small vol.24 no.

4(96)
December 2000

air forces
observer us $4OO

- fl..—
.

Air Transport Development in Turkey 1933-1947

Fine Foxes: The Renard Monoplane Fighters
Sukhoi Su-8 Twin-Engine Attack Plane
Latin American Air Combat (Part 3)
A French Pilot in the Ottoman Army
Romanian Hurricanes in Combat
Argentine Hawk Ills

vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000

 a

110 SAFO vol. 24 no.4 (96) Deccrnbcr 2000

 SMALL AIR FORCES OBSERVER
The Newsletter of the Small Air Forces Clearing House
CONTENTS gram allows persons who can not obtain US cur an all over Dark Green, Tamiya colour XF-61, and
Abstracts 112 rency to receive the SAFO. Any SAFCH member the only colourvaniation is the Gloss Black mark-
Air Transport in Turkey (Montgomery) .115
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interested in sponsoring a SAFO subscription for ings, nose, and aerial. On thewing, the kiwi national
Ronsanian Hurricanes in Combat (Napier) .121 a person in Eastern Europe (or from othercountry insignia appears on the upper post and lower star-
Sukhoi Su-8 (Kulikov) 125 where it is impossible or difficult to obtain US board wings and is positioned with the feet facing
Latin Air Combat: Part 3 (Flores) 127 currency) should write to the editorial office for a forward. The NZ A-4K are NZ6201-NZ6203 and
Argentine Hawk Ill (Treichel) 128 list of persons seeking sponsors. If you would like theirTA-4K are NZe251-NZ62252 and NZ6255. A
Renard Monoplane Fighters (Hotte) .....129 to receive the SAFO but can not obtain US curren 1/72-scale sheet of decals for these a/c is available
Frenchman in the Ottoman Army (Hotte) .131 -
cy, a list of SAFCIT members looking for someone from Flying Kiwis who can be contacted through
Accessories (Cutting Edge Resins) ...... 131 to sponsor is also available from the editorial of Trevor Bringans Ltd., P0 Box 76-156, Manukau
Books (Tu-22; Aeroplani Caproni; fice. City, New Zealand.
Argentine Skyhawks; Operation ManIa;
Aviacion Contercial Uruguay; INFORMATION FOR AUTIIORS: Manuscripts GUEST EDITORIAL: “Just a few months ago Iwas
Osterreichische Luftstreitkrafte) 132 may be subnlitted in any form; authors whose first planning to write a letter suggesting that SAFCH
Magazines (SAAF Colours & Markings; language is not English may submit a rough trans members with a good knowledge of English and
Journal of Military Ordinance; lation of the text and the editorial office will put it Spanish offer their service as translators of articles
Aviation l-Iistoiy Gaceta de Ia Aviacion) 134 into good English. Authors using a computer written by Spanish-speaking members with a poor
Kits (Aero L-39ZO Albatros; PWS 33 Wyzel; should send the manuscript on disc. Photo should knowledge of English. For years I have wished to
Mil Mi-1M; Piper Cherokee Arrow) .135
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be black and white prints although color prints can help in the diffusion of Uruguayan aviation history
Decals (Cutting Edge; Hi-Decal MiG-29A/B/C be used. If you want any photos returned, please in international publications such as the SAFO so
& MiG-29UB; Kiwi Skyhawk) 137 nbark “Return” on the back. All art work must be that our history would be available to people out
Letters (Hagedorn; Perty; McGarry) 139 ready for printing. The layout should be such than side of South America. But the English language is
Web Sites of Interest 139 when a page is reduced (if necessary) the drawing for me a barrier, my English is too poor, sufficient
Wants & Disposals 139 should fit into the 7.5 inch by 10 inch working area for reading and for writing basic letters, but insuf
SAFO El)ITORIAL POLICY: The purpose of the of the final page. Art work that does not fit this ficient for composing large texts. In five years I’ve
SAFCII is to “promote interest in the histoty and
requirement will have to be cut and pasted to fit; only written about the Ro.37bis in Uruguay, an
modeling of the aircraft of the smaller countries”. no problem, but tllings might not look exactly as article that was published in SAFO in December
you want them to look. All work for the SAFO is 1996. This in spite of the fact that I have two
In support of this goal, the SAFCH encourages
voluntary and no paytllctlt can be made for publish historian friends who would be happy to col
international cooperation in researching aviation
ed material. laborate by allowing SAFO to reprint translations
history, both military and civil, from all periods of
time, and for all the smaller countries. In return for of their articles published in ‘Gaceta de Ia
SAFO is distributed in Englatld by Midland Coun Aviacion’ or ‘Aeronoticias’. I suggest that fellow
this support, members are asked to submit oc
casional progress reports for publication in the ties Publications, Unit 3 Maizefield, Hinckley SAFCI-l members interested in this proposition
SAFO. While the final results should appear its tile Fields Trading Estate, Hinckley, Leics. LEIO 1YF. offer to help other members to collaborating on
most prestigious publication possible, it is re Additional dislributors in olhercountrieswould be translating articles and other data.
quested that the SAFCI-I be mentioned (with ad most welcome. “To support the above proposal, I was planning to
dress) in the article and that SAFO be afforded the include 3-view drawings of Uruguayan F6F-5 A-453
which I first drew for ‘Gaceta’ and later published
opportunityofrepritsting the material. Article pub SMALL AIR FORCES OBSERVER (USFS 439-
lished in SAFO can be reprinted provided pernbis in IPMS-Uruguay’s ‘A Escala’. The author of the
450) is publisiled quarterly for $13.00 per year by
sioti of tile author is obtained and the 5AFO is text that was to accompany this drawing is historian
the Stllali Air Forces Clearing I-louse, 27965 Ber
idetltified itt the reprint. Nelson Acosta who offered his text for SAFO near
wick Dr., Carmel, CA 93923. Publication entered
ly 3 years ago, but I was never able to translate it
at Carnlci Valley, CA 93924. POSTMASTER: send
into English. The drawings and the text were avail
SUBSCRIPTION RATE: Subscription to the cur address cllatlges to Small Air Forces Clearing
able for publication 3 years ago, but English was a
retlt volutsse of the SAFO is $14.00 via surface nsail. I-louse 27965 Berwick Dr., Carnlel, CA 93923.
barrier for us.
For tile cost of air nlail delivery, contact the ‘“Then, just at this time, SAFO #94 (July 2000)
editorial office, or send $22.00 and any surplus will COPYRIGhT: Copyright © 2000 by Small AirFor arrived with the article by Marcos Vinicius G.
be credited to your account. Payment should be ces Clearing 1-louse. All rights reserved. The con Teixeira on ‘The Grumman Hellcat in Uruguay’.
made in cash, by Itlternational Money Order, or by tent of this publication cannot be reproduced in I-Ic did a good job in adapting my original drawing
a check drawn on a bankwitls a subsidiary in the US whole or in part without the written consent of the in a clearer presentation, but he made one mistake;
made payable to “Jim Sanders”. New subscriptions publisher and tile autllor. the anchor on the lower surface should be in a
begin with the next issue publislled after payment position equivalent to the upper surface one. The
is received: if you desire otherwise, please specify LOST MEMBERS: Anyone knowing the propeller hub and the tip of auxiliary fuel tank are
which issues are desired. Send renlittance to jitil whereabouts of the follosvitlg ‘lost’ SAFCII nlenl red. I don’t understand the significance of the black
Sanders, 27965 Berwick Dr.. Carmel, CA 93923 bers please infortil tile editorial office (last know object under the wing, no pylons where carried.
USA. address included): Alain La Pierre. Maracay, The text is a good condensation of the work of
Venezuela: Jaroslaw Kusmirck, Luhartow, Poland; Nelson Acosla. The original article was first pub
BACK ISSUES: Eilhcr back issues or Xerox copies Jean Paul Castclla, Marscillc. France. Josef Gotz. lished in ‘Gaceta de Ia Aviacion’ and was then
of out-of-print issues are available for all issues of Usti nad Labeni, Czech Republic. Egils Pelecis, reprinted in IPMS-Uruguay’s ‘A Escala’ #4
tile SAFO published at $3.00 each. For a list of all Riga, Latvia. Charles Bcrecz, Dayton, Ohio. Terry April/June 1995 (which also included drawings of
issues atld their content, setld two 1st class stamps Eitllore, Evet’ett, Wasilitlgtotl. tile uniforms used by ground crew and pilots by
(or 2 IRCs) to tite editorial office. specialist Rafael dcl Pino).
SAFCII VEB SITE: See SAFO photos ill color and “I am very ilappy that other people in other
MEMBERSI lIP LIST: To promote cooperalioll chat witil tllctllhcrs at www.hartoii.conl/safo countries be able to use infornlation from publica
between members, a list of SAFO menlber’s nantes tions in other magazines, for this helps to the dif
and addresses is available to SAFCH nlenbbers for fusion of our aviation history, but I think it is
COVER COMMENTS: Tile cover photo of a New
$1.00 plus postage ($1.00 surface or $2.00 air mail). important to always mentiotl the source and
Zealand A—IK in the latest 10-viz camouflage was
author. Mr. Acosta’s hard work has been published
taken hy.Ioiltl Ilidweil of Cilristcilurcll artd was setH
SPONSORSIIIP PROGRAM: To keep the until ill an Argentine magazine without any men
to us by Nils Treichel of Gertllatly. The schetlle is
SAFCH truly intertlatiotlal, our Sponsorsllip Pro- tion of the source or author. IPMS-Brasil’s only

SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000 111

mentioned tile source and SAFO only mentioned mitted to SAFO for publication should list the suffix letters except where the appearance of the
IPMS Ilrasil, both forgetting the contribution of source of all information. Not only is this a courtesy aircraft is very different (e.g., the M1G UTI5).
Mr. Acosta who collected all tile original data and to the original author or artist, it allows the reader Similarly, no license-built names (LIM for MG,
credited his sources. [Ed. My mistake, I missed the to judge the validity of the information. To much etc.); well, OK, I did get lazy and let Westland keep
mention of IPMS-Uruguay.[ false information has assumed validity through the Sea King & Commando, but they do differ a bit
“I’m totally open to sending data for future draw constant repetition of an incorrect fact. from the Sikorsky originals after all.
ings to Mr. Teixeira who does excellent work for The following letter expresses these point better “This list is not perfect. I do not know my helicop
IPMS Brasil. I am also witting to collaborate with than I can. I’ve corrected the English to clarify the ters or light aircraft that well; actually, anything
SAFO for the greater diffusion of knowledge of thoughts; the original letter was written with much outside the mid-30s to mid-SOs era lean get a bit
South American aviation history, but don’t forget difficulty with the English language.[ hazy on. I would welcome comments and correc
to credit the sources of information. (ions from you or any of the membership. Again,
Eduardo Luzardo (SAFCH #1383), Picardia SAFO INI)EX: “The 95 issues of SAFO on rnyshcif the file was originally organized for any personal
M.267 S.37, 91001 Barros Blancos, Uruguay. constitute an invaluable modeling resource, but use; should anyone wish to redo it in a different
with each new issue it gets harder to find a par (a.k.a. better’) way he is welcome to do so.
Photos via Eduardo Luzardo on page 143. ticularaircraft type or nation. It occurred tome that “If you wish, you may make this file available to the
Uruguayan T-3-4A FAU 645 Escuela Militar de if I entered the information I sought into a sortable membership, in any way you choose: on the web
Aeronautica, EMA Pando, 7 February 1999. (Julio spreadsheet and added each new issue to it, the site, via mail (e- or snail) or however. If you do, I
Salvo). Bolivian T-34 FAB-902 (cx FAU 645). problem would he solved. It occurred to me as well hope some will find it useful. It has been rather
Santa Cruz, 18 July 2000. (FAB) that other members might find such a thing useful. enjoyable to review all SAFO issues over a (fairly)
The enclosed diskette bears an Excel file named short span of time. it gives me a better appreciation
‘SAFOindx’; the result of my labors. for the growth (in all senses of the word) of the
[Ed: The preceding letterbrings up two points that
“This is NOT a full index; some other hardier soul organization. It also refreshes my memories of
I consider extremely important in helping the
will have to take that on someday. Rather, it is a list some of the truly excellent research done by our
SAFCI-I expand its effort to promote international
of images (drawings, photographs, whatever) members: the late Nick Waters with his ‘MiG
cooperation in researching aviation history and
which I felt (yes. very subjective) would he useful if Mania’ and Dan 1-lagedorn’s ‘Latin Valiants’ to
diffusing this knowledge to as large an audience as
I were modeling tile aircraft depicted. Not in every name just two of the very best.”
possible. Tile first is that there is a lot of people out
case all you need to finish a model, hut helpful Ilarold Kruitbosch (SAFCI-I #1079), 245 River
there for whom English is a second language want
visual information. Certainly, there are verbal Valley Road, Stratford. CT 06614, USA.
ing to share information, hut who are held hack by
the amount of work it takes to put their text into descriptions elsewhere in some issues which would
English. Englisit-speaking SAFCII members with he useful; hut that level of detail is beyond fllC at lEd: I lal has done a fabulous job. This index. up
the moment. Simply reviewing each issue for pic dated with each new issue, will be available on our
a working knowledge of another language could
tures took several months of off-and-on effort, a web site. The current index can be obtained by
greatly help our cause by volunteering to translate
few issues at a time. sending a blank formated 3.24-in, floppy disc and
articles for SAFCII members having information
“Flie file comprises three columns: aircraft type. $1.00 USA (S2.00 others) for postage to the
but reluctant to write in English. If you are witting
nation and SAFO issue number. By manipulating editorial office. A hard copy (40 pages) is available
to translate articles for SAFO, send me your name
the columns and then sorting you call do a lookup for $5.00 plus postage: specify eithersort by type or
and I keep a list of translators that can be sent to
by any of the three criteria. I have tried to he by country]
members seeking help. A cadre of translators
working in many languages would greatly increase consistent with aircraft designations and
tile effective of the SAFCI-1. manufacturers’ names. Numbers, not names except ‘l’AILPIECE: More photos of the NZAF lo-vis
Thesecond point made in the following letter isonc when the name is universally better known (who Skyhawks.
that I feel very strongly about. All material sub- calls a Mosquito a DII 98?); no mark numbers or

AUSTRALIA BRAZIL Britain 1 lOs” 5 pages including 6 photos of model,

AUSTRALIAN PLASTIC MODELLERS AS EM ESCALA (IPMS l3raiil. Rua Lucidio Lago, a 1/72-scale 3-view drawings, and 6 side-view draw
SOCIATION (APMA, PD Box 51, Strathfield. 457/206 Meicr Rio, Ri, CEP 20780-020. Sub
- -
ings. “IHAT-Couesmore” 2 pages with 21 photos
NSW 2135; 4 issues sea mail A$27; air mail A530). scription is $10.00, hut they prefer kits or acces hungarian MiG-29, Austrian Saab 105, Belgian
3/01) (28 pages) ‘Pfalz Parasols” 3 pages including sories. Send to Antonio l’creira Linhares at the Alpha Jet, Italian AMX, Swedish JA 37, Ukraine
2 side-view drawings. “Merlin Engined Seafires” above address.) An 72, Swiss SA.33 Cougar, & Finnish i-lornet).
(Part 1) 7pages including a page of drawings show #96 20011(16 pages) “lockheed 10 Electra” 3 pages “Ilunting high and Low” 4 pages on building the
ing changes to make to a Spitfire V kit and 6 including 3-view drass’ings of Amelia Earhart’s AeroCluh 1/48 Jet Provost including 5 photos of
side-view drawings. Fairey Firefly’ 16 pages in ‘NR16020’ and VARIG ‘PI’-VAT’. “RAF Mustang the model and 3 photos of RAF a/c, and 4 side-view
cluding 13 side-view drawings (RN, Dutch. & III” one page with 2 photos of model of drawings. “RNZAF Strikemaster” 3 pages includ
Ethiopian), 2 photos of aircraft, and 14 photos of I Jornaczewski’s ‘FK-G’. ing 5 photos of the model and one photo of a
details. “Romanian 190’ a 1/2-page side-view draw RNZAF a/c.
ing. “Luftwaffe Machine Guns” one page including
ENGLAND
1/12-scale drawings of MGI5. MG 17, MG81Z. & PLAS’I’IC KI’r CONSTRUCTOR (PAMAG Pub
IPMS MAGAZINE (L3rnie Lee, 51 Ball Road,
MG 131. lications Ltd., Riverdale, 89 Graham Road, Shef
1-lilishorough. Sheffield. South Yorkshire S6 4LZ,
field, SlO 3GP; 4 issues £18.00. (North American
6 issues for £20.00.
AUSTRIA subscription agent: Wise Owl Publications, 1926 S.
4/2000 Jui/Atigust 2000 (48 pages) “Jenson’s
0111 NACIIRICIITEN (Oesterrichishe Fiugiug Pacific Coast highway, Suite 204, Redondo Beach,
Interceptor’s” 3 pages on building I lasegawa’s
CA 90277. E-mail: wiseowl@sprintmail.com. Web
I listoriker. Pfenninggcldf. 18/2/14. A-i 160 Wien. 1/48-scale I lurricane as UF-L’ including 4 photos
Site: www.wiseowlmagazines.com).
Write for free sample.) o model. “I lurricanes ill the Battle of Britain” one
#62 Autumn 2000 (36 pages) “Dyanavector’s 1/48
3/00 (40 pages) “Ocffag Athatros D III bei dcc page with 6 side-view drawings (including ‘WX-V’
Sea llornct FAW.22” 3 pages including 24 photos
.Jagdstaffel Galanestic” 5 pages including 4 photos of 302 Polish Squadron). “lug llhtz Bomber” 2
and 2 side-view drawings. Austrian Airlines of the model. “VEB’s 1/72 Beriev Be-6” 6 pages
pages on building Italeri 1/72-scale lie iii P includ
including 4 photos of the model and 3 pages of
At,schied vom A 310” 5 pages including 5 photos. ing 2 photos of the model. “I Ieinkel I Ic 11111 & P’
sketches and scale drawings of corrections and
Flugunternehmung und Flugzeulau: Guritzcr - one page with 6 side-view drawings.” British
modification to MAD version. [Ed: I wish I had this
van Nes” 8 pages including 8 photos (Klemm L 20 Protctype Markings” 2 pages including sketches.
article when I built my Bc-6 20 years ago. “Mes
llopfncr liv 3, and Guritzer/van Nes A2 & A 3). 5/2000 September/October 21)00 (18 pages) “Bat
serschmitt Bf 109G-10” one page with 2 side-view
Photos: 5 Swedish and 2 Austrian Saab Draken. tle of britain Spitfires” 3 pages including 7 photos
drawings (318th Polish Sqdn. & 2nd Croatian
of models and 7 side-view drawings. “Battle of
Sqdn.). “An Introduction to Airliner Modelling” 2

112 SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000

pages wilh a labIc of airliner kils arranged byycar. cludes a 2-page EngHsh surnnlaiy. I’autre hems egendaire des Clgognes* 12 pages
Blohni
und Voss I-la 140’ 2-page 1/72-scale 3-view 3/2000 (24 pages) Fokker DXXI: Sisaanvedet- including26 photos (Ni62, D.51O & MS406). “Faux
drawing. “Monospar Ambulance” 3 pages with a tavalla laskulelineella” 8 pages in D.21 with retrac- Ct usage de faux a Ia mode e’ptienne” 11 pages
...

2-page 1/72-scale 3-viewdrawings and instruction table landing gear including 7 photos and 3 pages including 14 photos and 9colorside-viewdrawings
sheet for the Frog Penguin kit. “Spitfire Mk XIF 2 of multi-view scale drawings. “Oiva Tuominen: (Erptian Gladiator, Hurricane, Sea Fury, 11-38,
pages including 16 photos of the model. Revell’s Mannerheirn-ristin ritan 6” 3 pages including 5 An-12, Tu-16, & Be-12; Iraqi Sea Fury and Yemen
1/48B-lBLatlcer”3pagesincluding8photosofthe photos and ‘victoty’ list. “Jami 65 vuotta” 2 pages 1l-14).”DesRyanauxtrianglesoranges”9pageson
model. ‘Academy’s 1/48 Hunter” 2 pages including on the 65th anniversary of the Finnish soaring cen- the Ryan STM-2 in the Dutch East Indies including
11 photos of tile model. “Handley Page 115” a ter including 8 pre-WWII photos. “1E.20: Eusim- 15 photos, a 2-page cutaway drawing, and 3 color
one-page 1/72-scale 3-view drawing. Many more mainen Caudron C.60’ one page on the first C.60 side-view drawings.”Le campagne italienne de Ia
shorter reviews of kits. delivered to the FinnAF including one photo. Jagdgeschwader 77 (3): L’invasion de Ia Sidle (10
juillet 17 aout 1943)” 9 pages including 20 photos.
-

