Mentor Di Matematica

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Mentor of Mathematics
CISIA 2015
editions
Mentor Collection Curators:
Logic: Luisella Caire, Paola Suria Arnaldi
Mathematics: Gioconda Moscariello, Vincenzo Ferone
Physical and chemical sciences: Roberto Piazza, Paolo Sarti
Editorial board
Reviewers: Claudio Beccari, Claudio Casarosa
Organization: Giuseppe Forte, Giorgio Filippi
Pagination and layout: Claudio Beccari
Copyright © 2015
CISIA - Interuniversity Consortium Integrated Systems for Access - All rights reserved.
THERE IS
President
Armando Brandolese Politecnico di Milano
Vice president
Bianca Maria Lombardo University of Catania
Director
Claudio Casarosa University of Pisa
Scientific Council
Marco Abate University of Pisa
Claudio Beccari Polytechnic of Turin
Marco Lonzi University of Siena
Gioconda Moscariello University of Naples - Federico II
Roberto Piazza Politecnico di Milano
Maurizio Verri Politecnico di Milano
Governing Council
Armando Brandolese Politecnico di Milano
Bianca Maria Lombardo University of Catania
Claudio Casarosa University of Pisa
Andrea Stella University of Padua
Paolo Villani University of Salerno
Site
Via Malagoli, 12
56122 PISA
www.cisiaonline.it
Presentation
This booklet is a self-learning tool; it is not used to simulate a test, but to practice answering closed-ended
questions on specific subjects that are generally included in the admission tests to universities.
The booklet has a particular shape and cannot be used by reading the pages sequentially; a sequential
reading is intentionally almost incomprehensible. The reading should be done in this way: we start with
the first question; read the text and choose an answer by going to the page indicated at the end of the
answer. If the answer is correct, the new page confirms it, perhaps adding some little information and
indicating the page where to find the next question. If, on the other hand, the chosen answer is wrong,
the new page explains why it is wrong and indicates the page to return to the question for which the
wrong answer was chosen.
As you can see, therefore, the reading path is forced through the indications of the pages to move to. On
the other hand, sequential reading is practically impossible because both the questions and the answers
are distributed "randomly" throughout the text and there are no two logically consecutive elements
(questions or explanations to the answers) placed in adjacent positions in the text.
In this particular mentor the mathematics concepts that are supposed to be known to the majority of
students enrolling at the University are reviewed. Of course, the multitude of secondary education
institutions is so heterogeneous in Italy that their programs often do not cover the entire mathematics
program that it would be useful to have done before enrolling in a technical or scientific faculty. For this
reason, in this mentor the notions that are reviewed or learned are part of a not too advanced mathematics
program that stops at plane tri-gonometry and does not go into mathematical analysis. At the same time,
for example, it does not deal with financial mathematics at all, which instead is developed in some
secondary education institutions. Despite the choice of such a simplified program, however, it cannot be
ignored that some institutions do not get to cover the essential concepts necessary to start university
studies on the right foot.
It is advisable to separate the review or learning of mathematics concepts by also separating knowledge
from skills; both are essential, but it is best to proceed step by step. At the same time, to facilitate the
reader, this mentor contains an index of the sections with which it is possible to resume the revision of
knowledge from the section that is most interesting, either Mathematics 1, for knowledge, or Mathematics
2 for skills. It is obviously not the case to remember that knowledge, beyond the formal and rigorous
aspect of mathematical definitions, requires verifying that you know what you are talking about. Similarly,
for skills it is not just a question of knowing what you are talking about, but also of knowing how to use it;
solving a problem exposed in words does not only require knowing what you are talking about, but also
knowing how to handle the information contained in the statement of the problem to arrive at a solution,
possibly in an efficient and effective way.
The time to devote to each question shouldn't be too long; however, the revision or self-learning of
mathematical concepts is a very different thing from facing an admission test carried out through a
questionnaire full of closed multiple-choice questions, having an average of a couple of minutes available
for each question. The time to answer in this kind of test together with the difficulty of the question itself is
an essential element for the effectiveness of the admission test; it allows to better separate the sample of
candidates who present themselves for the test in order to discriminate the preparation of individual
candidates. Usually this does not prevent brilliant candidates, who have followed upper secondary studies
not suited to the chosen faculty, from showing their skills; equally well it is possible to better identify those
candidates who, however
4
having followed secondary education suitable for the faculty, they are not so interested in the disciplines that form the
basis of their future studies.
This is why reviewing the knowledge and skills acquired in mathematics is important; just as it is important to discover
that one does not have adequate knowledge in some parts, so as to be able to fill in the gaps before starting university
studies.
The mathematics program covered by the closed-ended questions cover the knowledge and skills indicated in the
following list.
Arithmetic and algebra Properties and operations on numbers (integers, rationals, reals). Absolute value. Powers and
roots. Logarithms and exponentials. Literal calculation. Polynomials (operations, factor decomposition). Algebraic
equations and inequalities of first and second degree or reducible to them. Systems of first degree equations.
Rational equations and inequalities with fraction and radicals.
Geometry Segments and angles; their measure and properties. Lines and planes. Remarkable geometric places.
Properties of the main plane geometric figures (triangles, circumferences, circles, regular polygons, etc.) and
relative lengths and areas. Properties of the main solid geometric figures (spheres, cones, cylinders, prisms,
parallelepipeds, pyramids, etc.) and related volumes and surface areas.
Analytic geometry and numerical functions Cartesian coordinates. The concept of function. Equations of straight lines
and simple geometric places (circles, ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas, etc.).
Graphs and properties of elementary functions (powers, logarithms, exponentials, etc.). Calculations using
logarithms. Logarithmic and exponential equations and inequalities.
Trigonometry Graphs and properties of the sine, cosine and tangent functions. The main trigonometric formulas (addition,
subtraction, duplication, bisection). Trigonometric equations and inequalities. Relations between elements of a
triangle.
How to use the mentor

In the mentor the questions and the explanations of the closed answers that they contain are mixed at random, but next
to each answer it is indicated which page is the solution by means of a black hand whose index points to the page to
which to move; on the page indicated, the explanation is clearly identified as the answer 'X' to the question 'Y'. The
explanation consists of a title that classifies the answer as right or wrong and is followed by a short explanatory text
possibly accompanied by formulas and drawings. At the end of the short text another black hand indicates which page
to go to to continue using the mentor; in particular, if the answer given was wrong, the hand indicates to go back to the
question to which you have not been able to answer, while if the answer was correct the hand indicates the page of the
next question. Generally on the page of the next question there is only one; very rarely on the same page there are two
or more questions. For this reason, in order to make unequivocal what the next question is, the sentence that follows
the hand says "to question Z on page W". If only page W is indicated, it means it points to the next mentor section or to
its conclusion.
Even if the questions are numbered sequentially in the mentor, the game of references proceeds in no particular order;
by means of the pointers to the pages, at the end of the reading, however, each question will have been reached.
Reading does not take place sequentially according to the numbering of the pages, but only following the sequence of
the pages indicated by the various hands. Reading according to the natural sequence
5
of pages is virtually impossible. In short, one is forced to think carefully about each question in order to proceed
with the sequence of the right answers.
If a question is answered once or twice with a wrong answer, it is likely that the topic on which the question is
concerned constitutes a lacuna or that the topic has not been properly assimilated. The mentor's aim of
highlighting the lack of knowledge and / or skills is thus achieved. The reader will review that topic in his or her
textbooks or textbooks conforming to the syllabus indicated above1 ; acquired the missing knowledge, and
possibly also the skills by carrying out the exercises proposed in the text, the reader can start over the section
of the mentor he was carrying out.
If, on the other hand, one proceeds well along the guided reading of the mentor, it means that the reader has
the necessary knowledge and knowledge; it will be his care, eventually, to point out if he has encountered
arguments that have forced him to a lot of mental and material work but still managed to proceed to the end of
the mentor, he will be able to review the arguments that have bothered him more to revise the theory and / or to
carry out further exercises to acquire greater operational “ease”. Again the mentor's purpose is achieved; in fact,
the reader has identified his possible weaknesses and has the opportunity to practice to strengthen himself in
the arguments that have proved to be the most difficult for him.
The method followed in this test is inspired by a book of about fifty years ago which was then very useful to many
young people. Convinced that, even in the presence of more modern technologies, learning is based, yesterday
as today, always on individual cognitive experiences, we hope that the readers of this text will appreciate the
proposed method and find the product of our efforts useful.
1
Texts intended for high school should be suitable for this purpose.
6
List of sections
Mathematics 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 8
Mathematics 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 87
7
Mathematics 1
Start from the page that contains the

question from which to begin reading the
mentor, as indicated in the box
below.
question 60 on page 86
Answer C to question 20 is correct
Setting = , the2 equation becomes + 3 - 4 =

2
0. Using the solution formula of the equations of
second degree, the solutions of this equation are 1 = 1. Taking=into
ÿ4 and
account the position
2 done, we need to solve the following two equations:
2 = ÿ4 and 2 = 1.
The first does not admit real solutions, while the second admits two real solutions = ÿ1 and
1
2 = 1 Therefore the answer is correct.
ÿ in question 34 on page 59
Answer A to question 48 is wrong
Referring to the figure, the polygon is the union of the two right triangles And
Therefore:
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area ( )=2ÿ =ÿ .

2
If = 3 cm, using the Pythagorean theorem, it can be calculated that it is wrong. and deduce that the answer
The intersection of with 2 is the point (0,0), that of 1 with 3 is the point (7,0), that of 1 is
2 with 3
7 14
the point ( 3 , 3 ) . So the assigned triangle is in the first quadrant and has one side on the axis
. It is easy to verify that the point (3,5) is not inside the triangle which has as vertices (0,0), (7,0) and
7 14
( 3 , 3 ) . Therefore the answer is wrong.
9
Answer D to question 52 is wrong
Students who passed the exam at the first session represent a fraction of 30 of the
70 100 of the total. Students who

total, therefore the students who remain after the first session are those 100
10 70 7
who have passed the exam at the second session are a fraction of the total equal to ×
100 100
= 100 .
Therefore the answer is wrong.
Answer E to question 6 is wrong
The numbers considered are all positive, so to compare them just compare the square.
The equation of a circle with center C with coordinates (1,1) and radius > 0 is:
2
(- 1) 2 + (- 1) 2 =
2
The equation 2+
- 2 - 2 = 0 can be written as (- 1) 2 + (- 1) 2 = 2. Hence it
represents the circle with center C and radius ÿ2 and this circle is not tangent to the axis
of the . Therefore the answer is wrong.
The answer E to question 48 is wrong
Therefore:
.
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area ( )=2ÿ =ÿ
10
Question 1
An equilateral triangle is inscribed in a circle; the ratio of the length of the

circumference and perimeter of the triangle is:
A. 4/3 ÿ page 79
B. /3 ÿ page 37
C.ÿ3 / 2 D. ÿ page 26
2ÿ3 / 9 E. 2 / ÿ page 47
ÿ3 ÿ page 69
3
Self = 2 cm, making use of the Pythagorean theorem, one can calculate and deduce that the answer
is wrong.
Answer B to question 42 is correct
Values ÿ 2 = | | =|,. so
Remembering the
the proposed definition
equation is equivalent to |
of absolute value we have that it is satisfied only for ÿ 0. Therefore the answer is correct.
It applies:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10 (10 ÿ ÿ2).

If we use the properties of the logarithm, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
1
The solid obtained is a sphere with a radius of 1 cm from which a sphere with a radius has been removed. 2
cm.
By calculating the volume of these spheres, we can deduce that the answer is wrong.
11
Question 2
2ÿ2
Given a real number , the following relation is valid:
ÿ4 +1
A. 1/2 ÿ page 23
B. 0 ÿ page 52
C. 1/2 ÿ page 58
D. 2 ÿ page 18
E. 1 ÿ page 53
It applies:
1
+1= 2
log10 3ÿ + 1)
3 log10 (
2 log10 1000 = log10 103 = 3 log10 10 = 3,
2
and therefore log10 3ÿ 2 + 1 ÿ log10 1000 = log10 ( + 1). Therefore the answer is correct.
Since the triangle is right, it can be said that the two equal sides form a right angle.
Recalling that the sum of the internal angles of a triangle is equal to a flat angle, we deduce
that the answer is wrong.
The rectangle that has two sides coinciding with two parallel sides of the hexagon has a base equal to and height
equal to double the apothem. If we calculate the length of the apothem, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
The number 7 is not a divisor of 30. Therefore the answer is wrong.

