Mentor Di Matematica

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Mathematics Mentor
CISIA 2015
editions
Curators of the Mentor collection:
Logic: Luisella Caire, Paola Suria Arnaldi
Mathematics: Gioconda Moscariello, Vincenzo Ferone
Physical and chemical sciences: Roberto Piazza, Paolo Sarti
Editorial board
Reviewers: Claudio Beccari, Claudio Casarosa
Organization: Giuseppe Forte, Giorgio Filippi
Pagination and layout: Claudio Beccari
Copyright © 2015
CISIA – Inter-university Consortium Integrated systems for access - All rights reserved.
THERE IS
President
Armando Brandolese Politecnico di Milano
Vice president
Bianca Maria Lombardo University of Catania
Director
Claudio Casarosa University of Pisa
Scientific Council
Marco Abate University of Pisa
Claudio Beccari Polytechnic of Turin
Marco Lonzi University of Siena
Gioconda Moscariello University of Naples – Federico II
Roberto Piazza Politecnico di Milano
Maurizio Verri Politecnico di Milano
Board of directors
Armando Brandolese Politecnico di Milano
Bianca Maria Lombardo University of Catania
Claudio Casarosa University of Pisa
Andrea Stella University of Padua
Paolo Villani University of Salerno
Site
Via Malagoli, 12
56122 PISA
www.cisiaonline.it
Presentation
This booklet is a self-learning tool; It is not used to simulate a test, but to practice answering closed-ended questions
on specific subjects that are generally included in university admission tests.
The booklet has a particular shape and cannot be used by reading the pages sequentially; a sequential reading is
deliberately almost incomprehensible. The reading should be carried out in this way: we start from the first question;
read the text and choose an answer by going to the page indicated at the end of the answer. If the answer is right,
the new page confirms it, perhaps adding some small information and indicates the page where to find the next
question. However, if the answer chosen is wrong, the new page explains why it is wrong and indicates the page to
return to the question for which the wrong answer was chosen.
As you can see, therefore, the reading path is dictated by the indications of the pages to move to. Instead, sequential
reading is practically impossible because both the questions and the answers are distributed "randomly" along the
text and there are no two logically consecutive elements (questions or explanations to the answers) placed in
adjacent positions in the text.
In this particular mentor, the mathematical concepts that are supposed to be known to the majority of students
enrolling at the University are reviewed. Of course, the multitude of secondary education institutions is so
heterogeneous in Italy that the related programs often do not cover the entire mathematics program that it would be
useful to have completed before enrolling in a technical or scientific faculty. For this reason, in this mentor the
notions that are reviewed or learned are part of a not too advanced mathematics program that stops at flat
trigonometry and does not go into mathematical analysis. At the same time, for example, it does not deal with
financial mathematics at all, which is instead developed in some secondary education institutions. Despite the choice
of such a simplified program, it cannot be ignored that in some institutions the essential concepts necessary to start
university studies on the right foot are not covered.
It is better to separate the review or learning of mathematics concepts by also separating knowledge from skills;
both are essential, but it is better to proceed step by step. At the same time, to make it easier for the reader, this
mentor contains an index of the sections with which it is possible to resume the review of knowledge from the
section that most interests you, whether Mathematics 1, for knowledge, or Mathematics 2 for skills. Obviously it is
not necessary to remember that knowledge, beyond the formal and rigorous aspect of mathematical definitions,
requires verifying that we know what we are talking about. Similarly, for skills it is not just a matter of knowing what
you are talking about, but also of knowing how to use it; solving a problem expressed in words does not only require
knowing what we are talking about, but also knowing how to handle the information contained in the statement of
the problem to arrive at a solution as efficiently and effectively as possible.
The time dedicated to each question should not be too long; however, the revision or self-learning of mathematical
concepts is a very different thing from taking an admission test implemented through a questionnaire full of closed
multiple choice questions, having on average a couple of minutes available for each question. The time to answer
in this type of test together with the difficulty of the question itself is an essential element for the effectiveness of the
admission test; allows you to better separate the sample of candidates who take the test in order to discriminate the
preparation of individual candidates. Usually this does not prevent brilliant candidates, who have followed upper
secondary studies that are not suited to their chosen faculty, from showing their abilities; equally well, it is possible
to better identify those candidates who, although
4
having followed secondary studies suited to the faculty, they are not so interested in the disciplines that form the
basis of their future studies.
This is why reviewing the knowledge and skills acquired in mathematics is important; just as it is important to discover
that you do not have adequate knowledge in some parts, so as to be able to fill the gaps before tackling university
studies.
The mathematics program covered by the closed-ended questions covers the knowledge and skills indicated in the
following list.
Arithmetic and algebra Properties and operations on numbers (integers, rationals, reals). Absolute value. Powers
and roots. Logarithms and exponentials. Literal calculation. Polynomials (operations, factorization). Algebraic
equations and inequalities of first and second degree or reducible to them. Systems of first degree equations.
Fractional rational equations and inequalities and with radicals.
Geometry Segments and angles; their measurement and properties. Lines and planes. Remarkable geometric places.
Properties of the main flat geometric figures (triangles, circles, circles, regular polygons, etc.) and related
lengths and areas. Properties of the main solid geometric figures (spheres, cones, cylinders, prisms,
parallelepipeds, pyramids, etc.) and related volumes and surface areas.
Analytical geometry and numerical functions Cartesian coordinates. The concept of function. Equations of lines and
simple geometric places (circumferences, ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas, etc.).
Graphs and properties of elementary functions (powers, logarithms, exponentials, etc.). Calculations using
logarithms. Logarithmic and exponential equations and inequalities.
Trigonometry Graphs and properties of the sine, cosine and tangent functions. The main trigonometric formulas
(addition, subtraction, duplication, bisection). Trigonometric equations and inequalities. Relationships between
elements of a triangle.
How to use the mentor

In the mentor the questions and the explanations of the closed answers they contain are randomly mixed, but next to
each answer the page on which the solution is found is indicated by a little black hand whose index finger points to
the page to move to; on the indicated page, the explanation is clearly identified as answer 'X' to question 'Y'. The
explanation consists of a title that classifies the answer as right or wrong and is followed by a short explanatory text
possibly accompanied by formulas and drawings. At the end of the short text another little black hand indicates which
page to go to to continue using the mentor; in particular, if the answer given was wrong, the little hand indicates to go
back to the question that was not answered, while if the answer was right, the little hand indicates the page of the
next question. Generally there is only one on the next question page; very rarely two or more questions are found on
the same page. For this reason, in order to make it unequivocal what the next question is, the sentence that follows
the little hand says "to question Z on page W". If only page W is indicated, it means it points to the next section of the
mentor or to its conclusion.
Even if the questions are numbered sequentially in the mentor, the referral game proceeds in no particular order;
using the pointers to the pages, at the end of the reading, however, every question will have been answered.
Reading does not take place sequentially according to the numbering of the pages, but only by following the sequence
of pages indicated by the various little hands. Reading according to the natural sequence
5
of pages is virtually impossible. In short, you are forced to think carefully about each question to proceed with the
sequence of right answers.
If a question is answered once or twice with the wrong answer, it is likely that the topic on which the question focuses
constitutes a gap or that the topic has not been assimilated properly. The mentor's aim of highlighting knowledge and/
or skills gaps is thus achieved. The reader will review that topic in his or her textbooks or in textbooks conforming to
the syllabus indicated above1 ; having acquired the missing knowledge, and possibly also the skills by carrying out
the exercises proposed in the text, the reader can start the mentor section he was carrying out again from the
beginning.
However, if one proceeds well along the mentor's guided reading, it means that the reader has the necessary
knowledge and knowledge; it will be his responsibility, if necessary, to point out if he encountered topics that forced
him to do a lot of mental and material work but he still managed to proceed to the end of the mentor, he will be able
to review the topics that hindered him the most to review their theory and/or to carry out further exercises to acquire
greater operational "ease". Once again the mentor's purpose is achieved; in fact, the reader has identified his possible
weaknesses and has the opportunity to practice to strengthen himself in the topics that are most difficult for him.
The method followed in this test is inspired by a book from about fifty years ago which was very useful to many young
people at the time. Convinced that, even in the presence of more modern technologies, learning is based, yesterday
as today, always on individual cognitive experiences, we hope that the readers of this text will appreciate the proposed
method and find the product of our labors useful.
1
Texts intended for classical high school should be suitable for this purpose.
6
List of sections
Mathematics 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 8
Mathematics 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 87
7
Mathematics 1
Start from the page that contains the

question from which to begin reading the
mentor, as indicated in the box
below.
question 60 on page 86
Answer C to question 20 is correct
2 2
Setting = , the equation becomes + 3 ÿ 4 = 0. Using the solution formula of the equations of
second degree, the solutions of this equation are 1 = 1. Taking=into
ÿ4 and
account the position
2 done, we need to solve the following two equations:
2 = ÿ4 and 2 = 1.
The first does not admit real solutions, while the second admits two real solutions 1
= ÿ1 and
2 = 1 Therefore the answer is correct.

ÿ to question 34 on page 59
Answer A to question 48 is wrong
Referring to the figure, the polygon is the union of the two right triangles It is
So:
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area( )=2ÿ =ÿ .
If = 3 cm, using the Pythagorean theorem, it can be calculated is wrong. and deduce that answer
The intersection of 14 2 is the point (0,0), that of 1 with 3 is the point (7,0), that of 1 with And
2 with 3
7
the point ( 3, 3 ) . So the assigned triangle is in the first quadrant and has one side on the axis
.
It is easy to verify that the point (3,5) is not inside the triangle whose vertices are (0,0), (7,0) and
7 14
( 3, 3 ) . Therefore the answer is wrong.
9
Answer D to question 52 is wrong
The students who passed the exam on the first session represent a fraction of 30 of the
70
total, therefore the students who remain after the first session are those who 100
100 of the total. Students who
10 70 7
passed the exam at the second session are a fraction of the total equal to Therefore the answer × =
100 100 100 .
is wrong.
Answer E to question 6 is wrong
The numbers considered are all positive, so to compare them you just need to compare their square.
Therefore the answer is wrong.
The equation of a circle with center C of coordinates (1,1) and radius > 0 is:
2
( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 =
2 2
The equation +
ÿ 2 ÿ 2 = 0 can be written as ( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 = 2. Therefore it
represents the circumference with center C and radius ÿ2 and this circumference is not tangential to the axis
from the . Therefore the answer is wrong.
So:
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area( )=2ÿ =ÿ .
10
Question 1
An equilateral triangle is inscribed in a circle; the ratio between the length of the
circumference and perimeter of the triangle is:
A. 4 /3 ÿ page 79
B. /3 ÿ page 37
C. ÿ3 /2 D. ÿ page 26
2ÿ3 /9 E. 2 / ÿ page 47
ÿ3 ÿ page 69
Se = 3
cm, using the Pythagorean theorem, can be calculated is and deduce that answer
2
wrong.
Answer B to question 42 is correct
It is equal to ÿ 2 = ||,| so
= . the proposed the
Remembering equation is equivalent to |
definition
of absolute value means that it is satisfied only for ÿ 0. Therefore the answer is correct.
OK:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10(10 ÿ ÿ2).
If we make use of the properties of the logarithm, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
The solid obtained is a sphere of radius 1 cm from which a sphere of radius has been removed. By
1
cm.
2
calculating the volume of these spheres, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
11
Question 2
2ÿ2
Given a real number , the following relation OK:
ÿ4 +1
A. 1/2 ÿ page 23
B. 0 ÿ page 52
C. 1/2 ÿ page 58
D. 2 ÿ page 18
E.1 ÿ page 53
OK:
1
2
+1= + 1)
log10 3ÿ 3 log10(
2 log10 1000 = log10 103 = 3 log10 10 = 3,
2
and therefore log10 3ÿ 2 + 1 ÿ log10 1000 = log10( + 1). Therefore the answer is right.
Answer A to question 47 is incorrect
Since the triangle is right angled, it can be said that the two equal sides form a right angle.
Remembering that the sum of the internal angles of a triangle is equal to a flat angle, we deduce
that the answer is wrong.
The rectangle that has two sides coinciding with two parallel sides of the hexagon has a base equal to and height
equal to double the apothem. If we calculate the length of the apothem, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
The number 7 is not a divisor of 30. Therefore the answer is wrong.

12
Question 3
An angle measures 2 radians, therefore
A. its sine is positive B. its ÿ page 15

sine and cosine have the same sign C. the angle is acute ÿ page 78
D. its tangent does not ÿ page 78
exist E. its cosine is positive ÿ page 66
ÿ page 44
The sets identified by each condition (see figure) can be described as follows.
Condition Set of points

(1) ( + )2 = 1 dove correct 1 ÿ + = ÿ1 and 2 ÿ + = 1
2
(2) 2+ = 1 circle with center the origin and radius 1
(3) +ÿ0 half-plane that lies below the line + = 0 3ÿ
(ÿ1,0) 2
(0,ÿ1)
1
Conditions (1) and (3) are verified simultaneously by all and only the points of the line 1.
Therefore, the points that verify all three assigned conditions are (-1,0) and (0,-1), that is, all
only those who satisfy the system
{ + =2 +ÿ1 2=1
ÿ { = ÿ ÿ 12 + = 0.
Therefore the answer is right.
13
Question 4
4
In the set of real numbers the inequality + 5 < 0 is verified
A. always B. if ÿ page 58
= ÿ5 ÿ page 50
C. May ÿ page 77
D. se > ÿ5 ÿ page 61
E. if < ÿ 4ÿ5 ÿ page 24
For 0 ÿ ÿ the function sin( ) assumes all and only the values between 0 and 1. Therefore the equation
proposal admits at least one solution if and only if 0 ÿ 2 ÿ ÿ 1, that is, 1 ÿ ÿ 2. Therefore the
answer is right.
The degree of a polynomial in the variable is the maximum degree of the monomials that compose it
(evidently the coefficient of the monomial of maximum degree is not zero). The sum of polynomials
of degree 3 is a polynomial that contains monomials that are at most of third degree, but it is not certain that
3 3
contains one of the third degree. For example, if ( ) = ÿ and ( ) = + which is a first worth ( )+ ( ) = 2
, ,
degree polynomial. Therefore the answer is wrong.

For example, the value = solves the equation, but is not written in the form = some integer
3
+2 , per
2 2
value of . Therefore the answer is wrong.

