The Political Self Reporting - Group 10 - Uts 1

THE POLITICAL SELF
What is Political Self?
People have two contradictory needs: they want to be included and they want to be different from
others. These demands lead to the establishment of smaller subgroups that may reconcile the desire for
inclusion with the need to be different from others—a process helped by the political arena as the major
social struggle in which the political self is produced.
The political self is a subset of the self that aids an individual in navigating the tensions in the political
sphere between competing demands for assimilation and distinctiveness.
CITIZENSHIP becomes a salient basis for political self.
POLITICS
What is Politics?
Politics is etymologically defined as ‘Affairs of the cities.’
The actions or activities concerned with achieving and using power in a nation or society. It is also
defined as the ways the power is shared in an organization and the ways it is affected by personal
relationships between people who work together.
1. The art and science of governance

2. The process by which group of people make decisions
Politics according to Stevens, Anglin and Justin (2015)
 Politics is a central component of the identity

 Organizes one’s beliefs, attitudes, and affiliations and aids the processing of politically
relevant information
 It constitutes knowledge about the constitution, government, and governance.
POLITICAL SELF AND POLITICS IN THE PHILIPPINES (Ito lang talaga ilalagay sa isang slide, introduction ‘to
sa mga pinaka topics may ieexplain ako here.)
(another docx)
CONSERVATIVE AND LIBERALS
CONSERVATIVE
Are associated with right-leaning movements and characterized by the firm belief that progress should
be controlled and, in some instances, impeded in order to preserve traditional values.
LIBERALS
Are left-leaning, open to progress and highly reliant in the government to solve problems. Originally,
liberals were mainly part of minority groups striving for social changes, whereas today they may also be
part of dominant group. Liberals want to change existing structures and believe that strictly sticking to
the tradition only show the society down and impedes progress and development.
DICHOTOMIES OF THE POLITICAL BELIEFS THAT SHAPE THE POLITICAL SELF AND IDENTITY
1. ON MARRIAGE
To Liberals
Marriage is the union of people who love each other.
To Conservative
Marriage is the union of one man and woman.
2. ON THE CHURCH AND STATE
To Liberals
Support the separation of the church and state.
To Conservative
Symbols of Christian heritage should not be removed from public and government spaces.
3. ON EMINENT DOMAIN
To Liberals
Government has the right to use the eminent domain.
To Conservative
Respect ownership and private property rights.
4. ON HEALTH CARE
To Liberals
a. The Social Security System should be protected at all cost.

b. The government should provide equal health care benefits for all.
To Conservative
a. Major changes to the current system are urgently needed

b. Health care should remain privatized.
5. ON GUN CONTROL
To Liberals
Individual do not need guns for protection.
To Conservative
Individuals have the right to defend themselves.
6. ON EUTHANASIA
To Liberals,
Euthanasia should be legalized.
To Conservative
Neither euthanasia nor physician-assisted suicide should not be legalized.
7. ON THE ECONOMY
To Liberals
A market system in which government regulates the economy is best.
To Conservative
Free markets produce more economic growth and, more jobs and higher standard living.
8. ON DEATH PENALTY
To Liberals
The death penalty should be abolished.
To Conservative
The death penalty is a punishment that fits the crime of murder.
9. ON ABORTION
To Liberals
A woman has the right t decide what happens with her body.
To Conservative
An unborn baby, as a living human being, has separate rights from those of the mother.
10. ON TAXES
To Liberals
Higher taxes and a larger government are necessary to address inequality/injustice in society.
To Conservative
Lower taxes and a smaller government with limited power still improve the standard of living for all.
THEORIES OF POLITCAL SELF

THEORY OF SYMBOLIC INTERACTION
 Symbolic Interactionism is a theoretical framework in sociology that describes how societies are
created and maintained through the repeated actions of individuals (Carter and Fuller, 2015).
 Suggests that behaviors are products of communication, meaning, and symbols.
 People give meanings to symbols and they express these meanings through language
communication.
 According to Blumer (1969), social interaction thus has four main principles
THEORY OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
 Defined as the citizen’s action or activities anchored in politics

 The extent and scope of political participation may be an important criteria for assessing value
or quality symbols and meanings that the people ascribe to politics.
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Social learning theory is the idea that humans learn from observing and imitating the behavior modelled
by others. Bandura labelled this phenomenon observational learning. In short, it is not necessary to have
a direct experience of something in order to learn.
Bobo Doll Experiment - Tested how children learn and imitate aggressive behavior.
Four Elements of Social Learning Theory
 Attention: A lesson must engage a student sufficiently to hold their attention.

 Retention: Students must be able to remember what they have seen or heard.
 Reproduction: Students should be given time to practice the observed behavior
 Motivation: A student must be able to see the benefit of a new behavior for long term
assimilation.
COGNITIIVE LEARNING THEORY
Cognitive learning theory explains how internal and external factors influence an individual’s mental
processes to supplement learning.
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development - His theory states that, as children grow, they construct an
understanding of the world around them, experience discrepancies between their understanding and
their experiences then correct those discrepancies through reorganizing their mental processes.
Piaget's four-stage cognitive development process Piaget also presented a four-stage cognitive
development process, which he believed must happen before learning could commence.
1. Sensorimotor- From birth to two years, is the stage where a child learns to form mental
representations. This is when a child will develop object permanence.
2. Preoperational- From two to seven years, is the development of symbolic thinking.
3. The concrete operational stage- From seven to eleven years, is the beginning of using logic to work
things out in their head, rather than needing to learn concepts physically.
4. The formal operational stage- It begins at age eleven, it's a stage when full logical cognition is
possible, including working out complex hypotheses.
DEVELOPING POLITICAL AWARENESS IN YOUR ORGANZATIONS OR GROUP
Tip 1: Be Guided by What is Important
Tip 2: Build a Network
Tip 3: Watch and Learn
Tip 4: Handle Gossip Tactfully
Tip 5: Promote Yourself Tactfully

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THE POLITICAL SELF

What is Political Self?

CITIZENSHIP becomes a salient basis for political self.

Politics is etymologically defined as ‘Affairs of the cities.’

1. The art and science of governance

Politics according to Stevens, Anglin and Justin (2015)

 Politics is a central component of the identity

CONSERVATIVE AND LIBERALS

Marriage is the union of people who love each other.

Marriage is the union of one man and woman.

2. ON THE CHURCH AND STATE

Support the separation of the church and state.

Government has the right to use the eminent domain.

Respect ownership and private property rights.

a. The Social Security System should be protected at all cost.

a. Major changes to the current system are urgently needed

Individuals have the right to defend themselves.

Euthanasia should be legalized.

Neither euthanasia nor physician-assisted suicide should not be legalized.

A market system in which government regulates the economy is best.

The death penalty should be abolished.

The death penalty is a punishment that fits the crime of murder.

THEORIES OF POLITCAL SELF

THEORY OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

 Defined as the citizen’s action or activities anchored in politics

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Four Elements of Social Learning Theory

 Attention: A lesson must engage a student sufficiently to hold their attention.

COGNITIIVE LEARNING THEORY

2. Preoperational- From two to seven years, is the development of symbolic thinking.

DEVELOPING POLITICAL AWARENESS IN YOUR ORGANZATIONS OR GROUP

Tip 1: Be Guided by What is Important

Tip 2: Build a Network

Tip 3: Watch and Learn

Tip 4: Handle Gossip Tactfully

Tip 5: Promote Yourself Tactfully

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