully engaged.
Testing by machine operation (e.g. by the application of working forces to the attachment) as the
sole means of verification is not acceptable.
d) Wedge-type systems and force-locked systems shall provide a continuous engagement force (e.g.
hydraulic pressure, spring force) during the working operation to hold the attachment in the
working position.
e) Manual and mixed quick couplers shall be designed such that disengagement can only be carried
out at the quick coupler itself.
f) For a manual quick coupler, the design shall ensure that the engagement system can only be
activated from the location where the locking system is activated.
g) The engagement system shall not depend solely on gravity.
4.1.3 Locking system
The locking system shall meet the following requirements.

a) The design of the locking system shall be appropriate to the design of the engagement system (see
Table 1).
b) It shall prevent disengagement of the attachment if the engagement force is lost, reduced or removed
and shall ensure that the attachment is retained in the working position. If the engagement force
is lost or reduced, small movements of the attachment are acceptable provided that the movement
is not so large as to create a hazard. Movements of the attachment such as swinging or rotation
around a mounting point are not considered as small movements.
c) For powered and mixed quick couplers, the locking system shall be activated automatically as part
of the engagement process.
d) For manual quick couplers, the locking system shall be activated manually from the location where
the engagement system is operated, or as an automatic action during the engagement process. Any
locking device used shall be retained on the quick coupler so that it cannot be removed without the
use of tools.
e) In the event of loss of engagement force, the working forces applied to the attachment shall not
result in the loss of the locking function
f) The locking system, once activated, shall remain locked until the disengagement process is initiated
by the operator.

ISO 13031:2016(E)

g) The locking system shall not depend solely on gravity.
Table 1 — Locking systems

Engagement system Example Locking system
Form-locked Figure 1 A device (e.g. check valve, spring) or function (e.g. hydraulic
pressure) is required to prevent the retraction of the engage-
ment device.
Force-locked Figure 2 A mechanical device consisting of a form locked or other rigid
system is required to prevent retraction of the engagement
device. It shall be strong enough to withstand the full working
forces and ensure that the attachment is retained in its normal
working position.
Friction (not permitted) Figure 3 —
Wedge-type Figure 4 and A device (e.g. spring, mechanical lock) is required to prevent
disengagement of the wedge in the event of reduction or loss of
Figure 5
the engagement force.
This may be a separate device or function or may be combined
or integrated with the solution of 4.1.2, d).
4.2 Object handling

Object handling shall be in accordance with ISO 20474-1.
NOTE Regional requirements on object handling (e.g. EN 474–1) can apply.
4.3 Controls
4.3.1 General requirements
Powered quick couplers shall be activated by a separate control meeting the requirements of 4.3.2,
or by an integrated control system meeting the requirements of 4.3.3. Quick coupler controls shall be
identified in accordance with ISO 10968.
NOTE For guidance on the validation of safety-related control systems, see ISO 13849-1.
Manual switch-over of devices (e.g. hydraulic valve, reconfiguration of hoses) located outside of the
operator’s station to switch between the quick coupler operation and another machine function is not
permitted with powered quick couplers.
Where there is more than one quick coupler installed, the controls shall be so designed, arranged or
located as to minimize the risk of accidentally operating the wrong quick coupler.
Acoustic signals referred to in this International Standard may be continuous, varying or pulse type.
4.3.2 Separate control
A separate control shall be protected against inadvertent activation (e.g. guarding, location, switch
design).
If the control for the disengagement function is not of the hold-to-run type, then the following
requirements apply.
a) An acoustic signal shall be in operation during the period of time the disengagement function is
activated.
b) Neither unlocking nor disengagement shall be possible if the electrical signal for the acoustic signal
device fails, e.g. by cable failure, disconnection, etc.

ISO 13031:2016(E)

c) The acoustic signal operation shall be activated automatically at every engine start in order to
allow verification of the signal by the operator.
4.3.3 Integrated controls
If the disengagement of the attachment is not actuated by a separate control, the following requirements
shall be met.
a) Disengagement of the attachment shall require the activation of at least two independent controls
which shall be arranged so that they cannot be simultaneously operated by one hand.
b) The initiating control shall be protected against inadvertent activation (e.g. guarding, location,
switch design).
c) If the initiating control for the disengagement function is not of the hold-to-run type, then follow
either of the following.
1) Option 1 in Figure 6
— The disengagement control shall not be solely the operation of a joystick or other machine
control unless, by design, the attachment cannot be released unless it is positioned such
that it is retained in a stable condition after disengagement, ready for placing on the ground.
— The disengagement control shall either be hold-to-run or shall be reset (i.e. returned
automatically to the state prior to initiation of disengagement) when the initiating control
is deactivated.
— An acoustic signal shall be in continuous operation while the initiating control is activated.
— Neither unlocking nor disengagement shall be possible if the electrical signal for the
acoustic signal device fails, e.g. by cable failure, disconnection, etc.
— The acoustic signal operation shall be activated automatically at every engine start in order
to allow verification of the signal by the operator.
2) Option 2 in Figure 6
— Simultaneous operation of the initiation and disengagement controls is required to initiate
disengagement.
NOTE In this requirement, “simultaneous” means operation of the controls in parallel, not that they are
required to be activated at exactly the same instant in time.
— The disengagement control shall be hold-to-run.