211h CENTURY PLASTIC MODELLER, Vol. 1, FRANCE “Le Morane-Saulnier MS 350” 6 pages on this
No. 1. July/August 2000. PAMAG (Publications), elegant little biplane including 13 photos, but no
AERO JOURNAL, Aero Edilions, 50 bId Paul
Ltd, Riverdale, 89 Graham Road, Sheffield SlO scale drawings. “I.e Hanriot H.232 d’Azur au
Vale, 32500 Fleurance, France. Sixteen-page
3GP, England. £2.25. Annual subscription (6 is- 1/72eme”4pagesincludingl2photosofthemodel.
English translation of the main articles (denoted
sues) £16.50 overseas or £20.00 airmail. $33 from #92 Novembre 2000 (64 rages) Colorphotos: Rus
below by titles in English). USS 40.00 including air
Wise Owl (see above). sian P.63. Color side-view drawing: Egyptian MiG
mail for one year (6 issues). Visa and Mastercard
#2 September-October 2000 (56 pages) ‘Handley “Retros du Mois” with 2 photos of different
accepted. E-mail: aerojournal@infonie.fr.
Page l-lampden’ 4 pages including 6 photos of the MB.170s. “Les as belges 14/18: Jan Olieslagers” 9
#is Oct-Nov. 00 (72 pages) The transport francais
model, 6 photos of the aircraft, and a 1/72-scale pagesincluding2ophotos(BleriotXlandNieuport
1939-1942” 15 pages including 24 photos (LeO H-
multi-vtew drawing. ‘Tornado GR Mk.1” 4 pages X & XI), color cover painting (Nieuport Xl), and
213 & H-246; Farman 222 & 224; Dewoitine D.342;
on building the 1/32-scale Revell kit including 8 2 color side-view drawings (Hanriot HD-1).
Wibault 283; Potez54O, 620, 650, & 662: l3loch 160
photos of the model. “SNJ-3 and AT-6A” one page “Mohawk et Spitfire; les premiers monoplane de
& 220; Farman 222; Amiot 143 & 354; and Caudron
with 3 side-view drawings. “Contrast Colour chasse portugais” 8 pages including 14 photos and
C.447) and 6 color side-view drawings (Potez 29,
Schemes” 2 pages on building a Tiger-Slripcd color side-view drawings. “F-91, Ic baroudeur de
Farman 222, PotezS4O, & Potez 650; almost allwith
Myslere and Dclfin including 2 photos of the chez Fairchild” 4 pages including 11 photos.
Vichystris). TEd. lfyou can identifyall these a/c,
fllOdCls and drawings of the color scheme for the La’I de record Wibault 368” 3 pages including
your files on French a/c are better Ihan mine.)
L-29. ‘Raide r C-i 25 1 -page 3-view drawing “ photos. ‘Des Ryan aux triangles oranges” (2eme
“
“Transport Levant” 5 pages on a/c used to resupply
reprinled from a 1959 issue of AirTrails. “Model- partie) 9 pages including 15 photos, 2 pages of
Frencil forces in Syria during the conflict with the
ing with a Mouse” a one page discussion of 1/72-scale drawings, and a page of color drawings.
British including 7 pholos (Farman 222 & 223;
‘Ncwsgroups”, ‘Mailing Lists”, and Web Siles”. ‘LeChetvedkovChe-2(MDR-6A)”7pagesinclud-
Anliol 143; Lockheed 14; Dewoitine D.338; &
“Republic F-84F” a 2-page review of tile 1/72-scale tng 17 photos. “Le AAC.1 Toucan; Conversion de
polez 650) and 3 color side-view drawings (Farman
Airfix kit including 12 pholos of the model. And. Ia maquette du Junkers Ju 52 au 1/48eme de
222 & 223; and Dewoitirte D.338). “Transport 39-
shorter reviews of 11 other kils. Revell/Monogram” 4 pages including 11 photos of
45” 6 pages includitlg 9 photos and 4 color side-view
the model.
drawings (1-lungarian Fiat G.12, Slovak I-Ic 11IH,
SWEDISh AIRFORCE SIG (Ted Burnett, 19 #93 Decembre 2000 (64 pages) “RAF contre
Romanian Ju 52/3m, RCAF Lockheed C-60A,
Titilagel Close, Parkside Grange, Cramlinglon, Luftwaffe en 1941’ 9 pages including24 photos and
Soviet C-47B, RAF Bristol Bombay, & Japanese
Norlhutlberland, England NE23 ONZ. Subscrip- 6colorside-viewdrawings(Bf109&Spitfires). “I.e
Nakajima Ki.34 Thora). “Transport Luftwaffe’ 7
tion £5.00 UK, £7.00 Europe, $16.00 USA. Caudron C.690’ (lere partie) 8 pages including 14
pages including 9 photos and 7 color side-view
#35 Autumn 2000 (31 pages) ‘A Review of tile photos,6 color side-view drawings, and a color
drawings (I-Ic 1111-I; Ju 52/3m; Gotha Go 224: Me
Italeri Agusta Bell AB2O4B 1/72 Scale Kil’ 01 323. SM S.8) & 82; and LeO 451). “I.e chasseur cover painting. Un grande trimoteur civil: Ic SIAI
page. ‘F 21 tile Norbotten Wing” 1-1/2 pages. Marchetti S.73” 11 pages including25 photos and 3
-
francais” 2 pages wilh 13 color side-view drawings
‘MoreontheColoursoftheGripcn”1/2page.”The color side-view drawings (Belgian, Czech, &
(Caudron C.714; Bloch 152 & 155; Dewoitine 376,
First Moth of the Air Force SK7” S pages includ- Italian). “Les as belges de 14/18(IV); Jan Olies
-
520; Koolhoven FK.58A; MS 406; Potez 631;
ing a page of 1/72-scale drawings and a review of lageTS (2eme partie) 5 pages including 14 photos.
Curtiss l-l-75A; CAD 200; Arsenal VG.33; and
the Daedalus kil. “The MBV-2S Target Winch “F-91, Ic baroudeur de chez Fairchild” (2eme par-
Bleriot-SPAD 510). “Les as dc l’aviation: Capt.
Pod” 6 pages including drawings of the niodifira- tie) 11 pages including 25 photos, 1/72-scale draw-
Sibolilo” 3 pages including 2 photos and 6 color
tions made to target-towingTunnan & Lansen and and 2 color side-view drawings (Japan &
side-view drawings (P-39Q & P-S1D). “Massacre a
drawings tile towed-targets Piltilal PM 7 alld Ving- RAF). ‘Quand des Spit fire defendaient Ia
Anisterdanl” 5 pages including5 photos and 2 side-
/Spannviddsmai VM 4 & VM 6 (all interestirtg neutralite du Portugal” 7pages including 11 photos
view drawitlgs (Lockheed Venture & FW 190A).
scralch-buiidillg projects). “J 20 Reggiane Re 2000 “j Cirque Skalski” 6 pages on the Polish Fighting
and 5 tables. “Un 13f 109G-10 ‘a Ia sauce italienne’;
Falco” one page review of tile Supermodel kit. Maquette Revell au 1/72erne” 3 pages with 7 color
Tcanl in North Africa including 9 photos, viclOry
“Lockilced C-13011 TP 84, F/V 84003 (No. 83-1)” 3 photos of tile model.
list, atld 4 color side-view drawings (Kittyhawk,
pages itlCluditlg color chip and 2 pages ofdrawtngs. I-Iurricatlc, & Spilfire). “L’allaque de Mongols
“Colours atld Markitlgs S35E Draketi” 6 pages in- Fiers!’ 6 pages in lile Japanese balloon attacks on JETS: Toule I’Aeronautique Moderne (LELA
citiding a page of skclchcs and a 4-view scale draw- Ille USA including p110105, drawings, and maps. PRESSE, 29 rue Paul Bert, 62230 Outreau, France.
111g. “Aircraft damaged by flak atld bombs” 3 pages
...
420F for 12 Issues).
including 3 photOs and 2 color side-view drawings Oclobre 2000 (54 pages) “Farnborough 2000”
FINLAND (French I3osIons). “La chasse francaise 1939-1945 pages including 7 pholos (one Turkish Black
(15): Le GC 1/4 Navarre (2crnc partie)” 4 pages Flawk).”L’ECoiedei’Aviationde Chasse deTours”
FINNISh AIR FORCE SIG, c/o Nils R. Treicilci,
incittding table of a/c, bases, victories, losses, etc.; 6 pages including 13 photos (most French Alpha
Grosser Pialz 4, 27432 Brenlervoerde, Gertllany
4 photos; and 5 color side-view drawitlgs (Bell P- Jets but also a pairof Ronlanian MiG-21s). “Magic
Entirely iti Etlgiish.
39N & Republic P-47D). Color 4-vicw drawing of 58’ 7 pages on NATO Sentry a/c including 10
No. 16 (10 pages) “Two Trainers’ 2 pages 01 tile
Potcz 25A2 In Indocilitla 1937 with a striped photos. “Cougar pour Ic Bhenla II” 6 pages on
Pyiy (Blizzard) and Vihuri (Biasl of Wind) includ-
wtlile/green coiorscilenle atld liger-ilead insigrtia. Spanish AS 532UL helicopters including 12
itlga 3.viewdrawitlgof tile Pyty “Red FiyingBoal”
LEd. Tile Engiistl transiatioll ltlsert has 16 pages. pilotos. “Le Probleme Aeronaval de Ia Marine du
4 pages itlciudillg 4 side-view (and one top-vicsv)
bul does 1101 include a translalion of the Skaiski Brasil” 6 pages including 11 photos (A.4 Skyhawk,
drawitlgs of MBR-2 in Filltlisil nlarkirtgs. “L3eIIer
Circus articlc.1 AS 350 Esquilo, Bell 206, Super Punla, Sikorsky
than Notilitlg” one page on Fintlisil Blackhurtl Roes
S-61, & Super Lynx). ‘Dans Ia tanoere du Jaguar”
including a 2-view drawing.
AVIONS: Thute I’Acronautique et son Ilistoire 5 pages including 10 photos. “Koksijde 2000” 6
pages Including 13 photos (Danish F-16 & S-61,
SUOMEN ILMAILUIILSTORIA.LLINEN LEllit (LELA PRESSE. 29 rue Paul Bert, 62230 Outreau,
Belgian F-16, Czech MiG-21 & L.39, and German
(InScaic 72, Makelankatu 5B10, 00550 1-Iclsinki; France. 420F for 12 issues).
& English Jaguars).
Ettrope $30, elsewhere $35; payIlleIlt by Inlerna- #91 Octobre 201)0 (64 pages) “Retros du Mois” one
#59 Novenibre 2000 (68 pages) Color photo: Bel
tional Postal Orderor in cash; nO cheques accepted page will) 2 photos (Cuban Curtiss l-Iawk II and
gian AF Alrbus A 310 ‘CA-Ol’. “Fiottille 36F’ 4
bccattse of iligil redenlption rales). Etlcil I5SUC ll Danisil hawker Nitllrod). “Robert Williame,

SAFO vol. 24 110. 4 (96) December 2000 113

pages including 9 photos of AS 565 Panther. “Des Aerofan” one page with 2 color photos of restored Mc 109F-4 & Ju 88A-4).
Mirage 2000 a Aviano” 4 pages including 9 photos Avia FL 3. “Re 2002 at Limogcs” 5 pages on
of Greek Mirages. “Ravitaillcment en vol’ 8 pages Luftwaffe RE 2002 shot down by French Maquis
including 20 photos of aerial-refuelling Transalls.
USA
including 4 b&w and 4 color photos.
“Le 3eme RIIC dETAIN” 5 pages including 12 WWI AERO (15 Crescent Rd., Poughkeepsie, NY
photos of French Gazelles. “La flottille 6F” 16 12601; 4 issues $30.00 USA or $30 overseas).
JP-4 (JP-4, CP 1550, 50100 Fircnze; L 27.000 #170 Nov 2000 (148 pages) “The Stein
pages including 12 b&wphotos (Catalina, Ventura, Europe, L 30.000 elsewhere). Monoplane” 4 pages including 2 pages of drawings.
MB 175, & Avenger) and 25 color photos (Alize). #8 Agosto 2000 (100 pages) Color photos: Egypt “RumplerTaube ‘Start’” 2 pages on the Norwegian
“Volkel Open Dagen” 6 photos including 10 photos Mi-17, Burkina Faso Mi-8 ‘XT-MAU’, Bahrain
(Austrian Draken; Norwegian & Portuguese F-16; a/c with a 3-view drawing and 4 photos. “Nieuport
F-16C ‘012’, Spanish EF-18 ‘15-25’, KFOR Al-I- 17/23 Fighters in Russian Skies” 10 pages including
and Dutch AB-412, C-130, P-3, & F-16). “Air MD, and Mali Turbo C-47 ‘TZ-390’. “L’Aviazionc
Power 2000” 7 pages including 22 photos (Austrian 16 photos. “Russian WWI Flyingboats -

della Armada” 4 pages including 12 photos (Super Grigorovich M-5, M-9, & M-24” (Part 1) 16 pages
Saab 35 & 105, Turbo Porter. and AB-206; Finnish Etendard, Turbo Tracker, Stearman FT-17, ASI 1-
Hawk; Swedish Gripen; Hungarian Mi-24, Uk including 9 pages of 1/48-scale drawings of the M-5
311, AS.355 Fennec, MB.326 Xavante, T-3-IC, & and M-9. “Cockpits / Instruments” 8 pages. “Draw
rainian Su-27; Czech Sokol & L-29; and Romanian PC-6). “Riorganizzazione per Ia FAM” 6 pages in
Puma, Soim, & Lancer). “Alpha Jets pour Ia ings” Hansa-Brandenburg Biplane; Hell’s Angles
cluding 19 photos (T-33; F-5E & F-SF; Bell 205, ‘Avro 504’ & Gotha; Nieuport Bi-motor; and
Thailande” 5 pages including 10 photos (but all a/c 206, & 212; Maule Rocket; C-130A; Arava; Mi-8;
are still in German markings). Caudron R4. “Voisin 4-Motored Triplane” 5 pages
PT-17: MD.530; Schweizer SA-2; SF260; Sikorsky including 3 photos and drawings. “Time’s Tarmac”
#60 Decembre 2000 (54 pages) “A bord de lUSS S-70; and PC-7).
Kennedy” 7 pages including 14 photos. “La base de S pages, “Film” 3 pages. “Gallery” 3 pages. “Models”
#9 Settenibre 2000 (100 pages) Color photos: 7 pages. “I-listoriography” one page, “Letters” 4
leeming et ses ‘Aggressors” 7 pages including 10 Ivoiy Coast Fokker F.100 ‘TU-VAA’ and Togo pages, “Publications” 14 pages.
photos. “Avro CF-100 Canuck” 7 pages including Fokker F.28 ‘5V-TAI’. “Vista a Tbilisi” 4 pages
21 photos. “Le grand show de l’arrnee de lair” 7 including 10 photos of Georgian AF (Su-2S, Mi-8,
pages including 14 photos. “La force aerienne de Ia SKYWAYS (15 Crescent Rd., Poughkeepsie, NY
Yak-52, & L-29). [Ed: I was surprised to read that
Republique de Singapour” 8 pages including 19 12601; 4 issues $30.00 USA or $30.00 overseas.).
the SU-25 has been exported to48 countries -12 in
photos (A-4, F-SE, RF-SE, SF211, SF260, F-16. #56 Oct. 2000 (84 pages) “Anacostia Flight Tests:
Europe. 20 in Asia, and 16 in Africa. Does anyone
C-130, Fokker 50, AS 332 Super Puma, AS 550 Martin Xl’2M-1 Patrol Bomber Flying Boat” 7
have enough information to do an article on the
Fennec, AS 350 Ecureuil. & Boeing 0-1-47). “Ma pages including7 photos. “Details: Martin XP2M-1
Su-25 for SAFO?] “Piaggio Sudafricani” one page
quette: Le Saab Draken” S pages including6 photos Three-Engine Patrol Bomber Flying Boat” 8 pages
including 4 photos (P.166 & AM-3C).
of the model and 16 close-up photos of the aircraft. #10 Oltobre 2000 (100 pages) Color photos: with 24 photos. “Biplane into Monoplane:
Sikorsky’s Universal Wing” 7 pages including 10
Venezuelan C-2l2, Burkina Faso IIS.748 ‘XT
photos and a 3-view drawing of the JN-4
GERMANY MAL’ and Nord 262 XT-MAK’. “Irish Air Corp”
monoplane. “Thomas Crowder and his P-12” 3
MITTEILUNGEN (IPMS Germany, Ber 4 pages including 9 photos (King Air, Dauphin,
pages including 5 photos. “Oshkosh 2000” 7 pages
gengruenstrasss-7, D-1000 Berlin 38; 12 issues DM SF260, Cessna FR.172, Fouga Magister, &
CN.235). “Kleeblatt” 4 pages on Austrian I Iclicop including 15 photos. “Airline Flying in 1931 a -

60.00 Europe, DM 65.00 USA, DM 70.00 Japan,

Re-Creation” 9 pages including 12 photos and a
DM 75.00 Australia). Icr team including 9 photos. “Volant Rodeo
3-view drawing of the Stinson Model T. “The Jack
5-2000 (40 pages)”Feldwebcl I3achmann’s 13f Europeo” 4 pages including 7 photos (Dutch &
son 0-2” 3 pages including 5 photos. “Pilot Flight
109G-6” 6 pages including 8 photo and a 3-view Norwegian C-l30, Turkish Transall, Italian G.222,
Test Report: 1931 Brunner Winkle Bird CK” 3
drawing. and Spanish CN-235).
pages including one photo. “Southampton Adven
tures” 5 pages on a RAAF flyingboat’s flight
ITALY NETHERLANDS around Australia including 6 photos. [Ed: A map
AFRO FAN Storia di Italiane. Side-by-side Italian- MO1)E1.BOUW IN PLASTIC (IPMS-Nederland, would have really helped. I tried to follow the flight
English text. (Editore Apostolo Editorc, Via P0 Box 40082, NL-80i6 DB Zwolle). Now with with an atlas, but couldn’t figure out how they got
Ampere 49,20131 Milano, Italy.) 4 issues L 80,000. English captions and sumrnaty. from the York Peninsula to Perth in the space
#73 Apr.-Giu. 21)00 (68 pagcst “MB 326 in the 3/2000 (28 pages) “KLu dentovcrsies van de between paragraphs.] “Cockpits: Martin XP2M-1
USA” 10 pages including 12 photos. “The Northrop NF-5A” 14 pages on Dutch demonstra Three-Engine Patrol Bomber Flying Boat” 3 pages
Lightweight Fighter Illusion: SAI-Ambrosini’s tion team NF-5As including 24 photos and draw with 5 photos.
proposals 1940-1943” (Part II) 21 pages including ings for 5 different color schemes.
16 photos, 2 ‘blue-print’ drawings, and 4 color side- ESM 72 (Model-Aire International, P0 Box 159,
view drawings (SAl 107, 207, & 403). “Going East S PAl N Olema, CA 94950. E-mail: maiesm72@aol.com.
Step by Step: Macchi C.200s of 373° Squadriglia REVIS’I’A ESPANOI.A 1)1 IllS’IORIA MI1.I’I’AR Web site: mem
from Italy to Russia” 11 pages including 15 photos (Carlos Fresno Crespo, Alcaniz Fresno’s S.A., bers.aol/Maiesm72l/maiwebpg.html.) Quarterly.
and one map. “The Bulgarian Kaproni Aircraft” C/Cromo 18-20, Poligono Industrial San Cristobal, $25.00 for four-issue volume. $30.00 outside the
(Part 2)14 pages including 18 photos (Kll-4, -5, 47012 Valladolid) $00 l’ts. USA. [lack issues available at same price per
-309, & -11), one 3-view drawing (KB-li), and 4 #5 Sepliembre-Octubre 2000 (64 pages) volume.
color sidc-vicw drawings (KB-il Bulgarian & “Vitoriarn Scpticmbrc dc 1936” 8 pages including 7 Vol 4, No 4, (68 pages) “Aircraft” 14 pages
Yugoslav). ‘I’achikawa to Zlin. “Aircraft Updates: ESM 72
photos and one color side-view drawing of lieS IA.
#74 Lug-Set. 2000 (68 pages) “The Twin-Engined Volume I and Volume 2” 10 pages. “Vehicles” 14
“Obus ‘Plaswncia’ de 21 ems” 8 pages including 10
IMAM Ro 57” 19 pages iticluding 21 photos, 1/72- photos and 2 color drawing of 21-cm howitzer. “La pages Ilungary to Great Britain. “Aircraft
and 1/48-scale 3-view drawings, and one color side- pieza antiacrca de 75/27 C.K. sobrc cantion Canopies and Turrets” 11 pages. “Ships and Boats
view drawing. “The SISA School: Activity at Por Updates”, Rockets. Missiles and Spacecraft Up
‘Ceirano” 2 pages including 3 photos and color
torosc Base 1926-1931” 14 pages including 15 dates”. Artillery Updates, Vehicle Convcrsiorts
drawing of mobile antiaircraft gun. “l.a Crucero
photos (FAIl. Cant 7 & 12, and Macchi M7). “SM Updates”, “Vehicle Parts and Accessories Up
‘Navarra” 16 pages including 11 photos and 2 color
75: 12,935 kms in a Closed Circuit” 8 pages includ sidc-vicw drawings. “l.a caza en los primeros mcsc dates”, “Figures Updates”, “Structures Updates”,
ing 4 photos of ‘I-TALC’. “Three Yeats with
de Ia paz (Ia parte)” 7 pages including 13 photos. a “I’crrain and Dioramas Updates”, “Railway
AIAX: The Act is’itics of the Italian Charter Corn —

color painting of a CR 32. 5 color side-view draw Locomotives and Rolling Stock Updates”,
party 2947-1949” 11 pages including 15 photos ings (4 CR 32 and one Vultec). “Material aleman “Aircraft Conversions Updates” (14 pages for all
(Macchi MB 30$. Avia LM 5, Fait-child FW24, NA updates).
para cI Ministerio dcl Aire” 7 pages including 7
Navion. & Republic Scabee). “LAlbum di
photos. and 2 color side-view drawings (post-war

114 SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000

 Early Air Transportation Development in Turkey(1)
The first fifteen years, 1933-1947
David C. Montgomery(2)
Initial Aviation in the Ottoman Turkish Empire ment close links with Germany were continued.(6) Turkish
As early as 1909, European aeronauts were demonstrat military aviation activities were little publicized either within or
ing their skills and wares in Turkey. During May and June of without the country. (7) Experienced Turkish pilots used their
that year, the French aeronaut Barbout flew with his balloon previous wartime connections for gaining access to the semi-
over Istanbul. On these flights he took along some Ottoman clandestine German aircraft plants in Denmark, Holland,
officers and even members of the Ottoman imperial family. In Sweden and the Soviet Union. The Junkers firm had initial
December of the same year, Baron de-Catters, on his way to close relations with Turkey. Starting in 1924 twenty German-
Egypt, performed two demonstration flights over Istanbul built single-engine Junkers F.13s(8) and two three-engine
with his Voisin aircraft. Very soon afterward, Louis Bleriot, Junkers G.24s were acquired for staff and VIP transports. (9)
who had earlier gained fame for his flight across the English The following year an agreement was made with the German
Channel, arrived in Istanbul. However, his demonstration firm Junkers to build an aviation factory at Kayseri in the
flight ended in near disaster with a crash which placed Bleriot interior. (10)
in a hospital. In 1927 diplomatic, boundary and financial under
The Ottoman government established an Air Force in standing had been reached with the Western states. By the
1912 with a small number of French and later British trained mid-i 920s, normal attrition, lack of spare parts and opera
aviators and purchased French, British and, by 1914, tions for internal pacification had depleted the stocks of
American built aircraft. Additionally, an observation balloon obsolete wartime aircraft and created a need for new equip
unit was formed. Reconnaissance flights were flown in the ment. French, British, Polish, Czech and American firms
Balkan Wars, 1912-1913. A prestige flight with two-seat increasingly vied for the growing Turkish aviation business.
Bleriot us was made from Istanbul across Asia Minor and The French initially had extensive aviation relations with
through Syria to Egypt in early 1914. Turkey. French instructors set up flying and mechanical
During World War One, the Ottoman alliance with the schools. Lesser quantities of aircraft products were pur
Central Powers brought a variety of German equipment. chased from Poland and Czechoslovakia.(ui)
Some Ottoman pilots trained in Germany and Austria. Ot
toman air units were active against Russia in the Black Sea Early Turkish-American aviation relations
basin and the Caucasus, and against the British in Iraq Early in 1929, a Turkish economic mission went to the
(Mesopotamia), Thrace, the Straits (Dardanelles), the United States. Among its several tasks were studying
Aegean and along the Mediterranean coasts of Asia Minor American aviation and making recommendations for the
(Turkey) and Syria/Palestine to the Sinai peninsula and into purchase of American equipment. As a result of negotiations,
western Arabia (the Hejaz). All Turkish units had some Ger during the following months the Turkish-American Invest
man fliers and technicians in their ranks. A small number of ment Corporation was formed, and at the end of June, 1930
independent German air units (the “Pasha units, Fliegerab the Republic of Turkey obtained its first foreign loan:
teilung 300-305) operated parallel to the Turks in Syria and $10,000,000 in return for a portion of the income from the
Palestine. During the war a cadre of Turkish pilots, crews and government’s match monopoly.(i2)
technicians gained valuable experience for the future. (3) Apparently in anticipation of the loan, the Curtiss Cor
poration of the United States aggressively sought a share of
Aviation in early Republican Turkey the potential Turkish market. Already in May of 1930, a
In 1923, after a bitter conflict with Allied-supported product-demonstration team of the Curtiss-Wright Export
Greece in western Asia Minor, the new Republic of Turkey Company was in Europe for a three month tour. The second
developed an air arm equipped with surplus World War One stop was Turkey, where, in addition to aerial displays for the
aircraft which had been either abandoned at the war’s end by military market, the feasibility of a two hour Istanbul-Ankara
the European powers or purchased in the illegal arms market. flight was shown in contrast to a sixteen hour train pas
French-built Breguet Br.14 recon-bombers and SPAD.13 sage. (13) The CWEC visit would soon bear fruit.
fighters, as well as a variety of German, Italian and British
equipment were used. Turkish student pilots were sent for Airline development
training to Europe, particularly to France and Italy. The fled The Turkish government increasingly looked on
gling THK initially concentrated on fighter and recon/bomber scheduled air transportation as a means to facilitate travel by
aircraft for frontier defense and internal counter-insurgency diplomats, government officials and businessmen. The rail
action against radical Muslim groups and Kurdish road system was limited, and roads were primitive. The few
separatists. (4) transport aircraft in the Air Force inventory were insufficient
The president Mustafa Kemal (to become known as to growing needs. Ataturk’s modernization program
Ataturk), 1923-1 938, was a supporter of aviation as part of his demanded improved communications within the country.
modernization policies.(5) However, because the early Though foreign airlines flew to land and seaplane facilities
Turkish Republic was not immediately fully accepted by the near Istanbul, overflights were prohibited into, or across, the
former Allies and had limitations placed on its military equip- interior, large parts of which were designated as military

SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000 115

zones. (14) Demonstrations of foreign aircraft generally were A major expansion and reequipping of the DHY occurred
held near Istanbul or at lzmir on the central Aegean coast. in 1936. The government’s five year plan for developing
The State Airlines (Deviet Hava Yollari = DHY) was industry announced early in 1934 had included aviation. The
founded officially on May 20, 1933 by Law Number 21 86(1 5) British DeHavilland Company with its emerging line of air
The airline was administratively linked to the Ministry of Na liners superseded the initial American Curtiss position. One
tional Defense through the Under-Secretary of Aviation.(16) DH.84 Dragon Moth twin-engine six-passenger biplane
The first director was the experienced flier Fesa Evrensev, transport was purchased in 1935. Successful experience with
who was called out of military retirement.(17) Other airline the DH.84 led to purchasing three twin-engined, six-pas
pilots were seconded’ active-duty Air Force officers, who senger DH.89 Dragon Rapide biplanes and three four-en
soon would be able to acquire multi-engine experience which gined, ten-passenger DH.86 Dragon Express biplanes. The
atthetime military equipment could seldom provide. In 1933, previous Junkers, Tupolev and Curtiss aircraft were taken
the DHY was a small undertaking. The twenty-four personnel from airline service by the end of 1935. The DeHavilland
included seven pilots, one radio operator, eight mechanics, aircraft apparently were the first newly built equipment. Thus,
seven clerks and one administrator. The Turkish government the DHY fleet in 1936 consisted of eight new-built aircraft with
financed the airline. The first funding for the DHY was 180,000 sixty-four available seats.(26) These various DeHavillands
Turkish lira, approximately $70,000.(18) This amount ap would constitute the entire DHY fleet until 1943.
parently did not include major capital equipment such as
aircraft, which were in the military inventory. Continuing development
The initial airline fleet consisted of five aircraft: two Ger The apparent success during the initial two years of DHY
man-built, one Soviet-built and two-American built, which operation not only resulted in purchasing the new equipment,
would be the only equipment for the next two years. All were but also in a reorganization within the Turkish government.
used aircraft. Two of the Junkers F.13s, acquired in the In May, 1935 the airline was placed into the Ministry of Public
mid-twenties for the Air Force were allocated to the DHY. Works (Nafia Vekaleti), headed by Ali Chetinkaya, who also
During 1933, a trio of twin-engined Tupolev ANT-9!M-16 oversaw railway and shipping activities. Despite having been
transports were given by the Soviet Union to Turkey in com transferred to a civilian branch of the government, the Turkish
memoration of the tenth anniversary of the Turkish Republic. Air Force continued to be the only source for pilots. In part,
One Tupolev was assigned to the airline, but saw little use; because the TAF provided the only opportunities for training
the Tupolevs were retained by the Air Force and Air League on higher performance aircraft, and also because the DHY
for parachute training.(19) The aggressive international fleet could provide multi-engine experience which was mini
marketing of Curtiss-Wright in the 1931-1932 period is shown mally available on its own equipment. (27)
by the first purchased DHY equipment two CW.55 Kingbird
- Route expansion followed during the following three
twin-engined light transports. These aircraft had been bought years, 1935-1938.(28) From an initial single Ankara-Istanbul
the previous year and shipped to Istanbul by early 1933, link, service was extended westward to lzmir (via Afyon) on
where they were assembled, then flown via Eskishehir to the Aegean, southward to Antalya (via Konya) and Adana on
Ankara on February 3.(20) the Mediterranean and eastward through the mountainous
The Kingbird purchase was part of a larger aircraft sales plateau to Kayseri, Sivas, Erzerum, Elazig, Diyarbakir and
contract between Curtiss and Turkey. Twenty-four Curtiss Van. Air routes continued to parallel railways, in part because
Hawk 2 fighters, and six FledgTing trainers also were pur of safety concerns, but also because the railways went
chased. These thirty aircraft were disassembled, crated and through the lower passes of the rugged mountains surround
then shipped by sea to Istanbul, where they were former ing the Anatolian plateau. A system of signal lights, telegraph,
Junkers plant. (21) telephone and radio links improved travel and coordination.
The new DHY had limited routes and schedules. Initially The DHY rarely operated during the winter and always flew
the flights between Istanbul and Ankara were via way of very conservatively even in good conditions.(29) The DHY
Eskishehir, an important military aviation center located mid did not fly beyond Turkey’s borders; foreign flight connec
way between the old and new Turkish capitals. Each leg of tions were made at Istanbul.
the trip took about one and a quarter hours. The air route over Equipment modernization and route extension is
most portions followed the railroad, near which emergency reflected in the quantities of passengers, freight carried and
fields were designated. The round trip flights were made distances flown (30):
thrice weekly on Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays. To
attract civilian passengers, the fares were approximately that passengers cargo (kg) distance (km)
of an overnight sleeper train. Each passenger was insured for 1935 273 1,208 172,000
1936 1,124 6,813 204,000
10,000 lira (approximately $4,000).(22) Scheduled service
1937 609 6,900 210,000
was only in daytime during the summer. For the five available 1938 879 8,984 128,347
aircraft the total seats numbered only twenty-eight. (23) 1939 2,877 12,798 not available
During 1934 and 1935 the DHY operated on a minimal basis. 1940 739 13,927 136,270
In 1934, 158 passengers were carried with 100,000 flight
kilometers. In 1935, 273 passengers were carried with The gradual increase in cargo weights reflects the ship
172,000 flight kilometers.(24) Seemingly, the first two years ment of newspapers to all parts of the country. The airline was
of operation were more to prove the feasibility for scheduled a means not only for moving people, but also for moving
airline service than to operate a commercial and civilian type information. Receiving current newspapers from Istanbul and
airline. These provisional operations were successful.(25) Ankara was important for building a base of support among
the growing number of the modernizing and secularizing
116 SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000
literate population in the provincial centers. The rapid rise in of six DeHavilland Domine transports, military versions of the
passengers during 1939 reflects, no doubt, increased travel DH.89 Dragon Rapide.(37) Though these six-seat Domines
by diplomats and officials as World War Two was beginning. brought the carrying capacity of the TDHY to one-hundred
Likewise, the decline in distances flown would suggest a seats, the aircraft were already somewhat worn veterans of
reallocation of scarce imported aviation fuel to military pur the British Middle East campaigns, and more likely may have
poses. (See note on bomber acquisition, #27.) The number been cannibalized for spares to keep the Dragon Rapides in
of personnel employed by the Turkish State Airlines also operation. The Domines, however, remained on the formal
increased during the last half of the 1930s (31): inventory of the TDHY through 1946 and were more likely
used for air freight rather than passenger carrying. (38)
pilots radio mechanics clerks workers total A more significant increase in carrying capacity for the
operators
TDHY came in early 1944 with the acquisition of five newly
1935 6 1 7 12
1936 6 6 12 29 built civilian airline furnished Junkers Ju.52 three-engine
1937 8 10 15 27 60 transports. Germany at the time was hard pressed for aircraft
1938 13 21 30 81 17 162 to reequip its military air transport fleet which had been
1939 16 24 26 76
heavily depleted during the disastrous 1943 North African
1940 9 22 23 72 and
Russian campaigns. However, German dependence on
The number of pilots doubled from eight in 1937 to Turkish chromium had led to the reluctant agreement.(39)
sixteen in 1939 and then fell to nine in 1940. Apparently, The seventeen-passenger Junkers transports were delivered
additional multi-engine qualified pilots were needed by the in early 1944 and were the first new equipment for the TDHY
Turkish Air Force to crew the growing number of twin-engine since 1936; they served in Turkey through 1947 and in
aircraft being acquired by the military. (Again, see note creased the potential TDHY passenger load to 185(4041)
#27.) (32)
Financial aspects of the Turkish State Air Ways
Turkish air transport during World War Two The TDHY was a government owned and operated air
During World War Two, neutrality was maintained by line. It was not intended to turn a profit, but rather to improve
Turkey. All aspects of aviation experienced shortages of administration, rapidly move important materials and provide
spare parts for the variety of foreign built aircraft. (33) Aviation multi-engine training for Turkish Air Force pilots and crews.
fuel was limited. However, basic maintenance was within the The wide disparity between the state provided expenses and
Turkish capabilities. Both Germany and Britain courted net income (safi gelir) from passengers and cargo is shown
neutral Turkey with its strategic position at the juncture of below (42,43):
Europe and the Near East and supplied spare parts as much
expenses (TL) income (TL)
as possible. Additionally, Turkey was a source for chromium, 1933 180,000 7,549
cotton and food stuffs. 1934 180,859 3,052
Air traffic between Istanbul and Ankara increased greatly, 1935 850,000 6,308
1936 998,000 4,075
contributing to an overall rise in figures for the TDHY (34).
1937 287,206 34,075
1938 544,511 29,745
passengers cargo (kg) distance (km) 1939 508,944 70,329
1941 2,189 5,710 177,060 1940 1,111,634 13,156
1942 5,481 16,851 358,300 1941 511,977 37,574
1943 5,691 43,230 365,920 1942 796,758 155,486
1944 14,249 115,810 615,058 1943 3,450,398 257,358
1945 18,221 126,490 718,073 1944 2,712,877 528,435
1945 1,195,190 621,801
The airline’s personnel more than doubled during the
course of the war in response to growing demands on its Three periods of high expenses stand out: 1935-1936,
services (35) when 1,848,000 Turkish liras were expended, corresponding
to initially starting up the airline and purchasing the De
pilots radio mechanics clerks workers total Havilland transports; 1940, when 1,111,634 TL were spent,
operators
possibly in purchasing spare parts, aviation gasoline and
1941 12 21 28 52 42 155
1942 12 20 26 40 64 162 other necessities as the Second World War was breaking out;
1943 18 30 32 65 56 201 1943, when 3,450,398 TLwere spent for other items, including
1944 17 28 39 46 182 312 the five Junkers Ju.52 transports. (44)
1945 18 36 48 46 242 390

The immediate post-War period

As War World War Two progressed, neutral Turkey, with
The end of World WarTwo significantly altered the opera
over one million men mobilized for service, was hard pressed tions and equipment of the DI-IY. In 1946, thirty-three
to maintain both its military and civilian aviation estab
American-built Douglas C-47 transports versions were ob
lishments. Germany and England supplied limited numbers tained byTurkey.(45) Ex-military craft, these did not begin to
of military aircraft and spare parts.(36) enter airline service until 1947, in which year the DeHavilland
The TDHY continued to operate its now six and seven
and Junkers transports were taken out of duty. The thirty-
year old eight DeHavilland transports, safely, however,
three aircraft of the DHY on paper made it the largest airline
without any serious accidents or losses. The DeHavilland fleet
in the Middle East. However, all the C-47/DC-3s were not put
received a significant augmentation in 1943 with the addition
SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000 117
into full service till 1950. The aircraft were gradually renovated nificant technological developments of the twentieth century.
and brought up to airline standards at the Etimesgut facility
of the Turkish Air Force near Ankara. (46,47) David Montgomery (SAFCH #975), 323 KMB, P0 Box
In 1946 three women employees of the DHY began 24446,ProvoUT846O2-584,USA.
training as stewardesses (‘hostesler”, + ler = plural en
ding) .48) Five more women became entered the stewardess Photo Captions (Photos on pages 110 and 143) All photos via
service in 1948 began to make scheduled flights to Athens, the author
the first foreign flight for the Turkish Airways. (49,50) a. Fesa Eurensev, 1878-1951. First director of the TDHY,
Turkish civilian and military aviation development since 1933. (Albayrak, DBTHY)
1947 became closely linked to the United States, which b. Curtiss-Wright Kingbird. Turkish State Air Lines, ca.
assumed a protecting role during the Cold War. Increasing 19833. (Albayrak, DBTHY).
numbers of American personnel, equipment and airbases c. Mustafa Kamal Ataturk meeting Curtiss-Wright ‘TC
appeared in Turkey. The Turkish Airlines significantly im- KUS’ at Ankara,ca. 1934. (From Turkish Air League archives)
proved its services to include daily and year round schedules d. Junkers G.24. (Junkers’ sales brochure, Ca. 1928)
as Americanfunding became available. (51 ,52) e. Tupolev ANT-9. (Air Enthusiast, July 1971)
f. Junkers Ju 52s were used by the Turkish State Air Lines
Concluding thoughts 1944-1947. (Albayrak, DBTHY)
The Republic of Turkey, under the presidencies of Mus- g. TDHY poster, ca. 1946. “Save time, choose the airline”.
tafa Kemal (1923-1938), and then Ismet Inonu (1938-1950), in (Albayrak, DBTHY)
the early difficult decades of its existence, with limited internal h. De Havilland DeH 86.
resources and a wide range of modernization needs, while i. De Havilland DeH 86 ‘TC-GEN’ and ‘TC-FER’.
building a state had shown the foresight and determination j. De Havilland DeH 89 ‘TC-DAG’. (Albayrak, DBTHY)
to acquire, master and utilize aviation, one of the most sig

Footnotes In 1927, the name was changed to its modern drawn provided with opportunities for glider and
1. This article is a development of a paper Turkish equivalent 1-lava Kuvvetleri Mufettisligi eventually power flight training. The Turkish Air
presented at the Conference of historic Aviation (InspectorateofAirForces). InJune 1928,another League currently has its main office in Ankara and
Writers, Ninth Biennial Meeting, St. Louis, Mis organizational change took place; now it was has branches throughout the country.
souri; 22-24 October, 1999. Mr. Bulent Yilmazerof named as I-lava Mutesarligi (Undersecretariate of 8. Erguder Gediz. Uchak AlbümO (Aircraft
Ankara, Turkeywas kind enough to offer a critique Air) attached to the Mdli Savunma Bakantigi (Min Album), volume 2; Ankara: Air Force General
in a December, 1999, communication; his com istry of National Defense). Through all these years Staff, 1984, pp. 53a-53b. Called the “Limozin”, the
ments and corrections have been useful. logistics for the air service was the responsibility of F.13s were in first line TAF service till 1930, when
2. David C. Montgomery, Ph.D., is a Profes the Defense Ministry; operations were under the several apparentlywere turned over to the Turkish
sor of History at Brigham Young University, command of the general staff. In February 1944, Air League as publicity machines and parachute
Provo, Utah. the air service became an independent organiza trainers. Others may have become VIP transports
3. A good and recent discussion of the Ot tion as the 1-lava Kuvvetleri Komutanligi (Air For for government officials, a type of “non-scheduled”
toman Air Force during World War One can be ces Command); however, it had the command airline. The last “Limozin” was withdrawn from
found in: David Nicolle, “Young Turks, Ottoman structure of a corps and only in 1947 became an flight status in 1937.
Turkish Fighters 1915-1918”; Air Enthusiast; part independent branch of service known asTurk 1-lava 9. The Junkers G.24 apparently was the first
one (March-April, 1998), pp. 40-45; part two Kuvvetleri (Turkish Air Forces).” multi-engined aircraft acquired for regular use by
(May/June, 1998), pp. 68-73; part three 5. “lstikhal Göktedir” (“The future is in the the new Turkish Air Force. Though these aircraft
(July/August, 1998), . sky’), a slogan attributed to M. K. Ataturk, ap were flown with Turkish markings, theywere never
11
-
6
pp.
4. Though a discussion about the history of peared widely on posters and in publications in purchased byTurkey and remained the property of
Turkish military aviation is beyond the intent of Turkey during the 1930s. Aspects of economic Junkers. (Bulent Yilmazer) Primarily used to
this present article, Mr. Yilmazer provided in his development in the new Republic of Turkey were transport high government officials, one G.24 was
comments information which might be of interest guided by the principle of “statism”, whereby the lost in a non-fatal accident in the mid 1930s. Soon
and use to those probing more deeply into the government directed funding to specific areas of afterward an example of the Junkers K.30 bomber
topic: “... the Ottoman airservice is officially known the economy which would not show early profits to was obtained, possibly by way of Sweden, but saw
as The General Inspectorate of Air Force. The attract sufficient private investment. An informa little use. During World War One a few twin-en
term Ottoman Air Force is a misnomer, and the tive essay about Ataturk’s association with aviation gined French-built Caudron G.4s had been cap
Ottoman air service was never an independent is found in Muhterem Erenli. ‘Atatürk ye tured and saw very little use in 1917 and 1918. For
force. Similarly, the air service of the Republic of 1-lavacitik” (“Ataturk and Aviation”), Atatlirk a brief overview of many aircraft used by Turkey
Turkey did not become an independent force Arastirma Merkezi I)ergesi (Journal of the see: “Pictorial history of Turkish military aviation”;
(Turk Hava Kuvvetleri) until 1947. During the Is Ataturk Research Center); volume 2, number 4 Air Enthusiast, vol. 1, no. 2 (July 1971), pp. 83-86;
tiklal Harbi (Independence War) the Turkish air (November, 1985), pp. 215-244; thirteen rare in this article the transport aircraft used by the early
service was first known as Kuvai Ilavaiye Subesi photographs accompany the article. “civilian” Turkish airline are noted as military
(Air Force Branch) attached to the I-larbiye 6. For example, only in 1927 did the United types.
Dairesi (Department of War) within the Milli States and Turkey reestablish the diplomatic rela 10. This was a difficult undertaking. The
Mudafa Vekaleti (Ministry of National Defense). tions which had been broken off in 1917. remote provincial center, far to the southeast from
In 1921, it was reorganized as Kuvai I-Iavaiye Genel 7.The main public expression of Turkish avia Ankara and distant from the eyes of diplomatic
Mudurlugu (General Directorate of Air Force). In tion activities was through the government spon embassies, was not yet connected to the limited
July 1922, it was reorganized once more as Kuvai sored civilian organization Turk Ilava Kurumu Turkish railway system. At first a logistical difficul
Ilavaiye Mufettisligi (Inspectorate of Air Force), (Turkish Air League) established in 1926 to ty, the site was strategically secure. In the construc
this time attached to the Genelkurmay Baskanligi promote air-mindedness. Funds were raised for tion process, which began in 1926, materials
(Joint Chief of Staff). This organization was military and civilian aviation activities through lot initially had to be transported by ox cart and camel
retained when Turkey became a republic in 1923. teries and public appeals. Young people were back. “The undertaking was announced by a half-