12
Question 3
An angle measures 2 radians, therefore
A. its sine is positive B. its ÿ page 15

sine and cosine have the same sign C. the angle is ÿ page 78
acute D. its tangent does not exist E. its cosine is ÿ page 78
positive ÿ page 66
ÿ page 44
The sets identified by each condition (see figure) can be described as follows.
Condition Set of points

(1) (+ ) 2 = 1 two lines 1 ÿ + = ÿ1 and 2 ÿ + = 1
2
(2) 2+ = 1 circumference with center origin and radius 1
(3) +ÿ0 half plane that lies under the line + = 3ÿ

0
(ÿ1.0)
(0, ÿ1)
Conditions (1) and (3) are verified simultaneously by all and only the points of the line 1.
Hence, the points that verify all three assigned conditions are (-1,0) and (0, -1), i.e. all and
only those who satisfy the system
{+ =2 ÿ1
+ 2=1 ÿ {= - - 12 + = 0.
Therefore the answer is correct.
13
Question 4
4
In the set of real numbers the inequality + 5 <0 is verified
A. always B. ÿ page 58
if = ÿ5 ÿ page 50
C. never ÿ page 77
D. if > ÿ5 ÿ page 61
E. if <- 4ÿ5 ÿ page 24
For 0 ÿ ÿ the function sin ( ) assumes all and only the values between 0 and 1. Hence the equation
proposal admits at least one solution if and only if 0 ÿ 2 - ÿ 1, that is 1 ÿ ÿ 2. Therefore the
answer is right.
The degree of a polynomial in the variable is the maximum degree of the monomials that compose it
(evidently the coefficient of the monomial of maximum degree is not zero). The sum of polynomials
of degree 3 is a polynomial that contains monomials that are at the most third degree, but that is not necessarily the case
3 3
contains one of the third degree. For example, if () = - and () = + that is a first degree , () + () = 2 holds ,
polynomial. Therefore the answer is wrong.
For example, value = solves the2 equation, but is not written in the form = some integer value of. 32
+2 , for
Answer C to question 42 is wrong
It is easy to verify that, for example, even = 1 satisfies the proposed equation. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
14
The wheels used cover a total of 2 ÿ 600 km = 1200 km. So every wheel has to
1200
be used for km = 400 km. Therefore the answer is correct.
3
By << is 0 < sin <1 and ÿ1 < cos < 0, therefore cos + sin <1 <ÿ2. Therefore the
2
answer it is wrong.
The rectangle that has two sides coinciding with two parallel sides of the hexagon has a base equal to and a
height equal to double the apothem. If we calculate the length of the apothem, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
The answer E to question 17 is correct
The degree of a polynomial in the variable is the maximum degree of the monomials that compose it (evidently
the coefficient of the maximum degree monomial is not zero). The sum of polynomials of degree 3 is a
polynomial that contains monomials that are at most third degree, therefore () + () has degree ÿ 3. The
product of polynomials is a polynomial that is obtained by adding the products of each monomial of the first
for each monomial of the second, then () ÿ () contains a monomial of the sixth degree
Therefore
(highest
the answer
degree).is
correct.
Answer A to question 3 is correct
It is worth <2 < , hence sin 2> 0. Therefore the answer is correct.
2
For example, if = 0, the equation becomes sin ( ) = 2, but, for 0 ÿ ÿ it assumes all , the sin ( ) function
and only the values between 0 and 1. Therefore the answer is wrong.
15
Question 5
Having an equilateral triangle of side and an equilateral triangle of side 2 we have that the resulting
surface:
A. greater than that of but still less than twice that of ÿ page 69 ÿ page 27 ÿ page
84 ÿ page 55 ÿ
B. quadruple that of C. greater page 40
than four times that of D. double that of E.
not deductible from that of
The intersection of 1 with 2 is the point (0,0), that of with 3 is the point (7,0), that of 1 is 2 with 3
7 14
the point 3, 3 ) . So the assigned triangle is in the first quadrant and has one side on the axis
. ( The point (ÿ3,2) does not belong to the first quadrant. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Answer D to question 39 is correct
,
The point = () coincides with the point (ÿ1,2) if and only if it is such that = ÿ1 and = 2. Negating this condition
means that ÿ ÿ1 or ÿ 2. Therefore the answer is correct.
We write the inequality in an equivalent form:

+3 + 3 - 2 (+ 1) ÿ 1
-2ÿ0ÿ+1 0ÿ+1 ÿ 0.
-+1
The solutions are obtained by solving the following systems:
{1 - ÿ+01> 0 or {1 - ÿ 0 + 1 <0
The first system is solved for ÿ1 <ÿ 1, while the second is impossible. Therefore the answer is correct.
16
Question 6
Put the three numbers 7, ÿ47, ÿ3 + ÿ27 in ascending order
A. ÿ3 + ÿ27 <ÿ47 <7 B. ÿ page 17

ÿ47 <ÿ3 + ÿ27 <7 C. 7 ÿ page 38
<ÿ47 <ÿ3 + ÿ27 D. 7 <ÿ3 + ÿ page 27
ÿ27 <ÿ47 E. ÿ47 <7 <ÿ3 + ÿ page 44
ÿ27 ÿ page 10
If we remember that, for every ÿ ÿ, we have sin2 + cos2 = 1 and sin 2 = 2 sin , we deduce that
cos, the answer is wrong.
If sphere and cube are, respectively, the volume of the sphere and of the cube, since the sphere is contained
in the cube it is:
ball < 1.
cube
On the other hand 2 > 1. Therefore the answer is wrong.

The function = 3ÿ is an increasing function from ÿ to ÿ and has the same sign as. Therefore
3 3
the inequality 3ÿ 3 <ÿ8 =+ (ÿ2)
8 <0 3is .satisfied if and only if + 8 < 0, i.e.
This last inequality is satisfied if and only if <ÿ2. Therefore the answer is correct.
17
Question 7
We have 3ÿ 3 + 8 <0
A. if and only if <ÿ1 ÿ page 84 ÿ page
B. for no real value of C. if and 34 ÿ page 17 ÿ
only if <ÿ2 page 39 ÿ page
D. if and only if <0 68
E. if and only if <1
The solid obtained is a sphere with a radius of 1 cm from which a sphere with a radius has been 1 cm. 2
removed. By calculating the volume of these spheres, we can deduce that the answer is wrong. ÿ in
Answer B to question 17 is wrong
(evidently the coefficient of the maximum degree monomial is not zero). The product of polynomials is a
polynomial obtained by adding the products of each monomial of the first to each monomial of the second.
Therefore () ÿ () contains a monomial of sixth degree. Therefore the answer is wrong.
It is easy to verify that, for example, = ÿ1 does not satisfy the proposed equation. Therefore the answer is
wrong.
If we make use of the properties of powers, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
The sum of the internal angles of a polygon, regular or non-regular, having sides is equal to (ÿ2) flat angles.
18
Question 8
A shrewd motorcyclist, on a 600 km journey, also makes use of the spare wheel, in
so that at the end of the journey the three wheels suffer the same wear. How many kilometers
will he have traveled every wheel at the end of the journey?
A. 350 km ÿ page 73
B. 400 km ÿ page 15
C. 450 km ÿ page 27
D. 500 km ÿ page 66
E. 200 km ÿ page 28
If we make use of the remainder theorem, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
Number 2 is prime, so it belongs to. Therefore the answer is correct.

Numbers = 0 and = 0 satisfy wrong. 2

2+ = 0, but it doesn't hold + = 1. So the answer is
It applies:
1 3 1
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 - 2 sin ) | = = ÿ3 +ÿ3 - 2 ÿ 0.
6 4 4 2
19
The number (ÿ5 + ÿ8) / 2 is not rational. In fact, if it were, so would its square
2
= 5 + 8 + 2ÿ40 = 13 +ÿ10,
4 4
(ÿ5 + ÿ8 2)
and therefore ÿ10 would also be rational, but there is no rational number whose square is 10. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
Recalling that a polynomial is divisible by a second polynomial if there is a third polynomial mine that multiplied
by the second gives as a result the starting polynomial, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
Number 13 is odd, so it belongs to. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in question 41 on

page 66
It applies:
(- 2) = (- 2) 2 - (- 2) 3 .
By performing the calculations, it is deduced that the answer is wrong.
If we observe that a diagonal forms a triangle with two consecutive sides of the parallelogram, we can deduce
If we make use of the properties of powers with the same basis, we deduce that the answer is wrong. ÿ in
20
Question 9
With respect to an orthogonal Cartesian reference with the equation of the segment axis
extremes (0,0) and (2,2) it is:
A. - = 2 ÿ page 75
B. = 1 ÿ page 36
C. = ÿ page 69
D. + = 2 ÿ page 23
E. = 1 ÿ page 74
It involves calculating the number of subsets of 4 athletes that can be formed from the set
of the 6 rowers. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The equation of a circle with center (0, - 4) and radius = ÿ + 2 is:

2 2 2 + 8 + 16 = + 2.
The previous equation does not coincide with the one assigned. Therefore the answer is wrong.
21
Therefore:
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area ( )=2ÿ =ÿ .

2
If = ÿ3
cm, making use of the Pythagorean theorem, can be calculated and deduce that the answer
2
it is wrong.
Two circles with distinct centers are mutually tangent if and only if the straight line passes through
for centers it contains the point of tangency between the circles. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The solutions of the considered equation must be numbers ÿ 0 that satisfy the equation
second degree
2 - + 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = the - 4 and, if = 1, ÿ = ÿ3 < 0. Hence
equation admits no solutions. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The rectangle that has two sides coinciding with two parallel sides of the hexagon has a base equal to and height
equal to double the apothem. If we calculate the length of the apothem, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
The volume of the outside of the minor sphere is half the volume of the major sphere if and only
if the volume of the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere. So you have to
request
4 4 3
1
=2ÿ =2 ÿ= .
3 3
3ÿ2
22
The axis of a segment is the line perpendicular to it and passing through its midpoint. The angular coefficient of
the straight line passing through the points (0,0) and (2,2) is
2-0
= = 1. 2
-0
The angular coefficient of the line + = 2, written in the form = - + 2, is the coefficient of the = ÿ1. Recalling the
ÿ ÿ
and it counts
condition of perpendicularity between lines ( = ÿ1) we have that the line = - + 2 the
is perpendicular
ÿ
segment to
considered. Also, the midpoint of the segment is = (
2+02+0
2, 2) = (1,1) and the line = - + 2 passes through this point. Therefore the answer is correct. ÿ in
Using the properties of the logarithm, we deduce that the answer is wrong. ÿ in question 53
on page 78
The distance of a point from a line is always non-negative.

To compare two numbers we can make the ratio and check if it is equal to 1. Using the properties of the powers
we have:
1/4
(81 ÿ64) 3 2
= = 21ÿ (3/4) = 21/4 ÿ 1.
2 3/4 3
32

The number 12 is even and is not prime, so it does not belong to. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in question
41 on page 66
23
Question 10
1/4
It's equal to
The number (81 ÿ64)
3
TO. ÿ page 55
ÿ2
3
B. ÿ page 73
2ÿ2
24
C. ÿ page 48
8
5/4 24
D. ÿ page 51
64
3
AND.
ÿ page 23
2
For example, if = ÿ2 <- 4ÿ5, the inequality is not verified. Therefore the answer is wrong.
second degree
2 - + 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = - 4 and, if = 3, ÿ = 5> 0. Hence
3 ± ÿ5
the equation admits the two distinct solutions = 2 . Therefore the answer is wrong.
It is immediate to observe (see figure) that the segments , And

divide the triangle in
are four congruent triangles.
24
Question 11
In a Cartesian plane, which of the following points is inside the triangle enclosed between the three
straight 1 ÿ = 0, 2 ÿ = 2 , 3 ÿ = - + 7?
A. = (3, 5) ÿ page 9
B. = (4, 4) ÿ page 63
C. = (1, ÿ3) ÿ page 43
D. = (3, 3) ÿ page 41
E. = (ÿ3, 2) ÿ page 16
Therefore the rhombus being, the union of two of these triangles, has an area R equal to the half of the
area of the triangle.
T.
Observed that the height of an equilateral triangle is obtained
multiplying the side by ÿ3 / 2, we have:
ÿ3
2
= 1
ÿ
T.
R. =
2 2 2
ÿ3 ÿ 22
2
= cm2 = ÿ3 cm2
4 2
The volume of the outside of the minor sphere is half the volume of the major sphere if and only if
the volume of the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere. Calculating the volumes
of the two spheres, it is deduced that the answer is wrong.
The amount of paint to tint the solids considered is proportional to the surface area
total. The total surface area of a cone with a height of 1 meter and a base with a radius of 1 meter is:
1
= ( 2 2ÿ2 +) m2 = (ÿ2 + 1) m2 .
cone
Comparing it, for example, with that of the cube, cube, the following holds:
cone > cube.

25
Question 12
For 0 ÿ ÿ the equation sin ( ) = 2 - has at least one solution if and only if
A. ÿ 1 ÿ page 60
B. 1 ÿ ÿ 2 ÿ page 14
C. ÿ 2 D. ÿ page 15
ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1 E. 1 ÿ ÿ ÿ page 37
3 ÿ page 75
The side of the triangle is a chord of the circumference that subtends an angle to the center equal to = If 23.
we use the chord theorem, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
For example, = 1 satisfies the equation. Therefore the answer is wrong.

Observing that in 18 years the ages of Luigi's two children will be 33 and 29, we deduce that the
answer is wrong.
Numbers = 0 and = 0 satisfy wrong. 2 2

+ = 0, but it is not <ÿ1. Therefore the answer is
Any natural number greater than 1 can be prime factorized. Therefore the answer
it is wrong.
26
Question 13
The sum of the internal angles of a non-regular hexagon A.
equals five flat angles B. cannot be calculated without further ÿ page 46 ÿ page
data 58 ÿ page 66 ÿ
C. equals 4 radians D. equals page 52 ÿ page
360 degrees E. equals six 18
right angles
The wheels used cover a total of 2 × 600 km = 1200 km. Therefore the answer is wrong.
ÿ3 2
The area of the triangle is equal to. Since
4
, the
so ittriangle
is proportional to
has a double side,2it follows that its area is exactly
four times that of. Therefore the answer is correct.
( 1.98 ) 2 < 22 = 4 < 5. Therefore the answer is wrong.

If we observe that a diagonal forms a triangle with two consecutive sides of the parallelogram, we can
deduce that the answer is wrong.
27
Question 14
In a parallelogram of perimeter 2 we have that:
A. at least one diagonal has a length equal to ÿ page 20

B. each diagonal is less than ÿ page 40 in length
C. each diagonal is longer than ÿ page 27
D. the sum of the diagonal lengths is less than ÿ page 47
,
E. one diagonal is longer than the other less than ÿ page 73
The wheels used cover a total of 2 × 600 km = 1200 km. Therefore the answer is
wrong.

Hence the , being the union of two of these triangles, it has an area half with respect to
rhombus triangle.Calculating the area of the triangle , we deduce that the answer is wrong.
28
Question 15
In the Cartesian plane the axis of the segment of extremes (0,0), (1, 1) has equation
A. = 1- ÿ page 83
2
B. = 2 - ÿ page 57
C. = 1 - ÿ page 31
2
D. = 1 - ÿ page 38
E. = 1- ÿ page 64
2
We observe that the diagonal of vale = ÿ2 ÿ. The circle has 1 has radius 1 = 2 , while the circle
= ÿ2 . By calculating the surface area of the two circles, we deduce that the answer is
2 radius 2 wrong.
For = ÿ1 the function ÿ 2 - is worth ÿ (ÿ1) 2 - (ÿ1) = 1 + 1 = 2. Therefore the answer is wrong.
It is immediate to observe (see figure) that the , And

segments are four congruent triangles.
29
Question 16
Given the equilateral triangle whose side measures 2 cm, are. , , the midpoints
respectively of the sides , , The rhombus area is
ÿ3
TO. cm2 ÿ page 24
2
B. 2 cm2 ÿ page 49
C.ÿ3 cm2 D. ÿ page 28
ÿ2 cm2 _ ÿ page 39
1
AND. cm2 ÿ page 29
ÿ3
If we remember that, for every ÿ ÿ, we have sin2 + cos2 = 1 and sin 2 = 2 sin cos, the , we deduce that
answer is wrong.
If the definition of distance of a point from a wrong line is used. , we deduce that the answer is
It applies:
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 - 2 sin ) | = 0 = ÿ3 ÿ 0.