Answer C to question 42 is incorrect
It is easy to verify that, for example, = 1 also satisfies the proposed equation. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
14
The wheels used cover a total of 2 ÿ 600 km = 1200 km. So every wheel must
1200
be used for km = 400km . Therefore the answer is right.
3
The < < is 0 < sin < 1 and ÿ1 < cos < 0, so cos + sin < 1 < ÿ2. Therefore the
2
answer is wrong.
The rectangle which has two sides coinciding with two parallel sides of the hexagon has a base equal to and
a height equal to double the apothem. If you calculate the length of the apothem, you deduce that the answer
is wrong.
Answer E to question 17 is correct
(evidently the coefficient of the monomial of maximum degree is not zero). The sum of polynomials of degree
3 is a polynomial that contains monomials that are at most third degree, therefore ( ) + ( ) has degree ÿ 3.
The product of polynomials is a polynomial that is obtained by adding the products of each monomial of the
first for each monomial of the second, therefore ( ) ÿ ( ) contains a monomial of the sixth degree (maximum
degree). Therefore the answer is right.
Answer A to question 3 is correct
OK <2< , so sin 2 > 0. Therefore the answer is right.

2
For example, if = 0, the equation becomes sin( ) = 2, but, for 0 ÿ ÿ it assumes all , the sin( ) function
and only the values between 0 and 1. Therefore the answer is wrong.
15
Question 5
Having an equilateral triangle of side and an equilateral triangle of side 2 we have that the resulting
surface:
A. greater than that of but still less than double that of ÿ page 69 ÿ page 27 ÿ page
84 ÿ page 55 ÿ
B. quadruple that of C. page 40
greater than quadruple that of D. double that
of E. not deductible from
that of
The intersection of 1 with 2 is the point (0,0), that of 3 is the point (7,0), that of 1 with it's 2 with 3
7 14
the point 3 , 3 ) . So the assigned triangle is in the first quadrant and has one side on the axis
.
( The point (ÿ3,2) does not belong to the first quadrant. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Answer D to question 39 is correct
The point = ( ) coincides with the point (ÿ1,2) if and only if it is such that = ÿ1 and = 2. Negating this
,
condition means that ÿ ÿ1 or ÿ 2. Therefore the answer is right.

We write the inequality in an equivalent form:
+3 + 3 ÿ 2( + 1) ÿ 0 1ÿ
ÿ2ÿ0ÿ+1 ÿ+1 ÿ 0.
+1
The solutions are obtained by solving the following systems:
{ 1 ÿ ÿ+ 01 > 0 or { 1 ÿ ÿ 0 +1<0
The first system is solved for ÿ1 < ÿ 1, while the second is impossible. Therefore the answer is right.
16
Question 6
Put the three numbers 7, ÿ47, ÿ3 + ÿ27 in ascending order
A. ÿ3 + ÿ27 < ÿ47 < 7 B. ÿ47 ÿ page 17

< ÿ3 + ÿ27 < 7 C. 7 < ÿ47 < ÿ page 38
ÿ3 + ÿ27 D. 7 < ÿ3 + ÿ27 < ÿ page 27
ÿ47 E. ÿ47 < 7 < ÿ3 + ÿ27 ÿ page 44
ÿ page 10
If we remember that, for every ÿ ÿ, we have sin2 + cos2 = 1 and sin 2 = 2 sin cos the , it is deduced that
answer is wrong.
If sphere and cube are, respectively, the volume of the sphere and cube, since the sphere is contained
in the cube it is:
ball < 1.
cube
On the other hand 2

> 1. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The function = 3ÿ is an increasing function from ÿ to ÿ and has the same sign as . So
3 3
+ 8 <. 0 is satisfied if and only if
the inequality 3ÿ 3 < ÿ8 = (ÿ2)3 + 8 < 0, i.e. This
last inequality is satisfied if and only if < ÿ2. Therefore the answer is right.
17
Question 7
If there is 3ÿ 3 +8<0
A. if and only if < ÿ1 ÿ page 84 ÿ page
B. for no real value of C. if and only 34 ÿ page 17 ÿ
if < ÿ2 page 39 ÿ page
D. if and only if < 0 68
E. if and only if < 1
The solid obtained is a sphere of radius 1 cm from which a sphere of radius has been removed. By 1 cm. 2
Answer B to question 17 is incorrect
(evidently the coefficient of the monomial of maximum degree is not zero). The product of polynomials is a
polynomial that is obtained by adding the products of each monomial of the first to each monomial of the
second. Therefore ( )ÿ ( ) contains a monomial of the sixth degree. Therefore the answer is wrong.
It is easy to verify that, for example, = ÿ1 does not satisfy the proposed equation. Therefore the answer is
wrong.
If we make use of the properties of powers, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
The sum of the internal angles of a polygon, regular or non-regular, having sides is equal to (ÿ2) flat angles.
18
Question 8
A careful motorcyclist, on a 600 km journey, also uses the spare wheel

so that at the end of the journey the three wheels suffer the same wear. How many kilometers
will he have traveled every wheel at the end of the journey?
A. 350 km ÿ page 73
B. 400 km ÿ page 15
C. 450 km ÿ page 27
D. 500 km ÿ page 66
E. 200 km ÿ page 28
If we use the remainder theorem, we deduce that the answer is wrong.

The number 2 is prime, so it belongs to . Therefore the answer is right.


2 2
The numbers =0 and =0 satisfy wrong. +
= 0, but it is not + = 1. Therefore the answer is
OK:
1 3 1
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 ÿ 2 sin )| = = ÿ3 + ÿ3 ÿ 2 ÿ 0.
6 4 4 2

19
The number (ÿ5 + ÿ8)/2 is not rational. In fact, if it were, its square would be too
2
=
5 + 8 + 2ÿ40 =
13
+ ÿ10,
4 4
( ÿ5 + ÿ8 2 )
and therefore ÿ10 would also be rational, but there is no rational number whose square is 10.
Remembering that a polynomial is divisible by a second polynomial if there exists a third polynomial
which, when multiplied by the second, gives the starting polynomial as a result, we deduce that
the answer is wrong.
The number 13 is odd, so it belongs to . Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to

OK:
( ÿ 2) = ( ÿ 2)2 ÿ ( ÿ 2)3 .
By performing the calculations, it is deduced that the answer is wrong.
If we observe that a diagonal forms a triangle with two consecutive sides of the parallelogram, we
deduce that the answer is wrong.
If we make use of the properties of powers with the same base, we deduce that the answer is
wrong. ÿ to question 43 on page 68
20
Question 9
With respect to an orthogonal Cartesian reference with the equation of the segment axis
extrema (0,0) and (2,2) it is:
A. ÿ = 2 ÿ page 75
B. = 1 ÿ page 36
C. = ÿ page 69
D. + = 2 ÿ page 23
E. = 1 ÿ page 74
It involves calculating the number of subsets of 4 athletes that can be formed from the set
of the 6 rowers. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The equation of a circle with center (0, ÿ 4) and radius = ÿ + 2 is:

2 2
+ ( + 4)2 = ÿ 2+ 2 + 8 + 16 = + 2.
The previous equation does not coincide with the assigned one. Therefore the answer is wrong.
21
So:
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area( )=2ÿ =ÿ .
ÿ3
With = 2 cm, using the Pythagorean theorem, can be calculated and deduce that answer
it's wrong.
Two circles with distinct centers are mutually tangent if and only if the straight line passes through them
for the centers it contains the point of tangency between the circles. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The solutions of the considered equation must be numbers ÿ 0 that satisfy the equation
second degree
2 ÿ + 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = the ÿ 4 and, if = 1, ÿ = ÿ3 < 0 is valid. Therefore
equation does not admit solutions. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The rectangle that has two sides coinciding with two parallel sides of the hexagon has a base equal to and height
equal to double the apothem. If we calculate the length of the apothem, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
The volume of the part outside the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere if and only
if the volume of the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere. So you have to
request
4 4 3 1
=2ÿ =2 ÿ= .
3 3
3ÿ2

22
The axis of a segment is the line perpendicular to it and passing through its midpoint. The slope of
the straight line passing through the points (0,0) and (2,2) is
2ÿ0
= = 1. 2
ÿ0
The slope of the line + = 2, written in the form = ÿ + 2, is the coefficient of = ÿ1. Remembering the
ÿ ÿ
condition of perpendicularity between lines ( = ÿ1) we have that the line = ÿ + 2 is

ÿ
and it's worth it
perpendicular to the segment considered. Furthermore, the midpoint of the segment is = (

2+0 2+0
2, 2 ) = (1,1) and the line = ÿ + 2 passes through this point. Therefore the answer is
right. ÿ to question 25 on page 46
Making use of the properties of the logarithm, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
The distance of a point from a line is always non-negative.

To compare two numbers you can calculate the ratio and check whether it is equal to 1. Using the
properties of powers we have:
1/4
( 81 ÿ64) 3 2
= = 21ÿ(3/4) = 21/4 ÿ 1.
3 2 3/4 3

The number 12 is even and is not prime, therefore it does not belong to . Therefore the answer is
wrong. ÿ to question 41 on page 66
23
Question 10
1/4
is equal to
The number ( 81 ÿ64)
3
A. ÿ page 55
ÿ2
3
B. ÿ page 73
2ÿ2
24
C. ÿ page 48
8 5/4
24
D. ÿ page 51
64
3
AND.
ÿ page 23
2
For example, if = ÿ2 < ÿ 4ÿ5, the inequality does not hold. Therefore the answer is wrong.
second degree
2 ÿ + 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = ÿ 4 and, if = 3, ÿ = 5 > 0 is valid. Therefore
3±ÿ5
the equation admits the two distinct solutions = 2 . Therefore the answer is wrong.
It is immediate to observe (see figure) that the segments , It is

divide the triangle in
four congruent triangles.
24
Question 11
In a Cartesian plane, which of the following points is inside the triangle enclosed between the three
correct 1 ÿ = 0, 2 ÿ = 2 3 ÿ = ÿ + 7?
,
A. = (3, 5) ÿ page 9
B. = (4, 4) ÿ page 63
C. = (1,ÿ3) ÿ page 43
D. = (3, 3) ÿ page 41
E. = (ÿ3, 2) ÿ page 16
Therefore the rhombus, being the union of two of these triangles, has an area R equal to half the area of the triangle.
,
Observed that the

T height of an equilateral triangle is obtained
multiplying the side by ÿ3/2, we have:
ÿ
ÿ3
T 1 2
R
= =
2 2 2
ÿ3 ÿ 22
cm2 = ÿ3 cm2
2
=
4 2

The volume of the part outside the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere if and only if
the volume of the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere. Calculating the volumes
of the two spheres, it is deduced that the answer is wrong.
The amount of paint to paint the solids considered is proportional to the surface area
total. The total surface area of a cone of height 1 meter and base of radius 1 meter is:
1
Pussy
=( 2 2 ÿ2 + ) m2 = (ÿ2 + 1) m2 .
Comparing it, for example, with that of the cube, cube, it is worth:
Pussy > cube.

25
Question 12
For 0 ÿ ÿ the equation sin( ) = 2 ÿ has at least one solution if and only if
A. ÿ 1 ÿ page 60
B. 1 ÿ ÿ 2 ÿ page 14
C. ÿ 2 D. ÿ page 15
ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1 E. 1 ÿ ÿ ÿ page 37
3 ÿ page 75
The side of the triangle is a chord of the circumference which subtends an angle at the center equal to = If 23.
we use the chord theorem, we deduce that the answer is wrong.

For example, = 1 satisfies the equation. Therefore the answer is wrong.

Observing that in 18 years the ages of Luigi's two children will be 33 and 29, it can be deduced that the
answer is wrong.
2 2
The numbers =0 and =0 satisfy wrong. + = 0, but not < ÿ1. Therefore the answer is
Every natural number greater than 1 can be factorized into prime factors. Therefore the answer
it's wrong.
26
Question 13
The sum of the internal angles of a non-regular hexagon A. is equal to
five flat angles B. cannot be calculated ÿ page 46 ÿ page

without further data 58 ÿ page 66 ÿ
C. equals 4 radians D. equals page 52 ÿ page
360 degrees E. equals six 18
right angles
Answer C to question 8 is wrong
The wheels used cover a total of 2 × 600 km = 1200 km. Therefore the answer is wrong.
ÿ3 2 2
The area of the triangle is equal to . 4Since, so
theittriangle
is proportional to
has a double side, it follows that its area is exactly
four times that of . Therefore the answer is right.
The value is (1.98)2 < 22 = 4 < 5. Therefore the answer is wrong.

If we observe that a diagonal forms a triangle with two consecutive sides of the parallelogram, we deduce
27
Question 14
In a parallelogram of perimeter 2 we have that:
A. at least one diagonal has a length equal to ÿ page 20

B. each diagonal has a length less than ÿ page 40
C. each diagonal has a length greater than ÿ page 27
D. the sum of the lengths of the diagonals is less than ÿ page 47
E. one diagonal has a length greater than the other less than ÿ page 73
,
The wheels used cover a total of 2 × 600 km = 1200 km. Therefore the answer is
wrong.

Hence the rhombus , being the union of two of these triangles, it has an area half that of
triangle. Calculating the area of the triangle , it turns out that the answer is wrong.
28
Question 15
In the Cartesian plane the axis of the segment of extrema (0,0), (1, 1) has equation
A. = 1
ÿ
ÿ page 83
2
B. = 2 ÿ ÿ page 57
C. = 1 ÿ ÿ page 31
2
D. = 1 ÿ ÿ page 38
1ÿ
E. = ÿ page 64
2
We observe that the diagonal of = ÿ2 ÿ. The circle has the 1

has radius 1 = 2,
while the circle
ÿ
2 wrong radius = 2 . By calculating the surface area of the two circles, we deduce that the answer is
2.
For = ÿ1 the function ÿ 2 ÿ is ÿ(ÿ1)2 ÿ (ÿ1) = 1 + 1 = 2. Therefore the answer is wrong.
It is immediate to observe (see figure) that the , It is

segments four congruent triangles.
29
Question 16
Given the equilateral triangle whose side measures 2 cm, are . The , , the midpoints
respectively of the sides , , area of the rhombus is
ÿ3
A. cm2 ÿ page 24
2
B. 2 cm2 ÿ page 49
C. ÿ3 cm2 D. ÿ page 28
ÿ2 cm2 ÿ page 39
1
AND. cm2 ÿ page 29
ÿ3
If we remember that, for every ÿ ÿ, we have sin2 + cos2 = 1 and sin 2 = 2 sin cos the answer is wrong. , it is deduced that
If you use the wrong definition of distance of a point from a line. , we deduce that the answer is
OK:
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 ÿ 2 sin )| =0 = ÿ3 ÿ 0.
30
Question 17
Which of the following statements holds for every pair of polynomials ( ) and ( ) of degree 3 with
real coefficients, with ( ) ÿ ÿ ( )?
A. ( ) + ( ) has degree 6 and ( ) ÿ ( ) has degree ÿ 6 B. ( ) + ( ) has ÿ page 64 ÿ page

degree 3 and ( ) ÿ ( ) has degree 3 C. ( ) + ( ) has degree 6 and 18 ÿ page 43 ÿ
( ) ÿ ( ) has degree ÿ 9 D. ( ) + ( ) has degree 3 and ( ) ÿ ( ) has page 14 ÿ page
degree ÿ 6 E. ( ) + ( ) has degree ÿ 3 and ( ) ÿ ( ) has degree 6 15
Making use of the properties of the logarithm, we deduce that the answer is wrong. ÿ
to question 53 on page 78
The straight line passing through the points and has angular coefficient
1ÿ0
= = 1. 1 ÿ
0
The midpoint of the segment is = ( 1 2,

1 2) . If you use the axis definition of a
segment, it is deduced that the answer is wrong.
For example, the point (ÿ1,0) is different from the point (ÿ1,2), but it is not such that ÿ ÿ1. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
We observe that the diagonal of = ÿ2 ÿ. The circle has radius 2 1

has radius 1 =
2,
while the circle
= ÿ
2 2 . By calculating the surface area of the two circles, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
31
Question 18
Let be a real number greater than 1. The numeric expression
ÿÿÿ 2ÿ ÿ
log 5
2
is equal to:
A. ÿ1 ÿ page 81
B. ÿ page 53
C. ÿ page 69
D. 0 ÿ page 42
E. +1 ÿ page 55
second degree
2 ÿ + 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = ÿ 4 and, if = ÿ3, ÿ = 5 > 0 is valid . Therefore
ÿ3±ÿ5
the equation admits the two distinct solutions = 2 . Therefore the answer is wrong.
If you use the wrong definition of distance of a point from a line. , we deduce that the answer is
The amount of asphalt needed is proportional to the area of the square. If the formula is used
of calculating the area of a circle, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
32
Question 19
5 4
The remainder of the division of the polynomial ÿ3 + 3 times + 1 is
A. ÿ1 ÿ page 84
B. 1 ÿ page 30
C. 3 ÿ page 19
D. 0 ÿ page 74
E. ÿ 1 ÿ page 79
The amount of asphalt needed is proportional to the area of the square. If the square has diameter
double that expected means that its radius is also double. So if it was the radius
2 2
expected, that is,the
it ispredicted
quadruple of the actual area of the square is (2 )2 = 4
area, ,
the expected one. Therefore the answer is right.