118 SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000

page newspaper advertisement in both German an outline narrative are found in this book publish- which, however, had been purchased in April, 1935
and Ottoman Turkish (Arabic script) for the ed to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the for testing. (see: Bowers, p284) On completion of
“Turkishe Flugzeug und Motoren A. G.”, mention airline. This work is subsequently referred to as Hawk 2 and 3 production in 1935, the Kayseni plant
ing both war planes and sport planes. (Bulent YiI DBTHY. Yilniazer: The office initiallyadministrat began to assemble and then manufacture licensed
mazer) By May of 1927 a railroad line was ing the air line was termed Hava Yollari Devhet examples of the Polish PZL-24 fighter; the first
completed to Kayseri, and heavy aircraft com Isletme Idaresi (State Bureau for Airway Opera- whollyTurkish model produced flew in May, 1936;
ponents such as engines could be transported by tions) PZL-24 production continued through 1938. (see:
rail. The plant was opened that summer and began 16. Mecid Bey; Aircraft Yearbook (1932), John W. Taylor. Combat Aircraft of the World;
to assemble single-engined Junkers A.20 two-seat p.593. NewYork: Putnam, 1969, p. 287).
attack planes from semi-finished components. 17. Fesa Evrensev (1878-1951) was the first 22. Four thousand dollars (10,000 TL) was a
Financial disputes about the shared Turkish and qualified Turkish aviator, having received flight considerable amount of money for the time. How-
German ownership and differing pay scales for training in France during 1912. He flew missions ever, it may have reflected the confident and con
German and Turkish engineers led to its closure in during the Balkan Wars. Captured by the Russians servative attitude of the DHY. During its first
1928 and reopening as a completely Turkish in 1916, he spent threeyears as a prisoner in Siberia fifteen years of operation there were no fatal acci
government facility. Comments about financial ar till he escaped and returned to Turkey in 1920. He dents, and no aircraft were lost. (author’s informa
rangement are from interviews conducted by David flew against the Greeks and Allies in the War for tion from notes taken in conversations at the
C. Montgomery at the Turkish Air League in Independence. Later, he was an instructor at the Turkish Air League, 1990).
Ankara, Turkey, during May and June of 1990. Air School in Izmir. He retired from the military 22. The Junkers G.24, often the president’s
Additionally, reference should be made to a brief with the rank of colonel at the age of forty-seven. aircraft, was never considered part of the TDHY
discussion of the Kayseri plant in Lennart Ander After one year spent organizing the DHY, he was fleet.
son. “Junkers Two-seaters”, Air Enthusiast, num active with the Turkish Air League till his death. 23. DBTIIY, pp. 28, 32.
ber44 (1992), . 77
-
70
pp. DBTIIY, p. 19. 24. Airline development in Turkey lagged ap
11. During the late 1920s, among the aircraft 18. DBTIIY, pp. 24-27. proximately half a decade behind similar patterns
purchased from France were Morane-Saulnier 19. The Tupolev AN1’-9s possibly ended their in Western Europe and North America. This small
trainers (MS.35s, 53s and 147s, Caudron C.59 service in Ankara prior to World War Two. First period of time is commendable, considering the
trainers, Dewoitine D.21 fighters and Breguet produced as a tn-motor with radial engines and relative technical, industrial and economic bases.
Br.19 recon-bombers. Other foreign purchases in later with two more powerful in-line engines, an For an introduction to world airline development
1929 included sixteen Czech-built LetovS.16T two American aviation writervisitingTurkey mistaken refer to Oliver E. Allen. The Airline Builders;
seat recon/bombers. France, however, throughout ly identified them as “two Fokkers” (the similar Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life, 1981.
the 1920s was the main aircraft supplier. Turkey appearing F.8); William Gilnian. “Those Flying 25. DBTIIY, p. 33.
during the 1930s made efforts to avoid having a Turks”, Popular Aviation; vol. 23, no. 1 (July, 26. The Naval Air Arm operated half a dozen
single foreign source for military equipment. This, 1938), pp. 18-20, 82-83. Comments on ANT-9 use British-built Southampton flying boats, which had
however, complicated supply and maintenance. are also from author’s interviews in Ankara, May- recently retired the last of ten German-designed
12. Richard D. Robinson. The First Turkish June, 1990. The Soviet Union was unsuccessful in and Danish-built Rohrbaeh Ro.3A flying boats ob
Repuhlic; Cambridge, Mass.; Flarvard University selling powered aircraft to Turkey. However, tained in the mid-1920s. However, at the time the
Press, 1963; p. 298. Ataturk’s government was ex during the 1930s many Turkish glider pilots par TAF was anticipating multi-engine equipment. In
tremely wary of foreign loans. The Ottoman ticipated in events held on the Crimean Peninsula. 1936 twelve Bristol Blenheim bombers were or
government in the late nineteenth century had be Several Soviet designed gliders were gifted to the dered from England; the first were delivered in
come bankrupt as a result of such and had sub- Turkish Air League. In 1934 Turkish airmen made 1937. In the same year twenty Martin 139 bombers
nutted to a period of foreign management of a goodwill flight to Moscow. Also, in 1933 the Turks were ordered from the United States; the first were
selective aspects of its economy. (Most textbooks had one single-engine Polikarpov R-5 recon/bomb delivered in August or September of 1937. Also in
on the Middle East discuss this difficult period. en which was presented by the Soviets in 1933. 1937. thirty Heinkel He.111 bombers were ordered
See, for example: Sydney N. Fisher and William (Yilmazer) At least one Pohikarpov Po-2 was ob from Germany, the first batch of lllFs were
Ochsenwald. The Middle East, a Ilistory: 4th edi tained for use as a glider tug. (information acquired delivered in 1938. It is worth noting that no bom
tion: New York: McGraw I-lilh, 1990; pp. 317 -318. by author while working with the Turkish Air bers were ordered from Italy, which was viewed as
The United States, with no prior imperialist ambi League in 1990). a potential foe because of its holding the formerly
tions toward Turkey, though having broken 20. DBTIIY, p.12. The Kingbirds purchase Turkish-held Dodecanese Islands in the Aegean.
diplomatic relations had not declared war in World details are obscure. Their purchase and transfer to In a 1990 conversation at the Turkish Air League,
War One, was viewed as an acceptable foreign Turkey are not noted in Peter M. Bowers. Curtiss the authorwas told that the Martin l39was ordered
creditor. Aircraft, 1907-1947; Annapolis: Naval Institute because it had the range to carry a sufficient bomb
13. The flight demonstration team was led by Press, 1987. One Kingbird was registered TC-KUS load to the Italian naval base at Taranto.
Melvin I-lath and included James Doohittle, John (personal photo of David C. Montgomery). Addi 28. Yilmazer: The name for the airline’s offi
Cannon and James Parker. William Goulding, the tional details about theTunkish Kingbirds have just cial administrative body was again changed by
vice-president of the CWEC, accompanied the tour been published in Richard S. Allen. “The Cuntiss public law number 3424 on June 3, 1938, to Devlet
and also flew. The demonstrated aircraft were the Kingbird”. Skyays, No.52 (October, 1999), p. 17. 1-Java Yolhani Isletme Genel Mudurlugu (General
Robin tourer, Fledgling trainer, Falcon recon/at Previously owned by Eastern Air Transport Cor Directorate for State Air Ways Operation). By this
tack and P-6A I-Iawk fighter. I-Iall in his autobiog poration, the two aircraft in 1932 had been leased time the term DHY (Develet I-lava Yollari, “State
raphy, Journey to the End of an Era; New York: for six months to the Turkish Ministry of national Air Ways’) had come into general use.
Scribners, 1947, pp. 363-366, mentions the Turkey Defense with an option to purchase. The Kingbirds 29. Refer to note 21 above.
phase of the tour. Doohittle in his autobiography, I were first used by the Air I..iaison Detachment 30. DBTIIY, pp. 32-45.
Could Never be so Lucky Again; New York: Ban (I-Java Irtibat Kitaati) and in May, 1933 handed 31. DBTHY, pp. 36-56.
tam Books, 1992, does not discuss the stop in over to the state airlines. 32. In addition to the above mentioned twin-
Turkey. 21. The Kayseni facility would serve as an engine bombers being acquired, the TAF also
14. In 1929, Turkey scheduled air service was important aircraft assembly, manufacture and received ten German-built Focke-WuIf Fw.58s for
provided by two foreign airline. The Italian firm tliaintenance center until after World War Two. crew training and liaison in 1938 and 1939. In 1940,
Societa Anortima Aero Expresso hal iana operated Remote from Europe, it was far enough to the east ten British-built Avro Ansons were purchased.
a twice-weekly service between Istanbul and [Inn to provide service to Turkish aircraft tasked to the Ucliak Aibtimli, vol. 2(1984), pp. 85b, 90b.
disi bywayof Piraeus in Greece. The French airline Caucasus and Syria-Iraq frontiers. Reopening the 33. For a discussion of the Turkish Air Force
Compagnie International de Navigation Aerienne Kayseni plant was necessary to maintain and during World War Two see: Gary Leiser. “The
regularly flew from Istanbul to Paris by way of develop indigenous aviation technical skills. At Turkish Air Force, 1939-1945: the Rise of a Minor
Sofia, Bucharest. I3elgrade, Vienna. Prague, Kayseni. a second batch of twenty Cuntiss I Iawks Power; Middle Eastern Studies, volume 26, num
Nurcmbeig. Frartkfort and St rasbourg. were produced from imported and indigenous raw ber 3 (July, 1990), pp. 383-395.
15. Ilyas Albayrak. DOntlen IlOgilne TOrk materials. These planes, known as the “Hawk 3”, 34. D1ITIIY, pp. 44-56.
IIivaVolInri (Turkish Airways from the Past to the featured structural, power plant and armament 35. DBTIIY, pp. 47-56.
Present); Ankara, 1983; p. 14. A valuable, though tuodifications; they are not to be confused with the 36. Front line Turkish Air Force fighter units
brief, source for itiformation about the early his similarly labeled American-built Ilawk III (FI1C- were equipped with a tn-national assortment of
totyair transportation inTurkey. Many photos and 3/BF2C-1) with retractable landing gear, one of American built Curtiss P-40s, British built Hawker

SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000 119

Hurricanes and Supermarinc Spitfires as well as tions with Germany were broken off August 1, Baykal (1947-1953). Each of these men had been
German-built Focke-WuIf Fw.190s. The German 1944. On February 23, 1945. Turkey declared war pilots in the Turkish Air Force. DBT1IY, pp. 17-78.
aircraft were newly purchased; most of the on Germany. NoTurkish forces engaged in military 48. DBTIIY, pp. 63-66.
American and British-built planes were seconded actions. However, many warplanes from British 49. DBT1IY, p.66. Not till 1956 were addition
from RAF stocks in the Middle East. Interestingly, stocks in the Middle East were transferred to al foreign routes added: Beirut, Lefkosha (Cyprus)
the British were the main source of spare parts for Turkey. and Cairo, these also flown by DC-3s.
the Focke-WuIf fighters and Heinkel bombers; 42. DBTIIY, pp. 25-56; these figures, as also 50. In 1945, with the end of World War Two,
Axis aircraft shot down over Allied lines were can noted by Yilmazer, possibly are not fully accurate, Turkeyjoined the ICAO (International Civil Avia
nibalized for useful parts, which then were but are the only set readily available. tion Organization). C. Ciray, D. Kaya. “Review of
provided to Turkey. A source at the Turkish Air 43. The value of the Turkish lira through Turkish Aviation and Aeronautical Industry”; un
League in Ankara told lhe author that tires for the much of this period was approximately 2.4 per US published report; Ankara, 1989; p. .
7
Fw.190s were always a problem. The last of the dollar. 51. For a discussion of the growing influence
seventy-two Fw.190s operated by Turkey was 44. The Ju.52 transport expense possibly was of the United States on Turkish military (and by
retired in 1947, when flown to Kayseri and a “paper transaction” in exchange for Turkish association civil aviation) see: Craig Livingston.
scrapped. chromium. “The U. S. Air Force Group and the American
37. DBTIIY, p.50. 45. The thirty C-47/DC-3s were purchased Mission for Aid to Turkey, 1947-1950”; Middle
38. DBTIIY, p.57. from American stocks in Egypt for S20,000! Eastern Studies; volume 30, number 4 (October,
39. Turkey stopped selling chromium to Ger DBTIIY, p.55. 1994), pp. 778-825.
nianyon May 1, 1944; up to this date, since the start 46. DBTIIY, p.57. 52. Alas, too late for inclusion into this report
of 1943, Turkey had sold 62,000 tons to Germany 47. Directors of the DJIY from its founding is a recently acquired copy of Turkish Commercial
and 58,000 tons to the Allies. Robinson, pp. 306- in 1933 were: Fesa Evrensev (1933-1934), Ayni Bey Aviation, by Mieczyslaw Budek; Baker Library,
307. (1935), Shevket An and Sabri Tamer (1936), Sabri Graduate School of Business Administration, Har
40. DBTIIY, pp. 52-57. Tamer and 1-lasan Fehmi Suerdem (1937), 1-lasan vard University; Boston, Massachusetts. 1955.
41. Turkey’s neutrality took shift toward the Fehmi SOerdem and Ferruh Shahinhash (1938),
Allies at this time. Diplomatic and economic rela Ferruh Shahinbash (1939-1946) and Osman Nun

- l--_i
4) ‘

MiG-29U8,611 th Sqn.,6th Air Group,Peruvian A.F.;

B.A.”Capitàn José Abelardo Quiñones GonzaIes’
Chiclayo,1997.
120 SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December2000
 The Romanian Hurricanes in Combat
Sid Napier
In April 1939 a Romanian delegation visited Britain, painted yellow, a yellow band was painted on the rear
France and Germany seeking to purchase aircraft and other fuselage, and on some aircraft, e.g. No.3, the tail markings
military hardware forthe modernization and expansion of the were shortened to cover only the upper quarter or one-third
Aeronautica Regala Romana (ARR = Romanian Royal Air of the rudder. The code was painted in black on the fin, in
Force). The contracts signed in Britain included one, white under the port wing and in black under the starboard
No.7368, awarded to Avro for the delivery to Romania of 50 wing.
Hawker Hurricane Mk Is that were to be operated by three As depicted by Bernad, Hurricane No.1 flown by Capitan
squadrons, i.e., Escadrlle 53, 54 and 55. Only 12 Hurricanes aviator Emil Georgescu had the spinner as well as the nose
were actually delivered. These were diverted from an RAF painted yellow, but the fin left in Dark Green/Earth Brown with
contract and bore the serials L2077, L2078, L2085, [2093- the ‘1” applied in yellow. The yellow fuselage band was both
12097, 12104, and L21 12-12114. The other 38 Hurricanes wider and applied farther forward than on No.3. The Mihai
were withheld after the fall of France in June 1940 to meet the Cross on the fuselage was in a “seldom-used stencil-style”
RAF’s increased need for fighter aircraft and Romania and worn together with an emblem depicting a mounted
renounced the redundant Anglo-French guarantee of its Mickey Mouse with lance. A photo in Air International shows
security. a Hurricane with the “seldom-used” Mihai Cross on the
Deliveryofthe 12 Hurricaneswas initiated inAugust 1939 fuselage and wings, a yellow fuselage band and fin, shor
and completed in March 1940. Shipment was preceded by tened tail markings, and the undersurface of the rearfuselage
acceptance flights carried out in Britain by Romanian pilots painted a pale colour. The code is not visible. Reflected light
led by a Capitan aviator Draganescu who personally flew
- obscures any emblem possibly present on the fuselage,
each of the 12 aircraft. The Hurricanes were then crated and makes it difficult to decide whether the nose is painted yellow,
shipped to the Black Sea port of Constanta, from where they and gives the impression the port wheel cover was not
were moved by rail to the airfield at Pipera, near Bucharest. painted black.
There they were re-assembled by British technicians, and A photo of Hurricane No.5, probably taken in May 1941,
again flight tested by Capitan av Draganescu. Given the shows this aircraft with the Mihai Cross and yellow band on
codes 1 through 12 they were then taken on strength by the fuselage, but with the roundels still on the undersurfaces
Escadrila 53 vanatoare of Grupul 5 vanatoare. of the wings, top-to-bottom rudder markings, and the nose
As delivered, the 12 Hurricanes were powered by 900-hp not yet painted yellow. Two additional bands of colour had
Merlin II Is and had metal wings. Photos show they were fitted been painted on the propeller blades under the yellow tips;
with De Havilland/Hamilton three-blade propellers, had the that furthest in was probably yellow and that in between
first-type ejector exhausts, windshields with horizontal upper possibly red. The undersides of the wing tips appear to have
frame members, rear view mirrors, and early pole-type radio been painted’in a colour other than the yellow of the tail
masts. markings.
All 12 wore standard RAF Dark Green/Dark Earth Scheme
A or Scheme B upper surface camouflage, e.g. No.1 and Acquisition of Yugoslav Hurricanes
No.3, respectively, and had black spinners and black The Hurricanes having been taken on charge by Es
propeller blades with yellow tips. The spinner of one Hur cadrila 53 vanatoare, under the command of Capitan av Emil
ricane was subsequently painted a very pale colour. The Georgescu, operational training was initiated in the spring of
undersurface finishes varied. Some, e.g. No.3, had the entire 1940. It led to the death of Capitan av Draganescu when he
starboard side painted white and the port side black, the two crashed while demonstrating slow rolls at low altitude. A
colours meeting atthefuselage centreline. Others, e.g. No.1, second Hurricane was lost on May 5, 1941. Dmitry Karlenko,
had only the undersurfaces of the wings painted white and who has seen the memoirs of pilots then serving with the
black, the colours meeting at the centreline, while the under- Voyenno-Vozdushniye Shy (V-VS)! says it was shot down by
sides of the nose, fuselage from wing trailing edges to tail, (Polikarpov 1-16?) fighters of 67 lAP (Istribitelny Aviatsionny
and the tailplanes!elevators had been left silver. Denes Ber Polk) when the pilot strayed over the border into Soviet air
nad states the RAF camouflage on British-built aircraft was space.
retained until ARR camouflage was applied during a first Sometime after April 17, 1941 Escadrila 53 took on
general overhaul. (From June 1940, Romanian aircraft had strength three of the five Yugoslav Hurricanes and assorted
been painted olive green over light blue-grey, and from early spares captured by German forces in the course of the April
1941 large patches of earth brown (terra cotta), or occasional War (April 6-17). Alistof Royal Yugoslav aircraft to be repos
ly dark green, were applied over the olive green.) No photo sessed compiled by the fledgling Croat air force in June 1941
showing a Hurricane wearing ARR camouflage appears to seems to indicate that all five Hurricanes were still in Serbia
have surfaced to date. or Croatia at the time. Karlenko says Escadrila 53 only had
Prewar Romanian insignia was initially applied: blue, 10 Hurricanes on June 22, 1941 and the three ex-Yugoslav
yellow and red roundels in four positions on the wings and Hurricanes were sold to Romania in September 1941. Mark
vertical blue, yellow and red stripes covering the entire rudder Axworthy and Hans Werner Neulen also say September
aft of the hinge line. In mid-May 1941, the Mihai Cross was 1941, and, in his list of ARR combat aircraft, Axworthy shows
substituted for the roundels and also applied on the fuselage. nine Hurricanes held on July 8, 1941 versus lOon August 31,
In addiiton, the nose, undersides of the wing tips and fins were 1942. But Bernad says there were 13 Hurricanes, three of
SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) Decemher 2000 121
them unserviceable, on the strength of Escadrila 53 before was transferred, as an independent squadron, from Grupul 5
June 22, 1941. vanatoare to Comandatul Area Dobrogea (Air Command
There are references by various authors, including Ber Dobruja) responsible for the defence of the Black Sea coastal
nad, to a reported, but unconfirmed, sale of a second batch region. Specifically, the Hurricanes were tasked with the
of three captured Hurricanes to the Romanians at a later date. defence of Constanta, Romania’s main naval base and ter
Miroslaw Wawrzynski, who has done considerable research minal for oil shipments to Italy, and the strategic rail bridge
on Hurricanes in foreign service, opines that these last three over the Danube at Cernavoda. (The defence of Bucharest
Hurricanes were unseviceable aircraft purchased for can was assigned to the PZL P.24Es of Escadrile 61 and 62, and
nibalization and therefore never shown on the ARR inventory. that of rear zones to the PZL P.11 Fs of Escadrile 43, 44 and
45, and the PZL P.11 Cs and P.11 Fs of Escadrile 46, 45 and
The three serviceable ex-Yugoslav Hurricanes acquired 50)
are known to have been coded 13, 14 and 15 in Romanian On June 22, 1941, Romania joined Germany in Hitler’s
service, but whether they had all been license-built by Zmaj assault on the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa). The
(Merlin Ill engines, fabric wings, early-type windshields) or objective was to recover Bessarabia and the Northern
purchased from Britain (Merlin II and fabric wings, or Merlin Bukovina, the territories occupied and annexed by the
Ill and metal wings) is not known at present. If they had been Soviets in spring 1940 as a consequence of the German-
overhauled by Zmaj or Rogozarski in Serbia prior to delivery, Soviet NonAggression Pact of 1939. According to a letter
they probably wore either regular Royal Yugoslav from an unnamed (“by request”) reader published in Air
camouflage (dark green/dark brown/ochre over pale grey) or International, Escadrila 53 “moved to Danlic(?) airfield on
had been repainted in the dark green over pale grey scheme June 22, 1941, to provide fighter cover for bombers operating
reportedly applied by Zmaj to the last few license-built aircraft. from the same base. As a result of identification problems
In the former case, Romanian and Axis markings were over the front line the anti-aircraft batteries and the pilots of
-

presuniably painted on the existing scheme, in the latter, the Bf 1 O9Es shooting at any Hurricane the Hurricanes were
-

patches of brown paint were probably applied as well as back at Mamala by October, resuming their earlier coastal
markings. If the three were overhauled in ARR workshops, defence task’. Karlenko states Hurricanes escorted the PZL
they must have been repainted in regular Romanian P.37s of Grupul 4 bombardament (Escadrile 76 and 77)
camouflage colours. In either case, their camouflage which bombed Odessa around midday on June 22, 1941 and
schemes must have differed from those of the British-built continued to provide fighter cover for Romanian bombers
Hurricanes of Escadrila 53. throughout the siege of Odessa (August 10October16. 1941).
According to a French publication, the 12 British-built Bernad says Escadrila 53 operated mainly over
Hurricanes were armed not with eight, but with six guns. This Romania’s Black Sea coast, and he and Axworthy mention
is confirmed by the photo of No.5 which shows the second neither the fighter cover flown at the siege of Odessa nor the
inboard gun port in the starboard wing was closed, and by 69 lAP report referring to a ‘Spitfire or Hurricane” shot down
the well known, but not very clear, photos of No.3 which near Groslenental (?)on September12, 1941. They state only
appear to show only three guns in the port wing. However, that, by the end of 1941, Escadrila 53 had claimed 35 Soviet
Karlenko quotes a September 12, 1941, report by 69 lAP, aircraft shot down for the loss of only two Hurricanes. Bernad
which flew l-16s and defended Odessa, in which there is notes that Adjutant set aviator (First Sergeant) Andrei
reference to an 8-gun Spitfire or Hurricane, which had been Radulescu was credited with seven confirmed and four un
shot down and crashed and burned northeast of Groslenen confirmed victories while flying a Hurricane. Both Bernad and
tal(?). There is also a photo of an 8-gun Hurricane in Denes Axworthy mention Locotenent aviator (Lieutenant) Horia
Bernad’s book, but the markings cannot be discerned. The Agarici’s feat of June 23, 1941. Agarici scrambled alone in a
origin of this apparent contradiction would seem to be that damaged Hurricane undergoing repairs and intercepted nine
the Romanians armed their British-built Hurricanes with six DB-3 bombers attacking the Romanian fleet at Constanta. In
FN Brownings but took the ex-Yugoslav Hurricanes on a series of passes he shot down two DB-3s near Constanta
strength with their original armament of eight FN Brownings. and claimed a third shot down out at sea. (Karlenko says the
(In 1939, the Romanians contracted to install Belgian FN Hurricane was No.1 and Agarici shot down two SB-2s.)
Brownings in their aircraft. The calibre of the FN Browning Axworthy remarks that “Agarici had the misfortune to have a
was 7.92 mm/0.312 inch and the projectile weighed 12.75 name that rhymed with the Romanian for Boihevik and he
g/O.45 oz, as opposed to 7.7 mm/O.303 inch and thus became the subject of a popular ditty commemorating
9.63g/O.344 oz for the British Browning. The rate of fire given his feat, with the belated result that after the war the Com
by the RAF Museum at Hendon for the Browning Mkll is 1100 munists came down more heavily on him than his lowly
rounds/minute; the same figure is given for the FN Browning position in the list of Romanian fighter aces merited”. Neulen
by other air forces. The weight of a one-second burst from six notes that, after Romania switched sides in 1944, Agarici was
7.92 mm FN Brownings was therefore only about 28 grams/i arrested and sent to a prison camp.
oz less than a similar burst from eight 7.7 mm Mk Is, while (The date of Agarici’s feat, June 23, would appear to
eliminating two guns gave a weight saving of at least 20 kg/44 confirm that Escadrila 53 as a whole must have been in action
lbs.) in the Odessa area at the time. Had the squadron still been
at Mamaia on that day, Agarici would not have had to
Combat scramble alone and in a Hurricane just undergoing repairs.
By the spring of 1941, Escadrila 53 vanatoare had moved Relocation to “Danlic” on June22 poses a problem as Axwor
to Mamaia just north of Constanta, and, in mid-June 1941, it thy mentions that Soviet airfields near “Dalnik” were aban