30
Question 17
Which of the following statements holds for each pair of polynomials () and () of degree 3 with real
coefficients, with () ÿ - ( )?
A. () + () has grade 6 and () ÿ () has grade ÿ 6 B. () + () ÿ page 64 ÿ page

has grade
and 3() and () ÿ ()
ÿ () has has grade
degree ÿ 9 D.3 ()
C.+()()+has
() has grade
degree 36 18 ÿ page 43 ÿ
and () ÿ () has degree ÿ 6 E. () + () has degree ÿ 3 and () page 14 ÿ page
ÿ () has degree 6 15
Using the properties of the logarithm, we deduce that the answer is wrong. ÿ in question
53 on page 78
The line passing through the points and has an angular coefficient
= 1 - 0 = 1.
1-0
The midpoint of the segment is = ( 1 2, 1 2) . If you use the axis definition of a

segment, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
For example, the point (ÿ1,0) is different from the point (ÿ1,2), but it is not such that ÿ ÿ1. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
We observe that the diagonal of vale = ÿ2 ÿ. The circle has radius has radius 1 = 2,
while the circle
1
ÿ
2 2 = 2 . By calculating the surface area of the two circles, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
31
Question 18
Let be a real number greater than 1. The numeric expression
ÿÿÿ 2ÿ
log ÿ 5
2
It's equal to:

A. ÿ1 ÿ page 81
B. ÿ page 53
C. ÿ page 69
D. 0 ÿ page 42
E. +1 ÿ page 55
second degree
2 - + 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = - 4 and, if = ÿ3, ÿ = 5> 0. Hence
ÿ3 ± ÿ5
the equation admits the two distinct solutions = 2 . Therefore the answer is wrong.
If the definition of distance of a point from a wrong line is used. , we deduce that the answer is
The amount of asphalt needed is proportional to the area of the square. If you use the formula
when calculating the area of a circle, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
32
Question 19
4
The remainder of the division of the polynomial 5-3 + 3 times +1 is
A. ÿ1 ÿ page 84
B. 1 ÿ page 30
C. 3 ÿ page 19
D. 0 ÿ page 74
E. - 1 ÿ page 79
The amount of asphalt needed is proportional to the area of the square. If the square has a diameter
double than expected means that its radius is also double. So if it was the radius
2 2
that is, it is four times the ,
the expected one. Therefore the answer is correct.
The distance of a point from a line is the measure of the perpendicular segment conducted by the
point to the line. In the case in question, the line has equation = 2 and is perpendicular to the axis
of the abscissa. Hence the line perpendicular to and passing through the point = (ÿ4,2) has equation
= 2. The distance of the point from the line is equal to the distance between the points = (ÿ4.2) and = (2.2)
(intersection of the line with the line of equation = 2), and ÿ (ÿ4 - 2) 2 = 6.
The equation of a circle with center origin and radius = ÿ is:
2+
2 2
2+
2 .
For example, value = solves23 the equation, but is not written in the form = some integer +22 , for
value of. Therefore the answer is wrong.
33
Question 20
4 +3 2
The real-field equation A. - 4 = 0 has:
two positive solutions and no negative solutions B. no ÿ page 50

solutions ÿ page 26
C. one positive solution and one negative solution D. ÿ page ÿ 9
two negative solutions and no positive solution E. two page 82

positive solutions and two negative solutions ÿ page 52
2
Since the equation - 3 | | + 2 is an even function that does not vanish for = 0, just study
function for > 0, that is:
2
- 3 + 2 = 0, > 0.
If we use the solution formula of the second degree equations, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
Cos ( 4 ) + sin ( 4 ) = holds

ÿ2 + ÿ2
= ÿ2, so there is at least one value of for which it holds
2 2
cos + sin ÿ ÿ2. Therefore the answer is wrong.

It applies:
(- 2) = (- 2) 2 - (- 2) 3 = (- 2) 2 (1 - + 2) =
= (- 2) 2 (3 - ).

For example, the inequality 3ÿ 3 + 8 <0 is satisfied for = ÿ3. Therefore the answer is
wrong.
34
Question 21
The Santerno Rowing Club is made up of six rowers, all equally good and close-knit
Between them. He must send a representation of four athletes to the regional championship. In
how many different ways can such a representation be formed?
A. 720 ÿ page 21
B. 5 ÿ page 53
C. 15 ÿ page 74
D. 4 ÿ page 54
E. 6 ÿ page 57
( 3.01 ) 2 > 32 = 9> 8. Therefore the answer is wrong.

The amount of asphalt needed is proportional to the area of the square. If you use the formula
when calculating the area of a circle, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
For = 4 3 is valid:
ÿ2 ÿ2
(cos ( ) + sin ( )) | = 3 =- + = 0.
4 2 2
If we remember that, for every ÿ ÿ, we have sin2 + cos2 = 1 and sin 2 = 2 sin cos, , we deduce that
the answer is wrong.
35
If you use the definition of the axis of a segment, you can deduce that the answer is wrong.
Therefore:
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area ( )=2ÿ =ÿ .

2
If = 2 cm, using the Pythagorean theorem, we have:
- 2
=ÿ2 = ÿ4 - 1 cm = ÿ3 cm.
It follows
area( ) = ÿ = 1 ÿ ÿ3 cm2 = ÿ3 cm2 .

36
we use the chord theorem, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
We observe that the diagonal of vale = ÿ2 ÿ. The circle has radius 1 has radius 1 = 2 , while the circle
= ÿ
2 2 wrong. 2 . By calculating the surface area of the two circles, we deduce that the answer is
2
(- 1) 2 + (- 1) 2 =
2
The equation 2+ + 2 + 2 = 2 can be written as (+ 1) 2 + (+ 1) 2 = 4. Hence the answer
is wrong.
Obviously 2.52 is a rational number and, if we calculate (2.52) 2 = 6.3504, or we observe

that 6.25 = (2.5) 2 < (2.52) 2 < (2.6) 2 = 6.76, we have 5 < (2.52) 2 = 6.3504 < 8. Therefore the answer is
right.
For example, if = 0, the equation becomes sin ( ) = 2, but, for 0 ÿ ÿ it assumes all , the sin ( ) function
37
= 1 - 0 = 1.
1-0
The midpoint of the angular is = ( 1 2 , 1 2) . The axis of is perpendicular to and hence ha = ÿ1.
ÿ
=- 1
coefficient segment Furthermore it passes by and its equation is
- 1= 1
2 ÿ (- 2 ) ÿ = - + 1.

It applies:
2
27 = 49, ÿ47 = 47, (ÿ3 + ÿ27) 2 = (ÿ3 + 3ÿ3) 2 = 48.

The equation of a circle with center (ÿ4.0) and radius = ÿ + 2 is:
(+ 4) 2 +
2 = 2
ÿ 2+ 2 + 8 + 16 = + 2.
= while circle 2 ,
We observe that the diagonal of vale = ÿ2 ÿ. The circle has radius 1 has radius 1
= ÿ
2 2 wrong. 2 . By calculating the surface area of the two circles, we deduce that the answer is
The amount of asphalt needed is proportional to the area of the square. If we use the formula for calculating
the area of a circle, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
38
The number (ÿ5 ÿ ÿ8) / 2 is not rational since (ÿ5 ÿ ÿ8) / 2 = ÿ10 and there is no
rational number whose square is 10. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in
For example, the inequality 3ÿ 3 + 8 <0 is not satisfied for = ÿ1 < 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The students who passed the exam at the first session represent a fraction of 30 total, therefore the of the

students who remain after the first session are the ones who passed the exam at the second session
100
10 70 × 100
are a fraction of the total equal to Therefore the answer is wrong. 100 = 7 100 .
The rectangle that has two sides coinciding with two parallel sides of the hexagon has a base equal to and
ÿ3
height equal to the double of the apothem. For the regular hexagon on the side the apothem is = therefore
2
And
the area of the rectangle is = ÿ (2) = ÿ3 2 . Therefore the answer is correct.


39
Hence the rhombus , being the union of two of these triangles, it has an area half with respect to
triangle. Calculating
the area of the triangle , we deduce that the answer is wrong.
In a parallelogram the opposite sides are equal and therefore the sum of the lengths of two sides
consecutive is equal to half of the perimeter, ie a. Observed that a diagonal forms, with
two consecutive sides of the parallelogram, a triangle, its length is smaller
from . Therefore the answer is correct.
For example, = 0 is not a solution of the equation so = 2 , for = 0, it is not a solution.

Numbers = 0 and = 0 satisfy 2

2+ = 0, but it is not > . Therefore the answer is wrong.
The angular coefficient of the straight line passing through the coordinate points (1, 0) and (0,1) is equal to
1-0
= = ÿ1.
0-1
The line = - 1 can be written in the form = + 1 and therefore its angular coefficient is
ÿ
= 1 ÿ . Therefore the answer is wrong.
2
The area of the triangle is equal ÿ3
4
. Since the triangle has a double side, we deduce that the answer
to is wrong.
40
2
Being ÿ 0 and 2 2 2 2
= 0 it immediately
ÿ 0, the implies
condition
= 0 and 2=+ 0. Therefore the = 0 and = 0, from which it follows
answer is correct.
For = is valid:
2
(cos ( ) + sin ( )) | = = 0 + 1 ÿ 0.
2

Using the properties of the logarithm, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
Number 30 is not prime. Therefore the answer is wrong.

For example, = 1 satisfies the equation. Therefore the answer is wrong.

The intersection of with 2 is the point (0,0), that of 1 1 with 3 is the point (7,0), that of 2 with
7 14
3 is the point ( 3 , 3 ) . Therefore the triangle is found in the first quadrant (see figure) and has for
base the segment of the axis delimited by the points (0,0) and (7,0). Its internal points satisfy the
conditions:
0 << 7, 0 <<2 , 0 <<- + 7.
41
2
7 14
(3, 3)
(3, 3)
(0.0)
(7.0)
Point (3, 3) satisfies all three conditions. Therefore the answer is correct.
Called the edge of the cube, the radius of the inscribed sphere is = 2 . If we use the formulas for calculating
the volumes of the two solids, we can deduce that the answer is wrong.
It applies:
5
2 12
2 + 21 2
2ÿ =
ÿ
= = = 1.
5 5 5 5
2 2 2 2
Therefore:
log ÿÿÿ
2ÿ = log ÿ1 = log 1 = 0. ÿ
5
2

Observing that in 18 years the ages of Luigi's two children will be 33 and 29, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
If we make use of the properties of powers with the same basis, we deduce that the answer is wrong. ÿ in
42
Question 22
Luigi has two children aged 15 and 11. In 18 years his age will be equal to the sum of the ages that
the children will have. How old is Luigi today?
A. 30 ÿ page 26 ÿ page
B. cannot be said C. 42 ÿ page 51 ÿ
52 page 50 ÿ page
D. 26 67
E. 44
The degree of a polynomial in the variable is the maximum degree of the monomials that compose it (evidently
the coefficient of the maximum degree monomial is not zero). The sum of degree 3 polynomials is a polynomial
that contains monomials that are at most third degree. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The quantity of paint to tint the solids considered is proportional to the total surface area. The total surface
area of a cylinder with a radius of 1 meter and a height of 1 meter is:
cylinder = (2 + 2) m2 = 4 m2 .
cylinder > cube.

The intersection of with 2 3 ) is thethe

. So point (0,0), that
assigned of 1
triangle with 3 is the point (7,0), that of 1 is 2 with 3
7 14
the point 3 , is in the first quadrant and has one side on the axis
. ( The point (1, - 3) does not belong to the first quadrant. Therefore the answer is wrong.
43
Question 23
In a Cartesian plane, which of the following lines is parallel to the line passing through the points
of coordinates (1, 0) and (0,1)?
A. 2 + 3 = 0 ÿ page 85
B. = - 1 ÿ page 40
C. = 2 ÿ page 85
D. + = 3 ÿ page 59
E. = 1 ÿ page 76
The function - 32| | + 2 is an even function that does not vanish for = 0. It follows that, if the equation admits
one solution, it also admits another one (its opposite).
they are even in number. Therefore the answer is wrong.
For = holds:
(cos ( ) + sin ( )) | = = ÿ1 + 0 ÿ 0.

1
cm.
It is worth <2 < , therefore cos 2 < 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.
2
44
Question 24
The inequality cos + sin ÿ ÿ2 occurs in the interval 0 ÿ ÿ 2 for:
A. each ÿ page 71
B. = - 4 ÿ page 60
C. at least one value of such that << ÿ page 15
2
D. = 4 ÿ page 68
E. none ÿ page 34
The equation of a circle with center ( 0 , 0 ) and radius is

2 2 2.
(- 0) + (- 0)
=
2 - 2 - 2
The equation ÿ3 2 + ÿ3 2 - 2 - 2 = 0 is equivalent to the equation 2+ = 0,
ÿ3 ÿ3
2 2
2 2 2
- = 0. It follows =
or (- 1 ÿ3) 3 3, that is = ÿ 2 3 . Therefore the answer is
+ (- 1 ÿ3)
right.
2
(- 1) 2 + (- 1) 2 =
2
The equation 2 + - 2 - 2 + 1 = 0 can be written as (- 1) 2 + (- 1) 2 = 1. Hence it
represents the circle with center C and radius 1 and this circle is evidently tangent
to the axis of. Therefore the answer is correct.
It is easy to verify that, for example, even = 0 satisfies the proposed equation. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
45
Question 25
If and are real numbers such that 2 + 2

= 0 then we can conclude that it certainly is:
A. > ÿ page 40
B. <ÿ1 ÿ page 26
C. + = 1 ÿ page 19
D. + = 0 ÿ page 41
AND. >0 ÿ page 83
The sum of the internal angles of a polygon, regular or non-regular, having sides is equal to (ÿ2)
flat corners. Therefore the answer is wrong.
For example, if = ÿ2 <ÿ1, then:

+3 1
= ÿ2 + 3 = < 2.
+1 | = ÿ2 ÿ2 + 1 ÿ1

If we remember that, for every ÿ ÿ, we have sin2 + cos2 = 1 and sin 2 = 2 sin , we deduce that
cos, the answer is wrong.
46
Question 26
The prime factorization of the number 3013 is: A. 2

153 127 13 B. 2 133 135 13 C. 3013 D. 6 135 13 E. ÿ page 12 ÿ page
impossible 49 ÿ page 41 ÿ
page 66 ÿ page
26
Let and be the length and radius of the circumference, respectively, and let and ÿ be the perimeter and
side of the triangle, respectively. Since the side of the triangle is a chord of the circumference that subtends
2
an angle to the center equal to = 3 , for the chord theorem the following holds:
ÿ = 2 sin 2 = 2 sin = ÿ3 .
3
It follows:
2 2
= = = = 2ÿ3 .
2 3ÿ 9
3ÿ3 3ÿ3
Having observed that one side of the parallelogram forms a triangle with half of each diagonal, we have that
each side measures less than the half sum of the lengths of the diagonals. So the perimeter is smaller than
double the sum of the diagonal lengths. In other words, the sum of the diagonal lengths is greater than.
Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in question 14 on page 28
The distance of a point from a line is always non-negative.