The distance of a point from a straight line is the measure of the perpendicular segment conducted by it
point to the straight line. In the case in question the straight line has equation = 2 and is perpendicular to the axis
of the abscissas. Therefore the line perpendicular to and passing through the point = (ÿ4,2) has equation
= 2. The distance of the point from the line is equal to the distance between the points = (ÿ4,2) and = (2,2)
(intersection of the line with the line of equation = 2), and the value is ÿ(ÿ4 ÿ 2)2 = 6.
The equation of a circle with center the origin and radius = ÿ is:
2 2 2 2 2
+ = ÿ + = .
3
For example, the value = solves
2
the equation, but is not written in the form = some integer +22 , per
value of . Therefore the answer is wrong.
33
Question 20
4 2
The real field equation A. two +3 ÿ 4 = 0 ha:
positive solutions and no negative solution B. no solution ÿ page 50

ÿ page 26
C. one positive solution and one negative solution D. ÿ page ÿ 9
two negative solutions and no positive solution E. two page 82

positive solutions and two negative solutions ÿ page 52
2
Since the function is ÿ 3| | + 2 is an even function that does not vanish for = 0, just study
the equation for > 0, that is:
2
ÿ 3 + 2 = 0, > 0.
If we use the solution formula for quadratic equations, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
ÿ2 + ÿ2
= ÿ2, so there is at least one value of for which it holds
Ok cos ( 4 ) + sin ( 4 ) = 2 2
cos + sin ÿ ÿ2. Therefore the answer is wrong.

OK:
( ÿ 2) = ( ÿ 2)2 ÿ ( ÿ 2)3 = ( ÿ 2)2 (1 ÿ + 2) =
= ( ÿ 2)2 (3 ÿ ).

For example, the inequality 3ÿ 3 + 8 < 0 is satisfied for = ÿ3. Therefore the answer is
wrong.
34
Question 21
The Santerno Rowing Club is made up of six rowers, all equally good and close-knit
Between them. Must send a representation of four athletes to the regional championship. In
How many different ways can such a representation be formed?
A. 720 ÿ page 21
B. 5 ÿ page 53
C. 15 ÿ page 74
D. 4 ÿ page 54
E.6 ÿ page 57
The value is (3,01)2 > 32 = 9 > 8. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The amount of asphalt needed is proportional to the area of the square. If the formula is used
of calculating the area of a circle, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
Per = 4 3
OK:
ÿ2 ÿ2
(cos( ) + sin( ))| =3 =ÿ
+ = 0.
4 2 2

answer is wrong.
35
If you use the definition of a segment axis, you deduce that the answer is wrong.
So:
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area( )=2ÿ =ÿ

.
If = 2 cm, using the Pythagorean theorem, we have:
2
=ÿ2 = ÿ4 ÿ 1 cm = ÿ3 cm.
ÿ
It follows
area( ) = ÿ = 1 ÿ ÿ3 cm2 = ÿ3 cm2 .

36
The side of the triangle is a chord of the circumference which subtends an angle at the center equal 23.
to = If we use the chord theorem, we deduce that the answer is wrong.

= while the circle

We observe that the diagonal of = ÿ2 ÿ. The circle has the 1
has radius 1 2,
= ÿ
2 wrong radius 2 . By calculating the surface area of the two circles, we deduce that the answer is
2.
2
( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 =
2 2
The equation + + 2 + 2 = 2 can be written as ( + 1)2 + ( + 1)2 = 4. Therefore the answer
is wrong.
Evidently 2.52 is a rational number and, if we calculate (2.52)2 = 6.3504, or we observe

that 6.25 = (2.5)2 < (2.52)2 < (2.6)2 = 6.76, we have 5 < (2.52)2 = 6.3504 < 8. Therefore the answer And
right.
For example, if = 0, the equation becomes sin( ) = 2, but, for 0 ÿ ÿ it assumes , the sin( ) function
all and only the values between 0 and 1. Therefore the answer is wrong.
37
1ÿ0
= = 1. 1 ÿ
0
The midpoint of the slope is = ( 1 2 , 1 2) . The axis of is perpendicular to and therefore has
segment = ÿ1. Furthermore it passes through and its equation is
ÿ 1
=ÿ
1 1
ÿ
=
2 ÿ(ÿ 2 ) ÿ = ÿ + 1.

OK:
2
2
7 = 49, ÿ47 = 47, (ÿ3 + ÿ27)2 = (ÿ3 + 3ÿ3)2 = 48.

The equation of a circle with center (ÿ4,0) and radius = ÿ + 2 is:

2 2
= ÿ 2+ 2 + 8 + 16 = + 2.
( + 4)2 +
We observe that the diagonal of = ÿ2 ÿ. The circle has the has radius 1 = while the circle 2 ,
1
ÿ
2 wrong radius = 2 . By calculating the surface area of the two circles, we deduce that the answer is
2.
The amount of asphalt needed is proportional to the area of the square. If you use the formula for
calculating the area of a circle, you deduce that the answer is wrong.
38
The number (ÿ5 ÿ ÿ8) /2 is not rational since (ÿ5 ÿ ÿ8) /2 = ÿ10 and there is no
rational number whose square is 10. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question
51 on page 76
For example, the inequality 3ÿ 3 + 8 < 0 is not satisfied for = ÿ1 < 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The students who passed the exam on the first session represent a fraction of the total , therefore the of the
70
students who remain after the first session are those who passed the exam 100 of the total. Students who
100
10 70 × 100 100 7
on the second session are a fraction of the total equal to Therefore the answer is wrong. = 100 .
The rectangle which has two sides coinciding with two parallel sides of the hexagon has a base equal to and ÿ3
height equal to double the apothem. For the regular hexagon on the side the apothem is = therefore the 2
It is
area of the rectangle is = ÿ (2 ) = ÿ3 2 . Therefore the answer is right.


39
In a parallelogram the opposite sides are equal and therefore the sum of the lengths of two sides
consecutive is equal to half the perimeter, i.e. . Observed that a diagonal forms, with
two consecutive sides of the parallelogram, a triangle, its length is smaller
Of . Therefore the answer is right.
For example, = 0 is not solution of the equation therefore = 2 , for = 0, is not solution.
The numbers = 0 and = 0 satisfy 2+

2
= 0, but it is not > . Therefore the answer is wrong.
The angular coefficient of the straight line passing through the coordinate points (1, 0) and (0,1) is equal to
1ÿ0
= = ÿ1.
0ÿ1
The straight line = ÿ 1 can be written in the form = + 1 and therefore its slope is
ÿ
= 1 ÿ . Therefore the answer is wrong.

ÿ3 2
The area of the triangle is equal to 4
. Since the triangle has double sides, we deduce that the answer
is wrong.
40
2 2 2 2 2 2
Being ÿ 0 and ÿ 0,implies
= 0 immediately the condition
= 0 and = 0. Therefore
+ the answer is = 0 and = 0, from which it follows
right.
Answer D to question 57 is incorrect
Per = OK:
2
(cos( ) + sin( ))| = = 0 + 1 ÿ 0.

2

The number 30 is not prime. Therefore the answer is wrong.

For example, = 1 satisfies the equation. Therefore the answer is wrong.

The intersection of 2 is the point (0,0), that of 1 with 1 with 3 is the point (7,0), that of 2 with
7 14
3 is the point ( 3 , 3 ) . Therefore the triangle is located in the first quadrant (see figure) and has for
base is the segment of the axis delimited by the points (0,0) and (7,0). Its internal points satisfy the
conditions:
0 < < 7, 0 < < 2 ,
0 < < ÿ + 7.
41
7 14
( 3, 3)
(3, 3)
3
(0,0)
(7,0)
The point (3, 3) satisfies all three conditions. Therefore the answer is right.
Called the edge of the cube, the radius of the inscribed sphere is = 2 . If you use the formulas for
calculating the volumes of the two solids, you deduce that the answer is wrong.
OK:
1 5
2 2+1
2ÿ ÿ
2 2 2
= = = = 1.
5 5 5 5
2 2 2 2
So:
ÿÿÿ 2ÿ
log 5
= log ÿ1 = log 1 = 0. ÿ
2

Observing that in 18 years the ages of Luigi's two children will be 33 and 29, we deduce that the answer
is wrong.
If we make use of the properties of powers with the same base, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
42
Question 22
Luigi has two children aged 15 and 11. In 18 years your age will be equal to the sum of the ages of your
children. How old is Luigi today?
A. 30 ÿ page 26 ÿ page
B. cannot be said C. 52 42 ÿ page 51 ÿ
page 50 ÿ page 67
D. 26
E. 44
The degree of a polynomial in the variable is the maximum degree of the monomials that compose it (evidently the
coefficient of the monomial of maximum degree is not zero). The sum of polynomials of degree 3 is a polynomial that
contains monomials that are at most third degree. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The amount of paint to paint the solids considered is proportional to the total surface area. The total surface area of a
cylinder with a radius of 1 meter and a height of 1 meter is:
cylinder = (2 + 2) m2 = 4 m2 .
cylinder > cube.
The intersection of 14 2 3 ) . So is the point (0,0), that of 1 with 3 is the point (7,0), that of 1 with it's 2 with 3
7
the point 3 , the assigned triangle is in the first quadrant and has one side on the axis
.
( The point (1, ÿ 3) does not belong to the first quadrant. Therefore the answer is wrong.
43
Question 23
In a Cartesian plane, which of the following lines is parallel to the line passing through the points
of coordinates (1, 0) and (0,1)?
A. 2 + 3 = 0 ÿ page 85
B. = ÿ 1 ÿ page 40
C. = 2 ÿ page 85
D. + = 3 ÿ page 59
E. = 1 ÿ page 76
The function ÿ 3| 2| + 2 is an even function that does not vanish for = 0. It follows that, if the equation admits one
solution, it also admits another (its opposite). Therefore the solutions
they are even in number. Therefore the answer is wrong.
For = the following applies:
(cos( ) + sin( ))| = = ÿ1 + 0 ÿ 0.

1
cm.
2
Worth <2< , so cos 2 < 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.

2
44
Question 24
The inequality cos + sin ÿ ÿ2 is verified in the interval 0 ÿ ÿ 2 for:
A. every B. = ÿ ÿ page 71
4 ÿ page 60
C. at least a value such that << ÿ page 15
2
D. = 4 ÿ page 68
E. none ÿ page 34
The equation of a circle with center ( 0 , 0 ) and radius is
(ÿ
2
+(ÿ
2
= 2
0) 0) .
2 2 2
The equation ÿ3 2 + ÿ3 2 ÿ 2 ÿ 2 = 0 is equivalent to the equation 2+
= 0,
ÿ ÿ
ÿ3 ÿ3
2 2
ÿ
2 2
= 2
3 = 0. It follows 3, i.e. = ÿ 2 3 . Therefore the answer is

or ( ÿ 1 ÿ3) + ( ÿ 1 ÿ3)
right.
2
( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 =
The equation 2 + ÿ 2 ÿ 2 + 1 = 0 can be written as ( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 = 1. Therefore it

represents the circumference with center C and radius 1 and this circumference is obviously tangent
to the axis. Therefore the answer is right.
It is easy to verify that, for example, = 0 also satisfies the proposed equation. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
45
Question 25
If and are real numbers such that 2

+
2
= 0 then we can conclude that it certainly is:
A. > ÿ page 40
B. < ÿ1 ÿ page 26
C. + = 1 ÿ page 19
D. + = 0 ÿ page 41
AND.
>0 ÿ page 83
The sum of the internal angles of a polygon, regular or non-regular, having sides is equal to (ÿ2)
flat corners. Therefore the answer is wrong.
For example, if = ÿ2 < ÿ1, the following holds true:
+3 ÿ2 + 3 1
< 2.
= =
+1 | =ÿ2 ÿ2 + 1 ÿ1

answer is wrong.
46
Question 26
The prime factorization of the number 3013 is: A. 2 153 127 13 B. 2 133
135 13 C. 3013 D. ÿ page 12 ÿ page

6 135 13 E. 49 ÿ page 41 ÿ
impossible page 66 ÿ page
26
Let e be the length and radius of the circumference, respectively, and let e ÿ be the perimeter and side
of the triangle, respectively. Since the side of the triangle is a chord of the circumference which subtends
2
an angle at the center equal to = 3 , by the string theorem the following holds:
ÿ = 2 sin 2 = 2 sin 3 = ÿ3 .
He follows:
= =
2
=
2
=
2ÿ3 .
2 3ÿ 9
3ÿ3 3ÿ3
Observing that one side of the parallelogram forms a triangle with half of each diagonal, each side
measures less than the half-sum of the lengths of the diagonals. So the perimeter is smaller than twice
the sum of the lengths of the diagonals. In other words, the sum of the lengths of the diagonals is greater
than . Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question 14 on page 28
The distance of a point from a line is always non-negative.