122 SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000

doned only after a Romanian ground assault over September and radiator detail. The exaggerated rear fuselage ribbing,
11-15 brought them within artillery range. There is a Veliki they say, can be reduced to acceptable level by applying two
Dal’nik west of Odessa and a Dalnik east of Dnistrovski coats of primer and sanding gently after each application.
Liman). But whichever kit is used, the modeller who wants cockpit
There was low fighter activity by the ARR following the fall detail will have to resort to scratch building or an update set.
of Odessa on October 16, 1941, until August 1, 1942, with Kendall’s No.72-7010 resin set is reportedly designed for the
Escadrifa 53 continuing to fly Hurricanes throughout the early Hasegawa kit; Airwaves and Eduard both offer brass frets.
months of 1942. One Hurricane was lost and maintenance Construction: The Airfix and Hasegawa kits can both be
problems proliferated owing to the lack of spares. According made up as shown in the instruction sheet, except for the
to Air International’s unnamed reader, some of the Hurricanes following: 1) Fit the propeller and spinner from an Airfix
were cannibalized as sources of spares for others but “So far Spitfire Mk I instead of the kit parts. 2) Make a pole-type radio
as the Hurricane’s Merlin engine was concerned, this created mast as a replacement for the kit part and mount a stub pole
fewer problems as the Romanian Navy had similarly powered on the rudder above the hinge line. (Use of brass and fine
Vosper-type boats. However, Axworthy remarks that the steel wire recommended). 3) Fix a bead sight on the cowling.
Hurricanes engaged in a rivalry with the Romanian Navy over (Steel wire recommended.) 4) According to a reviewer, the
engine spares for three Merlin-powered Vosper MTBs based Lockheed-style tail wheel of the Hasegawa kit should be
at Constanta, and Karlenko says Merlins were taken from replaced with an early Dowty unit.
some of the Hurricanes as replacements for similar engines If the Airfix kit is utilized, it is worth doing the following: a)
that powered six ex-Dutch MTBs. Add two small fairings on each side of the cowling behind the
By mid-i 942, according to Bernad, the Hurricanes had spinner, and drill out the crank hole and small vent holes
been relegated to the operational trainer role and Escadrila below the port exhaust stack. (See plans or photos) b) The
53 had converted to IAR 80A and 80B fighters. Air exhaust stacks are acceptable, but that on the port fuselage
International’s source states that ‘Early in 1943, the few half is not as well moulded as the other. It might be an idea
surviving Hurricanes were withdrawn and flown to the IAR to replace both with the appropriate parts from the Revell Mk
factory at Brasov. By the autumn of 1944, the last of the
...
lb kit or Defiant exhausts from the Aeroclub range. c) Take
Hurricanes had been scrapped. According to Axworthy, the care when attaching the tailplanes to ensure the elevator
ARR’s combat aircraft holdings still included 10 Hurricanes hinge lines are in line with one another and at right angles to
on February 1, 1944. the fuselage centre line. d) Consult photos and bevel the
edges of the wheel covers (Parts 20 and 21) and add the
References missing undercarriage struts. Open up the tail-wheel recess
Axworthy, Mark, Flank Guard Romania’s Aerial Advance
- and lengthen the upper end of the tail wheel (Part 28) with a
on Stalingrad, Parts 1 and 2, Air Enthusiast Nos.64 and 65, piece of tubing to facilitate installation. e) Make a replacement
(July/August and September/October 1996). radiator flap from thin card and fix in the open position. f)
Bernad, Denes, Rumanian Air Force-The Prime Decade, Consult photos/drawings and add detail to the completely
1938-1 947. Squadron/Signal Publications. blank radiator front. g) Drill out all gun ports except the
Karlenko, Dmitry, Romanian Hurricanes, SAFO, October second inboard port on both sides. (Six guns, not eight I) h)
1997, and Romanian Hurricanes No.2, La Lettre du CIM Drill/file cartridge case ejection slots in the wing undersur
Aviations Roumaine et Finlandaise No.2. faces.
Likso, Tihomir & Canak, Danko, The Croatian Air Force Painting: There appear to be no reference materials
in the Second World War. available that show a Romanian Hurricane wearing anything
Name withheld, Those Romanian Hurricanes, Air Interna other than standard British camouflage. Readily available
tional, May 1988. photos and drawings show No.3, so this was the aircraft
Neulen. Hans W., Am Himmel Europas Luftstreitkrafte
-
modelled using the Airfix kit. Humbrol paints were used
an deutscher Seite 1939-1 947. throughout. The cockpit sidewalls, floor, seat/bulkhead and
scratch-built detail were painted H158 Interior Green and dry
Modelling the Rornanian Hurricane in 1/72 Scale brushed with H64 Light Grey, the instrument panel and gun
Either the Airfix or the Hasegawa kit can be utilized to sight were painted H33 Black. H29 Dark Earth and H30 Dark
build a 1/72 scale model of a British-built Romanian Hurricane Green were used for the Scheme B upper surface
Mk I. Ian M. Day and John Riley reviewed both kits in IPMS camouflage, H33 Black and H34 White for the two halves of
(UK) Magazine Issues 6/98 and 1/99. They concluded that the the undersurfaces. H33 was also used for the spinner and
better choice was the Airfix Mk I, boxed as such, with decals prop blades, but H67 Tank Grey for the tires. The nose,
for the codes JX-B of 1 Squadron and DT-A of 257 Squadron. fuselage band, fin, wing tip undersurfaces and propeller blade
Day and Riley’s main objections to the Hasegawa kit are the tips were painted H24 Trainer Yellow. H56 Aluminium was
exaggerated ribbing on the rear fuselage (“more Ju 52 than used for the wheel wells and tail-wheel fork. The exhausts
Hurricane), wings with Mk lIb armament features that need were painted H113 Rust and dry brushed with H33 Black. A
eliminating, and onlyfour parts plus a decal for cockpit detail. coat of gloss varnish was applied prior to decaling
However, the Airfix kit offers only a floor, seat/bulkhead and Decalirig: Hurricane No 3 wore plain Mihai Crosses.
pilot figure as cockpit detail, the wheel wells have to be boxed Judging by photos and pictures (e.g. Scale Aircraft Modelling
in, and the cartridge case ejection slots are not even ghosted. Vol.12, No.11. pp 506 and 507), these should measure about
Moreover, other reviewers and modellers have praised the 15.0 mm in width, including the white outline. The decals
Hasegawa kit’s accuracy, mentioning that there is wheel well supplied with the Matchbox Messerschmitt Bf 109E kit were

4 (96) l)cccnibcr 2000 123

SAFO vol. 24 no.
found to be the nearest match as regards size (14.5 mm) and As the larger “3’s were white, a sharp scalpel was used to
appearance. Those supplied with the Heller Heinkel He 112 separate one from its surrounding film but without cutting
and PZL P.37 Karas are unsuitable as they represent a sten through the paper backing. The “3” and its surround were
cil-style Mihai Cross. The shortened rudder markings were then painted H33 Black. Wetting the decal subsequently
applied using trimmed decals from the Matchbox Bf 109E released the “3”, but it was very fragile, necessitating careful
sheet. The narrow blue stripe was widened with material cut handling and plenty of water on the model to avoid tearing
from a second set. Decals for the code numeral proved while it was being positioned. The model was completed by
difficult to find as regards size and shape. In 1/72 scale, the applying a coat of matt varnish.
black “3” on each side of the fin should measure 5.0 mm by
2.5 mm, the one black and one white on the wings, 10.5 mm Sid Napier (SAFCH #1521), Burgstrasse 2, CH-4107 Ettin
by 6 mm. Close, if not exact, matches were eventually found gen, Switzerland.
with the help of Mike Acteson of the IPMS (UK) Decal Bank.

Hawker Hurricane No.3 of Escadrila 53 as

depicted in Scale Aircraft Modelling, Vol.12,
No.11. British Dark Green/Dark Earth upper

I
surface camouflage, Night (black) and White
undersurfaces; nose, fuselage band, fin, wing
tip undersurfaces painted yellow; black
propeller blades, spinner and 9” on fin; shor
tened tail markings and standard Mihai Cross
on fuselage and wings (arms of cross too narrow
on latter). Note Dc Havilland/Hamilton
propeller assembly, bead sight on cowl, and
pole-type radio mast.

Seldom-used stencil-style Miliai Cross worn by

Hurricane No.1 flown by Capitan av Emil Geor
gescu,commandcrofEscadrila53.(Denes Ber
nad)

124 SAFO vol. 24 no.4 (96) December 2000

 History of the Experimental Attack Plane Su-8
Victor Kulikov
One of the outstanding, but little known, Soviet attack remotely-controlled ShKAS machine guns in the nose and a
aircraft of the WWII period is the twin-engine Sukhoi Su-8. In 12,7 mm machine gun for the gunner for protection from the
the middle of the 1930s, theorists of air war throughout the rear. A bay for the internal storage of nine FAB-1 00 bombs or
world came to a conclusion that a two-engine aircraft would two bombs of larger calibre was located in the central part of
make an ideal combat machine since the highest speed, fuselage.
range, and climb rate could be achieved on such aircraft, and In spite of the high performance predicted for all of these
it could be equipped with the most powerful attack and projects, the works on these aircraft was stopped because of
defensive armament to carry out numerous functions such as the shortage of VK-105, VK-107, AM-37 engines. These en
interceptor, escort, reconnaissance, tank destroyer, and gines were more urgently needed for serial production of the
short-range bomber. In the USSR, the design of such an Jak, LaGG, MiG, and U-2 aircraft.
aircraft was begun in 1937-1938 by N.N. Polikarpov WIT-i, Almost a year passed before the appearance of the
VIT-2, MPI-3), V.K. Tairov (OKO-6), and others. experimental M-71 engine allowed work on two-engine
In 1940, when the 0KB (Opytnoe Konst-Ruktorskoe fighter to be resumed. The designers at the Sukhoi 0KB
Buyro: experimental design bureau) headed by P.O. Sukhoi proceeded to rework the aerodynamic configuration and
was organized, it was assigned the task to design a two-en elaborated a number of modifications in one- and two-seat
gined fighter. On 9 October 1940, Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi variants. Finally a choice was made for a fighter with a cockpit
initiated the preliminary design of a single-seat fighter arrangement not unlike the two-seat attack aeroplane Su-6
powered by two water-cooled AM-37 engines. The cantilever with the crew, pilot and radio-operator, sitting back to back.
mid-wing aircraft was to have a wing loading of 190 kg/sq.m. The pilot could conduct the fire from machine-gun/cannon
The main objective was to achieve maximum speed, range, batterythat was placed in front of the cockpit while the gunner
and ceiling while carrying a powerful armament. could repulse the attacks from the rear hemisphere with the
The cockpit was to have a large bullet-proof windscreen upper UBT machine gun and with a machine gun located in
with several side windows. On each side of the nose two a lower hatch. Total weight of the cockpit armour was 270 kg.
cannons were mounted and six machine guns were mounted Under the cockpit behind the first spar was a bay for 200 kg
under the cockpit. The petrol tank was behind and above the of bombs. This variant, designated the “I” (Istrebitel: fighter),
cockpit and the ammunition storage boxes were below the powered by two air-cooled M-71 F engines with turbo-super-
cockpit. Under the petrol tank, in a special bay between the chargers, was designed for long range missions at high
wing spars, was a bomb bay with room for bombs with a total altitude. The fuselage consisted of three parts: a metal nose
weight of 400 kg. section, a central cockpit constructed from wood and ar
The two-spar wing, without the sweep on the leading mour, and a wooden tail unit. The metal center-section of the
edge, consisted of a center section integral with fuselage and wing with outer wing sections and metal engine nacelles
port and starboard sections with a slight dihedral. The en passed under the cockpit. However, when the raids of Ger
gines nacelles and the auxiliary fuel and oil tanks were man bombers against Russian cities decreased in intensity,
suspended from the center-section torsion box. For greater the necessity for such fighter disappeared.
maneuverability, the wing was equipped with powerful high- In 1941, the single-seat fighter project was used as a
lift devices: slats along almost the whole leading edge of basis for the design of a single-seat armored attack plane.
outboard wings, three-section flaps on the wings from Then, the design became a two-seater when a gunner/radio
ailerons to engine nacelles and under the center-section. operator was introduced to protect the rear hemisphere. He
Wood would have been the main construction material. would operate both the lower and upper machine guns. The
After several design modifications, this aircraft was desig crew was protected by armor. A large petrol tank was fitted
nated “lOP” (Istrebitel Odnomestny Pushechny: one-seat behind the pilot’s armored seat back, while a battery of guns
cannon fighter). Extensive consideration was given to the was fitted behind the center-section wing spar. The rear of
service of the armament. All cannons and machine guns were the fuselage was of wood construction. This aircraft received
mounted on a common carriage behind the cockpit while the the designation DDBSh (Dvukhmotorny Dalnyi Bronirovanny
cartridge boxes were placed between the spars of the center Shturmovik: two-engine long-range armored attack plane) or
wing. The whole carriage could be lowered and quickly B machine. Detailed design started in May of 1942 and the
recharged. Now the ‘lOP carried no bombs, but instead was paper work was completed in four months. The building of
equipped for aerial photography. The wing area was enlarged two experimental aircraft, now designated Su-8, began in
by increasing the wing span and tip chord. The vertical tail August of 1942. They were built in Molotow (now Perm) in the
was of the twin fin configuration. Urals where the Sukhoi 0KB had been evacuated. The factory
An aircraft with a pressurized cabin was proposed with was located on the premises of Aircraft Engine Factory No
the cannon and machine gun armament located in the nose 19 which turned out engines designed by A.Shwetsov. By 1
and with the AM-37 engines replaced by more powerful January 1943, the two prototypes were ready.
AM-38 with turbo-superchargers TK-3. The Su-8 was a mid-wing monoplane with totally armored
At the same time, a project for a SB (Skorostnoi Bombar cockpit, engine, petrol tanks, and oil tanks coolers. The total
dirovshchik: high-speed bomber) variant was considered, weight of the armour was 1680 kg. The aircraft was powered
this was to be a two-seat aircraft with a pressurized cabin for by two M-7i F engines that had maximum take-off power 2200
both crew members. Defensive armament consisted of two hp and 1900 hp at an altitude of 3600 m. The fuselage was of
SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000 125
composite construction: a front section armored with steel have a maximum speed of 484 km/h, a ceiling of 8700 km,
4-15 mm thickness, a middle section of duraluminum with and a flight range of 4180 km. All these projects remained in
armor protection for the radio operator/gunner, and a rear the drawing.
section of wooden monocoque construction. The central In speed, the Su-8 was close to that of the 11-10, but its
section of the wing was of duraluminum with steel spar. The maximum range was two times greater. With its compliment
outboard wings were wood with duraluminum spars. The tail of armament, the Su-8 was the most powerful assault plane
unit was of duraluminum. The undercarriage, with 1200 x 450 of its time. However, it was not built in series since, when flight
tires, retracted backwards into the engine naceHes with the tests of Su-8 finished late in 1944, the defeat of Germany had
help of hydraulic drive; the tail wheel was retractable. From become inevitable and the necessity for a long-range assault
behind, the pilot was protected by armored glass of 64 mm planewas passed. Inaddition, the M-7lFengineswere never
thickness. released for serial production.
The aircraft was designed to support the offensive opera
tions of the land troops, to act far from airfields, and to destroy Su-8 Specifications:
enemies rear communications. The armament of Su-8 was length 13,5 m
extremely powerful: four anti-tank cannons NS-45 of 45 mm wingspan 20,5m
wing area 60,Osq.m
calibre, eight ShKAS machine guns, ten rockets, 600 kg of horizontal tail area 10,2 sq.m
bombs carried internally and 1400 kg of bombs carried exter vertical tail area 6,6 sq.m
nally in overload conditions. The gunner/radio operator empty weight 9180-9218 kg (depending on armament)
operated a UBT machine gun (calibre 12,7 mm) in the upper fuel/oil weight 2370 kg
total load 3528 kg
mounting and a ShKAS machine gun in the lower hatch (lying weight 12425-12736 kg
mount. The ammunition capacitywas 5900 cartridges (weight overload weight 13380 kg
232 kg). wing loading 212 kg/sq.m
When, in 1943, the Sukhoi 0KB returned to Moscow, the power loading 2,9 kg/hp
load ratio 28%
Su-8 prototype was placed on a barge for delivery to Tushino speed at sea level 485 km/h
Airfield in Moscow. It took the long way around via the rivers speed at 4600 m 550 km/h
Kama, Volga, and Moskva, thus delaying the tests. In Moscow landing speed 140 km/h
the aircraft was assembled and test-pilot N.D. Fikson con lime to 3000 m 7,3 mm
to 5000 m 9,0 mm
ducted the factory tests. Then, testing was continued at the operational ceiling 9000 m
LII WS (Letno-Ispytatel’nyi Institut: Flight Test Institute of Air range
Forces). During these tests many faults were revealed in the (with 600 kg
aircraft structure and engines. Soon it became clear that the of bombs
at 600 km/h) 1450 km
M-71 F engines were not suitable for serial production. The
takeoff & landing
designers began work on a variant of Su-8 with AM-42 water- run 350m
cooled engines which were destined for the new assault plane
11-10. Comparative data of two-engine aircraft designed by the Suk
In the autumn of 1942, after the initial design of the Su-8 0KB 1940-1943
lioi
was completed, Pavel Sukhoi proposed an additional variant. Type of the aircraft TOP TOP I with TK-3 SB
This was a SB (Srednyi Bombardirovshchik: medium bomb two-seat
Engine AM-37 AM-38 M-71F AM-38
er) with a 1359 kg bomb load, a 1500 km range, and maximum length in 11,12 11,0 12,7 13,42
speed of 566 km/h at the height 4600 m. Modifications con wing span in 15,2 17,1 17,6 20,4
sisted of a slight alternation to the nose, addition of a third wing area sq.ni 34,0 39,0 48,0 52,0
crew member, replacement of the central gun battery by a empty weight kg 5140 5647 7450 7032
total load kg 1340 1703 2650 3115
bomb bay, and removing the armour from the engines. It was flying weight kg 6480 7350 10100 10147
also proposed to modify the aircraft into a high-altitude recon speed at sea level km/h 540 550 535
naissance machine with a 2000 km range and a 595 km/h speed km/h 670 700 660 630
speed at the height 8300 by equipping it with turbo-super- at the height m 6000 7800 8300 8500
time to climb, min(km) 5,5(6,0) 8(7,8) 10,6(8,3)
chargers, additional petrol tanks, and photo equipment. operational ceiling in 11500 12000 11900 11700
The Sukhoi 0KB also proposed fitting the Su-8 with M-82 range km 1800 1400 2000 2000
engines for a of bomber and reconnaissance version. This
aircraft would have a four-members crew, a take-off weight Photo Captions (all photos via the author)
of 16500 kg, a maximum speed of 496 km/h, a ceiling of 9350 1, 2. First prototype of the Su-8 during factory tests at
m, and a flight range of 4400 km. There also was a project of Tushino Airfield in 1943.
single-engine DB (Dalnyi Bombardirovshchik: long-range 3. The Su-8 while under test at the LII WS in 1944.
bomber) with either a M-82 or AM-37 engine. The four-mem
bers crew would consist of a pilot and front, lower, and rear Victor Kalikov (SAFCH #1573), P0 Box 59, 129515 Moscow,
gunners. With a 9700 kg take off weight, the aircraft would Russia.

126 SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000

 C.,

E
C

c-i
z
©
©

Latin American Air-to-Air Combat (Part 3)

Santiago A. Flores
[Author’s note: Information has come to light about to gain support and a small number of Naval and Air Force
another aerial victory that occurred in a military action in aircraft were flown to Uruguay, including a Naval C-47 and
South America.1 some Gloster Meteors. These aircraft were later returned to
A Failed Revolution/Argentina 1955. On 16 June 1955, Argentina.
elements of the Argentine Navy, Army, and Air Force started On 16 September 1955, another revolution was made
an unsuccessful revolution to remove General Juan Domingo against Peron. This one ended on the 22th with the Dictator
Peron from power. On that day, aircraft of the Argentine naval going into exile (only to return later).
air force carried out strikes against the government house in
Buenos Aires, but with little effect, using a number Of Sources and References
Beechcraft AT-il and North American AT-6 Texan trainers. Aircraft Wars and Aircraft, A Detailed Record of Air Com
During the return from one of these attacks, two AT-6’s were bat, 1945 to the Present. By Victor Flintham. Facts on File
intercepted by a flight of four Gloster Meteor MK.lV of the Air 1990.
Force VII Brigada. The AT-6A (0352/ 3-A-23) flown by Guarda Fuerza Aerea (Spain) Ano III, Vol.2, No.11 and No.12,
Marina Armado Roman was attacked by three Meteors, the July 2000.
first two, fired to scare him off, without hitting him. But the Air Aces Homepage: http://www.cableregina.com/users
third Meteor, 1-063 flown by Tte. Ernesto Adradas, score fatal magnusfamily/airacesl .htm
hits with his 420-mm cannons, forcing Roman to bail out over Air Combat Homepage: http://www.webruler.com/air
the River Plate, at about 500 feet. The pilot was rescued by a combat
boat of the Coast guard service. (This particular Meteor Marios Model Web Site: http://www.modelersite.com.ar
entered service on 11-05-1949, and during its long service life,
it would suffer about five accidents before being retired from Santiago A. Flores (SAFCH #588), 2047-A Cerrissa Ct.,
service in 1966.) By the end of the day, the revolution failed San Diego CA. 921 54-1 275
SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000 127
 Argentine Hawk III
Nils R. Treichel
Ten of these late-generation biplanes gave sterling ser and white with a yellow sun in the center.
vice with the Argentine Air Force (FAA) from 1936 until the In 1943, the surviving Hawks received a camouflage of
late forties! First used by the Grupo de Gaza 1 and stationed dark green upper and light blue lower surfaces. Serials were
at El Palomar, they were later transferred to the 2nd Air now displayed on the cowling in small white numbers with
Regiment’s 3rd Squadron Training Group. the prefix ‘C’.
In the beginning, the Hawks were natural metal overall Two kits of the Hawk III exists: A short-run 1/72-scale one
including the wheel wheels and undercarriage. The propeller by MPM which is already a bit difficult to find, and a quite new
baldes had red (outward), yellow, and blue tips and black 1/48-scale injection-molded one from Classic Airframes. The
back sides. National roundels of light blue and white were in bulge on the starboard side of the FAA Hawks was shorter
the usual six position with black serial numbers on the than the one on the port side. [Ed. The FAA Hawks were
fuselage as well as above and below the wings. Orientation armed with one 12.7 mm (50 Cal) and one 7.65 mm (30 cal)
of the latter is not quite clear: according to the description in Colt machine guns.] Landing lights were installed beneath
“Fuerza Aerea Argentina #5, the number on the starboard both lower wings and bomb racks could also be carried on
wing read in the flight direction and, on the port wing, they the wings.
were the other way around. However, two photos in the same
book show the exact opposite. [Ed. The drawing accompany Sources:
ing this article agrees with the photograph in the Argentine 1. Articles from Aerocalcas, sent by A.O. Serra of Buenos
book. Drawings in Flying Review International, December Aires.
1966, and Air Enthusiast, October 1972, of a/c #5 and #10 2. Fuerza Aerea Argentina #5, “Curtiss Hawk”, Sergio Bel
respectively, show the numbers on the top surfaces of the lomo, et al.
wing with the alignment orientation. Can any of our Argentine
members clear this up with photos showing the top and Nils R. Treichel (SAFCH #), Grosser Platz, 27432 Bremer
bottom surfaces of a Hawk Ill?] Rudders are striped light blue voerde, Germany.