47
Question 27
3 2
Given any positive real number, then log ( ) - log ( ) is equal to
5
A. log ) ÿ page 39
3 2
( B. log ) / log ( ) ÿ page 63
( C. log ( ) ÿ page 48
D. 0 ÿ page 32
3 - 2
E. log ( ) ÿ page 16
Using the properties of the logarithm we have:

3 2
log ( ) - log ( ) = 3 log ( ) - 2 log ( ) = log ( )

To compare two numbers you can make the ratio and check if it is equal to 1. Using le
properties of the powers we have:
1/4
(81 ÿ64) 3 2 15/4

= = 2 (15/4) - (3/4) ÿ3 = 1.
24 2 3/4 2 3 ÿ 3
8 5/4

second degree
2 - + 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = - 4 and, if = ÿ1, ÿ = ÿ3> 0. Hence
the equation admits no solutions. Therefore the answer is wrong.
48
Question 28
Give two concentric spheres of radius 1 and (with < 1) what value it must take so that
is the volume of the part outside the smaller sphere half the volume of the larger sphere?
1
A. = ÿ3 ÿ page 28
1
B. = 3ÿ3 ÿ page 25
1
C. = ÿ page 22
3ÿ2
D. = 2 1 1 ÿ page 62
E. = ÿ page 36
ÿ2
Using the properties of the logarithm, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
It is immediate to observe (see figure) that the , And

segments are four congruent triangles.
Since the prime factorization of the number 30 is 30 = 2 ÿ 3 ÿ 5, it holds
3013 = (2 ÿ 3 ÿ 5) 13 = 213 ÿ 313 ÿ 513 .

49
The inequality is not verified for = ÿ5. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The polynomial considered is an even function and therefore, if the equation admits a positive solution, it also
admits a negative one (its opposite). Therefore the answer is wrong.
The rectangle that has two sides coinciding with two parallel sides of the hexagon is contained in the hexagon
and therefore in the circle circumscribed to it. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in question 29 on page 52
wrong.
It is sufficient to observe that = ÿ1 ÿ 1 the inequality loses meaning and therefore this value cannot be a
solution. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If sphere and cube are, respectively, the volume of the sphere and of the cube, since the sphere is contained in the cube, the
following holds:
ball < 1.
cube
4
On the other hand 3
> 1. Therefore the answer is wrong.
50
To compare two numbers we can make the ratio and check if it is equal to 1. Using the properties of the
powers we have:
1/4
(81 ÿ64) = 632=

26ÿ (3/4) ÿ3 = 29/4 ÿ 1. 2 3/4 2 3 ÿ 3
24
64

wrong.
It applies:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10 (10 ÿ ÿ2).

Using the properties of the powers we have:
1/3 1/3 1/3

20
(3 + 320 + 320) = (3 ÿ 320) = (3 21) = 73
= 3.
(33) 2
36 36 36

The amount of asphalt needed is proportional to the area of the square. If we use the formula for calculating
the area of a circle, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
51
Question 29
Given a regular hexagon of side two , the area of the rectangle that has two sides coincident with
parallel sides of the hexagon is equal to:
A. 2ÿ2 2 B. ÿ page 12
ÿ3 2 C. that ÿ page 39
of the circumscribed circle in hexagon D. 2 ÿ page 50
2
ÿ page 15
E. that of the circle inscribed in the hexagon ÿ page 22
2
Place = , the equation becomes 2+ 3 - 4 = 0. If we use the solution formula of the equations of
second degree, it is deduced that the answer is wrong.
The number 98 is even and it is not prime, so it does not belong to. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If sphere and cube are, respectively, the volume of the sphere and of the cube, since the sphere is contained
in the cube it is:
ball < 1.
cube
2
On the other hand
3
> 1. Therefore the answer is wrong.
52
Question 30
1 , with non-zero real, it admits one and only one solution if

The equation + =
A. = 1 ÿ page 22 ÿ
B. = 3 page 24 ÿ page
C. = ÿ3 32 ÿ page 48 ÿ
D. = ÿ1 page 72
E. = 2
It is a question of calculating the number of subsets of 4 athletes that can be formed by the set of
6 rowers. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If we make use of the properties of the logarithm and of the powers, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
If you remember that the equation of a circle with center ( 0 , 0 ) and radius is
2 2 2
(- 0) + (- 0)
= ,
it occurs that the answer is wrong.

Using the properties of the powers we have:
+1
2ÿ2
=
2 = 1.
2 +1
ÿ4 +1
53
The relationship is valid:

(- 2) = (- 2) 2 - (- 2) 3 .
of the 6 rowers. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Since the equation 2

- 3 | | + 2 is an even function that does not vanish for = 0, just study
function for > 0, that is:
2 > 0.
- 3 + 2 = 0,
Using the solution formula of the second degree equations, the solutions of the previous equation are 1 =
2, both positive. =
So1 the
andsolutions of the proposed equation are
2 the numbers just found and their opposites:
= 1, = 2, = ÿ1 and 3 = ÿ2.
1 2 4

For values of such that sin ÿ 0 the assigned equation is equivalent to
sin2 = 1.
It is easy to recognize that one of the other answers is correct. Therefore the answer is wrong.
54
To compare two numbers we can make the ratio and check if it is equal to 1. Using the properties of the powers
we have:
1/4
1/2
(81 ÿ64) =
3 2
= 2 (1/2) - (3/4) = 2ÿ1 / 4 ÿ 1.
3 2 3/4 3
ÿ2

ÿ3 2
The area of the triangle is equal to is4 . Since the triangle has a double side, we deduce that the answer
wrong.
For = the following applies: 4
ÿ2
(cos ( ) + sin ( )) | = = ÿ2 + ÿ 0.
4 2 2
The quantity of paint to tint the solids considered is proportional to the total surface area. We summarize the
values obtained for each solid in a table.
55
Question 31
The semicircle of diameter is removed from the semicircle of diameter = 2 cm and center
. The figure thus obtained is rotated around with a 360ÿ turn . The volume of the
solid obtained is
25
TO. cm3 ÿ page 11
3
7
B. cm3 ÿ page 65
6
5
C. cm3 ÿ page 44
6
D. 4 cm3 28 ÿ page 18
AND. cm3 ÿ page 60
3
Solid Total surface area

1
cone 1 meter high cone
= ( 2 2ÿ2 +) m2
and base of 1 meter radius
= (ÿ2 + 1) m2
sphere with a radius of 1 meter ball = 4 m2
1 meter side cube cube = 6 m2
ÿ3 m2 = ÿ3 m2
tetrahedron of side 1 me tetrahedron =4ÿ
4
tro
cylinder with a radius of 1 cylinder = (2 + 2) m2 = 4 m2

meter and a height of 1 meter
Observed that 4> (ÿ2 + 1)> 2 ÿ 3 = 6> ÿ3, the following holds:
ball
= cylinder > cone > cube > tetrahedron.

56
Question 32
All other conditions being equal (material, roughness, cleanliness, etc.), less paint is needed to
paint:
A. a cone (circular right) 1 meter high and base with 1 meter radius ÿ page 25 B. a sphere with 1
meter radius ÿ page 65 C. a cube with 1 meter side ÿ page 64 D. a pyramid havingthat all are
the faces
equilateral triangles (tetrahedron) with side 1 ÿ page 55 E. a cylinder (circular right) with a radius
of 1 meter and a
height of 1 meter ÿ page 43
meter
It applies:
3 ÿ3 ÿ3 = 0.
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 - 2 sin ) | = = ÿ3 + -2
3 4 4 2
Hence = 3
it is solution of the equation. It is also unique in the interval 0 ÿ ÿ 2
Why,
using the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1, the equation is equivalent to
sin = ÿ3 .
2

= 1 - 0 = 1.
1-0

It is a question of calculating the number of subsets of 4 athletes that can be formed by the set of 6 rowers.
57
Question 33
2 2
Polynomial 12 - 18 is divisible by
A. ÿ6 (-) ÿ page 81
B.ÿ2 - ÿ3 ÿ page 60
C. 12 + 18 ÿ page 83
D. 12 - 18 ÿ page 20
E. - ÿ page 69
For example, if = 0, the inequality is not verified. Therefore the answer is wrong.
2 2 = 2
(- 0) + (- 0) ,

58
Question 34
2
The equation - 3 | | + 2 = 0 has:
A. four solutions B. ÿ page 54

three solutions ÿ page 44
C. two solutions ÿ page 34
D. only one solution ÿ page 79
E. no solution ÿ page 41
1-0
= = ÿ1.
0-1
The line + = 3 can be written in the form = - + 3 and therefore its angular coefficient
is = ÿ1 = . Since the angular coefficients are equal, it follows that the lines considered are
ÿ
parallel. Therefore the answer is correct.

It applies:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10 (10 ÿ ÿ2).
For example, if = 2 ÿ 1, then:
+3 5
= 2+3 = < 2.
+1 | =2 2+1 3

59
Question 35
2 - 3
If () = , then (- 2) holds
TO. 2 - 3+2 ÿ page 20

B. (3 -) (- 2) 2 C. ÿ page 34
none of the other answers 3 D. - 2 ÿ page 80
2 - ÿ page 54
AND.
2-2- 3+2 ÿ page 63
Recall that a polynomial is divisible by a second polynomial if a third polynomial exists

that multiplied by the second gives as a result the starting polynomial. It applies:
2 2
12 2 - 18 = 6 (2 2 - 3 ) = 6 (ÿ2 + ÿ3) (ÿ2 - ÿ3 ).

1 cm.
For example, if = 3, the equation becomes sin ( ) = ÿ1, but, for 0 ÿ ÿ it assumes all , the sin ( ) function
ÿ2 - ÿ2
= 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Cos (- 4 ) + sin (- 4 ) = holds 2 2
60
Question 36
In the Cartesian plane the equation
2+ 2+4= ,
with positive real number, it is:
A. the equation of a circle with center (ÿ2.0) and radius ÿ + 4 ÿ page 61

B. the equation of a circle with center (0, - 4) and radius ÿ + 2 ÿ page 21
C. the equation of a circle with center origin and radius ÿ ÿ page 33
D. the equation of a circle with center (ÿ4.0) and radius ÿ + 2 ÿ page 38
E. the equation of a circle with center (0, - 2) and radius ÿ + 4 ÿ page 83
The equation of a circle with center (ÿ2.0) and radius = ÿ + 4 is:
2 2 2 + 4 + 4 = + 4.
2+
The previous equation coincides with the one assigned. Therefore the answer is correct.
If we make use of the properties of powers with the same basis, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
For example, if = 0, the inequality is not verified. Therefore the answer is wrong.
For example, the point (0,2) is different from the point (ÿ1,2), but it is not such that ÿ 2. Therefore the answer
it is wrong.
61
Question 37
The following expression:

1/3
20
(3 + 320 + 320)
(33) 2
is worth
2 A. 3 ÿ page 72 ÿ page
B. 1 36 ÿ page 51
C. 3
1
D. ÿ page 81
3
1
AND.
ÿ page 66
9
Called the edge of the cube, the radius of the inscribed sphere is = / 2. So the volume of the cube is equal to
= sphere
cube , that of the
3
is equal to sphere . It follows: = 3
4 3 = 3
6
3
ball 6
= = .
cube
3 6

The volume of the part outside the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere if and only if the
volume of the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere. By calculating the volumes of the two
spheres, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
The students who passed the exam at the first session represent a fraction of 30 total, therefore the of the
70
students who remain after the first session are the ones who passed the exam 100 of the total. Students who
100 at the second session
are a fraction of the total equal to Therefore the answer is wrong.

10 70 × 100
100 =
7 100 .
62
Question 38
A sphere is inscribed in a cube; the ratio between the volume of the sphere and that of the cube is:
A. / 4 ÿ page 42 ÿ page
B. /6 62 ÿ page 52 ÿ
C. 2/3 page 50 ÿ page 17
D. 4/3
AND. /2
It applies:
(- 2) = (- 2) 2 - (- 2) 3 .
It applies:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10 (10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10 (10) + log10 ( ÿ2) =

= 1 - 2 log10 = 1 - 2 ( ).
The intersection of with 2 the is the (point

point 3 ) . (0,0), that of
Therefore the1 with 3 is the point (7,0), that of 1 is 2 with 3
7 14
assigned triangle
3 , onis
the
located
axis.Itinisthe
easy
first
to quadrant
verify thatand
thehas
point
a side
(4,4) is not inside the triangle which has as vertices (0,0),
. (7,0) and
7 14
( 3 , 3 ) . Therefore the answer is wrong.
63
Question 39
With respect to a Cartesian reference system orthogonal from the the different points of the plane
, that:
point (ÿ1,2) there are all and only the points () such
A. ÿ 2 B. ÿ ÿ page 61 ÿ page
ÿ2 C. ÿ ÿ1
D. ÿ 84 ÿ page 31 ÿ
ÿ1 or ÿ 2 E. ÿ page 16 ÿ page
ÿ1 and ÿ 2 84
(evidently the coefficient of the maximum degree monomial is not zero). The sum of degree 3 polynomials
is a polynomial that contains monomials that are at most third degree. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The quantity of paint to tint the solids considered is proportional to the total surface area. The total surface
area of a cube with side 1 meter is worth:
cube
= 6 m2 .
Comparing it, for example, with that of the tetrahedron, tetrahedron, it is worth:
cube > tetrahedron.

= 1 - 0 = 1.
1-0

64
Question 40
In a Cartesian plane, the circumference with the center of coordinates (1,1) is tangent to the axis
of the ha equation
TO. 2+ 2+2+2=2 ÿ page 37
B. 2+ 2-2+2=0 ÿ page 74
C. 2+ 2-2-2+1=0 ÿ page 45
D. 2+ 2-2-2=0 ÿ page 10
AND. 2+ 2-2-2=1 ÿ page 85
The amount of paint to tint the solids considered is proportional to the surface area
total. The total surface area of a sphere with a radius of 1 meter is:
= 4 m2 .
ball
sphere > cube.

1 cm. His
The solid obtained is a sphere with a radius of 1 cm from which a sphere with a radius volume 2
is removed
4 1 4 1
13 -
= (43 3 ( 2 ) 3 ) cm3 = 3 (1 - ( 2 ) 3 ) cm3 =
= 4 × 7 cm3 = 7 cm3 .
3 8 6

65
Question 41
Be the set of odd or prime positive integers. So it is true that:

A. 12 ÿ ÿ page 23 ÿ
B. 98 ÿ page 52 ÿ page
C. 13 ÿ 20 ÿ page 19 ÿ
D. 2 ÿ page 84
E. 3 ÿ
It is worth
2 <2 < . Therefore the answer is wrong.
If we make use of the properties of powers with the same basis, we deduce that the answer is wrong. ÿ
in question 43 on page 68
Number 6 is not prime. Therefore the answer is wrong.