47
Question 27
3 2
Given any positive real number, then log( ) ÿ log( ) is equal to
5
A. log( B. ) ÿ page 39
3 2
log( C. )/log( ) ÿ page 63
log( ) ÿ page 48
D. 0 ÿ page 32
3 2
E. log( ÿ
) ÿ page 16
Using the properties of the logarithm we have:
3 2
log( ) ÿ log( ) = 3 log( ) ÿ 2 log( ) = log( )

To compare two numbers you can do the ratio and check if it is equal to 1. Using the
property of powers we have:
1/4
15/4
( 81 ÿ64) 3 2
= = 2(15/4)ÿ(3/4)ÿ3 = 1.
24 2 3/4 2 3 ÿ 3
8 5/4

second degree
2 ÿ + 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = the ÿ 4 and, if = ÿ1, ÿ = ÿ3 > 0 is valid . Therefore
equation does not admit solutions. Therefore the answer is wrong.
48
Question 28
Given two concentric spheres of radius 1 and (with < 1) what value it must take so that
is the volume of the part outside the smaller sphere half the volume of the larger sphere?
1
A. = ÿ3 ÿ page 28
1
B. = 3ÿ3 ÿ page 25
1
C. = 3ÿ2 ÿ page 22
1
D. = 2 1 ÿ page 62
E. = ÿ page 36
ÿ2

Since the prime factorization of the number 30 is 30 = 2 ÿ 3 ÿ 5, it holds
3013 = (2 ÿ 3 ÿ 5)13 = 213 ÿ 313 ÿ 513 .

49
The inequality is not verified for = ÿ5. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The polynomial considered is an even function and therefore, if the equation admits a positive solution, it also
admits a negative one (its opposite). Therefore the answer is wrong.
The rectangle which has two sides coinciding with two parallel sides of the hexagon is contained in the
hexagon and therefore in the circle circumscribed around it. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to
Observing that in 18 years the ages of Luigi's two children will be 33 and 29, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
Just observe that = ÿ1 ÿ 1 the inequality loses meaning and therefore this value cannot be a solution.
If sphere and cube are, respectively, the volume of the sphere and the cube, since the sphere is contained in the cube the
following holds:
ball < 1.
cube
4
On the other hand 3
50
1/4
( 81 ÿ64) 632=
= 26ÿ(3/4)ÿ3 = 29/4 ÿ 1. 2 3/4 2 3 ÿ 3
24
64

Observing that in 18 years the ages of Luigi's two children will be 33 and 29, we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
OK:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10(10 ÿ ÿ2).
Using the properties of powers we have:
1/3 1/3 1/3

20
7
(3 + 320 + 320) ( 3 ÿ 320) ( 3 21) 3
= = = = 3.
(33) 2
36 36 36

The amount of asphalt needed is proportional to the area of the square. If you use the formula for
calculating the area of a circle, you deduce that the answer is wrong.
51
Question 29
Given a regular hexagon of side two the area of the rectangle that has two sides coinciding with
,
parallel sides of the hexagon is equal to:
A. 2ÿ2 2 B. ÿ3 ÿ page 12
2 C. that of ÿ page 39
the circle circumscribed to the hexagon D. 2 ÿ page 50
2
ÿ page 15
E. that of the circle inscribed in the hexagon ÿ page 22
2 2
Place = , the equation becomes + 3 ÿ 4 = 0. If you use the solution formula for the equations of
second degree, it is deduced that the answer is wrong.
The number 98 is even and not prime, therefore it does not belong to . Therefore the answer is wrong.
If sphere and cube are, respectively, the volume of the sphere and cube, since the sphere is contained
in the cube it is:
ball < 1.
cube
2
On the other hand 3
52
Question 30
The + equation = , with non-zero real, it admits one and only one solution if
A. = 1 ÿ page 22 ÿ page
B. = 3 24 ÿ page 32 ÿ
C. = ÿ3 page 48 ÿ page
D. = ÿ1 72
E. = 2
It involves calculating the number of subsets of 4 athletes that can be formed from the set of 6 rowers.
If we make use of the properties of the logarithm and powers, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
If you remember that the equation of a circle with center ( 0 , 0 ) and radius is
2 2 2
(ÿ +(ÿ =
0) 0) ,
it turns out that the answer is wrong.

Making use of the properties of powers we have:

+1
2ÿ2 2
= = 1.
2 +1
ÿ4 +1

53
The relation is valid:

( ÿ 2) = ( ÿ 2)2 ÿ ( ÿ 2)3 .
of the 6 rowers. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Since the function is 2

ÿ 3| | + 2 is an even function that does not vanish for = 0, just study
the equation for > 0, that is:
2
ÿ 3 + 2 = 0, > 0.
Using the solution formula for second degree equations, the solutions of the previous equation are 1 = 2, both
positive. So the solutions
= 1 and of the proposed equation are
2 the numbers just found and their opposites:
1
= 1, 2 = 2, = ÿ1 and 3
4
= ÿ2.

For values of such that sin ÿ 0 the assigned equation is equivalent to
sin2 = 1.
It's easy to recognize that one of the other answers is right. Therefore the answer is wrong.
54
1/4
1/2
( 81 ÿ64) 3 2
= = 2(1/2)ÿ(3/4) = 2ÿ1/4 ÿ 1.
3 2 3/4 3
ÿ2

ÿ3 2
The area of the triangle is equal 4
to is wrong.
For = the value is: 4
=
ÿ2 ÿ2
(cos( ) + sin( ))| = + ÿ 0.
4 2 2

The amount of paint to paint the solids considered is proportional to the total surface area. We summarize
the values obtained for each solid in a table.
55
Question 31
From the semicircle with diameter = 2 cm and center, remove the semicircle with diameter
. The figure thus obtained is rotated around with a turn of 360ÿ . The volume of
solid obtained is
25
A. cm3 ÿ page 11
3
7
B. cm3 ÿ page 65
6
5
C. cm3 ÿ page 44
6
D. 4 cm3 28 ÿ page 18
AND. cm3 ÿ page 60
3
Solid Total surface area

1
cone 1 meter high Pussy =( 2 ÿ2 + ) m2

2
and base of radius 1 meter = (ÿ2 + 1) m2
= 4 m2
sphere of radius 1 meter ball
cube with side 1 meter = 6 m2

cube
ÿ3
tetrahedron of side 1 me- tetrahedron
=4ÿ m2 = ÿ3 m2
4
believe
= (2 + 2 ) m2 = 4 m2
cylinder of radius 1 meter cylinder
and height 1 meter
Observing that 4 > (ÿ2 + 1) > 2 ÿ 3 = 6 > ÿ3, the following holds:
=
ball cylinder > Pussy
> cube > tetrahedron.

56
Question 32
All other conditions being equal (material, roughness, state of cleanliness, etc.) a smaller quantity of
paint is needed to paint:
A. a cone (right circular) of height 1 meter and base of radius 1 meter ÿ page 25 B. a sphere of radius 1
meter ÿ page 65 C. a cube of side 1 meter ÿ page 64 D. a pyramid having all the faces that are equilateral
triangles (tetrahedron) of side 1 ÿ page 55 E. a cylinder (right circular) of radius 1 meter and height 1 meter
ÿ page 43
metro
OK:
3 ÿ3 ÿ3
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 ÿ 2 sin )| = = ÿ3 + ÿ2 = 0.
3
4 4 2
So = making 3
is solution of the equation. It is also unique in the interval 0 ÿ ÿ 2
Why,
use of the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1, the equation is equivalent to
ÿ3
sin = .

1ÿ0
= = 1. 1
ÿ0
The midpoint of the segment 2,

is = ( 1 1 2) . If you use the axis definition of a
It involves calculating the number of subsets of 4 athletes that can be formed from the set of 6 rowers.
57
Question 33
2 2
The polynomial ÿ 18 is divisible by
12 A. ÿ6( ÿ ) ÿ page 81
B. ÿ2 ÿ ÿ3 ÿ page 60
C. 12 + 18 ÿ page 83
D. 12 ÿ 18 ÿ page 20
E. ÿ ÿ page 69
For example, if = 0, the inequality does not occur. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Answer C to question 2 is wrong
2 2 2
(ÿ 0) +(ÿ 0)
= ,

58
Question 34
2
The equation ÿ 3| | + 2 = 0 ha:
A. four solutions B. three ÿ page 54

solutions ÿ page 44
C. two solutions ÿ page 34
D. only one solution ÿ page 79
E. no solution ÿ page 41
1ÿ0
= = ÿ1.
0ÿ1
The straight line + = 3 can be written in the form = ÿ + 3 and therefore its slope
ÿ
is = ÿ1 = . Since the angular coefficients are equal, it follows that the lines considered are
parallel. Therefore the answer is right.

OK:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10(10 ÿ ÿ2).
For example, if = 2 ÿ 1, the following holds true:
+3 2+3 5
= = < 2.
+1 | =2 2+1 3

59
Question 35
2 3
With ( ) = ÿ
, then ( ÿ 2) holds
2
A. ÿ
3+2 ÿ page 20
B. (3 ÿ )( ÿ 2)2 C. none of the ÿ page 34
other answers 3 D. ÿ 2 ÿ page 80
2
ÿ
ÿ page 54
AND.
2ÿ2ÿ 3+2 ÿ page 63
Recall that a polynomial is divisible by a second polynomial if a third polynomial exists

which multiplied by the second gives the starting polynomial as a result. Valid:
2 2
12 2 ÿ 18 = 6(2 2ÿ3 ) = 6(ÿ2 + ÿ3 )(ÿ2 ÿ ÿ3 ).

1
cm.
2
For example, if = 3, the equation becomes sin( ) = ÿ1, but, for 0 ÿ ÿ it assumes all , the sin( ) function
and only the values between 0 and 1. Therefore the answer is wrong.
ÿ2 ÿ2
Ok cos (ÿ 4 ) + sin (ÿ 4 ) = 2
ÿ
2
= 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.
60
Question 36
In the Cartesian plane the equation
2+ 2+4= ,
with a positive real number, it is:
A. the equation of a circle with center (ÿ2,0) and radius ÿ + 4 ÿ page 61

B. the equation of a circle with center (0, ÿ 4) and radius ÿ + 2 ÿ page 21
C. the equation of a circle with center the origin and radius ÿ ÿ page 33
D. the equation of a circle with center (ÿ4,0) and radius ÿ + 2 ÿ page 38
E. the equation of a circle with center (0, ÿ 2) and radius ÿ + 4 ÿ page 83
The equation of a circle with center (ÿ2.0) and radius = ÿ + 4 is:
( + 2)2 +
2 = 2
ÿ 2+ 2 + 4 + 4 = + 4.
The previous equation coincides with the assigned one. Therefore the answer is right.
If we make use of the properties of powers with the same base, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
For example, if = 0, the inequality does not occur. Therefore the answer is wrong.
For example, the point (0,2) is different from the point (ÿ1,2), but it is not such that ÿ 2. Therefore the answer
it's wrong.
61
Question 37
The following expression:

1/3
20
(3 + 320 + 320)
(33) 2
OK
2 A. 3 ÿ page 72 ÿ page
B. 1 36 ÿ page 51
C. 3
1
D. ÿ page 81
3
1
AND.
ÿ page 66
9
Called the edge of the cube, the radius of the inscribed sphere is = /2. So the volume of the cube is equal
3 3 3
= 4
to cube , that =of the sphere is equal to sphere . It follows: =
3 6
ball =
6
= .
3
6
cube

The volume of the part outside the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere if and only if the
volume of the smaller sphere is half the volume of the larger sphere. By calculating the volumes of the two
spheres, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
The students who passed the exam on the first session represent a fraction of the total , therefore the of the
70
students who remain after the first session are those who passed the 100 of the total. Students who
100
10 70 × 100 100 7
exam on the second session are a fraction of the total equal to Therefore the answer is =
100 .
wrong.
62
Question 38
A sphere is inscribed in a cube; the ratio between the volume of the sphere and that of the cube is:
A. /4 ÿ page 42 ÿ page
B. /6
62 ÿ page 52 ÿ
C. 2 /3 page 50 ÿ page 17
D. 4 /3
AND.
/2
OK:
( ÿ 2) = ( ÿ 2)2 ÿ ( ÿ 2)3 .
OK:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10(10) + log10( ÿ2) =
= 1 ÿ 2 log10 = 1 ÿ 2 ( ).
The intersection of 2 is the is the point (0,0), that of 1 with 3 is the point (7,0), that of 1 with it's 2 with 3
7 14
point ( 3 ) . Therefore
3, the assigned triangle is located in the first quadrant and has one side on the axis. It is easy to verify
.
that the point (4,4) is not inside the triangle which has as vertices (0,0), (7,0) and
7 14
( 3, 3 ) . Therefore the answer is wrong.
63
Question 39
With respect to an orthogonal Cartesian reference system from the the different points of the plane
point (ÿ1,2) all and only the points ( ) are such that: ,
A. ÿ 2 B. ÿ ÿ page 61 ÿ page
ÿ2 C. ÿ ÿ1 D. ÿ 84 ÿ page 31 ÿ
ÿ1 or ÿ 2 E. ÿ page 16 ÿ page 84
ÿ1 and ÿ 2
The degree of a polynomial in the variable is the maximum degree of the monomials that compose it (evidently the
coefficient of the monomial of maximum degree is not zero). The sum of polynomials of degree 3 is a polynomial
that contains monomials that are at most third degree. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The amount of paint to paint the solids considered is proportional to the total surface area. The total surface area of
a cube of side 1 meter is:
= 6 m2 .
cube
Comparing it, for example, with that of the tetrahedron, tetrahedron, it is worth:
cube > tetrahedron.

1ÿ0
= = 1. 1 ÿ
0

64
Question 40
In a Cartesian plane, the circle with center coordinates (1,1) is tangent to the axis
of the equation
A. 2+ 2+2+2=2 ÿ page 37
B. 2+ 2ÿ2+2=0
ÿ page 74
C. 2+ 2ÿ2ÿ2+1=0
ÿ page 45
D. 2+ 2ÿ2ÿ2=0
ÿ page 10
2+ 2ÿ2ÿ2=1
AND.
ÿ page 85
The amount of paint to paint the solids considered is proportional to the surface area
total. The total surface area of a sphere of radius 1 meter is:
ball = 4 m2 .
sphere > cube.

The solid obtained is a sphere of radius 1 cm from which a sphere of radius volume è has been 2
cm. His
removed
4 1 4 1
13 ÿ
3 3 ( 2 ) 2 )
=(4 3 ) cm3 = 3(1ÿ( 3 ) cm3 =
4 7 7
= × cm3 = cm3 .
3 8 6

65
Question 41
Let be the set of odd or prime positive integers. So it is true that:

A. 12 ÿ ÿ page 23 ÿ
B. 98 ÿ page 52 ÿ page
C. 13 ÿ D. 20 ÿ page 19 ÿ
2ÿ page 84
E. 3 ÿ
Worth < 2 < . Therefore the answer is wrong.