6 1032

128 SAFO vol. 24 no.4 (96) December 2000

 Fine Foxes: The Renard Monoplane Fighters
Christian Hotte
In the second half of the ‘30, with the rearmament of an order from the Belgian Aeronautique Mit/ta/re.
Germany, the Belgian General Staff had legitimate concerns:
The Belgian Air Force consisted of biplane aircraft which were Renard R-37
well on theirwayto becoming obsolete and could not provide To compare the most advanced power units of the time,
any real opposition in the event of major confrontation. Its the Renard firm fitted the second airframe with a Gnome &
fighting component was the biplane Fairey Firefly, an elegant Rhone 4N21 engine of 1050 hp (this engine equipped the
airplane but with its top speed of 350 km/h and its two 7.7-mm French Bloch 150/152 series). Designed for ground attack, its
machine guns would not constitute an obstacle to the rising armament was to be four 7.7-mm machine-guns (or two
generation of Messerschmitt 1 09s and Heinkel 112s. 13.2-mm machine-guns) as well as underwing racks for eight
At that time, however, the Belgian aeronautics manufac 10-kg bombs. The aircraft, carrying registration number 00-
turer, Alfred Renard (1895-1988), who was aware of the future ATJ, was still in a hangar at Evere when the German troops
of the single-seat fighter monoplane with retractable under occupied the airfield. It was, thus, a German pilot who ac
carriage, was developing a whole family of fighter aircraft complished the maiden flight of this airplane on a unknown
whose performances were potentially able to match that of date. This aircraft was to disappear during the war.
the Hurricane, maybe even the Spitfire. This engineer had
already conceived a whole series of robust airplanes in the Renard R-38
‘20 and ‘30. His recce aircraft, the Renard R-31, which was The R-38, the third prototype, was powered by an 1050-
adopted by the Belgian Aeronautique Militaire in 1934, still hp Rolls-Royce ( Merlin II engine (the same engine that
equipped Belgian units at the time with the German invasion powered the Hurricane Mk I) with an Hamilton Standard
(see the article by Walter Verstraeten in SAFO #58). three-blade propeller. Flight tested for the first time on 4
August 1938 by the chief-pilot Burniat, its performance was
Renard R-36 remarkable. The same Burniat, many years later, was to
In 1936, the Renard firm undertook the study of a comment, “Qualities of flight and the
monoplane cantilever fighter aircraft on its own funds. It was performances of this plane placed it between the famous
unfortunate that all aircraft in this series, until 1940, did not Hurricane and the marvellous Spitfire.” The armament was
receive any subsidy from the Belgian government. This the same as that of the R-37.
aircraft, of traditional construction for the time, incorporated During the German invasion, this aircraft was evacuated
innovations such as a retractable landing gear, an enclosed to France where it was to be embarked for North Africa.
cockpit, and a parachute in the cone tail to help it to come However, it was abandoned on the airport at Bordeaux. When
out of a possible flat tail spin (which was abandoned after the WWII ended, it was in Munich! The Belgian authorities did not
aircraft was shown to be particularly stable). The power plant wish to recover the aircraft and it was lost.
was the famous standard 910 hp moteur-canon’ Hispano.
Suiza 12 Ycrs 21 (the same as powered the French Dewoitine Renard R-40
D-520) with a 20-mm cannon firing through the hub of the Work was undertaken on an high altitude interceptor R-40
three-blade Ratier propeller. Four 7.7-mm Browning on behalf of the French Air Ministry. It was an aircraft rather
machine-guns in the wing supplemented this armament. similar to R-38 with the same Rolls-Royce Merlin, but with a
The prototype achieved its maiden flight from the airport pressurized cockpit releasable in flight. This aircraft was in
of Brussels-Evere on November 5, 1937 with Adjudant the course of assembly at the time of the German invasion. It
George Van Damme at the control. The flight was very satis was dismantled to be evacuated. Left at Tournai, Belgium, at
factory. The aircraft reached the speed of 505 km/h, outclass the time of the rout, it was probably destroyed during the
ing the French Morane-Saulnier MS-405 which reached, at bombardment of this city.
the time, only a speed of 443 km/h at 4000 m. The plane
gained an unquestionable success when it was demonstrated Conclusion
to several foreign delegations (including one Chinese!) in The rejection by the Belgian authorities of the Renard
November 1938. But no orders followed. The company an fighter can be regarded as an questionable waste for at least
nounced the initial production of six R-36, but only three two reasons:
airframes were completed. The type of motor fitted gave rise (1) The airframes of these aircraft made use of already-
to the R-36 (Hispano-Suiza), R-37 (Gnome & Rhone) and R-38 existing components and their construction did not require
(Rolls-Royce Merlin). The construction of a fourth airframe any specialized tooling. This would allow a lowering of
was considered for the R-40, but the events of May 1940 were production costs and the possibility of building various com
to prevent any development. ponents of the aircraft by unspecialized subcontractors.
At the end of the first flying tests, several modifications Moreover, this fighter could quickly be put in production.
were made to the prototype R-36. The most important were (2) The urgency to re-equip the Belgian fighting forces
the addition of a radiator under forward fuselage and the led the military authorities to get “modern” aircraft from
enlarging of the tail surfaces. Unfortunately, on 17 January 17 abroad, e.g. 20 Hurricane from Great Britain (with production
1939, this aircraft crashed during a test flight killing its pilot, license granted to the firm SABAC) and 34 biplane Fiat CR 42
Lt Eric de Spoelbergh. This accident, which was not caused Falco from Italy because of the delays in delivery of the
by a failure of the aircraft, did, however, end any possibility of Hurricanes. With a little perspicacity, perhaps it would have
SAFO vol. 24 no.4 (96) December 2000 129
been preferable for the Belgian taxpayers to have financed Sources
their own aeronautical industry. Les Avions RENARD 1922-1970 by Andre Hauet and Guy
Roberty (the definitive book on the prolific career of this great
Colors and Markings aeronautical constructor).
The three aircraft kept their silver liveries and civil registra
tions during the flying tests. The R-38 received Belgian roun Christian HOTTE (SAFCH #902), 6 impasse Santos
dels during its tests for the Belgian military authorities. Dumont, F-44470, Carqefou, France.

THE RENARD MONOPLANE FIGHTERS FAMILY

RENARD R-36 First Type

t -
UJ-A-RW-;
--

RENARD R-36 Second Type

--

RENARD R-37

RENARD R-38 1172° Scale

130 SAFO vol. 24 no.4 (96) December 2000

 A French Pilot in the Ottoman Army
Christian Hotte
[Author’s note: In an old French magazine I recently of the battle of Tchataldja, hearing the shooting, set fire to
found some interesting information about the participation of their planes and ran away.”
a French pilot in the Balkan Wars. The following article is a On returning to Constantinople, Letort bought a uniform
summary of information from the French magazine ‘La Vie au of a Turkish Lieutenant for himself and one of a Second
Grand Air’ from October 1912 to February 1913. I hope it will Lieutenant for his mechanic; they were the only Turkish
be a welcome addenda to the article by Cochrane and mercenaries to ware uniforms. He also learned that he was
Layman that were published in SAFO #62 and 66.] assigned to a Turkish aviation unit based at Keupruluhad. To
The French pilot, Leon Letort, enlisted on the Turkish side reach the front, he had to travel by railway nearly 800 kms
during the Balkan War. Hewas the holder of the Upper Military (500 miles). There he found one Bleriot 70 hp and one REP
License #84, the first sapper aviator to have obtained this of the same power. With regard to personnel, except for a
license, and during his military career he was to fly more than Captain, the leader of the squadron, and a Lieutenant who
15,000 km (9.375 miles). Letort left Paris on 12 October 1912 flew the REP, no other warrant officers ever saw an airplane.
along with his mechanic Jean Lheritier, another aviator, Cail The General in command was “lying down on a couch,
leau, a mechanic Cumont, and a Turkish lieutenant, Mithat, among coffee and tea cups and boxes of cigarettes.”
who has just obtained his military pilot’s license in France. Letort performed several flights under fire from Greek
On 15 October, they arrived in Constantinople and went troops, but, by climbing to 1800 meters (5900 feet), the bullets
to the Ministry of War, which Letort described as “a true palace could not reached him.
of merchants, where Turkish coffee, cakes, and waxed shoes At the beginning of November, the Turkish rout began.
were sold, and everyone ran, bawled, and howled. I was Since Letort and his mechanic did not have any means of
somewhat taken aback by this lack of order. After having evacuating their planes, they dismantled the essential parts
going from office to office from 9:00 AM to 7:00 PM, I finally of the engines and retreated to Salonika. At loose ends, the
ended up by drawing my wages. While returning to the hotel, French pilots walked around the downtown where they were
I came upon a procession of Turkish reservists coming from denounced as spies and led to the Greek authorities. By
Asia in their multicoloured and carnival-like costumes. They chance, they were turned over to Grdek aviators who were
uttered mournful and wild cries.” interested in the spare parts. The Greeks proposed to the
The following day, the Frenchmen received their orders: mercenaries that they either enlist in the Greek aviation or
Letort was sent to the Army of Vardar and Cailleau to they would be treated as prisoners of war. However, escaping
Adrianople. At that time, Turkish aviation was no more ad the vigilance of their guards, Letort and his companions
vanced than that of its adversaries. Like them, it consisted of embark onboard a French ship which took them to Marseilles.
unusable aircraft sold at high prices. Letort continues: “There The French mercenary pilots, returned to France safe
I found sheltered within two wooden hangars, in the middle and sound. Little did they know that they were the founders
of a vast plain, a two-seat Bleriot 70 hp in rather good state of a long line of adventurers of all nationalities who, driven by
and four REP (French planes Robert Esnault-Peltrie) two of the lure of financial gain or by the spirit of adventure, would
which were in fly condition, two Deperdussins both very badly take part in all the major and minor conflicts of the 20th
maintained and good only for scrapping, and two twoseat Century.
Bristol 70 hp which had never been flown. In another camp,
there were two Arlan aircraft (German) under the command Christian Hotte (SAFCH #902), 6 impasse Santos Dumont, F-
of a couple of Germans who never flew and who, at the time 44470 Carquefou, France.

Cast Resin Accessories. Cutting Edge Model- 32-053 MiG-15/MiG-17 Ejection Seat (for Trum 48-253 F-104A Super Detailed Cockpit with Lock
works, P0 Box 3956, Merrifield, VA 22116, USA. peter kit) One scat. $11.99. heed C-I Ejection Seat (for Hascgawa kit)with film
WWW.metcorprod.com. 32-054 Soviet ASP-3N/PIIP-l B Giinsight for early instruments. $15.99.
The following accessories, cast in a dark-grey resin, jet fighters. $4.99. 48-254 Lockheed C-2 Ejection Seat with belts (for
are completely devoid of bubbles or other surface 48-109 F6F Corrected Cowling (for the Hasegawa F-1O4JTF-105) Two seats. $6.99.
imperfections. The surface detail is sharp and in kit) with cooling flaps and deeply inset chin intakes. 48-255 Lockheed C-2 Ejection Seat without seat
tricate. The engineering is well thought Out 50 that, $11.99. belts for F-104/TF-104. $6.99.
with a few unavoidable exceptions. no detail will be 48-184 11-25 Corrected Cowlings (Early) (for Ac 48-256 Martin Baker CQ7 Ejection Seat with belts
lost in removing the parts from their “bench” (or curate Miniatures kit) two cowlings without (for F-1O4iTF-104, F-5, etc.) Two Seats. $6.99.
whatever it is called in resin casting). Review “bumps”. $14.99. 48-257 Martin Baker CQ7 Ejection Seat without
samples provided by David Klaus of Cutting Edge 48-218 F-86 Seamless Exhaust. $8.99. belts for F-104/TF-104, F-5, etc. Two seats. $6.99.
Modelworks. The following items are all of similar 48-250 F-104G/J Super Detailed Cockpit with 72-016 F-86E (Late) & F-86F (Early) Slats for
quality so I will restrict my comments to specifics: Lockheed C-2 Scat (for Hascgawa kit) with film F-86E-10 thru F-86F-20 (fits Hasegawa &
instruments. $15.99. Academy kits). $13.99.
32-036 MiG -15/MiG-l5bis/F-2/J-2 Wheels (for 48-251 F-104G SUper I)etailed Cockpit with Mar Review samples provided by David Klaus of Cut
Trumpeter/Frog). $7.99. tin Baker GQ7 seat (for Hasegawa kit). $15.99. ting Edge Modelworks.
32-049 Israeli F-4E Refueling Probe. $7.99. 48-252 F-104C Super Detailed Cockpit (for
32-052 Mig-iS Intake Splitter (For Trumpeter 1-lasegawa kit) including ejection Seat and film in
kit). S9.99. struments. $15.99.

SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000 131

Sverkhzvukovoy bombardirovshchik Tti-22, by in markings other than Italian. Those that do ap Ilistorias Individuales (3 pages).
Nikolay Yakubovich. Armada #16. pear are: Ca.82 “Polonia” intended fora Ireland to The tractability of the Spanish text can be il
This is the history of the Tupolcv Tu-22 Blinder; US crossing with a Polish crew which never took lustrated by the following individual histoty ‘0660
photos, colourside-viewdrawings including Libyan place; Portuguese Ca.113; Chinese Ca.111 that was A-4Q Skyhawk (msn 12229). Ex USN BuAer
and Iraqi, data, three-view drawings. Summary and not delivered; Austrian Ca.133; 1-lungarian 144983. Recibido en 02.72 como 0660/3-A-207.
captions in English. a.135bis; Yugoslav & Norwegian Ca.310; Swedish Asignado a Ia 3° EscAer de Caza y Ataque como
The main text describes the Libyan dictator Ca.313; French Ca.164; and Swedish & 1-lungarian 0660/A-3-A-307. Aeronave configurada para
Ghaddafi’s raids on Tanzania (one raid in the night RE.2000. Not a bad selection, but it sure makes one operar can missiles AIM-9flygondola fotografica.
2930 March 1978, supporting Idi Amin), Chad wish for more information on Caproni export El 13.11.81 fue transferido al Arsenal Aeronaval no
(several bombings from October 1980 to at least 6 aircraft. [Ed. Anyone in Italy want to do a series of 2 por fisuras en larguero intermedio del ala, dis
September, when one was shot down by a French articles for SAFO on the subject of Italian export piniendoes ci cambio de als. El 07.04.62 se anulan
Hawk missile), Sudan (in 1984 and in 1986 mixing aircraft?) los trbajos mencionados, ordenandose su immedi
into the Arab terror campaign against the south of The weird and wonderful aircraft that appear in ato, Derribado ci 21.05.82 sobre el Estrecho de San
the country). At least five were still in service in this book are too numerous to describe (and you Carlos en proximidades de Port Howard, piloto CC
1995; the first training was done in 1976 in the wouldn’t believe the description unless you saw the A. Philippe eyectado sobre el mar. TF 4678.8
USSR. There is also mention on the Iraqi use of the photo), but I have to mention three of particular Hi’s.”
type against Iran in the 1980 war, Iraqi crews interest: (a) the relatively familiar Ca.60 with three The Argentine Navy Skyhawks carried a variety of
trained on the type from the beginning of the sets of triplane wings arranged in tandem, (b) the colorful scheme that will delight the modeler. Be
1970’s. These export aircraft, provided at a time series-built family of land-plane bombers that look sides the well-known USN-like color scheme of
when the aircraft was Out of production, were taken more like flying boats with their boat-like Gris Claro (F536440) over Blanco (FS37875) with
from Soviet firs-line units with the technically best fuselages, and (c) the totally-unknown Stipa broad blue/white/blue Argentine national flag on
being selected. Caproni with a propeller turning inside a barrel- the rudder and black anchors on the wings, there is
Another interesting note (but with out Small Air like fuselage (the ugly progenitor of thewell-known the green/brown camouflage used after the South
Force interest) concerns Tu-22PD jammer aircraft Campani-Caproni CC.2 jet’. Atlantic conflict, and a very attractive scheme of
in the Soviet war against Afghanistan. The jam There are, of course, many beautiful aircraft, such Gris Oscuro (FS26176) and Gris Claro (FS26307)
tiling (covering Backfires) gave the Afghans ample as the Ca.113 series of acrobatic biplanes, the whose low-visibility quality is seriously com
warning against impending attacks, as even com ‘Moth-like Ca.100, the lovely Ca.309 Ghibli twin- promised by the usual bright blue/white/blue rud
mercial TV programs would be jammed. engine light transport, and the vctyattractive C-22J der stripes. While the first and last color schemes
Kai Willadsen (SAFCH #863), Tunnelvej 24 2.tv, jet-powered light plane. are illustrated with color side-view profiles, details
2600 Glostrup, Denmark. Aeroplani Caproni is a wonderful book of photos of the green/brown scheme have to be determined
that is guaranteed to please all lovers to beautiful from the photos (as must the markings carried on
Acroplani Caproni: Gianni Caproni and his and unusual aircraft. the top and bottom surfaces of all three schemes).
Aircraft, 1910-1983. 245 pages, landscape, A side-view drawing of the green//brown scheme
hardbound. (1992). “The G. Caproni Museum was founded in 1992. It and plan views of all schemes would have greatly
It’s been a long time since I’ve reviewed a bookwith exhibits a collection of historical aeroplanes and increased the value of the book for the modeler.
as many unknown (at least to me) aircraft as are artifacts of world renown, these items were col Also absent from this volume is the usual section
illustrated in this English-language publication by lected by the family ofGianni Caproni (1886-1857) of’Markings and ColorSchemes’ which would have
the Caproni Museum. While primarily a photo who entrusted them into the care of the made up for the absence of the drawings men
book, each chapter begins with a couple of pages of Autonomous Province of Trento. In the spring of tioned above.
text in excellent English and the photos are accom 1999 the museum became a division of the Museo The English-language summary is a little too skim
panied by extensive and informative captions. The Tridentino di Scienze Naturali, and was renamed: py; there is a lot more information in the Spanish
photos are large, usually two to a page, but many Museo G. Caproni Aeronautica, Scienza e In text than shows in this summary. The sale of this
filling a whole page, and their reproduction is ab novazione. series outside of Latin America would be greatly
solutely superb even those nearly a hundred years “The exhibition hall contains 19 historical enhanced if a complete English-language transla
old. aeroplanes, 9 of which arc the last examples exist tion were provided. If this were done on inexpen
The book covers all aircraft designed and built by ing in the world. Amongst the most important of sive paper and provided as an insert, it would have
the Caproni company from pre-WWI to post these one can admire a Caproni CA 6 and a an insignificant affect on the cost.
WWII. There are too many aircraft type illustrated Caproni CA 9 built in 1911, a Caproni CA 100 In spite of the limitation expressed above, this book
to mention them all here; the appendix lists the seaplane from 1928 and an SM 79 built in 1934. As is highly recommended to all lover of the Skyhawk
specifications for the 150 types picturcd in the well as several hundred historical artifacts, the and to all enthusiasts of Latin American aviation
book. museum also exhibits a reconstruction of the in general and Argentine naval aviation in par
The chapters are: (1) “Gianni Caproni’s Pioneering design office of this famous aeronautical pioneer ticular.
Years 1910-1914” 27 pages, 42 photos. (2) “Caproni and part of the propeller workshop from the [Ed. According to Jorge, the next releases in this
Aircraft in World War One” 55 pages, 78 photos Caproni factory of the 1920’s. A Lockheed Fl04 series on Argentine naval aircraft are: #12 Das
(one in color of the USAF Museum’s Ca.36M). (3) Starfighter marks the entrance to the museum.” sault Super Etendard and #13 Convair PBY
“Postwar Prototypes 1918-1924” 17 pages, 26 Address: via Lidorno 3, 38100 Trento. E-mail: Catalina.]
photos. (4) “Seeking the Aerial Battleship” 11 caproni@mtsn.tn.it
pages, 16 photos. (5) “Light Biplanes” 15 pages, 26 Operation ManIa: April 1941, Ilihler ahiaque Ia
photos (one in color of a Ca.100 floatplane still Mcl)onnell Douglas A-4Q Skyhawk, Serie Yougoslavie (lere partie). Batailles Aeriennes
flying today). (6) “Rugged Utility Monoplanes” 21 Aeronaval #11. Jorge F. Nunez Padin. Laspiur #14. Sark Lela Presse, 29 rue Paul Bert, 62230
pages, 38 photos (one in color of a Ca.133 on the 1801, 8000 Bahia Blanca, Argentina. E-mail: Outreau, France. E-mail: lela.presse@wanadoo.fr
Russian front). (7) “Experimental and Medial marauder@satlink.cvorn.ar This latest edition in Michael Ledet’s series on the
Aircraft” 13 pages 19 photos (one in color of The latest in the series of hooks from SAFCI I- air campaigns of WWII follows the proven format
Ca.133S on the African front). (8) “Caproni member Jorge Nunez continues the outstanding of the previous volumes except for one very wel
-

Acronautica Bergamasca” 21 pages 38 photos (one quality of its predecessors. Thirty-two pages come addition. But, more on that later. As with
in color of the Swedish AF Museum’s Ca.313). (9) printed on the highest qualityglossy paperl’ve ever previous volumes, the text in in French but not
“The Caproni Galaxy 1919-1954” 19 pages 32 seen in any book present Spanish-language text, a impenetrable; the maps and tables are informative;
photos. (10) “Propeller to Jel 1945-1983” 9 pages 12 one-page English summary, 29 b&w photos, 16 the photographs are plentiful, unfamiliar, and well
photos (6 in color). (11) “The Caproni Museum color photos, and two color side-view drawings. reproduced; and the color drawings are colorful
1929-1992” 11 pages 16 photos (10 in color). (12) The photos are beautifully reproduced, especially and an excellent incentive to modelers wanting to
“Data and Performance of Pictured Aircraft” a the color photos which are all of half-page size and add something unusual to their collections.
5-page table. are of Kodak quality. The text follows the usual The chapters are: (1) “La Yougoslavie en 1942” 7
If there is anything in this book that will disappoint Serie Aeronaval style. Chapter 1: Ilistoria (3 pages including 13 photos and 2 maps (one showing
SAFO readers it is the relative scarcity of aircraft pages); Chapter 2: Operaciones en Malvinas (3 the subsequent operations in Greece which I sup-
pages); Chapter 3: Tecnica (2 pages); Chapter 4:

132 SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000

pose will be the subject of the second part). (2) The Italian, Ernesto Colombo (ex-colonel in the OFH will someday soon do a ‘Sonderheft’ on the
“L’Armee yougoslave” 6 pages including 10 photos Regia Aeronautica) founded the first Taxi Aereo Hopfner aircraft.)
and table of Arrnyunits on 6 April 1941. (3) “Ordre in 1923 using a Savoia S.S9bis flying boat. (This Sonderheft #24 is an excellent addition to the in
debataille de Ia Luftwaffe” one page. (4) “Ordre de aircraft was a few months later the first aircraft of formation available on Austrian military aviation
balaille de l’aviation yougoslave” 2 pages. (5) Paraguay naval aviation were it was named between the two World Wars and the modeler will
“Ordre de bataille de l’aviation italienne” one page. ‘Chaco’). find a lot of interesting markings and color scheme
(6) “L’industrie aeronautique yougoslave” 3 pages USAairlines are represented by NYRBA (Chapter to apply as an alternative to well-known schemes of
including 7 photos (Polez 25, IK-2, PVT, & Breguet 7), Panagra (Chapter 8), and Pan American Air well-known aircraft. This book can be unreservedly
19). (7) “Combats aeriens” 29 pages including 71 ways (Chapter 9). recommended to anyone, historian or modeler,
photos and 10 color side-view drawings (Luftwaffe The Uruguayan airline PLUNA (Primeras Lineas interested in the time period.
Bf 109E-7 & 11OC-4, Ju 88A-5, and Hs 126A; Uruguayas de Navegacion Aerea) is the subject of
Italian Ju 87B-2 & Fiat G.Sobis; and Yugoslav Chapters 11 to 19 covering the period from 1936 to Feldpilot Rudolf Palm mit Chronik der
Breguet 19-8, SM 79, Bf 19E-3, & Hurricane). (8) 1977. Fliegerkompagnien 37 und 34, by Walter
“Aeronavale yougoslave” 6 pages including order For the second volume, the author is planning to Schroeder. OFH Nachrichten; Sonderheft #25. A-
of battle and 13 photos (Ikarus SM & 10; Dornier continue the history of PLUNA to the present and 4 size, 86 pages. Softbound. OH-I, Pfenninggeldf
D, Wal, & 22Kj; He 8; DI-I-60 Moth; PVT-H; and include the other foreign and national passenger 18/2/14, A-1160 Wein, Austria.
SIM XII-H & XIV-I-1). (9) “Camouflages et mar and cargo airlines. This book, written in German, is divided into five
ques” the 7-page section on camouflage and mark Anyone interested in this book can send an order chapters: (1) Lebenslauf von Rudolf Palm (4
ings is a most welcome addition to this excellent to the address below. The price in Uruguayan pages), (2) Rudolf Palm bei den Kuk LFT (10
series. Beside the 12 photos (Do Y, 17K, & 22K; bookshops is equivalent to US $20 plus $20 for air pages), (3) Fliegerkompagnie 37 (40 pages), (4)
1-lurricane; BF 19E; Ca.310 & 311; Fizir FN; 1-lan- mail. Fliegerkompagnie 34 (26 pages), and (5) Beobach
riot 32; and PVT-I-I) there are line drawings show Eduardo Luzardo (SAFCH #1383), Picardia ter die mit FP Palm flogen (5 pages).
ing the camouflage and markings on the side, top, M.267 S.37, 91001 Barros Blancos, Uruguay. Quite honestly, this reviewer finds the German-
and bottom of two Yugoslav Bf 109E and three Me language text too extensive to allow him to give any
108. (10) “Unifornes et Tenues de vol” 2 pages with Oslerreichische Luf(streitkrafle 1928-1938, by reasonable critique of the text. Therefore, I will
8 color drawings of uniforms worn by Yugoslav Walter Schroeder. OFI-I Nachrichten; Sonderheft restrict my comments to the illustrative content of
airmen. (11) “Maquette: L’IK-3 au 1/48” 3 pages #24. A-4 size, 86 pages. Landscape. Softbound. this book. The 9 photos are of mild interest and do
including 5 photos of the model. 09-1, Pfenninggeldf 18/2/14, A-1160 Wein, not add much for this reviewer. The map of the
The “Fiches monographiques” are each one page Austria. ‘Ostfront’ did intrigue me; if I wasn’t so lazy, with
with a color side-view drawing and a small 3-view This latest ‘Special’ from the Austrian Aviation a little of research I should be able to find the
drawing: Ikarus IK-2; Bristol Blenheim Mk.I; Dor 1-listorians provides tables on four aspects of modern names of such familiar cities as Przemysl,
flier Do-li; Ikarus IK-3 (2 pages with a 1/72-scale Austrian military aviation between the two World Lemberg, Tarnopol, Sambor, Stryj, Stanislau,
5-view drawing); and SIM XIV. Wars: Personal, Flugzeuge, Flugunfalle, and Kolomea, and Czernowitz. The excellent side- and
‘Operation Marita” is anotherexcellent book in the Todesopfer. 3-view drawings transcend all difficulties with the
Batailles Aeriennes series and one that is a must (1) The first table (16 pages) lists the aviation language. Present are side-view drawings of a Fok
for everyone interested in the Royal Yugoslav Air personal commissioned between 1934-1938. Given ker BIll & D.II; Phoenix C.I & Di; and Branden
Force and any modeler thinking about addingsome are the date, rank, name, and subspeciality for 267 burg C.I (7) and a 3-view drawingof a Brandenburg
aircraft from this campaign to their collection of (with a few blanks) aviators. (2) A one-page table CI.
\VWII aircraft. lists all military aircraft types used between 1928 Sonderheft #25 is recommended only for the en
and 1938 along with the country of origin and the thusiast with a command of the German language
Ilistoria de Ia Aviacion Cornercial en ci Uruguay number obtained by Austria. (3) The longest table or with patience and a good German-English dic
(Tomo Uno) by Juan Maruri. 415 pages (2000). in the book (52 pages) lists all the accidents, minor tionary.
This is the first of two volumes which will cover the to fatal, by aircraft type alphabetically, beginning
history of commercial aviation in Uruguay and the with the Avro 626 and ending with the Udet U 12S. “Several months have passed since my last review
River Plate. Both passenger airlines and cargo The table gives the Dienstnumer, date, crew of Uruguayan publications. The bad news is that
companies are covered. Readers of this first names, injury to crew, damage to aircraft, and a the last issue of ‘Aeronoticias’ magazine was pub
volume will find complete and accurate informa brief description of the accident. (4) The final table lished in 1998. The good news is the promise of a
tion plus photo coverage of the the pioneering (one page) lists the 26 Austrian aviators who died book on Uruguayan naval aviation. The Uruguayan
efforts of Europeans and Americans to reach Mon in crashes giving their name, location and date of Navy has recently published a book about the ships
tevideo and Buenos Aires and to make an air the crash, and the identity of the aircraft. The most of the Armada Nacional. This is to be followed by
bridge between the River Plate capitals. They will tragic accident was that of Messerschmitt Me 108 a book on uniforms, and then a third volume on the
also learn aboul the early history of one of the most #65, OE-TKA, on 5 October l937which killed four Aviacion Naval. This latter book, authored by
long-lived airlines which survives to our day, the airmen. respected historians, Alberto del Pino and Nelson
Uruguayan flag airline PLUNA. These table are accompanied by 13 photos of Acosta, will be the first complete history of this
The stoiy begins in 1919 when the first airline to fly aircraft; about half of which are of aircraft in service. Promised is a complete photo coverage
in Uruguayan skies was the ‘The River Plate Avia crashed condition (Austrian Bent Wings?). The from the first Cant 18 and 21 to the latest Jetstream
tion Co.’ established in Argentina by Major (RAF) back cover has side-view drawings of 5 aircraft: Mk.2. As a special bonus to modelers, Pedro Otto
Shirley George Kingsley. I-Ic began service between Junkers A 35 & A 20; Fiat CR32; Dc Havilland DH Cerovaz (helped by his sons) is doing color profiles
Buenos Aires and Montevideo in an Airco D1-1.4A 84; and Breda 28. An extremely attractive aspect of (and ten 3-view drawings) of all the aircraft used
in full RAF markings (serial F.2663) which was the book is that each aircraft type in the chapter on during the 75-year history of the naval service.
fitted with a 2-place passenger cabin. crashed aircraft is illustrated bya side-vicwdrawing “1-listoriari, 1st LT(R) Juan Maruri, is working on
The French appear in Chapter 2 (Compania Fran- (Avro 262 & 671; Brandenburg B I & C I; Breda the third volume of his ‘1-listoria de Ia Fuerza Aerea
co-Argentina de Aviacion ), Chapter 3 (Compania Ba 28; Caproni Ca 100 & Ca 133; Dc Havilland Di-i Uruguaya’. This is the last volume in the series and
Rio Plale de Aviacion), Chapter 5 (Compania 60M, DI-I 60G. DR 80A, & DI-I 82A; Falke RVa; will cover the years from 1967 to the present. He
Generale d’Entreprises Aeronautiques, Lignes Fiat A 120, A 120R, CR 20bis, CR 2obip, & CR currently working on the year 1987, but progress is
Aeriennes Latecoere, and Campagne Generale 32bis; Focke WuIf 44, 56, & 58; Gotha 145B; slow since he has many other parallel projects. For
Aeropostale), and Chapter 6 (Air France). The I-lopfner I-IS 8, 1-15 9, I-IS 9, I-IS 10, & HM 13; example, on 22 June, he published the first of two
Compania Rio Platense de Aviation was formed by Junkers F 13; Mcsserschmitt 108; Phoenix L-2/c; volumes on the history of commercial aviation in
Major (RAF) Kingsley by the union of his first Romeo Ro 37; Udet U 12a & U 12S). Each of these Uruguay. [Ed. Since some SAFO readers are un
company with Franco-Argentina. drawings shows the aircraft in Austrian markings doubtedly interested in civil aviation, Eduardo’s
The Germans are represented first by the Junkers with national insignia, codes, and Dienstnumer. Of review of this book appears elsewhere in this
F-13 of Mission Junkers (Chapter 4) and later by particular interest are the drawings of the relatively department.]
the ‘Brazilian’ airline Syndicato Condor (Chapter unknown I Iopfner aircraft; the JIM 13 beinga very Eduardo M. Luzardo (SAFCH #1383), Picardia
10). attractive 2-scat biplane. (Ed. Let’s hope that the M.267 S.37, 91001 Barros Blancos, Uruguay.

SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000 133

South African Colours and Markings (Vol.1, Letiti (The Finnish Aviation I listorical Magazine) searched account of the seldom-reported war be
No.1) by Piet Van Schalk-wyk and William Mar issue 3/2000. 1 must remind you that 1 do not read tween Thailand’s air force and the Indochina-based
shall. This veiywell-done magazine-format volume Finnish. but the magazine comes with a condensed squadrons of France’s Armee de l’Air. The story is
is the first of a new series. The thirty-seven pages English summary which I found very helpful. Of more extensive than the title indicates since the
Contain articles on the Hawker 1-lurricane, Mirage course, the photographs and drawings need no author gives a short history of the Thai air force up
FIAZ, and (for the trackheads) the Ratel Infantiy translation. Their editorial office is: InScale 72 to the time of the conflict. (In addition a one-page
Combat Vehicje. The articles are informative, and Production, Makelankatu 5 B 10, 00550 Helsinki, ‘side-bar’ summarizes the role of Thai air force in
the color artwork is great. Finland. WWII including their brief conflict with Japan on
I bought this for the Hurricane article, and was not “This issue describes the changes made to the Fok 8 December 1940, and its subsequent cooperation
disappointed. In a dozen pages, there are twenty ker XXI, in the Spring of 1940, to modify this with the Japanese.) The author sets the airwar into
profiles and many photos. The profiles range from airplane with a Finnish designed retract system. In perspective by describing the action on the ground
pre-war to post-war. The Second World War essence, the aim was to increase the XXI’s perfor and on the sea. The war in the air is described in
aircraft cover the East African, Western Desert. mance by reducing the drag of its fixed gear. But much greater detail than the here-to-fore best ac
and Italian campaigns, as well as OTU aircraft. flight testing showed that the performance im count know to this review (Chris Shores’ ‘Bloody
There is a five-view drawing of a colorfully-marked provement was minimal at best, and the program Shambles’ Volume One, page 30). Of particular
aircraft from an Operational Training Unit, and was dropped. Two airplanes were taken from the interest to this reviewer is the description of the
several top and bottom views illustrating various fighter inventory, and an engineering team was activities of theThai Mitsubishi Ki-30. “OnJanuary
schemes. formed to design all of the changes necessary. For 7(1941), 23 of the Thai’s new Mitsubishi Ki.30 dive
The Mirage FIAZ receives similar treatment, with example the retraction machinery was designed, bombers struck at French targets in Cambodia. On
early- and late-camouflage markings, an air-supe and the wing’s structure was revised to fit the another mission nine Ki.30s, escorted bya flight of
riority scheme, and a colorful demonstrator retracted gear assembly. The article goes into a very three Hawk 75N fighters, were intercepted by a
depicted. Again, top and underside views are in detailed report of all of the revisions required. In flight of M.S.406s.” And, “The day (January 24)
cluded. South African armor designs are interest addition the flight tests are described, along with a began with Martin 139 and Mitsubishi Ki.30 bom
ing, and the Ratel ICV is given the same thorough summary of the results. The article covers seven bers, escorted by three Hawk 75Ns, raiding targets
treatment. The second issue will cover the P-40, pages, plus the cover. One page has an excellent in Cambodia. Four M.S.406 fighters pounced io the
Vampire, and Reconnaissance Cars. four-view of the camouflage pattern and markings leader of the Ki.30s, Wing Commander Khun Ron
To add to its appeal, the book is readily obtained for this specific airplane and a superb five view naphakat, who had left the formation to take aerial
in North America from Michigan Discount drawing, complete with crosssections, shows the photographs. Heading for home, Khun repeatedly
Models, 36623 Seven Mile Road, Livonia. Ml 48152 configuration in great detail. The article is il skidded and turned his machine to avoid being hit
(1 800 728-5054 or http://www.discountmodels.com lustrated with seven detailed photographs, includ during a succession of beam and head-on attacks.
). The cost is US $20.00. To find Out how to order ing the cover. lie later reported how the French pilots, out of
from other areas, contact one of the authors: W.S. “Next is the wartime history of another of the Fin ammunition, had finally pulled alongside his Ki,30,
Marshall, P0 Box 61564, Pierre van Ryneveld, 0045 nish Aces, W/o Oiva Tuoainen. I-Ic started as a saluted and then peeled away and returned to
South Africa. mechinf@netactive.co.za. P.J. van ground crew mechanic and worked his way into base.” (1-lere’s a great idea for the modeler’s ‘Dog
Schalkyk, P0 Box 14482, Lyttelton, 0140 South pilot training. 1-lis first combat was in the Gloster fight Double’ collection, and throw in a Thai Mar
Africa. pietvs@netactive.co.za. Gladiator, and he is credited with 4-1/2 victories in tin bomber and Hawk 75N for good measure. Note
Walt Noiseux (SAFCH #1574), P0 Box 181, one day while flying the Gladiator! By the end of that this action took place before the adoption of
Syracuse, NY 13201, USA. the war, his total score was 43 Soviet aircraft shot the Thais adopted the “elephant” national insignia,
down, and by this time he was flying the Mes so your Ann can be finished in Thai roundels.)
“I found The Journal of Military Ordinance in a serschmitt Bf-109G. This article covers three The article is illustrated by five photos, three of
hobby shop and was surprised by the excellent pages, which includes five photos. pre-war vintage (the Henri Farman that made the
depth and range of coverage. Included in the two “Then there is a two-page article on the 65 years of first airplane flight in Thailand on 31 January 1911,
issues I now have, there are several articles that I the Janu Soaring Center, which was the premier Air Marshal Phraya Chalerm Akas, and a Breguet
think SAFO readers would find of interest. The soaring area in Finland. It is illustrated with eight 14 in 1922) and two of aircraft in the Royal Thai Air
July 2000 issue included a feature length article photos of which four are of gliders which were at Force Museum (Corsair biplane mistakenly cap
(and a number of photos) about the Rooivalk, the the site. Then there is a one-page article with a tioned as a I lawk 75N and a Curtiss I-Iawk III). Two
South African attack helicopter and scveral news photo of the French Caudron C60 trainer in Fin very amateurish drawings showing the Thai Cor
column items about developments regarding air nish service. The final article is a condensed list of sairs and Hawk Ills mixing it up with French
forces in Nigeria, Australia, the United Arab operations in which Finnisti lIe-uS float planes MS.406s on 28 November 1939 and Thai I-Iawk Ills
Emirates and in several former Soviet republics. were used in commando operations. The article attacking Japanese Ki.30 Anns and Ki.27 Nates on
Another article lists a number of non-US hobby includes a photo of the I Ic-I 15 in Finnish colors. 8 December 1941. (1 sincerely hope these drawings
and defense related magazines in the UK, France. Gus Morfis (SAFCI-I #3), 4709 Green Meadows were in color since they don’t look very good on the
Russia, Spain, Ireland, Pakistan and Israel. There Ave.. Torrance, CA 9050505507. USA. b&w photocopies.)
are also several book reviews of interest, including Obviously, ‘Aviation 1-listory’ is a magazine that
a short review of Chris Dunning’s Courage Alone: Tom McGarry has sent along photocopies of two should be closely watched by SAFO readers. How
The Italian Air Force 19401943’ (1-likoki, $50.00). articles from the September 2000 issue of AiaIion ever, their articles can be considerably improved by
“The May 2000 issue covers the Mid-Life Update Ilistory to illustrate the potential usefulness of this a better choice of photos, a some discussion of
of the Dutch F-16 fleet and includes a full page ad magazine to SAFO readers. markings and camouflage, and more attention to
from Darlington Productions for books on the The first article. “The Deadliest Puma”, by .Ion their art work. Until then, it can’t pretend to com
South African military, including ‘Vlamgat’, a his Guttman, describes “Battling Russian and pete with such magazines as Insignia from England
tory of the Mirage Fl in South African service. American adversaries in a Messerschmitt Me-109, and Avions and Acro Journal from France. (Notice
Single copies of the magazine are $4.95 US and Dezso Szcntgyorgyi became the Hungarian ace of the lack of any mention of comparable magazines
$6.50 Canadian. Annual subscriptions, six issues, aces.” This seven-page article tells the story of this from the USA?)
start at $24.00 for US readers and there are various aces WWII carecrand hissubsequent trials in post
other rates for international subscribers. The war Communist 1-lungary until his death when his “The following is a review of the Uruguayan
magazine is published by Darlington Productions, Malev 11-18 crashed near Copenhagen. Denmark, magazine Gaceta de Ia Aviacion (the official pub
Inc., P0 Box 5884, Darlington, MD 21034, USA. in 1971. While the storyof the Hungarian Air Force lication of the Academia de Historia Aeronaulica
Tel: (410)457-5400. Fax: (410) 457-5480. in WWII is relatively well-known, the tellingof one del Uruguay) #26, September 2000: A a 5-page
Thomas Wm. McGarry (SAFCI-I #950), 21 Davinci man’s experiences makes for interesting reading. article on the Uruguayan Aviaeion Naval’s 75th
St.. Lake Oswego. OR 97035-1309. USA. Teic/Fax: The article is illustrated with 7 photos and a draw anniversary Consists of a condensed history includ
(503) 534-0899. Email: twmflak@teleport.com ing of a [If 109 in combat with a bunch of Soviet ing equipment, organization, plans for the future,
Il-2s. an inventory of aircraft in service [S-26Tracker (1),
“1 have recently received the latest issue of the The second article, “Forgotten Air War over In Jeist ream Mk.2 (2), Beechcraft B-200T (1), Wessex
Finnish magazi lie, Suornen I Iniail ub isloriit linen dochina”. by Terry Gwynn-Jones, is a well-re- 60(1), Wcssex 1-IC Mk.2 (5), Bell 47G (1), & T-34C

134 SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000

Turbo Meteor (2)], and a description of the nine fighter and the 0-1 observation aircraft (the latter key article for understanding why a particular
fatal accidents involving Navyaircraft [CANT 18 ‘2’ only in 1928) including 6 photos (one of the Curtiss aircraft used a particular number (the current sys
1935, OS2U-3 1942, OS2U-3 ‘OP-2’ and ‘OP-3’ Hawk in Montevideo, 1926). tem dates from 1941) including equivalents of old
1945, SNJ ‘A-253’ 1957, PT-26 A-753’ 1957, SNJ “There’s a story of the long-range flights of our numbers and new numbers for the Ro-37, Waco
‘A-254’ 1963, T-34C1 ‘270’ 1982, T-28F ‘407’ 1987, pioneer General Cesareo L. Berisso (friend of JHD, Potez 24, Stinson SR-7, Tiger Moth, and
and Bell 47G ‘056’ 1998. Gen. Doolittle) that includes a discussion ofa flight Hanriot 451.
“There is an article on the 100th anniversary of the from Montevideo to New York in an indigenous “Another article includes data on the new
famous French aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupery Uruguayan aircraft (ARME.2) which ended Aeromacchi SF.260EU (T-260 in the FAU) for the
with details of the celebration in Uruguay. Ahso,an abruptly at the Ecuador-Colombia border after Escuela Mihitar de Aeronautica including c/n, date
article on the historian Juan Maruri with an ac failure of the engine. A 3-page article by 1st LT A. of manufacture, date of arrival at the EMA.
counting of his numerous visits to our country Sosa Farias brings interesting information on the “Last is a note on the acquisition of an Embraer
(includes a photo of Late 28 ‘F-HJIO’ and Late 26 transfer of the last FAU AF T-34 Meteors (10 Brasilia for the FAU (date of arrival 15July99, c/n
‘F-AILZ’ at Pando airdrome, both machines of the aircraft) to the FAB including 4 photos [FAB 9(14 120089, FAU 550). This is the only Brasilia in ser
Aeroposta Argentina, a dependency of the French nec FAU 678 (ex-USN 140694) and FAB 901 (cx- vice in our countly.
Comagnie Generale Aeropostahe). A 7-page ar Spanish Ejercito del Aire 52-7671A)] and a table Eduardo M. Luzardo (SAFCH #1383), Pieardia
ticle on the famous American aviator James 1-1. linking FAU-FAB serial numbers. M.267 S.37, 91001 Barros Blancos, Uruguay.
Doolittle in the South America. He visited “An electrifying article explains the registration
Uruguay in 1926 and 1928 for the Curtiss Wright system of the Fuerza Aerea Uruguay (and its
Export Division demonstrating the P-i Hawk predecessors) from 1913 to the present. This is the

Aero L-39 ZO. 1/48-scale injection-molded kit. (FS23578, and sand (FS23717), and lower surfaces the partial bottom surface and the main wing isvery
MPM #48042. MPM Ltd., V 1-Iodkovickach 2, in grey (FS26496). (4) East Germany ‘151’ in difficult to clean up. (Perhaps a single-piece wing
Prague 4, Czech Republic. camouflaged upper surfaces of khaki (FS34088) would suffer too much shrinkage in the ‘short-run’
1-laying become accustomed to the quality of and green (FS24552) and lower surfaces in grey process and the two-piece wing would have to have
MPM’s short-run injection-molded 1/72-scale kits, (F526496). The tips of the flyingsurfaces are yellow too thick trailing edges, but the latter would be
their 1/48-scale L-39 came as somewhat of a (FS23538). easier to correct that what is required with the
pleasant surprise. Molded in dark grey plastic are The 10-page instruction booklet provides a draw partial insert.) Small tabs on at the wing root will
three sprues of absolutely flash-free parts with ex ing of the parts layout on the sprues, 7 exploded help in obtaining the proper 0° dihedral. Fairing
quisitely-engraved panel lines and a multitude of drawings showing the construction steps, a 4-view the nacelles into the wing may require a little fi
sharply-delineated small parts. The molding of this drawings showing the placement of the stencilling, nesse and care will be needed in aligning the twin
kit is on a par with the best in the world. and multi-view drawings for the color schemes for tail empennage. The vaeuform canopy is well
The interior is very detailed with 7-part ejection all four aircraft. molded but not as clear as one would hope for this
seats (including resin-cast head rests), floor board, MPM should be congratulated on producing a prominent feature. Left as a challenge for the
side-wall consoles, 2-part control columns, detailed world-class 1/48-scale kit that is a must for any modelers is the externally-mounted ring sight.
bulk heads, instrument panels with raised instru modeler specializing in 1/48-scale aircraft and in Only two prototypes of the Wyzel were built, so
ments, and (something I’ve never seen before) a terested in adding a unique small-air-force aircraft selection of the color scheme is limited: The first
cockpit ‘ledge’. I suspect that the cockpit interior to his/her collection. prototype had the usual Polish air force color
can be fitted into the fuselage after the latter has MPM promises that a C version trainer and a scheme of khaki (FS30118) upper surfaces and
been assembled, although the instructions advise gun-equipped ZA will soon follow. light blue (FS36329) under surfaces, but earned no
otherwise. A busy-looking cockpit should result national insignia. The second prototype carried the
needing only seat belts and a careful application of PWS 33 Wyzel. 1/72-scale limited-run injection- same colors, but with white rudders and Polish
a wash and dry brushing. molded kit. Broplan #MS-75. Janusz Brozek, ul. chessboard insignia in six positions. The decals
Construction of the major components is conven Pilotow 1OG/33, 80-460 Gdansk, Poland. sheets is, therefore, small consisting of only 6 tiny
tional with a one-piece lower surface of the wing to The saying, “Good things come in small packages,” chessboards.
insure proper dihedral, and separate air intakes is proven by this gem of a kit that is contained in a The instruction sheet is up to Broplan’s usual high
(difficult to clean up on the 1/72-scale KP kit, but box (16 cm by 10cm by 2 cm) little bigger than a standard. Drawings of the sprues identifying all
probably easier to do in this scale). The horizontal pocket calculator. The PWS-33 Wyzel (Pointer) parts and exploded construction diagrams with
tail is attached to the fuselage with a butt joint. so was a twin-engine trainer designed in 1936 in special attentions given to the layout of the cockpit.
care will be needed here to get every thingcorrectly tended to prepare student pilots to fly the sophis Finally, an excellent 4-view drawingshows the color
aligned. The landing gear doors are closed when ticated PZL P.38 Wilk, a twin-engine fighter of the scheme, the placement of the markings, and the
the gearare down so there is no need forwheel-wcll type popular with air forces world-wide in the late FS595 equivalents of the colors.
detail.The landing gear iswell detailedwith 6 parts 1930s. With a wing span of 9.26 m, a 1/72-scale kit In spite of the limitations of short-run injection
for each main gear and 5 parts for the nose wheel. of the Wyzel results in a model with a wing span of molded kits, Broplan has produced a satisfying kit
The vacuform canopy is well molded and clear; two just under 13cm (5 inch). of this beautiful twin-engine trainer. Straight from
are provided in case you mess up one. Underwing The Broplan kit consists of 33 parts well molded in the box, it should make up into a model that will
fitting consist of two fuel tanks. light grey plastic with finely engraved panel lines enhance any collection of WWII aircraft. With a
A large (16 cot by 17 cm) decal sheet, along with and just a hint of flash. Some of the smaller parts little extra work, and placed next to a model of the
two smaller auxiliary sheets, are well printed and are rather “chunky”; the landing-gear doors are P.38 Wilk (a Broplan vacuform kit), itwill be a little
provides a multitude of readable stencilling and best replaced with sheet plastic and the propellers gem that will attract attention on any competition
markings for four aircraft: (1) Libyan Air Force are best replaced by something either from Aero table.
‘2243’ with green roundets, Arabic serials, and a Club or from the spares box, but the other small References: Jerzy Cynk’s Polish Aircraft 1893-
camouflage scheme of khaki (FS34088), Sand parts should shape up after a little careful filing. 1939, has 4 excellent photos, but the best reference
(FS23578), and sand (FS27769) upper surface and The construction is conventional, starting with the is #6 in the Polish Wydawnictwo Mihitaria series.]
grey (FS26496) under surfaces and yellow 11-part cockpit interior with floor board, seats, [Ed: The next kit from Broplan will be a 1/72-scale
(FS23538) tips on all flying surfaces. (2) Libyan instrument panels, and head rest. The wings are Caproni Ca 111 (on floats?). Look that one up in
‘8226’ in deliveiy scheme with colors as above but molded port and starboard, with a partial insert your library.]
with Czech flag on tail. (3) Syrian Air Force in inboard on the bottom to preserve scale thickness
delivery schemes with registration ‘OK-XXC and at the tips. I would have preferred the wings to have Mu Nil-IM 1/72-scale injection-molded kit (A-
Czech flag on tail. The camouflage scheme consists been molded either as one piece or with full-span Model Kit #7233). This is a short run moulding,
of the uppersurfaces in dark green (FS24097). sand top and bottom surfaces because the joint between

SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000 135

but with generally quite fine surface detail. The As to the Polish version, 1 have certain reservations or a US (N7696J) civilian version from the kit (but
clear parts show that the moulds were polished with concerning tIle tail rotor warning UWAGA why should one?) these versions were included in
-

vety coarse material before being put in produc SMIGLO; this already has two diacritical signs the original 1974 issue of the kit. The same too-pale
tion. Thus it is only fair that the instruction sheet missing on the letters, indicating that photos were blue from the Finnish roundels is used for stripes
warns that this limited edition kit is meant for probably not vely closely studied during prepara and letters (and the Union Jack of the British
experienced modelers only. And well, these tion of this sheet. version). This is sloppiness and over-economizing
modelers should be experienced in more than one Kai Willadsen (SAFCI-l #863), Sankt Jorgens by the manufacturer. Similarly the US registration
way All text in the instructions is in Russian ]Ed. Gade 16,4200 Slagelse, Denmark. is blue on the decal sheet and red in the painting
Ukrainian?] only. instructions. What should one believe?
The decal sheet is most impressive with no less than Piper Cherokee Arrow 2 1/72-scale injection- The kit includes a pilot figure, a nice man in jacket,
eight variants. The register is good, although not molded kit (Airfix Series 0, #00060). This is a tie, and cap; certainly commendable. Regrettably,
perfect. Color demarcations in some cases reveal reissued kit with improved decal sheet. The new he has suffered from malnutrition; as an example
the mesh size of the printing screen. Small Air sheet adds an extremely interestingversion, namely the shoes are only about three quarters of what
Force versions include a Czech machine titles the Finnish Air Force’s PA-2 (which seems at the should be expected for Ca. size 43-44 (size 9). Thus
FILM and serialled 2008, a Polish AF machine period depicted to have belonged to Satakunnan we still miss a proper impression of how small such
serialled 1602, an Egyptian AF machine, and Fin Lennosto in Tampere). The decal sheet printing is light aircraft really are.
nish Air Force’s 1-IK-3 (which actually is a Polish- sharp. Regrettably the roundels’ centering is a little The surface detailing is nice with lightly raised
built SM-lw). Except for the Egyptian machine in off in my copy; this, however, does little damage, as panel lines. The wing trailing edges are nice without
an overall sand color, all three have dark green the blue color used is a little too pale requiring being razor sharp. Ailerons, tailpiane and rudder
upper surfaces (for the Polish one, Marine Green decals to be searched out anyway to get the model are equipped with strengthening ribs. They seem to
1-Tumbrol 105 is suggested) and light blue undersur correct. Worse still is that the bad register also be present in the correct number and shape, but
faces. applies to the first aid markings (red cross on white done a little coarsely. There is vety little flash and
A-Model have found a novel way of ensuring that circle) and the white stripe up the tail fin, which mould marks. The placement of the moulding-tool
the Finnish roundel’s blue ring and the outer edge makes it quite difficult to get a good result. ejection marks are well thought Out.
ring are centered: Both are in blue! Given the fact The accuracy of the markings is regrettably quite In Mallari Special #1, Kyösti Partonen, on page 20,
that the an outer edge is actually black, this is not varied, although the size of roundels, serials etc. concludes that the (original issue) kit is basically
the way to solve this problem. Anyway, as the Mi-i’s seems correct. The symbol marking the location of correct in size and shape. One should, however, be
roundels were applied on a fairly dark surface, the first aid pack should, in fact, be a green cross on aware that PA-i to PA-4 had rounded corners on
there should be no Outer edge at all. white background. The black eagle marking should the side windows, where the kit represents a ver
The HK of the serial seems correct in style; how have a white head. The aircraft type name sion with sharp corners. Also check the wing tips
ever, the 3 is not, as the upper part of the digit Cherokee ARROW is missing. The lines on the and revise the profile, see photos.
should be square-edged, not round as the lower serial PA-2 are too thick, spoiling the otherwise All in all a nice kit which Airfix does not have to be
part. The tail rotorwarning VARO POTKURIA!, quite correct style of the letters. The black roundel ashamed of reissuing, particularly in an improved
which is to be applied on an orange background, is edging isalso on the thick side. Please also note that version such as here.
vety nicely printed in white; however, the only the windshield framing is white the box art could
-
Kai Willadsen (SAFCI-I #863), Sankt Jørgens
photos I have seen so far of the Finnish Mi-1M mislead one to believe that it is black. See the Gadc 16,4200 Slagelse, Denmark.
show dark (black?) text VARO MOOTI’ORIA. excellent color photo of PA-2 in Jan Jørgensen:
There is obviously some research to be done next Vingar for Norden page 53.
time I get close to the Finnish Aviation Museum. Alternatively one may build a British (G-BAAP)

Drugi prototyp PWS-33/ll Wyzel wrzesieñ 1939

-

The PWS-33/Il Wyzel second prototype September 1939

-

136 SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000

Cutting Edge Dccals, P0 Box 3956, Merrifield, VA Swine” nose art; red ‘TI-I-F’ with “Cousin Jake” ‘KB720’ is overall light grey with grey green
22116, USA. Web site: www.meteorprod.com. nose art 30 1/2 victory swastikas; red ‘TH-M’ with camouflage on upper surfaces and large red tri
Twelve new 1/48-scale Cutting Edge Decal sheets “Black Rufc” nose art and 17 victory swastikas; and angles on all flying surfaces and the squadron insig
have been received from Meteor Productions. red ‘TH-J’with “Cilyof Edmonton” crest and 241/2 nia on the air intakes. (6) Mig-29B, Islamic
Since these are identical in size and quality, a review victory swastikas. Republic of Iran AF, 1998. A/c ‘3-6115’ is overall
of their common attributes will be followed a CED48-130 Do 335 Arrow Part 1.Three Luftwaffe: light grey with pale stone (FS33531) camouflage on
description of the aircraft covered by each. Do 335 Mu ‘CP-UL’, Do 335 V3 ‘ZH’, & Do 335 upper surfaces. IRIAF and the Arabic equivalent
Each sheet, measuring 13.5cm by 20cm, is sharply A-0 ‘VG-PH’; one RAF Do 335 A-i mostly bare of the serial numbers are carried on the nose. (7)
printed in dense colors in perfect register. Items metal; and Do 335 A-0 with ‘VG-PI-I’ over painted Mig-29G, 1 Squadron, 73 Fighter Wing, “Steinhof”,
where registration is especially critical, such as Out with US insignia. German AF, Laage AB, Autumn 1997. A/c ‘29-06’
lined letters, are printed separately. All codes, CED48-131 DO 335 Arrow Part 2. Three is blue grey (F535237) and compass grey (FS36375)
serial numbers, and special insignia are provided Luftwaffe: Do 335 A-03, Do 335 A-i2, & Do 335 on the upper surfaces and ghost grey (F536270) on
and national insignia (including swastikas were ap A-07; French Do 335 M-14; and Do 335 A-13 with the lower surfaces.
propriate) are included to make all aircraft. The Luftwaffe marking overpainted with US insignia. The instruction sheet is a model of clarity and
full-color instruction sheet provides side-view CED48-132 Do 335 Arrow Part 3. Four Luftwaffe: information. All aircraft are illustrated with port
drawings of all aircraft and representative top and Do 335 V9 ‘CP-UI’, bare metal Do 335 A-12 ‘119’, and starboard views (with even the inside surfaces
bottom plan-view drawings. A separate sheet Do 335 A-03 ‘105’, and Do 335 A-12 ‘114’ and RAF of the twin fins shown) and top and bottom plan
provides notes specific to each aircraft, and bibli Do 335A-12. views. There is no need to guess about the color
ography, and cross reference to FS595 colors. scheme or the placement of the decals. All colors
ItDL Ili-Decals. Kilinskiego 22, 40-062 Katowice, are designed by FS595 numbers and Humbrol and
CED48-103 Messerschniitt Me 262. Four Model Master colors. There are even sketches
Poland. I-li-Decal Line has come Out with four new
Luftwaffe Me 262: White ‘19’; white ‘F’; white ‘B’; showing what modifications are needed for what
decal sheet for the Mig-29: Two for the single-seat
and red ‘B”. aircraft.
Fulcrum A (one in 1/48 scale and one in 1/72 scale)
CED48-104 Focke-Wuli Fw 190k Four Luftwaffe
and two for the two-seat Fulcrum B (one in 1/48
Fw 190A: one with red fuselage band and scale and one in 1/72 scale). Since these sheets are 72-044 Mig-29 A/BIG. This sheet is identical to
black/white striped cowl; black ‘7’; black ‘1’; and identical except for the scale, I will review the 1/48- 48-013 except for size (9 cm by 12.5 cm).
black ‘15’. scale sheets in detail and then just mention the
CED48-107 F-84 Thunderjet. Three USAF F
1/72-scale sheets. 48-015 Mig-29 UB Fulcrum B. This sheet is the
84E/G: ‘FS-466’ with yellow/black trim and
“Ricepaddy Ranger” ‘nose’ art; ‘FS-111-B’ with same size and quality as the one described above.
48-13 Mig-29 A/B/G Fulcrum A. This large sheet The a/c covered are: (1) 1 Fighter Regiment
blue trim and “Five Aces” ‘nose’ art; and ‘FS-139-A’
(13 cm by 17.5 cm) is produced in the usual out “Warszawa”, Polish AF, Minsk Mazowiecki All,
with red trim Mig ‘victory’ symbol. standing qualitywe have come to associate with the 1997. Red ‘28’ is finished in the same color scheme
CED48-111 F8F Bearcat. Two USN Bearcats: name I-IDL. The printing is sharp and in perfect as the second Mig described above. (2) 3 Fighter
white ‘100’ coded ‘B’ with red/white trim ‘Air
register, the colors are dense and vibrant, and the Squadron, 2 Training Wing, Crimea Air Defence
Group Nineteen’ and white ‘03’ coded ‘XB’ in
instructions are clear and informative. This sheet Division, Ukrainian AF, Kirovakye AB, 1995. Blue
Naval Ordinance Test Station colors of sea blue
contains the national insignia, serial numbers and ‘61’ is olive green (FS34151), light brown
fuselage and yellow and red wings and vertical tail.
codes, and individual markings forseven single seat (FS30219), and brown (FS30117) over pale grey
Stenciling and instruction provided.
Fulcrums: (1) Mig-29A of the 1st Fighter Regiment (P536495). (3) Moldavian AF, Kishinev, 1997.
CED48-112 F8F Bearcat. Two USN F8F: white “Warszawa”, Polish AF, Minsk Mazowiecki AB, White ‘61’ is finish in a demonstration scheme of
‘101’ coded ‘C’ with VF-17 “Jolly Rodgers”
1999. Red ‘66’ in dark grey (FS36118) and medium pale blue (P52550) and dark blue (FS25050) over
squadron insignia and white ‘3F4’ codes ‘4’ with
grey (FS36270) over ghost grey (FS375) and carry light grey (FS26493). (4) 120 Fighter Regiment,
VF-3 “Felix the Cat” squadron insignia. Two Bear-
ing the Warszawa Siren insignia; (2) Mig-29A, 1st Russian AF, Domna AB, Siberia, 1996. White ‘77’
cats with the French AF’s CG 1/9 Limousin in
Fighter Regiment, “Warszawa”, Polish AF, during is overall light grey (FS26493) with grey green
Vietnam: ‘E’ with GC 1/9 “Fox” insignia and ‘T’with
“Eagle’s Talon ‘97” Polish-American exercise, Sep (P525352) camouflage on upper surfaces. (5) 57
“Eagle” in red triangle insignia. Stenciling and in
tember 1997. Red ‘89’ dark brown (FS30045), tan Air Group, Romanian AF, “Mihail
struction provided.
(FS30227), medium green (FS34226), and dark Kogalnmiceana” All, Constanta, 1998. Red ‘iSis
CED48-116 B-26B Marauder. Three B-26B: ‘ER
green (FS34079) over pale blue grey (FS36495). overall light grey (FS26493) with grey green
X’ 131765 of the 450 BS with “Fightin’ Cock” nose
The Czech insignia arc over painted in black green (FS25352) camouflage on the upper surfaces. (6) 3
art; ‘71-B’ 295864 of the 497 BS with “Valkyrie”
(FS34052) on top surfaces and light blue (FS35414) Fighter Wing “Wladimir Komarow”, lAir Defence
pin-up nose art; and ‘DR-I-I’ 118054 of the 452 BS
on lowersurfaces. Tiger stripes are carried near the Division, East German AF, Preschen AB, 1989.
with “Jezabelle” nose art.
tip of the vertical tail. (3) Mig-29B, 127 Sqn. The color scheme for black ‘179’ is the same as for
CED48-120 F4F Wildcat. Four USMC Wildcats on “Knights”, 204 Fighter regiment, Yugoslav AF, the Romanian a/c above. (7) 611 Squadron, 5 Air
Guadalcanal: white ‘77’ of LT Jim Sweet with 7
Batajnica AB, 1997. Overall light grey (FS26493) Group, Peruvian AF, BA “Captain Jose Abelardo
victory flags and “Earthquake McGoon” tail art;
with grey green (FS25352) camouflage on upper Quinones Gonzales”, Chiclayo, 1997. A/c ‘046’ is
white ‘2’ of CAPT Marion Carl with 19 victory flags;
surfaces. This a/c carries the most recent Yugoslav overall pale grey (FS36495) with grey green
black ‘8’ with indian head insignia and painted-over
roundels with blue/white/red stripes. (4) Mig-29B, (FS25352) camounage on the upper surfaces.
outline to the national insignia (obscuring a
231 Fighter Squadron, “Playa Giron” Guard
“Torch” yellow ring?); and black ‘53’ of CAP’I’ Joe
Brigade, Cuban Revolutionary AF, San Julian AB, 72-045 Mig-29 UB.This sheet is identical to 48-015
Foss.
1997. This aircraft is finished the same as the except for size (9cm by 12.5 cm).
CED48-122 Mosquito. Four 418 Squadron RCAF
Yugoslava/c. (5) Mig-29B, 28 Squadron, ‘“The First
FB.VI & NF.11: red ‘TH-U’ with “Moonbeam Mc-
Supersonics”, Indian AF, Poona All, 1991. A/c

7\

MiG-29UB,Moldavjan A.F.;Kishinev,lgg7
SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000 137
 FLYING KIWIS” *11-.
eplication of the
PJILAF Skyhawk Markings Underneath
& Paint Scheme in 1/72nd scale
Top View, note
the no-walk lines
and placement of
the kiwi.

N.B. It is very
important to ensure
that the kiwi decals
r’ The Updated Lo-z Decals fit are placed with the
lJ in very well with the updated feetfacingforward
as the diagrams
paint scheme of the RNZAF indicate.
Skyhawk.
/4
That scheme is an all over Dark
Green, Tamiya colour XF-61.
The only colour variation is the
Gloss Black (Tàmiya X-i )of the
nsv nd enI ( lnulc).
Trevor Bringans Ltd., P.O. Box 76-1 56, Manukau City,
New Zealand.
Decals by Zanchetti of Italy

N
NZ5252

52

- NZ6252 ITA-4K serial numbers are: I

lNZ6251 I
Twin-Seat
1NZ6252
tNZ6255 I

/7
ix2
138 SAFO vol. 24 no.4 (96) December 2000
“I finished digesting SAFO #94 for July2000, and would be interesting to know the source for this North American B-25 Mitchell in Latin American
wanted to send along a few comments: Tony rather odd report. service, I’d be happy to know of it. The rather large
Sapienza’s article on the little-known Neiva T-25 “Marcos Vinicius G. Teixeira’a article on the manuscript was originally prepared for ‘World Air
Universals in service with the FAP was most wel Uruguayan Navy F6F-5s was also most welcome, as Power Journal’, at their request, but I guess
come. In comparing his data with what I have on a lot of misinformation has also been circulating everyone has learned about that publication by
the Chilean use of the aircraft, however, several around these aircraft for rnanyyears. Although the now. It is book length, and ready to go.”
inconsistencies seem to appear. I honestly do not match-ups are not known with any certainty, it may Dan Hagedorn (SAFCH #394), 13125 Pennerview
know if this is because of errors in my older data or be ofsome interest to readers to knowwhat aircraft Lane, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. E-mail:
what, but wanted to send it along for possible were involved. The known former US Navy BuA rlrxlhpl@bellatlantic.net
reader-input and correction, First of all, I have the numbers were BuA 40151, 42071, 58797, 58877,
Manufacturer’s serial numbers (msn or, if you 70768, 71540, 71128 (confirmed as A-451), 71622, “1 was checking Out the FS.595 numbers for the
prefer, constructor’s numbers, c/n) for the ten 43065 (confirmed as A-453), 71740 and two others camouflage schemes on the North Korean MiG
Chilean Army T-25s delivered circa July 1975 as not identified. It is worth noting that the iS’s shown on page 23 for SAFO #93. Page 29 lists
1132)0 1141 (note the additional digit in front of Uruguayan Embassy request to the U.S. State the colors coresponding to the aforementioned
the serial style that Tony reported). Further, this Department for permission to overfly US was MiGs: Red ‘546’ is said to be camouflaged with
made Chilean Army serial 101 msn 1132 [not (1)133 dated 7 November 1950, some 17 months before brown FS24098. This is FS color is reality a green
that Tony reported]. Further, msn 1135, Chilean the actual delivery flight, and the serials given were color nearlylike FS34127 of Model Masters Colors.
Army 104 (but also given, for some reason as 204) A-401 to A-406 and A-451 to A-455. It is almost The correct color is either brown of a different FS
was reported written off 16 July 1976, which would 100%certain that at least some of these aircraft had number or green. Which is correct?”
seem to make it difficult to have gone to the FACh US civil registrations briefly prior to overhaul by Thomas Perry (SAFCH #156), Box 1711,
and on to Paraguay, if correct. I-las anyone actually Cobell Industries. HiIlsviIle, VA 24343, USA.
acquired definitive information on these aircraft “Wanted to also pass along the news that I have
that went to Chile? The Chilean Air Force contracted with 1-likoki Publications in the UK to
“I went to this year’s Rose Festival Air Show and
magazine for January-March 1980 pp 205 had a produce a book next yearwith the working title ‘Air
was surprised to see a Chinesebuilt CJ6A (mfg. sn
drawing of an FACh T-25 marked as ‘204’ which - Wars Latin America: The First 70 Years’. I-lowell
seems to suggest that the FACh must have either 3632013) on display. The Cambodian markings
Press of Charlottesville, VA will be publishing
(a) modified the Army serials after the transfer or ‘ARRIBA! A Latin American Aviaion History caught my eye and I thought SAFO readers might
(b) used another series of serials besides the 251- appreciate seeing a photo. The a/c was built in 1973
Printer’, covering the first 100 years of manned
260 series always assumed. ‘Latin American and according to Landings.com, is registered to
flight in Latin America, which I am preparing
Weekly’ for 20 April 1984 muddied the waters for Eugene J. Vandeputte, llaines, AK. It may have
under a partial grant from the Smithsonian’s
a lot of people when it reported that ‘The Chilean been in Portland, Oregon, through a connection
Latino Initiatives Committee. The ‘Journal of the
with Fred Ihenburg’s ‘Yakity Yaks’ at the Aurora
Air Force has voted with its wings against the American Aviation historical Society’ published
Brazilian trainer plane, thcNeivaT-25. The Army’s (Oregon) Airport, just south of Portland. (Photo
mystoty entitled ‘Deal of the Decade’, surrounding
air command originally bought 10 of these, but in on page 143)
Ecuador’s acquisition of Scversky’s and a Bellanca
1979 it donated five to the Chilean Air Force and Thomas Wnt. McGarry(SAFCI-l #950), 21 Davinci
aircraft, in their Fall 2000 issue, in case anyone is
sold the other five to the Paraguayan Air Force. St., Lake Oswego, OR 97035-1309, USA. Tele/Fax:
iii terested.
Now the Air Force has sold the other five to the (503)534-0899. Email: twmflak@teleport.com
“Finally, if anyone knows of a publisher that would
Paraguayans, presumably at knock-down prices.’ It be interested in taking a contplctcd history of the

“When I was playing around with my computer. I ran across quite a few web South African Air Force: www.geocities.com/capccanaveral/lab/2789/s
Sites for sniall air forces. Enclosed is a list of sonte that I have found. I ant sure Vietnamese Air Force: www.vnafcont
that threre are ntore Out there.” Latin Anterican Aviation 1-listorical Society www.laahs.com
Royal Australian Air Force: www.gil.com.au
Brazilian Air Force: www.mat.ufrgs.br/ rudnei/fab/english.htrnl
‘ Terty Love (SAFCI-l #229) 9415 West 178 St., Lakeville, MN 55044, USA.
Canadian Air Force: www.achq.dnd.ca
Chilean Air Force: www.gcocities.cont/ eahumana/index.html Mario Bartoli, SAFCI-l ntentber arid our Web Master, has opened a Web-based
Croatian Air Force: www.gcocities.cont/photoetttil/ntilitaria.htrnl hobby shop that carries many of the items reviewed in SAFO. For example,
Finitish Air Force: www.hkkkk.fi/ yrjola/war/faf/faf.html
‘

GAL Dccals for L18.000 and the enjcction-molded 1/72-scale Praga E.39 for
1-lellenic Air Force: www.hellas.org/ntiIitary/air force/ L30.000. Prices arc in Italian Lira and members living in non-EEC countires
Israeli Air Force: www.jdf.II should divide prices by 1.2. This, plus the current exchange rate of about
ww v.netlink.co.uk/users/aeroflt/waf/israel/iafin 0.000448 US dollars per Lira, ntakes the prices very competative. And, payment
JASDF (Japan): wwwjda.go.jp/jasdf/indcx.html can he ntadc by VISA. Check Out his Web Page at www.mondoridotto.it
Singapore Air Force: www.mindcf.gov.sg/rsaf
Slovakian Air Force: www2.arnes.si/ ssdsvide/indcxe.[mtntl

“I am seeking information on te usc of the Tu—I Croft Court, Charlotte, NC 28226, USA. E-ntail: Aircraft Illustrated; Airline Quarterly: Captain’s
‘Bull’ by the PLAAF. Any information regarding gcu ripidesyahoo.corn Log; Modelworld; Flight International; Modelers
unit markings and/or operational histories would Journal; plus ntany ntore. Send SASE.”
be greatly appreciated. I ant specifically interested “Selling Magazines: IPMS Canada. UK. USA. Joe Dailcda (SAFCI-l #28), 4314W 238th St.. Tor
in the period of 1954-1960.” Chapter Pubs: AAI IS Journal: Acro’N’Photo: rance, CA 90505. USA.
Charles Euripides (SAFCII #1286), 4508 Vmllow Acrophile; Air & Space: Air International:

SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) December 2000 139

 VAKT I j

LLL.
:i.

SAFO vol. 24 no. 4 (96) Dcccmber 2000 143