The sum of the internal angles of a polygon, regular or non-regular, having sides is equal to (ÿ2) flat
angles. Thus, the sum of the internal angles of a hexagon is equal to 4 radians. Therefore the answer is
correct.
66
Question 42
The equation ÿ 2 - = 0 is verified
A. only for = ÿ1 B. ÿ page 29

only for ÿ 0 C. only ÿ page 11
for = 0 D. only for = ÿ page 14
1 E. for each real ÿ page 45
value of ÿ page 18
(- 0)
2
+ (- 0)
2 = 2
,

In 18 years, the ages of Luigi's two children will be 33 and 29. So Luigi's age will be (33 + 29)
years, that is 62 years. It can be deduced that today Luigi is (62-18) years old, that is 44 years old. Therefore the answer
it's right.

(1) (+ ) 2 = 1 two lines 1 ÿ + = ÿ1 and 2 ÿ + = 1
2

0
67
Question 43
Which of the following equalities is verified whatever the real numbers and?
A. 3 + 3- =3
2ÿ 2
ÿ page 66
B. 3 + 3- 2
ÿ page 80
= (3)
2 2
C. 3 + 3- =3 -3 ÿ page 42
2
D. 3 + 3- =3 ÿ page 61
E. 3 + 3- ÿ page 20
= 3 (3 3 - )
(ÿ1.0) 2
3
(0, ÿ1) 1

For example, the inequality 3ÿ 3 + 8 <0 is not satisfied for = 0 < 1. Hence the answer
it is wrong.
ÿ2 + ÿ2 = ÿ2. Therefore the answer is correct.

Cos ( 4 ) + sin ( 4 ) = holds 2 2
For values of such that sin ÿ 0 the assigned equation is equivalent to
sin2 = 1 ÿ sin = ± 1.
So the solutions are = 2

+ , for any integer value of. Therefore the answer is correct.
68
Question 44
In the Cartesian plane how many points are there , ) for which all three are verified
( following conditions?
2
(+ ) 2 = 1, 2+ = 1, + ÿ 0
A. One ÿ page 75
B. Two ÿ page 13
C. Infiniti ÿ page 67
D. None ÿ page 82
E. Four ÿ page 70
ÿ3 2
The area of the triangle is equal 4 . Since the triangle has a double side, we deduce that the answer
to is wrong.
Recalling that a polynomial is divisible by a second polynomial if there exists a third polynomial
mine which multiplied by the second gives as a result the starting polynomial, we deduce that the
answer is wrong.
The side of the triangle is a chord of the circumference that subtends an angle to the center 23.
equal to = If we use the chord theorem, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
69
Question 45
The solutions of the trigonometric equation

1
sin =
since
I am
A. = / 2 + , for every integer value ÿ page 68

of B. none of the other answers C. = / 2, for ÿ page 54
every integer value of, for every integer ÿ page 40
every integer value of
value of D. = 3/2 + 2 , for ÿ page 14
E. = / 2 + 2 ÿ page 33

(1) (+ ) 2 = 1 two lines 1 ÿ + = ÿ1 and 2 ÿ + = 1
2

0
(ÿ1.0) 2
3
(0, ÿ1)
1

70
Question 46
Let be a square with side ÿ, 1

the circumscribed circle a 2 the circle inscribed in, . The
the ratio of the surface area of 1 and the surface area of 2

is worth
A. 4 ÿ page 38
B. 2 ÿ page 76
C.ÿ2 _ ÿ page 29
D. varies as ÿ varies ÿ page 31
E. 2ÿ2 ÿ page 37
For << 3
2 it holds sin <0 and cos < 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Therefore:
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area ( )=2ÿ =ÿ .

2
If = 4 cm, using the Pythagorean theorem, it can be calculated that it is and deduce that the answer
wrong.
71
Question 47
Let be an isosceles right triangle. Then the sum of the cosines of the interior angles of
It's equal to
A. 2 ÿ page 12 ÿ page
B. 1 29 ÿ page 40 ÿ
C.ÿ3 D. page 76 ÿ page
1 + ÿ2 E. ÿ2 81
It applies:
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 - 2 sin ) | = = ÿ3 - 2 ÿ 0.

2

The solutions of the considered equation must be numbers ÿ 0 that satisfy the second degree equation
2 - + 1 = 0.
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = 2ÿ4 and, if = 2, it holds ÿ = 0. Therefore the equation
admits the only solution = 2. Therefore the answer is correct.
72
Question 48
From an external point to a circumference with a center and radius of 1 cm, the tangents to this
circumference that meet it at points and are traced. The area of the polygon is ÿ3 cm2 if the
distance of from is
A. 3 cm ÿ page ÿ 9
B. 2 cm page 36 ÿ page
C. 4 cm 71
ÿ3
D. cm ÿ page 21
2
3
AND. cm ÿ page 10
2
To compare two numbers we can make the ratio and check if it is equal to 1. Using the properties of the
powers we have:
1/4
3/2
(81 ÿ64) 3 2
= = 2 (3/2) - (3/4) = 23/4 ÿ 1.
3 2 3/4 3
2ÿ2

If we observe that a diagonal forms a triangle with two consecutive sides of the parallelogram, we can
deduce that the answer is wrong.
73
Question 49
+3
The set of solutions of the inequality ÿ 2 consists of all real numbers
+1
such that
A. ÿ1 <ÿ 2 ÿ 1 C. ÿ page 83
B. ÿ1 ÿ page 50
ÿ page 59
D. <ÿ1 ÿ page 46
E. ÿ1 <ÿ 1 ÿ page 16
2
(- 1) 2 + (- 1) 2 =
2+ 2
The equation - 2 + 2 = 0 can be written as (- 1) 2 + (+ 1) 2 = 2. Hence the answer
is wrong.
of the 6 rowers. This number is equal to
6 6! = 5 ÿ 6 = 15.
( 4 ) = 4! (6 - 4)! 2

74
Question 50
For 0 ÿ ÿ / 2, the equation ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 - 2 sin = 0 has a solution

A. = / 3 ÿ page 57
B. = / 6 ÿ page 19
C. = / 4 ÿ page 79
D. = 0 ÿ page 30
E. = / 2 ÿ page 72
For example, if = 3, the equation becomes sin ( ) = ÿ1, but, for 0 ÿ ÿ it , the sin ( ) function
assumes all and only the values between 0 and 1. Therefore the answer is wrong.

(1) (+ ) 2 = 1 two lines 1 ÿ + = ÿ1 and 2 ÿ + = 1
2 2
(2) + = 1 circumference with center origin and radius 1
(3) +ÿ0 half plane that lies under the line + = 0 3 ÿ
(ÿ1.0) 2
3
(0, ÿ1)
1
75
Question 51
A rational number between ÿ5 and ÿ8 is:
A. 2.52 B. ÿ page 37 ÿ page

1.98 C. 27 ÿ page 35 ÿ
3.01 page 39
D. (ÿ5 ÿ ÿ8) / 2 E.
(ÿ5 + ÿ8) / 2 ÿ page 20

=
We observe that the diagonal of vale = ÿ2 ÿ. The circle has radius 1 has radius 1 while circle 2 ,
= ÿ
2 2 2. The required report is valid:
area ( 1 ) =
(2 ) = 2 ÿ2
ÿ 2
= 2.
area ( 2 ) ÿ2
(2 )
1-0
= = ÿ1. 0 -
1
The line = 1 is a horizontal line. Therefore the answer is wrong.

Recalling that the sum of the internal angles of a triangle is equal to a flat angle, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
76
Question 52
30% of students enrolled in a university course passed the exam related to the course
at the first appeal. If, of the remaining students enrolled, 10% pass the exam at the second session,
students who still have to pass the exam after the first two sessions will be:
A. 37% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 84

B. 63% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 77
C. 70% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 39
D. 60% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 10
E. 40% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 62
70
total, therefore the students who remain after the first session are those who 100
100 of the total. The students
10 70 7
passed the exam at the second session are a fraction of the total equal to Therefore the ×
100 100 = 100 .
students who still have to pass the exam after the second session are a fraction
30 7 63
of the total equal to 1 - 100 - 100 =
100 . Therefore the answer is correct.
ÿ on page 87
It applies:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10 (10 ÿ ÿ2).

If it is a real number, then:

4
+ 5 ÿ 5> 0.
Therefore the inequality is never verified. Therefore the answer is correct.

77
Question 53
The expression
log10 3ÿ 2 + 1 ÿ log10 1000

is valid:
1000 ( 2 + 1)
A. log10 3 ÿ page 31
2
B. log10 + 1) ÿ page 12
( C. log10 3ÿ 2 + 1 + log10 1000 3 ÿ page 23

1 2
D. + 1)] (1000 ÿ page 41
log10 [1000 ( E. log10
3ÿ 2 + 1) ÿ page 49
for centers it contains the point of tangency between the circles. Therefore, said the center of is internal , self
to and is different from considered the straight

, points line passing
through through
which the and in center
two tangent , this
two points,
circles lineare
which
passintersects
the
through.

It is worth
2
<2 < , therefore sin 2> 0 and cos 2 < 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Recalling that, for every ÿ ÿ, we have sin2 + cos2 = 1 and sin 2 = 2 sin cos , is valid:
2 2 2
- 2 sin cos =
( syn 12 - cos 12) = ( sin 12) + ( cos 12) 12 12
1 1
= 1 - sin 6 =1- = .
2 2

It is worth
2 <2 < . Therefore the answer is wrong.
78
Question 54
The expression
2
( syn 12 - cos 12)
is also equal to: A.
1 - ÿ3 / 2 ÿ page 30 ÿ page
B. 3/2 35
C. 1 - ÿ2 / 2 ÿ page 17 ÿ page
D. 1/2 78 ÿ page 46
E. 1
It applies:
1 1 ÿ2
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 - 2 sin ) | = = ÿ3 +ÿ3 -2 ÿ 0.
4 2 2 2
we use the chord theorem, we deduce that the answer is wrong. ÿ in question 1 on page 11
The function - 3 2| | + 2 is an even function that does not vanish for = 0. It follows that, if the equation admits
one solution, it also admits another (its opposite). Therefore the solutions are even number. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
79
Question 55
A team of workers has to tarmac a circular pitch. Arriving on the spot, she discovers that the square
has a double diameter than expected. How much asphalt is needed, compared to the one estimated?
A. You cannot answer if you don't know either the expected or the actual radius ÿ page 35 ÿ
page 32 ÿ page
2
B. A quantity C. times that expected 51 ÿ page 33 ÿ
The double D. The page 38
quadruple E. A
quantity 2 times that expected
It applies:
(- 2) = (- 2) 2 - (- 2) 3 .
(- 2
+ (- 2 = 2
,
0) 0)

Making use of the properties of powers with the same basis, we have:
3 + 3- =3 ++- 2.
= 32 = (3)

80
Question 56
With respect to an orthogonal Cartesian reference system of , the circumference is given

equation ÿ3 2 + ÿ3 2 - 2 - 2 = 0. Then its radius is: A. ÿ2 / 3
ÿ page 45 ÿ
B. 3 page 58 ÿ page
C. ÿ3 80 ÿ page 53 ÿ
D. 1 page 67
E. 2
Recalling that a polynomial is divisible by a second polynomial if there is a third polynomial mine that
multiplied by the second gives as a result the starting polynomial, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
Recalling that the sum of the internal angles of a triangle is equal to a flat angle, the measurement of
the other two internal angles (which are equal) is obtained by calculating (180ÿ - 90ÿ ) / 2 = 45ÿ . Hence
the sum of the cosines of the internal angles of is equal to
ÿ2 ÿ2
cos 90ÿ + cos 45ÿ + cos 45ÿ = 0 + + = ÿ2
2 2

81

(1) (+ ) 2 = 1 two lines 1 ÿ + = ÿ1 and 2 ÿ + = 1
2
(3) +ÿ0 half plane that lies under the line + = 0 3ÿ
(ÿ1.0) 2
3
(0, ÿ1)
1

For = 0 the following holds:
(cos ( ) + sin ( )) | = 0 = 1 + 0 ÿ 0.

The considered polynomial is an even function and therefore, if the equation admits a solution
negative, it also admits a positive one (its opposite). Therefore the answer is wrong.
82
The equation of a circle with center (0, - 2) and radius = ÿ + 4 is:
2 2 ÿ 2 + 4 + 4 = + 4.
+ (+ 2) 2 = 2+
= 1 - 0 = 1.
1-0

Two circles with distinct centers are mutually tangent if and only if the line passing through the centers
contains the point of tangency between the circles. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Recalling that a polynomial is divisible by a second polynomial if there is a third polynomial mine that
multiplied by the second gives as a result the starting polynomial, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
For example, if = 2, then:

+3 = 2 + = 5 < 2.
+1| =2 32+1 3
Numbers = 0 and = 0 satisfy 2 + 2

= 0, but it is not > . Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in
83
For example, the point (ÿ1,0) is different from the point (ÿ1,2), but it is not such that ÿ ÿ1 and ÿ 2. Therefore

total, therefore the students who remain after the first session are those who 100
10 7
have passed the exam at the second session are a fraction of the total equal to Therefore the × 70
100 100
= 100 .
answer is wrong.
For example, the point (1, - 2) is different from the point (ÿ1,2), but it is not such that ÿ ÿ2. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
ÿ3 2
The area of the triangle is equal to 4
. Since the triangle has a double side, we deduce that the answer
is wrong.
For example, the inequality 3ÿ 3 + 8 <0 is not satisfied for = answer is wrong. ÿ3 <ÿ1. Therefore the
2
The remainder theorem states that the remainder of the proposed division is obtained by evaluating the polynomial
for = ÿ1:
4
remainder = ( 5-3 + 3) | = ÿ1 = ÿ1.

Number 3 is odd, so it belongs to. Therefore the answer is wrong.

84
Question 57
For which of the following values is cos ( ) + sin ( ) = 0?

A. = ÿ page 55
4
B. = 0 ÿ page 82
C. = ÿ page 44
D. = ÿ page 41
2
3
E. = ÿ page 35
4
= 1 - 0 = ÿ1.
0-1
ÿ2
The line 2 + 3 = 0 can be written in the form = is ÿ . 3
and therefore its angular coefficient
Therefore
ÿ
= ÿ2 the answer is wrong.
3
= 1 - 0 = ÿ1.
0-1
The line = 2 is a vertical line. Therefore the answer is wrong.