2
If we make use of the properties of powers with the same base, we deduce that the answer is wrong. ÿ
to question 43 on page 68
The number 6 is not prime. Therefore the answer is wrong.

The sum of the internal angles of a polygon, regular or non-regular, having sides is equal to (ÿ2) flat
angles. Therefore, the sum of the internal angles of a hexagon is equal to 4 radians. Therefore the
answer is right.
66
Question 42
The equation ÿ 2 ÿ = 0 is verified
A. only for = ÿ1 B. ÿ page 29

only for ÿ 0 C. only ÿ page 11
for = 0 D. only for = ÿ page 14
1 E. for every real ÿ page 45
value of ÿ page 18
2 2 2
(ÿ +(ÿ = ,
0) 0)

In 18 years the ages of Luigi's two children will be 33 and 29. So Luigi's age will be (33+29)
years, i.e. 62 years. It can be deduced that today Luigi is (62-18) years old, i.e. 44 years old. Therefore the answer
it's right.

2
67
Question 43
Which of the following equalities holds regardless of the real numbers and ?
2ÿ 2
+
A. 3 3ÿ =3 ÿ page 66
+ 2
B. 3 3ÿ = (3 ) ÿ page 80
2 2
+
C. 3 3ÿ =3 ÿ3 ÿ page 42
2
+
D. 3 3ÿ =3 ÿ page 61
+
E. 3 3ÿ = 3 (3 3 ÿ ) ÿ page 20
(ÿ1,0) 2
3
(0,ÿ1)
1

For example, the inequality 3ÿ 3 + 8 < 0 is not satisfied for = 0 < 1. Therefore the answer
it's wrong.
ÿ2 ÿ2
+ = ÿ2. Therefore the answer is right.
Ok cos ( 4 ) + sin ( 4 ) = 2 2
For values of such that sin ÿ 0 the assigned equation is equivalent to
sin2 = 1 ÿ sin = ±1.
So the solutions are = 2

+ , for every integer value of . Therefore the answer is right.
68
Question 44
In the Cartesian plane, how many points are there , ) so all three are verified
( following conditions?
2
( + )2 = 1, 2+ = 1, + ÿ 0
A. One ÿ page 75
B. Due ÿ page 13
C. Infinite ÿ page 67
D. None ÿ page 82
E. Four ÿ page 70
ÿ3 2
The area of the triangle is equal 4
to is wrong.
which, when multiplied by the second, gives the starting polynomial as a result, we deduce that the
answer is wrong.
The side of the triangle is a chord of the circumference which subtends an angle at the center 23.
equal to = If we use the chord theorem, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
69
Question 45
The solutions of the trigonometric equation

1
sin =
sin
I am
A. = /2 + , for every integer value of B. ÿ page 68

none of the other answers C. = /2, for ÿ page 54
every integer value of , for every integer value of ÿ page 40
value of D. = 3 /2 + 2 , for every integer ÿ page 14
E. = /2 + 2 ÿ page 33

2
(ÿ1,0) 2
(0,ÿ1)
1

70
Question 46
Let be a square of side ÿ, ratio 1

the circumscribed circle a the circle inscribed in , 2 . The
of the surface area of 1 and the surface area of 2

OK
A. 4 ÿ page 38
B. 2 ÿ page 76
C. ÿ2 ÿ page 29
D. varies as ÿ varies ÿ page 31
E. 2ÿ2 ÿ page 37
Per < < 3

it is worth sin < 0 and cos < 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.
2
So:
ÿ
area( ) = 2 ÿ area( )=2ÿ

=ÿ .
If = 4 cm, using the Pythagorean theorem, it can be calculated is wrong. and deduce that answer
71
Question 47
Let it be an isosceles right triangle. Then the sum of the cosines of the internal angles of
is equal to
B. 1 29 ÿ page 40 ÿ
C. ÿ3 D. page 76 ÿ page
1 + ÿ2 E. ÿ2 81
OK:
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 ÿ 2 sin )| = = ÿ3 ÿ 2 ÿ 0.
2

The solutions of the considered equation must be numbers ÿ 0 that satisfy the quadratic equation
2 ÿ + 1 = 0.
The discriminant of the previous equation is ÿ = 2ÿ4 and, if = 2, ÿ = 0 is valid. Therefore the equation
admits the only solution = 2. Therefore the answer is correct.
72
Question 48
From an external point to a circle with a center and radius of 1 cm, draw the tangents to this circle
that meet it at the points and . The area of the polygon is ÿ3 cm2 if the distance from is
A. 3 cm ÿ page ÿ 9
B. 2 cm page 36 ÿ page
C. 4 cm 71
ÿ3
D. cm ÿ page 21
2
3
AND. cm ÿ page 10
2
1/4
3/2
( 81 ÿ64) 3 2
= = 2(3/2)ÿ(3/4) = 23/4 ÿ 1.
3 2 3/4 3
2ÿ2

If we observe that a diagonal forms a triangle with two consecutive sides of the parallelogram, we deduce
73
Question 49
+3
The set of solutions of the inequality ÿ 2 consists of all real numbers
+1
such that
A. ÿ1 < ÿ 2 ÿ 1 C. ÿ page 83
B. ÿ1 ÿ page 50
ÿ page 59
D. < ÿ1 ÿ page 46
E. ÿ1 < ÿ 1 ÿ page 16
2
( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 =
2
The equation 2+ ÿ 2 + 2 = 0 can be written as ( ÿ 1)2 + ( + 1)2 = 2. Therefore the answer
is wrong.
of the 6 rowers. This number is equal to
6 6! 5ÿ6
= = 15.
( 4 )= 4! (6 ÿ 4)! 2


74
Question 50
For 0 ÿ ÿ /2, the equation ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 ÿ 2 sin = 0 has a solution

A. = /3 ÿ page 57
B. = /6 ÿ page 19
C. = /4 ÿ page 79
D. = 0 ÿ page 30
E. = /2 ÿ page 72
For example, if = 3, the equation becomes sin( ) = ÿ1, but, for 0 ÿ ÿ it assumes , the sin( ) function
all and only the values between 0 and 1. Therefore the answer is wrong.

2 2
(2) + = 1 circle with center the origin and radius 1
(ÿ1,0) 2
(0,ÿ1)
1
75
Question 51
A rational number between ÿ5 and ÿ8 is:
A. 2,52 B. ÿ page 37 ÿ page

1,98 C. 27 ÿ page 35 ÿ
3,01 page 39
D. (ÿ5 ÿ ÿ8) /2 E. (ÿ5

+ ÿ8)/2 ÿ page 20

=
We observe that the diagonal of = ÿ2 ÿ. The circle has radius 2 1
has radius 1 while the circle 2 ,
= ÿ
2
2. The required ratio is:
2
( 2 )
area( 1 ) = =
2 ÿ2 ÿ2
2
= 2.
ÿ
area( 2 )
( 2 )

1ÿ0
= = ÿ1. 0 ÿ
1
The line = 1 is a horizontal line. Therefore the answer is wrong.

Remembering that the sum of the internal angles of a triangle is equal to a flat angle, we deduce that the
answer is wrong.
76
Question 52
30 % of students enrolled in a university course passed the exam relating to the course
at the first appeal. If, of the remaining enrolled students, 10% pass the exam at the second session,
students who still have to pass the exam after the first two sessions will be:
A. 37% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 84
B. 63% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 77
C. 70% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 39
D. 60% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 10
E. 40% of the total number of students enrolled in the course ÿ page 62
70
total, therefore the students who remain after the first session are those who 100
100 of the total. The students
10
× 70 = 7
passed the exam at the second session are a fraction of the total equal to Therefore the 100 100 100 .
students who still have to pass the exam after the second session are a fraction
30 ÿ
7 = 63
of the total equal to 1 ÿ100
100 . Therefore
100 the answer is right.
ÿ on page 87
OK:
(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10(10 ÿ ÿ2).
If it is a real number it holds:

4
+ 5 ÿ 5 > 0.
So the inequality is never verified. Therefore the answer is right.

77
Question 53
The expression
log10 3ÿ 2 + 1 ÿ log10 1000

OK:
1000( 2+1)
A. log10 3 ÿ page 31
2
B. log10( C. + 1) ÿ page 12
log10 3ÿ 2 + 1 + log10 1000 3 log10[1000( E. ÿ page 23

1 2
D. + 1)] ÿ page 41
log10(1000 3ÿ 2
+ 1) ÿ page 49
for the centers it contains the point of tangency between the circles. Therefore, said the center of is internal to with ,
and is different from considering the straight line passing through and in two points,
, this straight line intersects ,
which are the points through which the two circumferences with centers tangent to pass.
Answer B to question 3 is wrong
Worth <2< , therefore sin 2 > 0 and cos 2 < 0. Therefore the answer is wrong.
2
Remembering that, for every ÿ ÿ, we have sin2 + cos2 = 1 and sin 2 = 2 sin cos , OK:
2 2 2
ÿ 2 sin cos =
( sin 12 ÿ cos 12) = ( sin 12) + ( cos 12) 12 12
1 1
= 1 ÿ sin 6 =1ÿ = .
2 2
Worth < 2 < . Therefore the answer is wrong.

2
78
Question 54
The expression
2
( sin 12 ÿ cos 12)
is also equal to: A.
1 ÿ ÿ3/2 ÿ page 30 ÿ
B. 3/2 page 35
C. 1 ÿ ÿ2/2 ÿ page 17 ÿ
D. 1/2 page 78 ÿ page
E.1 46
OK:
1 1 ÿ2
(ÿ3 sin2 + ÿ3 cos2 ÿ 2 sin )| = = ÿ3 + ÿ3 ÿ2 ÿ 0.
4 2 2 2

If we use the remainder theorem, we deduce that the answer is wrong. ÿ to

The side of the triangle is a chord of the circumference which subtends an angle at the center equal 23.
to = If we use the chord theorem, we deduce that the answer is wrong. ÿ to

The function ÿ 3| 2| + 2 is an even function that does not vanish for = 0. It follows that, if the equation admits one
solution, it also admits another (its opposite). Therefore the solutions are in even number. Therefore the answer is
wrong.
79
Question 55
A team of workers must asphalt a circular lay-by. Once she arrives on site, she discovers that the square is
double the diameter than expected. How much asphalt is needed compared to what was estimated?
A. You cannot answer if you do not know either the expected or actual radius ÿ page 35 ÿ page 32 ÿ
page 51 ÿ page 33
2
B. A quantity C. times that expected ÿ page 38
Double D.
Quadruple E. A
quantity twice that expected
OK:
( ÿ 2) = ( ÿ 2)2 ÿ ( ÿ 2)3 .
2 2 2
(ÿ 0) +(ÿ 0)
= ,
Making use of the properties of powers with the same base, we have:
+ ++ÿ 2
3 3ÿ =3 = 32 = (3 )
.
80
Question 56
With respect to an orthogonal Cartesian reference system with equation ÿ3 2 + , the circumference is given
ÿ3 2 ÿ 2 ÿ 2 = 0. Then its radius is: A. ÿ2/3
ÿ page 45 ÿ page
B. 3 58 ÿ page 80 ÿ
C. ÿ3 page 53 ÿ page
D. 1 67
E.2
which, when multiplied by the second, gives the starting polynomial as a result, we deduce that the answer
is wrong.
Remembering that the sum of the internal angles of a triangle is equal to a flat angle, the measure of the other two internal angles
(which are equal) is obtained by calculating (180ÿ ÿ 90ÿ )/2 = 45ÿ . So the sum of the cosines of the internal angles of is equal to
ÿ2 ÿ2
cos 90ÿ + cos 45ÿ + cos 45ÿ = 0 + + = ÿ2
2 2

81

2
(ÿ1,0) 2
(0,ÿ1)
1

For = 0 the following applies:
(cos( ) + sin( ))| =0 = 1 + 0 ÿ 0.

The polynomial considered is an even function and therefore, if the equation admits a solution
negative, it also admits a positive one (its opposite). Therefore the answer is wrong.
82
The equation of a circle with center (0, ÿ 2) and radius = ÿ + 4 is:
2 2
+ ( + 2)2 = ÿ 2+ 2 + 4 + 4 = + 4.
1ÿ0
= = 1. 1
ÿ0

Two circles with distinct centers are mutually tangent if and only if the straight line passing through the centers
contains the point of tangency between the circles. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Remembering that a polynomial is divisible by a second polynomial if there exists a third polynomial which,
when multiplied by the second, gives the starting polynomial as a result, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
For example, if = 2, it holds:

+3 2+3 5
= = < 2.
+1 | =2 2+1 3

The numbers = 0 and = 0 satisfy 2

+
2
= 0, but it is not > . Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to
83
For example, the point (ÿ1,0) is different from the point (ÿ1,2), but it is not such that ÿ ÿ1 and ÿ 2. Therefore
70
total, therefore the students who remain after the first session are those who 100 of the total. Students who
100
10
× 70 = 7
passed the exam at the second session are a fraction of the total equal to Therefore the answer 100 100 100 .
is wrong.
For example, the point (1, ÿ 2) is different from the point (ÿ1,2), but it is not such that ÿ ÿ2. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
ÿ3 2
The area of the triangle is equal to 4 . Since the triangle has double sides, we deduce that the answer
is wrong.
For example, the inequality 3ÿ 3 + 8 < 0 is not satisfied for = answer is wrong.
ÿ3
2
< ÿ1. Therefore the
The remainder theorem states that the remainder of the proposed division is obtained by evaluating the polynomial
per = ÿ1:
4
remainder = ( 5 ÿ 3 + 3)| =ÿ1 = ÿ1.

The number 3 is odd, so it belongs to . Therefore the answer is wrong.

84
Question 57
For which of the following values does cos( ) + sin( ) = 0 hold?

A. = ÿ page 55
4
B. = 0 ÿ page 82
C. = ÿ page 44
D. = ÿ page 41
2
3
E. = ÿ page 35
4
1ÿ0
= = ÿ1.
0ÿ1
The line 2 + 3 = 0 can be written in the form = è ÿ . Therefore the ÿ2

3
and therefore its slope
ÿ
answer= is wrong.
ÿ2
3
1ÿ0
= = ÿ1.
0ÿ1
The line = 2 is a vertical line. Therefore the answer is wrong.

2
( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 =
2
The equation 2+ ÿ 2 ÿ 2 = 1 can be written as ( ÿ 1)2 + ( ÿ 1)2 = 3. Therefore it
represents the circumference with center C and radius ÿ3 and this circumference is not tangential to the axis
from the . Therefore the answer is wrong.
85
Question 58
Let a circle and let be a point of the internal plane a are the , different from the center. How much it is
circles with center tangent to ?