— The initiation of the disengagement function shall be deactivated if the disengagement
control is released.
The use of a joystick, or a switch mounted on a joystick, to increase flow or pressure as part of the
disengagement process shall be considered as an integrated control.
Where a quick coupler control has an alternative function (e.g. work equipment manipulation and
the raising of pump pressure) which is not deactivated while engagement or disengagement is in
progress, the alternate function control shall be necessary for the engagement or disengagement of the
attachment (e.g. the bucket control on an excavator).

ISO 13031:2016(E)

NOTE For details, see 4.3.
Figure 6 — Summary of requirements of controls

ISO 13031:2016(E)

4.4 Electrical circuits

In order to avoid incorrect connections, electric wires and cables used to connect components in electric
circuits shall be marked and identified.
NOTE ISO 9247 can be used as guidance.
4.4.1 Over-current protective devices
Electric equipment shall be protected with an over-current device (e.g. fuse) or other device giving the
same protection.
NOTE Refer to ISO 20474-1 over-current protective device requirements.
4.5 Pressurized systems

Pressurized systems shall comply with ISO 20474-1:2008, 4.18.
5 Information for use
5.1 Safety labels

Safety labels (if any) shall comply with ISO 9244.
5.2 Instructions and information for use
5.2.1 Operator’s manual
An operator’s manual complying with ISO 6750 shall be provided. The manual may be integrated into
the operating manual for the base machine and shall contain the following, if applicable:
— the design, range and type of attachments intended to be used with the quick coupler;
— information that the attachment should be within the recommended limits for the carrying machine
when a quick coupler is installed;
— either the models of machine onto which the quick coupler is intended to be assembled or a definition
of the limits of the machine parameters suitable for the quick coupler;
— change to the working range of the machine (e.g. change to load radius, maximum operating capacity,
change in machine centre of gravity, reduction in the load capacity chart);
— new risks (if any) of contact between the attachment and the structure of the machine (e.g. the cab);
— information on daily checks to be carried out before commencement of work;
— the manufacturer’s recommended method for safely ensuring that the quick coupler is fully engaged
and locked, which should cover all attachments intended to be used with the quick coupler;
— specification by the manufacturer of a safe method for carrying out the disengagement;
— advice relating to object handling with the quick coupler and any factors to be taken into account
when using the earth-moving machine rating table (e.g. due to a different load radius, reduction in
the lift capacity);
— advice on procedures to be followed for object handling with the quick coupler (if allowed), which
should include whether the attachment is to be left in place or removed;
— notice that it is not permitted to transport or lift persons with a quick coupler if the machine is not
designed and equipped for this purpose;

ISO 13031:2016(E)

— lifting capacity of the quick coupler when used with a lifting attachment;
— advice on how to verify that the engagement system is functioning correctly.
5.2.2 Installation manual
Where relevant (e.g. if the quick coupler is separately placed on the market), full instructions shall be
given for safe assembly and testing of function and performance, including the minimum and maximum
hydraulic pressure.
5.3 Quick coupler marking

Each quick coupler, if separately placed on the market, shall bear the following minimal information,
which shall be clearly marked in a location where the risk of damage is minimized:
— manufacturer’s name and address;
— type denomination (e.g. part number);
— serial number;
— year of manufacture;
— mass of quick coupler, expressed in kilograms (kg);
— maximum and minimum quick coupler circuit pressures, expressed in MPa, if relevant;
In addition, the rated capacity of the lifting point (if any) in kg or tonnes (t) which shall be clearly
marked adjacent to the lifting point.
Regional requirements (e.g. CE marking) will need to be taken into account.

ISO 13031:2016(E)

Bibliography
[1] ISO 9247, Earth-moving machinery — Electrical wires and cables — Principles of identification
and marking
[2] ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design
[3] ISO 15998, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-control systems (MCS) using electronic
components — Performance criteria and tests for functional safety
[4] EN 474-1, Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements

ISO 13031:2016(E)

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Earth-moving machinery — Quick

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13031:2016(E)

Earth-moving machinery — Quick couplers — Safety

3 Terms and definitions

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ﻿ 1

Figure 1 — Example of form-locked engagement system

2 ﻿ © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Figure 2 — Example of force-locked engagement system

Note 2 to entry: See Figure 3 for an example.

Figure 3 — Example of friction engagement system

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ﻿ 3

Figure 4 — Example of wedge-type engagement system

Figure 5 — Example of wedge-type engagement system on a loader

4 ﻿ © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

4 Safety requirements and protective measures

4.1 Quick coupler

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ﻿ 5

4.1.2 Engagement system

The engagement system shall meet the following requirements.

4.1.3 Locking system

The locking system shall meet the following requirements.

6 ﻿ © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

g) The locking system shall not depend solely on gravity.

Table 1 — Locking systems

4.2 Object handling

4.3.1 General requirements

4.3.2 Separate control

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ﻿ 7

4.3.3 Integrated controls

— The disengagement control shall be hold-to-run.

8 ﻿ © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

NOTE For details, see 4.3.

Figure 6 — Summary of requirements of controls

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ﻿ 9

4.4 Electrical circuits

4.4.1 Over-current protective devices

4.5 Pressurized systems

5 Information for use

5.1 Safety labels

5.2 Instructions and information for use

5.2.1 Operator’s manual

10 ﻿ © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

5.2.2 Installation manual

5.3 Quick coupler marking

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ﻿ 11

12 ﻿ © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ﻿

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