2
(- 1) 2 + (- 1) 2 =
2
The equation 2+
- 2 - 2 = 1 can be written as (- 1) 2 + (- 1) 2 = 3. Hence it
represents the circle with center C and radius ÿ3 and this circle is not tangent to the axis
of the . Therefore the answer is wrong.
85
Question 58
Both a circle and a point on the internal plane a are the circles , different from the center. How much it is
with center tangent to?
A. 4 ÿ page 65
B. 0 ÿ page 83
C. 1 ÿ page 37
D. 2 ÿ page 78
E. 3 ÿ page 22
Question 59
Given a positive real number and set () = log10 , we have (10 ÿ ÿ2) =
1
TO. ÿ page 59
()
B. 2 - 2 () ÿ page 77
C. 1 - 2 () 1 ÿ page 63
D. ÿ page 51
2()
E. ÿ2 () ÿ page 11
Question 60
With respect to an orthogonal Cartesian reference system the distance of the point of
the coordinates (ÿ4, 2) from the line of equation = 2 is:
A. ÿ2 ÿ page 47
B. 2 ÿ page 30
C. ÿ6 ÿ page 23
D. 6 ÿ page 33
E. 4 ÿ page 32
86
Mathematics 2
Go to the page that contains the question

from which to begin reading this section
of the mentor, as indicated in the box
below.

Question 61
sin ( )
For which of the following values of we have sin ( 3 ) = 3
A. = ÿ page 118 ÿ
3 B. = 3 page 89 ÿ page
C. = 2 114 ÿ page 100
D. =
6
E. = ÿ page 101
2
The set of 100 people can be seen as the union of the following four subsets in two by two disjoint:
= {people who speak both English and French} =

{people who speak English but do not speak French} =
{people who speak French but do not speak English} =
{people who speak neither English nor French}
The number of people in is equal to = 12, the number of people in is equal to = 51 - 12 = 39, the
number of people in is equal to = 36 - 12 = 24. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in question 80 on
page 121
The proposed equation is a second degree equation that can be posed in the form
2 - - 1 = 0.
The discriminant is ÿ = 2
+ 4 and is positive for any real value of. Therefore the answer is
wrong.
88
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot that remains in the mixture is calculated as follows. The fraction
of pinot before the operation is multiplied by the fraction of wine that remains in the bottle after sampling.
The added fraction is added to the value obtained. We summarize the effects of manipulations on wine in a
table.
Fraction of pinot
Initial situation
12
1 2 1 2
First replacement ×+233 =
3
23×+ 1
Second replacement 344 =
34

ÿ on page 132
2
2
If and are even odd numbers. and
they are odd and therefore 2ÿ 2 is always even as a difference
For = 0 the equation becomes = 1, which is the equation of a horizontal line. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If we evaluate the two sides of the proposed equality for = 3 , we have:
= sin = 0,
sin ( 3 ) | =3
sin ( ) sin (3 )
= = 0, 3
3| =3
then = 3 checks for equality. Therefore the answer is correct.

89
Question 62
Let there be two equilateral triangles in the plane that can be freely rotated and translated
one over the other. Given any position of the two triangles, their portion of
superimposed surface can never be
A. a trapezoid B. ÿ page 126

a hexagon C. a ÿ page 128
rectangle D. an ÿ page 96
equilateral triangle E. a right ÿ page 91
triangle ÿ page 129
If, for example, a citizen's income is € 15,000> € 10,000, he will have to pay, according to the new
system, an amount of ( 20 100 15000 + 1000) € = 4000 €, while, with the old system, it would have pa
25
gato 100 € 15,000 = € 3750. Therefore the new system is less convenient. Therefore the answer
is wrong.
It applies:
= 3 + 3 + (ÿ1) = 3 (+ 1) + (ÿ1) =3+

(ÿ1) .
+1 +1 +1
1
For example, if = 1, = 3 - 2 = 2.5 < 2.99 and therefore not all numbers are greater than 2.99.
4 3
The volume of a sphere of radius is = , while the volume of a cylinder having a diameter
3
2 3 . It applies:
=
base and height is = ( 2 ) 4
4 3
3 16 1
= = =5+ ,
3
4
3 3
therefore the minimum number of cylinders needed is 6. Therefore the answer is correct.
90
If we make use of the remainder theorem, we deduce that the answer is

wrong. ÿ in question 84 on page 125
If we use the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1 and the properties of logarithms, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
If we use the periodicity property of the tan (2 - 5 ) function, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
ÿ to question 81 on page 122
Aldo and Bea have two places available and therefore have two ways to arrange themselves. The
other four friends have four places available. If we use the formula to calculate the number of
permutations of 4 people out of 4 places, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
The function cos2 - cos - 2 for = 0 is ÿ2 and therefore = 2 is not a solution for = 0.
For example, if the triangles are arranged so that one is contained within the other, the overlapping
portion of the surface is an equilateral triangle. Therefore the answer is wrong.
For example, if there are 20 coins of € 1 and 20 coins of € 2, the piggy bank contains € 60. Therefore
91
Question 63
Strictly positive integers less than 6. , , they are all different from each other and they are all
Knowing that their sum is 12 determine their product.
A. 60 ÿ page 94
B. 24 ÿ page 92
C. 50 ÿ page 105
D. 40 ÿ page 124
E. 30 ÿ page 117
The condition = + 1 is false for any value of. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The points ( , ) of the set satisfy the inequality
-2
> 0.
Solving this inequality, we deduce that the answer is wrong.

The numbers
,,,are all different from each other and can only assume the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Having observed
that 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15, it can be deduced that only the values 1, 2 are assumed, 4, 5 (in one order
whatever). Therefore the answer is wrong.
If, for example, a citizen's income is € 25,000, he will have to pay, under the new system, an amount
of ( 20 100 25000 + 1000) € = 6000 €, while, with the old system, he would have paid
to 25 € 25,000 = € 6250. So the new system is more convenient. Therefore the answer is
100
wrong.
ninety two
If = (0, - 1/2) the following holds:

5
= ÿ5, , = .
=ÿ5 4 2
2 = 2 2 25
Verified that it is a hypotenuse. + the, answer is
Therefore = 5 + 4 5, the triangle is rectangle with
4
wrong.
For example, for = 0 the function ÿ 2 - 1 is not defined. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If it is the income in euros, a citizen will have to pay, under the new system, an amount of
20 25
100
+ 1000, while, with the old system, he would have paid 100 . Noting that > 25,000, yes
infers that the answer is wrong.
For every positive integer, the proposed equation is an equation of first degree in the variable and,
highlighting the at the first member, it is equivalent to the equation
1 1 2
+ÿÿÿ+ +ÿÿÿ+=2 ,
(1 + 2 )+1+
1 1
that is, set = 1 + + ÿ ÿ ÿ + > 0,
2
= 0.
Hence the (unique) solution of the equation is = 0 for each. Therefore the answer is correct.
We introduce the notations:
= total number of coins

= number of 1 € coins
1
= number of 2 € coins.
2
It must be valid
= , 1+2 = 60.
1+2 2
93
From the previous relationships it is obtained
1 + 2 (- 2 + 1 ) = 60 ÿ 1 = 2 - 60
- .
2 2 = 60 ÿ 2 = 60 -
If <40 you have 1 <20 and 2 > 20. Therefore the answer is correct.
The numbers ,,,are all different from each other and can only assume the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Having observed
that 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15, it can be deduced that only the values 1, 2 are assumed, 4, 5 (in one order
2 - - 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant is ÿ = + 4 and is positive for any real value of. Therefore the answer is
wrong.
If and the lines are different.

ÿ
and ÿ are not parallel because they have angular coefficient
For any real number, | ÿ1 | ÿ 0. It follows that the solutions must satisfy the condition
,
1 - | | ÿ 0, that is ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. If we observe that for these values of we have | - 1 | = 1 - it is deduced
The proposed equation can be studied in the equivalent form
sin + = 0,
and, being () = sin + an odd function, it is enough to consider the values ÿ 0. If it is used
, deduced that the answer is wrong.
of the properties of the sin function it is
94
Question 64
Let be an odd positive number and the next odd number. We have:
2 2
TO. - is divisible by 16 and cannot be divisible by 32 ÿ page 95
2 2
B. - it can be odd ÿ page 89
2 2
C. - is divisible by 2 and cannot be divisible by 4 ÿ page 119
2 2
D. - is divisible by 4 and cannot be divisible by 8 ÿ page 108
2 2
AND. - is divisible by 8 and cannot be divisible by 16 ÿ page 119
The tan function (2 - 5 ), in the interval - << 4 assumes all real values, therefore in this interval
4,
there is a solution of the proposed equation. Dictate ÿ this solution, being the function
periodic of period = with any 2, the infinite values of the form ÿ are solutions of the equation + 2,
integer. Therefore the answer is correct.
2
Developing the2 square to the first member of the equation (- 1) 2 - = 0, it is observed that i
2
coefficients of turn out to have coefficients of opposite sign. If the definition is used
And
in circumference, we deduce that the answer is wrong.

2 2
If, for example, = 1 and = 3 the answer is - = 9 - 1 = 8, which is not divisible by 16. Therefore the
wrong.
4 3
The volume of a sphere of radius is = 3 , while the volume of a cylinder having a diameter
2 3
=
base and height is = ( 2 ) 4 . Therefore the answer is wrong.
95
sin + = 0,
and, being () = sin + an odd function, it is sufficient to consider the values ÿ 0. It is immediate to observe that
= 0 is a solution. Furthermore, the following applies:
0 <ÿ ÿ sin +> 0

> ÿ sin +> ÿ1 +> 0,
therefore there are no other solutions. Therefore the answer is correct.

If ÿ> 0 is a solution, sin ÿ = ÿÿ holds. On the other hand
sin (ÿ +) = - sin ÿ = ÿ,
and therefore ÿ + is a solution of the equation if and only if ÿ = - (ÿ + ), that is ÿ = - value is but such
2,
negative. Therefore the answer is wrong.
In general, the overlapping surface portion is a polygon whose sides are parts of the sides of the equilateral
triangles. To obtain a rectangle it is necessary to arrange the triangles so that one side of one and one side
of the other are parallel. With the arrangement described, any two sides (of both triangles) are either parallel
or form an angle of 60ÿ and therefore it is not possible to obtain a rectangle. Alternatively, one can also
proceed by exclusion, observing that it is possible to arrange the triangles in such a way as to obtain a
trapezoid, a hexagon, an equilateral triangle or a right triangle (the other answers). Therefore the answer is
correct.
If it is the income in euros, a citizen will have to pay, under the new system, an amount of + 1000, while,
20 25
100
under the old system, he would have paid 100 . If > 25 000, the difference is
negative
20 25 25 000
= 1000 - <1000 - = ÿ250.
( 100 + 1000) - 100 20 20
96
Question 65
In the Cartesian plane, the locus of the points with coordinates , ) that verify the equation
2 2
(- 2 )( (- 4) = 0 is:
A. the set consisting of the points of coordinates (1, ÿ2), (1, 2) ÿ page 110
B. the set consisting of the points of coordinates (1, 2), (ÿ1, 2) ÿ page 129
C. the union of a parabola and two lines D. the ÿ page 107
intersection of a hyperbola and two lines E. the ÿ page 118
intersection of a parabola and two lines ÿ page 127
Called ÿ the side of the original square, the overlapping rectangles have sides ÿ and ÿ / 2. Their perimeter
1
equals = 2 (ÿ + ÿ / 2) = 3ÿ. So ÿ = the 3
ÿ12 cm = 4 cm and the area of the square is 16 cm2 . Therefore
answer is right.
Let and the legs of the right triangle. The cone generated by the rotation of the triangle around
ad has base height and radius. The cone generated by the rotation of the triangle around ha
base height and radius. If we calculate the volumes of the cones, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
If = (ÿ4.0) the following holds:
= ÿ5, = 5, = 2ÿ5.
2 2 2
Verified that = + , as 25 = 5 + 20, the triangle is rectangle with
hypotenuse occurs. Therefore the answer is wrong.
97
Question 66
In a Cartesian plane we consider the equation lines
=+2+1
where is a real parameter.

Which of the following statements is true?
A. The lines are two by two incidents, but there is no common point at all
ÿ page 125 ÿ
B. For = 0 we do not obtain the equation of a line page 89 ÿ page
C. All lines pass through the point (1, - 2) 121 ÿ page 114
D. All lines pass through the point (ÿ2,1) ÿ page 94
E. The lines are parallel to each other
Let's first observe that there is no single way to arrange the 9 squares to form a rectangle. However it can be
stated that the measures of the sides of the rectangle expressed in cm are whole numbers greater than 1
(the rectangle must contain squares whose side measures 2 cm) and that the area of the rectangle is = (2 ÿ
22 + 7 ÿ 12 ) cm2 = 15 cm2 . Since the prime factorization of 15 is 15 = 3 ÿ 5, necessarily, if a rectangle can
be formed, its sides measure 3 cm and 5 cm. Different ways to build a rectangle with the found dimensions
are illustrated in the figure.
So the perimeter of the rectangle is = 2 (3 + 5) cm = 16 cm. Therefore the answer is correct. ÿ in question
87 on page 128
98
Question 67
For which realities the inequality ÿ 2 is verified - 1> 2 ?

A. ÿ ÿ1 ÿ ÿ1 ÿ page 107
B. ÿ page 125
C. ÿ1 <<1 ÿ page 93
D. for no real E. ÿ page 124
ÿ1 ÿ page 118
It is immediate to observe that the following applies:
2
(- 1) 2 - = (- 1 -) (- 1 + ).
So the locus points satisfy one of the following two conditions:
-1-=0 or - 1 + = 0.


ÿ2
The points, () of the considered set are obtained by solving the inequality > 0. His
solutions satisfy one of the following systems of inequalities:
<0
{- 2 <0 or {- 2> 0 >0
The first system identifies the points of the third quadrant that are below the line = , while
2 the second system identifies the points of the first quadrant that are above the line = 2 (see
figure).
2
=
99
So the whole is made up of two opposite corners at the vertex. Therefore the answer is correct.
If = (1,2) the following holds:
= ÿ5, = 2, = 1.
2 = 2
Verified that , since 5 = 4 + 1, the triangle
2+ is rectangle with
Using the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1 and the properties of logarithms, we have:
2 2
log ( 4 + 2 + sin2 + cos2 ) = log ( 4+2 + 1) =
2 2
= log ( + 1) 2 = 2 log ( + 1).