A. 4 ÿ page 65
B. 0 ÿ page 83
C. 1 ÿ page 37
D. 2 ÿ page 78
E. 3 ÿ page 22
Question 59
if has (10 ÿ ÿ2) =

Given a positive real number and setting ( ) = log10 ,
1
A. ÿ page 59
()
B. 2 ÿ 2 ( ) ÿ page 77
C. 1 ÿ 2 ( ) 1 ÿ page 63
D. ÿ page 51
2()
E. ÿ2 ( ) ÿ page 11
Question 60
With respect to an orthogonal Cartesian reference system the distance to the point of
coordinates (ÿ4, 2) from the straight line of equation = 2 is:
A. ÿ2 ÿ page 47
B. 2 ÿ page 30
C. ÿ6 ÿ page 23
D. 6 ÿ page 33
E.4 ÿ page 32
86
Mathematics 2
Go to the page containing the question from

which to begin reading this section of
the mentor, as indicated in the box
below.

Question 61
sin( ) 3
For which of the following values of does one have sin ( 3 ) =
A. = ÿ page 118 ÿ
3 B. = 3 page 89 ÿ page
C. = 2 114 ÿ page 100
D. =
6
E. = ÿ page 101
2
The set of 100 people can be seen as the union of the following four pairwise disjoint subsets:
= {people who speak both English and French} =

{people who speak English, but do not speak French} =
{people who speak French, but do not speak English} =
{people who speak neither English nor French}
The number of people in is equal to = 12, the number of people in is equal to = 51 ÿ 12 = 39, the
number of people in is equal to = 36 ÿ 12 = 24. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to
The proposed equation is a quadratic equation which can be put in the form
2 ÿ ÿ 1 = 0.
2
The discriminant is ÿ = wrong. + 4 and is positive for every real value of . Therefore the answer is
88
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot remaining in the mixture is calculated as follows. The fraction
of pinot before the operation is multiplied by the fraction of wine remaining in the bottle after sampling.
The added fraction is added to the value obtained. We summarize the effects of manipulations on wine
in a table.
Pinot hamlet
1
Initial situation
2
1 2 1 2
×+233 =
First replacement 3
23×+ 1 3
344 =
Second replacement 4

ÿ on page 132
2 2
If and are odd even of odd they are odd and therefore 2ÿ 2 is always even as a difference
and
numbers. Therefore the answer is wrong.

For = 0 the equation becomes = 1, which is the equation of a horizontal line. Therefore the answer is
wrong.
If we evaluate the two members of the proposed equality for = 3 , if you have:
= sin = 0,
sin ( 3 )| =3
sin( ) = sin(3 ) =
0, 3
3| =3
therefore = 3 checks for equality. Therefore the answer is right.

89
Question 62
Let there be two equilateral triangles in the plane that can be rotated and translated freely
one compared to the other. Given any position of the two triangles, their portion of
overlapping surface can never be
A. a trapezoid B. ÿ page 126

a hexagon C. a ÿ page 128
rectangle D. an ÿ page 96
equilateral triangle E. a right ÿ page 91
triangle ÿ page 129
If, for example, a citizen's income is €15,000>€10,000, he will have to pay, according to the new
system, an amount of ( 20 100 15000 + 1000) €= 4000 €, while, with the old system, he would have paid
25
gato 100 € 15,000 = €3,750 . Therefore the new system is less convenient. Therefore the answer
is wrong.
OK:
3 + 3 + (ÿ1) 3( + 1) + (ÿ1) (ÿ1)
= = =3+ .
+1 +1 +1
1
For example, if = 1, = 3 ÿ 2
= 2.5 < 2.99 and therefore not all numbers are greater than 2.99.
3
The volume of a sphere of radius is =
4
, while the volume of a cylinder having diameter
3
2
= 3
. OK:
base and height is = ( 2 ) 4
4 3
3 16 1
= = =5+3 ,
3 3
4
therefore the minimum number of cylinders needed is 6. Therefore the answer is correct.
90

If we make use of the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1 and the properties of logarithms, we deduce that
If we make use of the periodicity property of the function tan(2 ÿ 5 ), we deduce that the answer
is wrong.
Aldo and Bea have two seats available and therefore have two ways to arrange themselves. The
other four friends have four places available. If you use the formula to calculate the number of
permutations of 4 people in 4 places, you deduce that the answer is wrong.
The function cos2 ÿ cos ÿ 2 for = 0 is ÿ2 and therefore = 2 is not a solution for = 0.
For example, if the triangles are arranged so that one is contained within the other, the
overlapping portion of the surface is an equilateral triangle. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If, for example, there are 20 €1 coins and 20 €2 coins the piggy bank contains €60. Therefore
91
Question 63
Strictly positive integers, less than 6. Knowing ,

they are all different from each other and they are all
,
that their sum is equal to 12, determine their product.

A. 60 ÿ page 94
B. 24 ÿ page 92
C. 50 ÿ page 105
D. 40 ÿ page 124
E. 30 ÿ page 117
The condition = + 1 is false for every value of . Therefore the answer is wrong.
The points ( , ) of the set satisfy the inequality

ÿ2
> 0.
Solving this inequality, we deduce that the answer is wrong.

The numbers ,are

, , all different from each other and can only take on the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Having observed that 1 + 2 + 3 +
4 + 5 = 15, it can be deduced that only the values 1, 2 are taken on , 4, 5 (in one order
anyone). Therefore the answer is wrong.
If, for example, a citizen's income is €25,000, he will have to pay, according to the new system, an amount of
( 20 100 25000 + 1000) €= 6000 €, whereas, with the old system, he would have paid
25
to
100
€ 25,000 = €6,250 . So the new system is more convenient. Therefore the answer is
wrong.
92
If = (0, ÿ 1/2) is valid:

5
= ÿ5,
=
.
,
=ÿ5 4 2
2 2 2
= + 25 5
Verified that it occurs as a hypotenuse. Therefore the answer ,
4
=5+
4, the triangle is rectangle with
is wrong.
For example, for = 0 the function ÿ 2 ÿ 1 is not defined. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If it is the income in euros, a citizen will have to pay, according to the new system, an amount of
20 25
100 + 1000, whereas, with the old system, he would have paid 100 . Noting that > 25,000, yes
deduces that the answer is wrong.
For every positive integer, the proposed equation is a first degree equation in the variable and, highlighting
the first member, it is equivalent to the equation
1 1 2
+ÿÿÿ+ +ÿÿÿ+=2
,
(1+ 2 )+1+
1 1
that is, set = 1 + + ÿ ÿ ÿ + 2

> 0,
= 0.
So the (unique) solution of the equation is = 0 for every . Therefore the answer is right.
Let's introduce the notations:
= total number of coins
1
= number of €1 coins
2 = number of €2 coins.
It must count
= = 60.
1+2 ,
1+2 2
93
From the previous relations we obtain
1 + 2( ÿ 2 + 1 ) = 60 ÿ 1 = 2 ÿ 60
.
2
ÿ
2 = 60 ÿ 2 = 60 ÿ
It < 40 if it has 1 < 20 and 2 > 20. Therefore the answer is correct.
The numbers ,are

, , all different from each other and can only take on the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Having observed that 1 + 2 + 3 +
4 + 5 = 15, it can be deduced that only the values 1, 2 are taken on , 4, 5 (in one order
2 ÿ ÿ 1 = 0.
2
If and are distinct the different lines.

ÿ
and ÿ are not parallel because they have a slope

For every real number the value | ÿ1| ÿ 0. It follows that the solutions must satisfy the condition
1 ÿ | | ÿ 0, or ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. If we observe that for these values of we have | ÿ 1| = 1 ÿ can be deduced ,

The proposed equation can be studied in the equivalent form
sin + = 0,
and, since ( ) = sin + an odd function, it is sufficient to consider the values ÿ 0. If you use
from the properties of the sin function we deduce that the answer is wrong.
,
94
Question 64
Let a positive number be odd and the next odd number. You have:
2 2
A. ÿ
is divisible by 16 and may not be divisible by 32 ÿ page 95

2 2
B. ÿ
it can be odd ÿ page 89

2 2
C. ÿ

2 2
D. ÿ

2 2
AND. ÿ
The function tan(2 ÿ 5 ), in the interval ÿ <<4

4, assumes all real values, therefore in this interval
there exists a solution of the proposed equation. This solution is called , being the function
periodic of period = with any 2, the infinite values of the form ÿ are solutions of the equation +
2,
integer. Therefore the answer is right.

2
Developing the square on the first member of the equation ( ÿ 1)2 ÿ = 0, we observe that i
2 2
coefficients turn out to have coefficients of opposite signs. If the definition is used
It is
of circumference, we deduce that the answer is wrong.

2 2
If, for example, = 1 and = 3 the answer is ÿ
= 9 ÿ 1 = 8, which is not divisible by 16. Therefore the

wrong.
4 3
The volume of a sphere of radius is = , while the volume of a cylinder having diameter
3
2 3
=
base and height is = ( 2 ) 4
. Therefore the answer is wrong.
95
sin + = 0,
and, since ( ) = sin + an odd function, it is sufficient to consider the values ÿ 0. It is immediate to
observe that = 0 is a solution. Furthermore, it applies:
0 < ÿ ÿ sin + > 0
> ÿ sin + > ÿ1 + > 0,
therefore there are no other solutions. Therefore the answer is right.

If ÿ > 0 is a solution, sin ÿ = ÿÿ holds. On the other hand
sin(ÿ + ) = ÿ sin ÿ = ÿ,
and therefore ÿ + is a solution to the equation if and only if ÿ = ÿ(ÿ + ), i.e. ÿ = ÿ value is but such 2 ,
negative. Therefore the answer is wrong.

In general, the overlapping surface portion is a polygon whose sides are parts of the sides of
equilateral triangles. To obtain a rectangle you must necessarily arrange the triangles so that one
side of one and one side of the other are parallel. With the arrangement described, any two sides (of
both triangles) are either parallel or form an angle of 60ÿ and therefore it is not possible to obtain a
rectangle. Alternatively, you can also proceed by exclusion, observing that it is possible to arrange
the triangles in order to obtain a trapezoid, a hexagon, an equilateral triangle or a right-angled triangle
(the other answers). Therefore the answer is right.
If it is the income in euros, a citizen will have to pay, according to the new system, an amount of
20 25
100 +1000, while, under the old system, he would have paid 100 . If > 25 000, the difference is
negative
20 25 25 000
= 1000 ÿ < 1000 ÿ = ÿ250.
( 100 + 1000) ÿ 100 20 20

96
Question 65
In the Cartesian plane, the locus of coordinate points ( ÿ 4) = 0 , ) that verify the equation
2 2
(ÿ2 )( is:
A. the set consisting of the points with coordinates (1,ÿ2), (1, 2) ÿ page 110
B. the set consisting of the points with coordinates (1, 2), (ÿ1, 2) ÿ page 129
C. the union of a parabola and two lines D. the ÿ page 107
intersection of a hyperbola and two lines E. the ÿ page 118
intersection of a parabola and two lines ÿ page 127
Called ÿ the side of the original square, overlapping rectangles have sides ÿ and ÿ/2. Their perimeter
1
= 2(ÿ + ÿ/2) = 3ÿ. So ÿ = the answer is right.3 ÿ12 cm= 4 cm and the area of the square is 16 cm2 . Therefore

Let the legs of the right-angled triangle be. The cone generated by the rotation of the triangle around
ad has height and base radius. The cone generated by the rotation of the triangle around ha
base height and radius. If you calculate the volumes of the cones, you deduce that the answer is wrong.
Se = (ÿ4.0) is valid:
= ÿ5, = 5, = 2ÿ5.
2 2 2
Verified that there is a = + , as 25 = 5 + 20, the triangle is rectangle with
hypotenuse. Therefore the answer is wrong.
97
Question 66
In a Cartesian plane we consider the equation lines
=+2+1
where is a real parameter.

Which of the following statements is true?
A. The lines are two by two incidents, but there is no common point for all of them
ÿ page 125 ÿ
B. For = 0 the equation of a line is not obtained page 89 ÿ page
C. All lines pass through the point (1, ÿ 2) 121 ÿ page 114
D. All lines pass through the point (ÿ2,1) ÿ page 94
E. The lines are parallel to each other
Let's preliminarily observe that there is no single way to arrange the 9 squares to form a rectangle.
However, it can be stated that the measurements of the sides of the rectangle expressed in cm are whole
numbers greater than 1 (the rectangle must contain squares whose side measures 2 cm) and that the
area of the rectangle is = (2 ÿ 22 + 7 ÿ 12 ) cm2 = 15 cm2 . Since the prime factorization of 15 is 15 = 3 ÿ
5, necessarily, if a rectangle can be formed, its sides measure 3 cm and 5 cm. Different ways to construct
a rectangle with the dimensions found are illustrated in the figure.
Therefore the perimeter of the rectangle is = 2(3 + 5) cm = 16 cm. Therefore the answer is right. ÿ to
98
Question 67
For which reals does the inequality ÿ 2 occur ÿ1>2?
A. ÿ ÿ1 ÿ ÿ1 ÿ page 107
B. ÿ page 125
C. ÿ1 < < 1 ÿ page 93
D. for no real E. ÿ page 124
ÿ1 ÿ page 118
It is immediate to observe that:
2
( ÿ 1)2 ÿ = ( ÿ 1 ÿ )( ÿ 1 + ).
Then the locus points satisfy one of the following two conditions:
ÿ1ÿ=0 or ÿ 1 + = 0.

ÿ2 > 0. His
The points ( ) of the set considered are obtained by solving the inequality solutions
,
satisfying one of the following systems of inequalities:
{ ÿ 2 <<00 or { ÿ 2 > 0 >0
The first system identifies the points of the third quadrant which are below the straight line = While,
2 , the second system identifies the points of the first quadrant which are above the straight line = 2 (see
figure).
=2
99
So the set is made up of two angles opposite to the vertex. Therefore the answer is right.
If = (1,2) is valid:
= ÿ5, = 2, = 1.
2 2
Verified that there is a = 2+ , as 5 = 4 + 1, the triangle is rectangle with
Using the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1 and the properties of logarithms, we have:
2 2
log( 4+2 + sin2 + cos2 ) = log( 4+2 + 1) = +
2 2
= log( 1)2 = 2 log( + 1).

Aldo and Bea have two seats available and therefore have two ways to arrange themselves. The other four
friends have four places available. If you use the formula to calculate the number of permutations of 4 people
in 4 places, you deduce that the answer is wrong.
We observe that, for ÿ ÿ, the following holds:
sin 3 = sin cos 2 + cos sin 2 =
= sin (1 ÿ 2 sin2 ) + 2 sin cos2 = = sin [(1
ÿ 2 sin2 ) + 2(1 ÿ sin2 )] = 3 sin ÿ 4 sin3 .
Using the previous inequality with = and observing that 0 < < 18 18 if you have:
2,
sin ( 6 )
= sin ( 3 18) =
3 sin ( 18) ÿ 4 sin3 ( 18)
=
3 3 3
= sin ( 18) ÿ 3 sin3 ( 18) < sin ( 18) ,
therefore = 6 does not verify the proposed equality. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to
100
For every real number the value | ÿ1| ÿ 0. It follows that the solutions must satisfy the condition | ÿ 0, or ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. If we
observe that for these values of we have | ÿ 1| = 1 ÿ we deduce 1 ÿ | that the answer is wrong. ,
Let's preliminarily observe that there is no single way to arrange the 9 squares to form a rectangle. Different ways to do this are
illustrated in the figure.
However, it can be stated that the measurements of the sides of the rectangle expressed in cm are whole numbers greater than 1
(the rectangle must contain squares whose side measures 2 cm) and that the area of the rectangle is = (2 ÿ 22 + 7 ÿ 12 ) cm2 = 15
cm2 . If this information is used, it is inferred that the answer is wrong.
OK:
=
3 + 3 + (ÿ1) + 1 =
3( + 1) + (ÿ1) + 1 (ÿ1)
=3+ .
+1
If it is even, = 3 + the > 3 > 2.99 and therefore there are infinitely many numbers greater than 2.99. Therefore
1 +1
answer is wrong.
If we evaluate the two members of the equality proposed for = if has:

2,
,
sin ( 3 )| = = sin ( 6 )= 2
2
sin( ) 3 sin( ) 1
= 2 =
,
3 3
|=
2
therefore = 2
does not test for equality. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question 61 on
page 88
101
Question 68
Consider all the real numbers of the form
=
3 + 3 + (ÿ1)
+1
where is any positive integer. How many of the numbers are greater than 2.99?
A. infinite, but not all ÿ page 105
B. none ÿ page 115
C. one ÿ page 101
D. due ÿ page 120
And all ÿ page 90
If we make use of the equality sin2 + cos2 = 1 and the properties of logarithms, we deduce that the
answer is wrong.
For every positive integer, the proposed equation is a first degree equation in the variable .
By solving it, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
1 ÿ | ÿ 0, or ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. For these values of we have | ÿ 1| = 1 ÿ . So the problem is
| reduced to the study of the equation 1 ÿ = 1 ÿ | |, with the condition ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. Ultimately
you have to solve = | |, with the condition ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1, obtaining the solution 0 ÿ ÿ 1.
The function cos2 ÿ cos ÿ 2 vanishes if, for example, = is chosen . Therefore the answer is
incorrectly.
102
Question 69
In a country where every citizen is required to pay 25% of their income in taxes, one year the rate
is lowered to 20%. However, at the same time a "one-off" tax of €1000 is introduced which each
taxpayer is required to pay. It can be said that in that same year, in relation to this operation:
A. citizens with an income exceeding €25,000 had to pay an amount increased by one fifth
compared to what they would have had to pay according to the rules of the previous year ÿ
page 93 ÿ page 92
B. the tax burden remained unchanged for everyone
C. only citizens with an income above €10,000 were advantaged ÿ page 90
D. citizens with an income above €25,000 were benefited ÿ page 96
E. only citizens with an income of less than €20,000 were benefited

ÿ page 116
The remainder theorem establishes that the remainder of the proposed division is obtained by evaluating the
polynomial for = 2:
3
remainder = (2 ÿ 3 + 2)| =2 = 12.

The distance between the centers of the circles is ÿ(2 ÿ 0)2 + (2 ÿ 0)2 = 2ÿ2 > 2, so they have no points in common (see figure).
103
Question 70
A rectangle is made up of two squares whose side measures 2 cm and seven squares whose side measures 2 cm
side measures 1 cm. The perimeter of the rectangle measures
A. 22 cm ÿ page 116
B. 18 cm ÿ page 130
C. 24 cm ÿ page 101
D. 20 cm ÿ page 113
E. 16 cm ÿ page 98
1
2
The points on the circles that minimize ( 1 , 2 ) are on the line that passes through i
centers as shown in the figure. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If = (ÿ1,0) is valid:
= ÿ5, = 2, = ÿ5.
The triangle is isosceles on the and it is not rectangle since in a right isosceles triangle
base only the base can be the hypotenuse (the longest side) and, in the case in question, >.
therefore the answer is correct.
It cannot be = ÿ2 because it is rational, while ÿ2 is not. Therefore the answer is wrong.

104
If we make use of the periodicity property of the function tan(2 ÿ 5 ), we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
2 ÿ ÿ 1 = 0.
The discriminant is ÿ = wrong. 2

+ 4 and is positive for every real value of . Therefore the answer is
OK:
3 + 3 + (ÿ1) + 1 3( + 1) + (ÿ1) + 1 (ÿ1)
= = =3++ .
1
1
If it is even, = 3 + > 3 > 2.99
+1
and therefore there are infinitely many numbers greater than 2.99. To
1
example, if = 1, = 3 ÿ 2 = 2.5 < 2.99 and therefore not all numbers are greater than 2.99.
Therefore the answer is correct.
numbers ,,, they are all different from each other and can only take on the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Observing the
given that 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15, it can be deduced that only the values 1, 2 are taken on , 4, 5 (in one order
If, for example, there are 2 €1 coins and 29 €2 coins the piggy bank contains more
€2 than €1 coins. Therefore the answer is wrong.
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot remaining in the mixture is calculated as follows. Yes
multiply the fraction of pinot before the operation by the fraction of wine remaining in the bottle
after collection. The added fraction is added to the value obtained. Therefore the answer is wrong.
105
It is immediate to observe that = 0 is the solution of the equation for every positive integer. Therefore the answer is
wrong.
2 ÿ ÿ 1 = 0.
The discriminant is ÿ = + 4 and is 2positive for every real value of . So the equation always has two distinct real
solutions. Therefore the answer is right.
Aldo and Bea have two seats available and therefore have two ways to arrange themselves. The other four friends
have four seats available and therefore it is a question of calculating the number of permutations of 4 people on 4
seats, that is, 4! = 1 ÿ 2 ÿ 3 ÿ 4 = 24. It follows that the different ways that the six friends have to arrange themselves
in the compartment are 2 ÿ 24 = 48. Therefore the answer is correct. ÿ to question 69 on page 103
4 3
The volume of a sphere with radius = base , while the volume of a cylinder having diameter
3
2
= 3
and height = ( 2 ) 4
. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to
The set of 100 people can be seen as the union of the following four pairwise disjoint subsets:
= {people who speak both English and French} = {people

who speak English, but do not speak French} = {people who speak
French, but do not speak English} = {people who speak neither English
nor French}
The number of people in is equal to = 12, the number of people in is equal to = 51 ÿ 12 = 39, the number of people
in is equal to = 36 ÿ 12 = 24. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question 80 on page 121
106
Question 71
Fixed in the plane is a system of orthogonal Cartesian axes , let's consider the points =
(1,0) and = (0,2). For what choice of point the triangle Isn't it a rectangle?
A. = (0, ÿ 1/2) ÿ page 93

B. = (ÿ1,0) ÿ page 104
C. = (1,2) ÿ page 100
D. = (ÿ4,0) ÿ page 97
E. = (0,0) ÿ page 115
The requested location is made up of all and only the points that satisfy at least one of the following
equations:
ÿ 2 2 = 0 or ÿ 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.
The first is the equation of a parabola, the other two are straight lines. Therefore the answer is right.
For example, for = 0 the function ÿ 2 ÿ 1 is not defined. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The function cos2 ÿ cos ÿ 2 for = 0 is ÿ2 and therefore = 3 is not a solution for = 0.
Since ÿ2 is an irrational number, there is no smallest rational number greater than ÿ2.
If, for example, there are 56 €1 coins and 2 €2 coins the piggy bank contains more
€1 and €2 coins. Therefore the answer is wrong.
107
Question 72
A winery produces the renowned Pirlot, a blend of Pinot white and red
merlot in equal parts. From a bottle the producer takes 1/3 and replaces it with one
identical portion of pinot only, then takes 1/4 of the new mixture and replaces it again with
an identical portion of pinot only. What fraction of the final blend is pinot?
A. 5/7 ÿ page 105

B. 7/12 ÿ page 109
C. 5/12 ÿ page 119
D. 2/3 ÿ page 121
E. 3/4 ÿ page 89
If it is an odd positive number it means that for some positive integer = 2 ÿ 1

next odd number of is = 2 + 1. It is valid:
2 2
ÿ
= ( + )( ÿ ) = 4 ÿ 2 = 8 .
2 2
So ÿ
it is always divisible by 8. Therefore the answer is wrong.

2
( ÿ 1)2 ÿ = ( ÿ 1 ÿ )( ÿ 1 + ).
ÿ1ÿ=0 or ÿ 1 + = 0.

friends have four seats available. If you use the formula to calculate the number of
permutations of 4 people in 4 places, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
108
Called ÿ the side of the original square, overlapping rectangles have sides ÿ and ÿ/2. If you use
the definitions of the perimeter of a rectangle and the area of a square, you deduce that the
answer is wrong.
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot remaining in the mixture is calculated as follows. The
fraction of pinot before the operation is multiplied by the fraction of wine remaining in the bottle
after sampling. The added fraction is added to the value obtained. Therefore the answer is wrong.
For every positive integer, the proposed equation is a first degree equation in the variable .
By solving it, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
The distance between the centers of the circles is ÿ(2 ÿ 0)2 + (2 ÿ 0)2 = 2ÿ2 > 2, so they
have no points in common (see figure).
1
2
The points on the circumferences that minimize ( 1 , 2 ) are located on the line that passes
through the centers as shown in the figure. Therefore the
answer is wrong. ÿ to question 77 on page 118
109
Question 73
A square-shaped sheet of paper is folded into two equal parts to form

two overlapping rectangles. Knowing that the perimeter of the rectangle is 12 cm, what is it
the area of the original square?
A. 9 cm2 ÿ page 115
B. 36 cm2 ÿ page 130
C. 24 cm2 ÿ page 121
D. 72 cm2 ÿ page 109
E. 16 cm2 ÿ page 97
equations:
ÿ 2 2 = 0 or ÿ 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.

2
( ÿ 1)2 ÿ = ( ÿ 1 ÿ )( ÿ 1 + ).
ÿ1ÿ=0 or ÿ 1 + = 0.
The two previous equations represent two distinct lines that intersect at the point (1,0).
110
Question 74
A right triangle, rotating around its cathetes, generates two cones. The ratio between the volumes
of the two cones is equal to the ratio between
A. the major leg and the hypotenuse B. the ÿ page 97 ÿ page

legs 123 ÿ page 110
C. the squares of the cathetes ÿ page 125 ÿ
D. the minor cathetus and the hypotenuse page 129
E. the cubes of the cathetes
1
2
The points on the circumferences that minimize ( 1 , 2 ) are located on the line that passes through the
centers as shown in the figure. Their distance can be calculated by subtracting the sum of the radii of the
circumferences from the distance between the centers:
= 2ÿ2 ÿ 2 ÿ 1 = 2(ÿ2 ÿ 1).

111
4 3
The volume of a sphere of radius is = , while the volume of a cylinder having diameter
3
2
= 3
base and height is = ( 2 ) 4 . Therefore the answer is wrong.
The function tan(2 ÿ5 ), in the interval ÿ <<4

4, takes on all real values. Therefore the answer
it's wrong.
The set of 100 people can be seen as the union of the following four subsets a
two by two disjoint:
= {people who speak both English and French}

= {people who speak English, but do not speak French}
= {people who speak French, but do not speak English}
= {people who speak neither English nor French}
The number of people in is equal to = 12, the number of people in is equal to = 51 ÿ 12 = 39,
the number of people in is equal to = 36 ÿ 12 = 24. Therefore the answer is wrong.
Set = cos of , the inequality becomes 2ÿ ÿ2 ÿ 0. Using the solution formula of the equations
2
second degree, the solutions of the equation = 2. Therefore the ÿ ÿ 2 = 0 are 1 = ÿ1 and 2 inequality
is satisfied for ÿ ÿ1 or ÿ 2, that is,
cos ÿ ÿ1 or cos ÿ 2.
The first is satisfied when cos = ÿ1, i.e. when = + 2 for every integer, while the
second does not allow solutions. Therefore the answer is right.
112
Different ways to do this are illustrated in the figure.
However, it can be stated that the measurements of the sides of the rectangle expressed in cm are
whole numbers greater than 1 (the rectangle must contain squares whose side measures 2 cm) and
that the area of the rectangle is = (2 ÿ 22 + 7 ÿ 12 ) cm2 = 15 cm2 . If this information is used, it is
inferred that the answer is wrong.
answer is wrong.
Since ÿ2 is an irrational number, there is no largest rational number less than ÿ2.
For example, for = 0 the equation is satisfied. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to
113
1
2
The points on the circumferences that minimize ( 1 , 2 ) are located on the line that passes through the centers as shown in
the figure. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question 77 on page 118
if you have:
If we evaluate the two members of the proposed equality for = 2 ,
2 ÿ3
sin ( 3 )| =2 = sin ( 3 )= 2
,
sin( ) = sin(2 ) =
0,
3
3| =2
therefore = 2 does not verify equality. Therefore the answer is wrong.
If we replace the pair (ÿ2,1) in the equation we have:
1 = ÿ2 + 2 + 1,
a relationship that is verified for every real. Therefore the answer is right.
The function cos2 ÿ cos ÿ 2 for = 0 is ÿ2 and therefore = 0 is not a solution. Therefore the answer is wrong.
114
Question 75
The equation | ÿ 1| = 1 ÿ | | ha
A. exactly two solutions ÿ page 94

B. exactly three solutions ÿ page 101
C. exactly four solutions D. infinite ÿ page 117
solutions ÿ page 102
E. no solution ÿ page 113
If = (0,0) is valid:
= ÿ5, = 1, = 2.
2 2 2
Verified that there is a = + , as 5 = 1 + 4, the triangle is rectangle with
Called ÿ the side of the original square, overlapping rectangles have sides ÿ and ÿ/2. If it is used
of the definitions of the perimeter of a rectangle and the area of a square, we deduce that the answer
it's wrong.
OK:
3 + 3 + (ÿ1) + 1 3( + 1) + (ÿ1) + 1 (ÿ1)
= = =3++ .
1
1
If it is even, = 3 + the +1
> 3 > 2.99 and therefore there are infinitely many numbers greater than 2.99. Therefore
answer is wrong.
ÿ2
> 0.