Aldo and Bea have two places available and therefore have two ways to arrange themselves. The other
four friends have four places available. If we use the formula to calculate the number of permutations of 4
people out of 4 places, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
We observe that, for ÿ ÿ, the following holds:
sin 3 = sin cos 2 + cos sin 2 =
= sin (1 - 2 sin2 ) + 2 sin cos2 = = sin [(1
- 2 sin2 ) + 2 (1 - sin2 )] = 3 sin - 4 sin3 .
Using the previous inequality with = and observing that 0 << 18 18 2,

we have:
sin ( 6 ) = sin (3 18) = 3 sin (18) - 4 sin3 (18) =

3 3 3
4
= sin (18) - 3 sin3 (18) < sin (18) ,
therefore = 6
does not check the proposed equality. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in
100
For any real number, | ÿ1 | ÿ 0. It follows that the solutions must satisfy the condition | ÿ 0, that is ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. If we
observe that for these values of we have | - 1 | = 1 - we deduce 1 - | that the answer is wrong.,
Let's first observe that there is no single way to arrange the 9 squares to form a rectangle. Different ways to do
this are illustrated in the figure.
However it can be stated that the measures of the sides of the rectangle expressed in cm are whole numbers
greater than 1 (the rectangle must contain squares whose side measures 2 cm) and that the area of the
rectangle is = (2 ÿ 22 + 7 ÿ 12 ) cm2 = 15 cm2 . If this information is used, it is assumed that the answer is
wrong.
It applies:
= 3 + 3 + (ÿ1) + = 3 (+ 1) + (ÿ1) + (ÿ1)

=3++1 .
1 1
If it is even, = 3 + the 1 +1
> 3> 2.99 and therefore there are infinitely many numbers greater than 2.99. Therefore
answer is wrong.
If we evaluate the two sides of the proposed equality for = we have:

2,
1
sin ( 3 ) | = = sin ( 6 ) = 2 ,
2
sin ( ) sin ( 2 ) 1
= = ,
3 |= 3 3
2
therefore = 2 it does not check for equality. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in
101
Question 68
Consider all the real numbers of the form
= 3 + 3 + (ÿ1)
+1
where is any positive integer. How many of the numbers are greater than 2.99?
A. infinite, but not all ÿ page 105
B. none ÿ page 115
C. one ÿ page 101
D. two ÿ page 120
And all ÿ page 90
If we use the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1 and the properties of logarithms, we deduce that the
answer is wrong.
For each positive integer, the proposed equation is a first degree equation in the variable.
Solving it, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
1 - | | ÿ 0, that is ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. For such values of we have | - 1 | = 1 - . So the problem is
reduced to the study of the equation 1 - = 1 - | |, with the condition ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. Ultimately
we must solve = | |, with the condition ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1, obtaining as a solution 0 ÿ ÿ 1.
The function cos2 - cos - 2 vanishes if, for example, you choose = wrong. . Therefore the answer is
102
Question 69
In a country where every citizen is required to pay 25% of their income in taxes, the rate is lowered to
20% one year. However, a "one-off" tax of € 1000 is introduced at the same time, which each taxpayer
is required to pay. It can be said that in that same year, in relation to this operation:
A. Citizens with an income exceeding € 25,000 had to pay an amount one fifth higher than what they
would have had to pay under the previous year's rules ÿ page 93 ÿ page 92
B. the tax burden remained unchanged for all C. only

citizens with an income exceeding € 10,000 were benefited ÿ page 90
D. Citizens with an income exceeding € 25,000 have been given an advantage ÿ

page 96
E. only citizens with an income of less than € 20,000 were benefited
ÿ page 116
The remainder theorem states that the remainder of the proposed division is obtained by evaluating the
polynomial for = 2:
3
remainder = (2 - 3 + 2) | = 2 = 12.

The distance between the centers of the circles is ÿ (2 - 0) 2 + (2 - 0) 2 = 2ÿ2> 2, so they have
no points in common (see figure).
103
Question 70
A rectangle is made up of two squares whose side measures 2 cm and seven squares whose
side measures 1 cm. The perimeter of the rectangle measures
A. 22 cm ÿ page 116
B. 18 cm ÿ page 130
C. 24 cm ÿ page 101
D. 20 cm ÿ page 113
E. 16 cm ÿ page 98
1 2
The points on the circumferences that make minimum ( 1 , 2 ) are found on the line passing through i
centers as shown in the picture. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If = (ÿ1,0) the following holds:
= ÿ5, = 2, = ÿ5.
The triangle is isosceles based on and it is not rectangle as it is in a rectan isosceles triangle
the golo only the base can be the hypotenuse (the longest side) and, in the case under >.
consideration, the answer is therefore correct.
It cannot hold = ÿ2 because it is rational, while ÿ2 is not. Therefore the answer is wrong.
104
If we make use of the periodicity property of the tan (2 - 5 ) function, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
2 - - 1 = 0.
The discriminant is ÿ = 2
wrong.
It applies:
= 3 + 3 + (ÿ1) + = 3 (+ 1) + (ÿ1) + (ÿ1) .

=3++1
1 1
1
If it is even, = 3 +> 3> 2.99
+1
and then there are infinitely many numbers greater than 2.99. To
1
example, if = 1, = 3 - 2 = 2.5 < 2.99 and therefore not all numbers are greater than 2.99.
Observe the,,,numbers
they
given
are that
all different
1 + 2 + 3from
+ 4 each
+ 5 =other
15, we
and
deduce
can only
thatassume
only thethe
values
values
1, 2
1,are
2, 3,
assumed,
4, 5.
4, 5 (in one order
For example, if there are 2 coins of € 1 and 29 coins of € 2, the piggy bank contains more coins of
€ 2 and € 1 coins. Therefore the answer is wrong.
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot that remains in the mixture is calculated as follows. Yup
multiply the fraction of pinot before the operation by the fraction of wine that remains in the bottle
after collection. The added fraction is added to the value obtained. Therefore the answer is wrong.
105
It is immediate to observe that = 0 is the solution of the equation for every positive integer. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
2 - - 1 = 0.
The discriminant is ÿ = + 4 and2is positive for any real value of. Hence the equation always has two distinct
real solutions. Therefore the answer is correct.
Aldo and Bea have two places available and therefore have two ways to arrange themselves. The other
four friends have four seats available and therefore it is a question of calculating the number of permutations
of 4 people out of 4 seats, that is 4! = 1 ÿ 2 ÿ 3 ÿ 4 = 24. It follows that the different ways that the six friends
have to arrange themselves in the compartment are 2 ÿ 24 = 48. Therefore the answer is correct. ÿ in
3
The volume of a sphere of radius is = 4
3
, while the volume of a cylinder having a diameter
2 = 3
. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ
The set of 100 people can be seen as the union of the following four subsets in two by two disjoint:
= {people who speak both English and French} =

{people who speak English but do not speak French} = {people
who speak French but do not speak English} = {people who
speak neither English nor French}
The number of people in is equal to = 12, the number of people in is equal to = 51 - 12 = 39, the number of
people in is equal to = 36 - 12 = 24. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in question 80 on page 121
106
Question 71
Fixed in the plane a system of orthogonal Cartesian axes , we consider the points =
(1,0) and = (0,2). For which point choice the triangle isn't it rectangle?
A. = (0, - 1/2) ÿ page 93
B. = (ÿ1.0) ÿ page 104
C. = (1,2) ÿ page 100
D. = (ÿ4.0) ÿ page 97
E. = (0.0) ÿ page 115
The requested place is made up of all and only the points that satisfy at least one of the following
equations:
- 2 2 = 0 or - 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.
The first is the equation of a parabola, the other two are straight. Therefore the answer is correct.
For example, for = 0 the function ÿ 2 - 1 is not defined. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The function cos2 - cos - 2 for = 0 is ÿ2 and therefore = 3 is not a solution for = 0.
Since ÿ2 is an irrational number, there is no smallest rational number greater than ÿ2.
For example, if there are 56 coins of 1 € and 2 coins of 2 € the piggy bank contains more coins of
€ 1 and € 2 coins. Therefore the answer is wrong.
107
Question 72
A winery produces the renowned pirlot, a blend of white pinot and red
merlot in equal parts. From a bottle the producer takes 1/3 and replaces it with one
identical part of pinot only, then takes 1/4 of the new blend and replaces it again with
an identical part of pinot only. Which fraction of the final blend is made up of pinot?
A. 5/7 ÿ page 105

B. 7/12 ÿ page 109
C. 5/12 ÿ page 119
D. 2/3 ÿ page 121
E. 3/4 ÿ page 89
If it is an odd positive number it means that for some positive integer it is = 2 - 1. The
subsequent odd number of is = 2 + 1. Holds:
2 2
- = (+) (-) = 4 ÿ 2 = 8 .
2 2
Therefore - is always divisible by 8. Therefore the answer is wrong.
2
(- 1) 2 - = (- 1 -) (- 1 + ).
-1-=0 or - 1 + = 0.

Aldo and Bea have two places available and therefore have two ways to arrange themselves. The other four
friends have four seats available. If you use the formula to calculate the number of
permutations of 4 people on 4 places, it is deduced that the answer is wrong.
108
Called ÿ the side of the original square, the overlapping rectangles have sides ÿ and ÿ / 2. If we use the
definitions of the perimeter of a rectangle and the area of a square, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot that remains in the mixture is calculated as follows. The
fraction of pinot before the operation is multiplied by the fraction of wine that remains in the bottle after
sampling. The added fraction is added to the value obtained. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in question
72 on page 108
For each positive integer, the proposed equation is a first degree equation in the variable.
Solving it, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
The distance between the centers of the circles is ÿ (2 - 0) 2 + (2 - 0) 2 = 2ÿ2> 2, so they

have no points in common (see figure).
1 2
The points on the circumferences that minimize ( 1 , 2 ) are found on the line that passes through the
centers as shown in the figure. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in question 77 on page 118
109
Question 73
A square-shaped sheet of paper is folded into two equal parts to form

two overlapping rectangles. Knowing that the perimeter of the rectangle is 12 cm, what is it
the area of the original square?
A. 9 cm2 ÿ page 115
B. 36 cm2 ÿ page 130
C. 24 cm2 ÿ page 121
D. 72 cm2 ÿ page 109
E. 16 cm2 ÿ page 97
equations:
- 2 2 = 0 or - 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.

2
(- 1) 2 - = (- 1 -) (- 1 + ).
-1-=0 or - 1 + = 0.
The two previous equations represent two distinct lines that intersect at the point (1,0).
110
Question 74
A right triangle, rotating around its legs, generates two cones. The ratio between the volumes of the two
cones is equal to the ratio between
A. the greater cathetus and the hypotenuse ÿ page 97 ÿ page

B. the catheti 123 ÿ page 110 ÿ
C. the squares of the legs D. page 125 ÿ page
the minor cathetus and the hypotenuse 129
E. the cubes of the legs

1 2
The points on the circumferences that minimize ( 1 , 2 ) are found on the line that passes through the centers as
shown in the figure. Their distance can be calculated by subtracting the sum of the radii of the circles from the
distance between the centers:
= 2ÿ2 - 2 ÿ 1 = 2 (ÿ2 - 1).

111
4 3
The volume of a sphere of radius is = 3
2 3
= . Therefore the answer is wrong.
The function tan (2 ÿ5 ), in the interval - << 4 4, assumes all real values. Therefore the answer
it is wrong.
The set of 100 people can be seen as the union of the following four subsets a
two by two disjoint:
= {people who speak both English and French}

= {people who speak English, but don't speak French}
= {people who speak French but don't speak English}
= {people who speak neither English nor French}
The number of people in is equal to = 12, the number of people in is equal to = 51 - 12 = 39,
the number of people in is equal to = 36 - 12 = 24. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Setting = cos , the inequality becomes 2ÿ ÿ2 ÿ 0. Using the solution formula of the equations
2
of second degree, the solutions of the equation = 2. Hence- - 2 the
= 0 are 1 = ÿ1 and 2 inequality
is satisfied for ÿ ÿ1 or ÿ 2, that is,
cos ÿ ÿ1 or cos ÿ 2.
The first is satisfied when cos = ÿ1, that is for = + 2 for every integer, while the
second does not admit solutions. Therefore the answer is correct.
112
Let's first observe that there is no single way to arrange the 9 squares to form a rectangle. Different ways to
do this are illustrated in the figure.
However it can be stated that the measures of the sides of the rectangle expressed in cm are whole numbers
greater than 1 (the rectangle must contain squares whose side measures 2 cm) and that the area of the
rectangle is = (2 ÿ 22 + 7 ÿ 12 ) cm2 = 15 cm2 . If this information is used, it is assumed that the answer is
wrong.
If we use the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1 and the properties of logarithms, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
Since ÿ2 is an irrational number, there is no greater rational number less than ÿ2.
For example, for = 0 the equation is satisfied. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in question
75 on page 115

113
1 2
The points on the circumferences that minimize ( 1 , 2 ) are found on the line that passes through the
centers as shown in the figure. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in question 77 on page 118
If we evaluate the two sides of the proposed equality for = 2 , we have:
2 ÿ3
sin ( 3 ) | =2
= sin ( 3 ) = 2 ,
sin ( ) = sin (2 )
3 = 0,
3| =2
therefore = 2 does not check for equality. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If we substitute the pair (ÿ2,1) in the equation we have:
1 = ÿ2 + 2 + 1,
a relationship that is verified for every real. Therefore the answer is correct.
The function cos2 - cos - 2 for = 0 is ÿ2 and therefore = 0 is not a solution. Therefore the answer is wrong.
114
Question 75
The equation | - 1 | = 1 - | | has
A. exactly two solutions ÿ page 94

B. exactly three solutions ÿ page 101
C. exactly four solutions D. infinite ÿ page 117
solutions ÿ page 102
E. no solution ÿ page 113
If = (0,0) the following holds:
= ÿ5, = 1, = 2.
2 = 2 2
Verified that + , since 5 = 1 + 4, the triangle is rectangle with
Called ÿ the side of the original square, the overlapping rectangles have sides ÿ and ÿ / 2. If you do use
of the definitions of perimeter of a rectangle and of area of a square, we deduce that the answer
it is wrong.
It applies:
= 3 + 3 + (ÿ1) + = 3 (+ 1) + (ÿ1) + (ÿ1)

=3++1 .
1 1
1
If it is even, = 3 + the +1
answer is wrong.
-2
> 0.

115
2 - - 1 = 0.
The discriminant is ÿ = wrong. 2

If, for example, a citizen's income is € 15,000 <€ 20,000, he will have to pay, under the new
system, an amount of ( 20 10015,000
pa + 1000) € = € 4000 , while, under the old system, would have
25
gato 100 € 15,000 = € 3750. Therefore the new system is less convenient. Therefore the answer
is wrong.
Let's first observe that there is no single way to arrange the 9 squares to form a rectangle. Different ways
to do this are illustrated in the figure.
However it can be stated that the measures of the sides of the rectangle expressed in cm are whole
numbers greater than 1 (the rectangle must contain squares whose side measures 2 cm) and that the area
of the rectangle is = (2 ÿ 22 + 7 ÿ 12 ) cm2 = 15 cm2 . If this information is used, it is assumed that the
answer is wrong.
For example, if there are 56 € 1 coins and 2 € 2 coins the piggy bank contains more than 30 coins, but
most of them are not € 2 coins. Therefore the answer is wrong.
3
The volume of a sphere of radius is =
4
3
2 3
= . Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ
116
Question 76
The expression
2
log ( 4+2 + sin2 + cos2 )
coincides with
A. 4 log (1 +) ÿ page 102

2 2
B. [ log (1 +)] ÿ page 113
2
C. 2 log (1 + ) ÿ page 100
D. log ( E. 42+ 2 2
) + log (sin2 + cos2 ) ÿ page 91
log (1 + + sin + cos ) ÿ page 127
,
1 - | | ÿ 0, that is ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. If we observe that for these values of we have | - 1 | = 1 - it is deduced
The numbers,,, they are all different from each other and can only assume the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Having
observed that 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15, it can be deduced that only the values 1, 2, 4 are assumed, 5 (in one order

the number of people in is equal to = 36 - 12 = 24. Therefore the answer is wrong.
117
Question 77
Given the two circles respectively of center (0, 0) and radius 1 and of center (2, 2) and
radius 1, indicate with ( 1 , 2 ) the distance between a generic point 1 and
on the
a generic
first circle
point 2 which is on the second circumference.
as the value
Then consider
varies the minimum of ( 1 , 2 )
1 and of 2 . It has that
A. = ÿ2 ÿ2 ÿ page 103
B. = ÿ page 120
2
C. = ÿ2 - 1 ÿ page 113 ÿ
D. such a minimum does not exist page 109 ÿ
E. = 2 (ÿ2 - 1) page 111
The required place is formed by all and only the points that satisfy at least one of the following
equations:
- 2 2 = 0 or - 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.

For example, for = 1 the inequality is not satisfied. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ in
We observe that, for ÿ ÿ, the following holds:
sin 3 = sin cos 2 + cos sin 2 =

= sin (1 - 2 sin2 ) + 2 sin cos2 = =
sin [(1 - 2 sin2 ) + 2 (1 - sin2 )] = 3 sin - 4 sin3 .
Using the previous inequality with = and observing that 0 < 9 < 2,
we have:
9
sin ( 3 ) = sin (3 9 ) = 3 sin ( 9 ) - 4 sin3 ( 9 ) =

3 3 3
4
= sin ( 9 ) - 3 sin3 ( 9 ) < sin ( 9 ) ,
118
Question 78
The equation sin = -

A. admits infinite solutions ÿ page 128
B. if ÿ> 0 is a solution, then = ÿ + is also a solution ÿ page 96
C. does not admit solutions ÿ page 123
D. admits only one solution ÿ page 96
E. admits exactly two solutions ÿ page 94
therefore = 3
does not check the proposed equality. Therefore the answer is wrong.
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot that remains in the mixture is calculated as follows. Yup
multiply the fraction of pinot before the operation by the fraction of wine that remains in the bottle
after collection. The added fraction is added to the value obtained. Therefore the answer is wrong.
2 2
- = (+) (-) = 4 ÿ 2 = 8 .
2 2 2
So that - is always divisible by 8. If, for example, = 1 and = 3 it holds - 2 = 9 - 1 = 8,
is not divisible by 16. Therefore the answer is correct.
2 2
- = (+) (-) = 4 ÿ 2 = 8 .
2 2
Therefore - is always divisible by 4. Therefore the answer is wrong.
119
Question 79
The set {( , ) ÿ R 2 ÿ ÿ 0, /> 2} consists of
A. one of the parts of the plane delimited by a hyperbola ÿ page 127

B. a circular crown ÿ page 122
C. two angles opposite the vertex ÿ page 99
D. one half plane E. two half planes ÿ page 92
ÿ page 115
It applies:
= 3 + 3 + (ÿ1) + = 3 (+ 1) + (ÿ1) + (ÿ1)

=3++1 .
1 1
1
If it is even, = 3 + +1
The distance between the centers of the circles is ÿ (2 - 0) 2 + (2 - 0) 2 = 2ÿ2> 2, so they do not
they have points in common (see figure).
1 2
The points on the circumferences that make minimum ( 1 , 2 ) are found on the line passing through i
centers as shown in the picture. Therefore the answer is wrong.
120
Question 80
In a group of 100 people 51 speak English, 36 French, of which 12 are English and French.
How many of them speak neither English nor French?
A. 49 ÿ page 88 ÿ
B. 15 page 106 ÿ
C. 29 page 117 ÿ
D. 13 page 112 ÿ
E. 25 page 126
Called ÿ the side of the original square, the overlapping rectangles have sides ÿ and ÿ / 2. If we use
the definitions of the perimeter of a rectangle and the area of a square, we deduce that the answer
is wrong.
If we substitute the pair (1, - 2) in the equation we have:
ÿ2 = + 2 + 1,
a relationship that is not verified for any real. Therefore the answer is wrong.
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot that remains in the mixture is calculated as follows. The
fraction of pinot before the operation is multiplied by the fraction of wine that remains in the bottle
after sampling. The added fraction is added to the value obtained. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ
121
Question 81
How many are the real numbers that are solutions of the equation
tan (2 - 5) = ÿ104
A. one ÿ page 105

B. five ÿ page 125
infinite C.s ÿ page 95
D. none ÿ page 112
And two ÿ page 91
2
(- 1) 2 - = (- 1 -) (- 1 + ).
-1-=0 or - 1 + = 0.

The value of is not fixed, while that of is. Therefore the answer is wrong.
-2
> 0.

122
Question 82
Let be a rational number that satisfies this property:
ÿ for each rational such that > ÿ2

TO. is the largest rational number less than ÿ2 is the ÿ page 113
B. smallest rational number greater than ÿ2 ÿ page 107
C. = ÿ page 122
D. <ÿ2 E. = ÿ page 131
ÿ2 ÿ page 104
Let and the legs of the right triangle. The volumes of the cones are shown in the table.
Volume of the cone
rotation around (is 2 ÿ
3
height and base radius of the cone)
rotation around (is 2 ÿ
3
height and base radius of the cone)
So the relationship between the volumes of the two cones is
2 ÿ
3 = .
2 ÿ

It is immediate to observe that = 0 is a solution. Therefore the answer is wrong.

123
Question 83
A quantity of liquid which fills a sphere with a radius is poured into cylinders having
base diameter and height. What is the minimum number of cylinders that are needed for
perform this operation?
A. 5 ÿ page 95
B. 6 ÿ page 90
C. 3 ÿ page 112
D. 9 ÿ page 116
E. 4 ÿ page 106
For example, for = ÿ1 the inequality is satisfied. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The numbers ,,, they are all different from each other and can only assume the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Having
observed that 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15, it can be deduced that only the values 1, 2, 4 are assumed, 5 (in one order
whatever). So the product of the four numbers is equal to 1 ÿ 2 ÿ 4 ÿ 5 = 40. So the answer is
right.
124
Question 84
3
The remainder of the division of polynomial 2 - 3 + 2 times - 2 is:
A. 8 ÿ page 124
B. -1 ÿ page 91
C. 12 ÿ page 103
D. -8 ÿ page 97
E. -12 ÿ page 124
2
It makes sense to study the inequality only for - 1 ÿ 0, i.e. for ÿ ÿ1 or for ÿ 1. For ÿ 1 yes
they can square both sides of the inequality by obtaining
2 -1ÿ4 2 ÿ3 2
+ 1 ÿ 0,
which is never verified. For ÿ ÿ1 the inequality is always verified. Therefore the answer is
right.
If we make use of the periodicity property of the tan (2 - 5 ) function, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
If and ÿ
straight lines are distinct and ÿ are not parallel (they have different angular coefficients) e
the intersection point is obtained by solving the system
{= =+ 2+ +
2 1 ÿ
+ 1. ÿ
125
Question 85
With respect to an orthogonal Cartesian reference of the plane, the equation
(- 1) 2 - 2=0
identify:
A. two straight incidents ÿ page 110

B. a parabola C. ÿ page 99
only two points D. a ÿ page 108
circle ÿ page 95
E. two parallel lines ÿ page 122
The system always admits the same solution for all values of and answer is
ÿ
distinct. Therefore the
wrong.
For example, if you arrange the triangles as shown, the portion of the overlapping surface is
a trapezoid.


126
Question 86
Aldo, Bea, Carlo, Dario, Ebe, Franco go by train and find a compartment for six
free seats. Considering that Aldo and Bea have to stay by the window, how many ways
different have the six friends to arrange themselves in the compartment?
A. 48 ÿ page 106
B. 4 ÿ page 100
C. 240 ÿ page 128
D. 8 ÿ page 108
E. 10 ÿ page 91
the number of people in is equal to = 36 - 12 = 24. So the number of people in is equal to
= 100 - (12 + 39 + 24) = 25. Therefore the answer is correct.
equations:
- 2 2 = 0 or - 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.
If we use the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1 and the properties of logarithms, we deduce that the
answer is wrong.
-2 > 0.

127
Question 87
Positive integer, either the solution of the equation
+1 +2 + =
+ +ÿÿÿ+
1 2
A. ÿ 0 for all B. if 1 < ÿ page 106

2 then 1
< 2
ÿ page 109
C. if 1 < 2 then > ÿ page 102
1 2
D. = + 1 for each E. = +1 ÿ page 92

for each ÿ page 93
sin + = 0,
and, being () = sin + an odd function, it is enough to consider the values ÿ 0. If it is used
, deduced that the answer is wrong.
of the properties of the sin function it is
Aldo and Bea have two places available and therefore have two ways to arrange themselves. The other four
friends have four seats available. If you use the formula to calculate the number of
permutations of 4 people on 4 places, it is deduced that the answer is wrong.
a hexagon.
128
Question 88
The inequality cos2 - cos - 2 ÿ 0 is verified for:

A. no real value of ÿ page 102
B. = + 2 for every integer C. = 2 ÿ page 112
for every integer D. any real value ÿ page 91
of E. = 3 for every integer ÿ page 114
ÿ page 107

a right triangle.

equations:
- 2 2 = 0 or - 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.
129
Question 89
In Jeremiah's piggy bank there are € 1 and € 2 coins, for a total of € 60. Which of the following
statements is true?
A. If the piggy bank contains at least 30 coins, then most of them are ÿ page 116
from 2 €
B. The number of € 1 coins cannot equal the number of € 2 coins ÿ page 91 C. If the piggy
bank contains
less than 40 coins, then most of them are ÿ page 93
from 2 €
D. The number of € 1 coins is certainly less than the number of € 2 coins

ÿ page 107 E.
The number of € 1 coins is certainly greater than the number of € 2 coins ÿ page 105
Called ÿ the side of the original square, the overlapping rectangles have sides ÿ and ÿ / 2. If we use the
definitions of the perimeter of a rectangle and the area of a square, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
Let's first observe that there is no single way to arrange the 9 squares to form a rectangle. Different ways
to do this are illustrated in the figure.
However it can be stated that the measures of the sides of the rectangle expressed in cm are whole
numbers greater than 1 (the rectangle must contain squares whose side measures 2 cm) and that the area
of the rectangle is = (2 ÿ 22 + 7 ÿ 12 ) cm2 = 15 cm2 . If this information is used, it is assumed that the
answer is wrong.
130
Question 90
The equation (-) = 1 has two distinct solutions

A. if and only if ÿ 0 ÿ page 116
B. if and only if ÿ1 <<1 ÿ page 105
C. for no real value of D. for all ÿ page 88
reals E. if and only if ÿ2 <<2 ÿ page 106
ÿ page 94
It cannot hold = ÿ2 because it is rational, while ÿ2 is not. On the other hand, if it were > ÿ2,
one could choose rational such that >> ÿ2 obtaining a contradiction. So it must
hold <ÿ2 . Therefore the answer is correct.
131
The reading of the mentor booklet is finished.
132

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Machine Translated by Google

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Mentor Collection Curators:

Logic: Luisella Caire, Paola Suria Arnaldi

Mathematics: Gioconda Moscariello, Vincenzo Ferone

Physical and chemical sciences: Roberto Piazza, Paolo Sarti

Reviewers: Claudio Beccari, Claudio Casarosa

Organization: Giuseppe Forte, Giorgio Filippi

Pagination and layout: Claudio Beccari

How to use the mentor

Start from the page that contains the

Answer C to question 20 is correct

Setting = , the2 equation becomes + 3 - 4 =

Answer A to question 48 is wrong

area( ) = 2 ÿ area ( )=2ÿ =ÿ .

Answer A to question 11 is wrong

Answer D to question 52 is wrong

70 100 of the total. Students who

Answer E to question 6 is wrong

Answer D to question 40 is wrong

The answer E to question 48 is wrong

area( ) = 2 ÿ area ( )=2ÿ =ÿ

An equilateral triangle is inscribed in a circle; the ratio of the length of the

Answer B to question 42 is correct

The answer E to question 59 is wrong

(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10 (10 ÿ ÿ2).

Answer A to question 31 is wrong

Answer B to question 53 is correct

2 log10 1000 = log10 103 = 3 log10 10 = 3,

Answer A to question 47 is wrong

Answer A to question 29 is wrong

Answer A to question 26 is wrong

The number 7 is not a divisor of 30. Therefore the answer is wrong.

An angle measures 2 radians, therefore

A. its sine is positive B. its ÿ page 15

Answer B to question 44 is correct

Condition Set of points

(3) +ÿ0 half plane that lies under the line + = 3ÿ

E. if <- 4ÿ5 ÿ page 24

Answer B to question 12 is correct

Answer D to question 17 is wrong

Answer D to question 45 is wrong

Answer C to question 42 is wrong

Answer B to question 8 is correct

Answer C to question 24 is wrong

Answer D to question 29 is wrong

The answer E to question 17 is correct

Answer A to question 3 is correct

Answer C to question 12 is wrong

The answer E to question 11 is wrong

Answer E to question 27 is wrong

Answer D to question 39 is correct

The answer E to question 49 is correct

We write the inequality in an equivalent form:

Put the three numbers 7, ÿ47, ÿ3 + ÿ27 in ascending order

A. ÿ3 + ÿ27 <ÿ47 <7 B. ÿ page 17

Answer C to question 54 is wrong

Answer A to question 6 is wrong

Answer E to question 38 is wrong