115
2 ÿ ÿ 1 = 0.
2
If, for example, a citizen's income is €15,000<€20,000, he will have to pay, according to the new
system, an amount of ( 20,15,000 + 1,000) €= €4,000, while, under the old system, he would have pa-
100
25
gato 100€ 15,000 = €3,750 . Therefore the new system is less convenient. Therefore the answer
is wrong.
Let's preliminarily observe that there is no single way to arrange the 9 squares to form a rectangle. Different ways to
do this are illustrated in the figure.
However, it can be stated that the measurements of the sides of the rectangle expressed in cm are whole numbers
greater than 1 (the rectangle must contain squares whose side measures 2 cm) and that the area of the rectangle is
= (2 ÿ 22 + 7 ÿ 12 ) cm2 = 15 cm2 . If this information is used, it is inferred that the answer is wrong.
If, for example, there are 56 €1 coins and 2 €2 coins the piggy bank contains more than 30 coins, but most are not
€2 coins. Therefore the answer is wrong.
4 3
while the volume of a cylinder having diameter
The volume of a sphere with radius = base 3
,
2 3
= . Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to
and height = ( 2 ) 4
116
Question 76
The expression
4 2
log( +2 + sin2 + cos2 )
coincide con
A. 4 log(1 + ) ÿ page 102

2 2
B. [ log(1 + )] ÿ page 113
2
C. 2 log(1 + D. ) ÿ page 100
log( E. 2
4
+2 2
) + log(sin2 + cos2 ) ÿ page 91
log(1 + + sin + cos ) ÿ page 127
1 ÿ | | ÿ 0, or ÿ1 ÿ ÿ 1. If we observe that for these values of we have | ÿ 1| = 1 ÿ can be deduced ,

The numbers
,,, they are all different from each other and can only take on the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Having
observed that 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15, it can be deduced that only the values 1, 2, 4 are taken on , 5 (in one order

the number of people in is equal to = 36 ÿ 12 = 24. Therefore the answer is wrong.
117
Question 77
Given the two circles with center (0, 0) and radius 1 and with center (2, 2) and radius 1 respectively, indicate
with ( 1 , 2 ) the distance between a generic point 1 which is on the first circle and a generic point 2 which is
on the second circle. Then consider the minimum of ( 1 , 2 ) as we vary
1 and of 2 . Yes you have that
A. = ÿ2 ÿ2 ÿ page 103
B. = ÿ page 120
2
C. = ÿ2 ÿ 1 ÿ page 113 ÿ
D. no such minimum exists page 109 ÿ page
E. = 2(ÿ2 ÿ 1) 111
equations:
2
ÿ2 = 0 or ÿ 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.

For example, for = 1 the inequality is not satisfied. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question
67 on page 99
We observe that, for ÿ ÿ, the following holds:
sin 3 = sin cos 2 + cos sin 2 =
= sin (1 ÿ 2 sin2 ) + 2 sin cos2 = = sin [(1

ÿ 2 sin2 ) + 2(1 ÿ sin2 )] = 3 sin ÿ 4 sin3 .
Using the previous inequality with = and observing that 0 < 9 < if has:
9 2,
sin ( 3 )
= sin ( 3
9 )
=
3 sin ( 9 ) ÿ 4 sin3 ( 9 )
=
3 3 3
= sin ( 9 )ÿ 3 sin3 ( 9 ) < sin ( 9 ),
118
Question 78
The equation sin = ÿ

A. admits infinite solutions ÿ page 128
B. if ÿ > 0 is a solution, then = ÿ + is also a solution ÿ page 96
C. does not allow solutions ÿ page 123
D. admits only one solution ÿ page 96
E. admits exactly two solutions ÿ page 94
therefore = 3
does not verify the proposed equality. Therefore the answer is wrong.
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot remaining in the mixture is calculated as follows. Yes
multiply the fraction of pinot before the operation by the fraction of wine remaining in the bottle
after collection. The added fraction is added to the value obtained. Therefore the answer is wrong.

2 2
ÿ
= ( + )( ÿ ) = 4 ÿ 2 = 8 .
2 2 2
So that it is always divisible by 8. If, for example, = 1 and = 3 it holds
ÿ ÿ
2 = 9 ÿ 1 = 8,
is not divisible by 16. Therefore the answer is right.


2 2
ÿ
= ( + )( ÿ ) = 4 ÿ 2 = 8 .
2 2
So ÿ
it is always divisible by 4. Therefore the answer is wrong.

119
Question 79
2
The set {( , )ÿR ÿ ÿ 0, / > 2} consists of
A. one of the parts of the plane delimited by a hyperbola B. a ÿ page 127

circular crown ÿ page 122
C. two angles opposite the vertex ÿ page 99
D. a half-plane E. ÿ page 92
two half-planes ÿ page 115
OK:
=
3 + 3 + (ÿ1) + 1 =
3( + 1) + (ÿ1) + 1 (ÿ1)
=3+ .
+1
1
If it is even, = 3 + the +1 > 3 > 2.99 and therefore there are infinitely many numbers greater than 2.99. Therefore
answer is wrong.
The distance between the centers of the circles is ÿ(2 ÿ 0)2 + (2 ÿ 0)2 = 2ÿ2 > 2, so they do not
they have points in common (see figure).
1
2
The points on the circles that minimize ( 1 , 2 ) are on the line that passes through i
centers as shown in the figure. Therefore the answer is wrong.
120
Question 80
In a group of 100 people, 51 speak English, 36 French, of which 12 speak both English and
French. How many of them speak neither English nor French?
B. 15 106 ÿ page 117
C. 29 ÿ page 112 ÿ
D. 13 page 126
E. 25
Called ÿ the side of the original square, overlapping rectangles have sides ÿ and ÿ/2. If you use the
definitions of the perimeter of a rectangle and the area of a square, you deduce that the answer is wrong.
If we replace the pair (1, ÿ 2) in the equation we have:
ÿ2 = + 2 + 1,
a relationship that is not verified for every real. Therefore the answer is wrong.
After each replacement, the fraction of pinot remaining in the mixture is calculated as follows. The fraction
of pinot before the operation is multiplied by the fraction of wine remaining in the bottle after sampling.
The added fraction is added to the value obtained. Therefore the answer is wrong. ÿ to question 72 on
page 108
121
Question 81
How many real numbers are solutions of the equation
tan(2 ÿ 5 ) = ÿ104
A. one ÿ page 105

B. five C. ÿ page 125
infinite ÿ page 95
D. none ÿ page 112
And two ÿ page 91
2
( ÿ 1)2 ÿ = ( ÿ 1 ÿ )( ÿ 1 + ).
ÿ1ÿ=0 or ÿ 1 + = 0.

The value of is not fixed, but that of is. Therefore the answer is wrong.
ÿ2
> 0.

122
Question 82
Let be a rational number that satisfies this property:
ÿ for every rational such that > ÿ2
A. is the largest rational number less than ÿ2 is the ÿ page 113

B. smallest rational number greater than ÿ2 ÿ page 107
C. = ÿ page 122
D. < ÿ2 E. = ÿ page 131
ÿ2 ÿ page 104
Let the legs of the right-angled triangle be. The volumes of the cones are shown in the table.
Cone volume
2
rotation around (is the ÿ
height and base radius of the cone)
2
rotation around (is height ÿ
and base radius of the cone)
So the ratio between the volumes of the two cones is
2 ÿ
3
= .
2 ÿ

It is immediate to observe that = 0 is a solution. Therefore the answer is wrong.

123
Question 83
A quantity of liquid filling a sphere of radius is decanted into cylinders having

base diameter and height. What is the minimum number of cylinders needed for
perform this operation?
A. 5 ÿ page 95
B. 6 ÿ page 90
C. 3 ÿ page 112
D. 9 ÿ page 116
E.4 ÿ page 106

For example, for = ÿ1 the inequality is satisfied. Therefore the answer is wrong.
The numbers , , , they are all different from each other and can only take on the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Having
observed that 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15, it can be deduced that only the values 1, 2, 4 are taken on , 5 (in one order
anyone). So the product of the four numbers is equal to 1 ÿ 2 ÿ 4 ÿ 5 = 40. Therefore the answer is
right.

124
Question 84
3
The remainder of the division of the polynomial 2 ÿ 3 + 2 times ÿ 2 is:
A. 8 ÿ page 124
B. -1 ÿ page 91
C. 12 ÿ page 103
D. -8 ÿ page 97
E. -12 ÿ page 124
2
It makes sense to study the inequality only for ÿ 1 ÿ 0, that is for ÿ ÿ1 or for ÿ 1. For ÿ 1 yes
they can square both sides of the inequality to obtain
2 2 2
ÿ1ÿ4 ÿ3 + 1 ÿ 0,
which has never been verified. For ÿ ÿ1 the inequality is always verified. Therefore the answer is
right.
If we make use of the periodicity property of the function tan(2 ÿ 5 ), we deduce that the answer is
wrong.
If and ÿ
the lines are distinct and ÿ are not parallel (they have different angular coefficients) and
the intersection point is obtained by solving the system
ÿ ÿ
+ 1.
{ = += 2 + 1+ 2
125
Question 85
Compared to an orthogonal Cartesian reference of the plan, the equation
( ÿ 1)2 ÿ 2=0
identify:
A. two incident lines ÿ page 110

B. a parabola C. only ÿ page 99
two points D. a circle ÿ page 108
ÿ page 95
E. two parallel lines ÿ page 122
The system always admits the same solution for all values of and the
ÿ
distinct. Therefore the
answer is wrong.
For example, if you arrange the triangles as shown, the portion of the overlapping surface is
a trapezoid.


126
Question 86
Aldo, Bea, Carlo, Dario, Ebe, Franco go by train and find a six-person compartment
free places. Considering that Aldo and Bea have to stay near the window, how many ways
How different do the six friends have to arrange themselves in the compartment?
A. 48 ÿ page 106
B. 4 ÿ page 100
C. 240 ÿ page 128
D. 8 ÿ page 108
E. 10 ÿ page 91
the number of people in is equal to = 36 ÿ 12 = 24. Therefore the number of people in is equal to
= 100 ÿ (12 + 39 + 24) = 25. Therefore the answer is correct.
equations:
ÿ 2 2 = 0 or ÿ 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.

answer is wrong.
ÿ2
> 0.

127
Question 87
Positive integer data, yes the solution of the equation
+1 +2 +
+ +ÿÿÿ+ =
1 2
A. ÿ 0 for every B. if 1 ÿ page 106

<2 then 1
<
2
ÿ page 109
then D. > ÿ page 102
C. if 1 < 2 1 2
= + 1 for every E. = +1 for every ÿ page 92

ÿ page 93
sin + = 0,
and, since ( ) = sin + an odd function, it is sufficient to consider the values ÿ 0. If you use
from the properties of the sin function we deduce that the answer is wrong.
,
friends have four seats available. If you use the formula to calculate the number of
permutations of 4 people in 4 places, we deduce that the answer is wrong.
a hexagon.
128
Question 88
The inequality cos2 ÿ cos ÿ 2 ÿ 0 is verified for:

A. no real value of ÿ page 102
B. = + 2 for every integer C. = 2 for ÿ page 112
every integer D. any real value ÿ page 91
of E. = 3 for every integer ÿ page 114
ÿ page 107

a right triangle.

equations:
ÿ 2 2 = 0 or ÿ 2 = 0 or + 2 = 0.

129
Question 89
In Jeremiah's piggy bank there are €1 and €2 coins, for a total of €60. Which of the following
statements is true?
A. If the piggy bank contains at least 30 coins, then most of them are ÿ page 116
and 2 €
B. The number of €1 coins cannot be equal to the number of €2 coins ÿ page 91 C. If the
piggy bank
contains less than 40 coins, then most of them are ÿ page 93
and 2 €
D. The number of €1 coins is certainly less than the number of €2 coins

ÿ page 107 E.
The number of €1 coins is certainly greater than the number of €2 coins ÿ page 105
Called ÿ the side of the original square, overlapping rectangles have sides ÿ and ÿ/2. If you use the
definitions of the perimeter of a rectangle and the area of a square, you deduce that the answer is wrong.
Different ways to do this are illustrated in the figure.
However, it can be stated that the measurements of the sides of the rectangle expressed in cm are whole
numbers greater than 1 (the rectangle must contain squares whose side measures 2 cm) and that the
area of the rectangle is = (2 ÿ 22 + 7 ÿ 12 ) cm2 = 15 cm2 . If this information is used, it is inferred that the
answer is wrong.
130
Question 90
The equation ( ÿ ) = 1 has two distinct solutions

A. if and only if ÿ 0 ÿ page 116
B. if and only if ÿ1 < < 1 ÿ page 105
C. for no real value of D. for all reals ÿ page 88
E. if and only if ÿ2 < < 2 ÿ page 106
ÿ page 94
It cannot be = ÿ2 because it is rational, while ÿ2 is not. On the other hand, if it were > ÿ2,
one could choose rational such that > > ÿ2 obtaining a contradiction. So it must
be < ÿ2. Therefore the answer is right.
131
You have finished reading the mentor booklet.
132

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Curators of the Mentor collection:

Logic: Luisella Caire, Paola Suria Arnaldi

Mathematics: Gioconda Moscariello, Vincenzo Ferone

Physical and chemical sciences: Roberto Piazza, Paolo Sarti

Reviewers: Claudio Beccari, Claudio Casarosa

Organization: Giuseppe Forte, Giorgio Filippi

Pagination and layout: Claudio Beccari

How to use the mentor

Mathematics 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 8

Mathematics 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 87

Start from the page that contains the

Answer C to question 20 is correct

2 = 1 Therefore the answer is correct.

Answer A to question 48 is wrong

area( ) = 2 ÿ area( )=2ÿ =ÿ .

Answer A to question 11 is wrong

Answer D to question 52 is wrong

Answer E to question 6 is wrong

Answer D to question 40 is wrong

Answer E to question 48 is wrong

area( ) = 2 ÿ area( )=2ÿ =ÿ .

Answer B to question 42 is correct

Answer E to question 59 is wrong

(10 ÿ ÿ2) = log10(10 ÿ ÿ2).

Answer A to question 31 is wrong

Answer B to question 53 is correct

2 log10 1000 = log10 103 = 3 log10 10 = 3,

Answer A to question 47 is incorrect

Answer A to question 29 is wrong

Answer A to question 26 is wrong

The number 7 is not a divisor of 30. Therefore the answer is wrong.

An angle measures 2 radians, therefore

A. its sine is positive B. its ÿ page 15

Answer B to question 44 is correct

Condition Set of points

(3) +ÿ0 half-plane that lies below the line + = 0 3ÿ

Answer B to question 12 is correct

Answer D to question 17 is wrong

degree polynomial. Therefore the answer is wrong.

Answer D to question 45 is wrong

value of . Therefore the answer is wrong.

Answer C to question 42 is incorrect

Answer B to question 8 is correct

Answer C to question 24 is incorrect

Answer D to question 29 is wrong

Answer E to question 17 is correct

Answer A to question 3 is correct

OK <2< , so sin 2 > 0. Therefore the answer is right.

Answer C to question 12 is incorrect

Answer E to question 11 is wrong

Answer E to question 27 is wrong

Answer D to question 39 is correct

condition means that ÿ ÿ1 or ÿ 2. Therefore the answer is right.

Answer E to question 49 is correct

We write the inequality in an equivalent form:

The solutions are obtained by solving the following systems:

Put the three numbers 7, ÿ47, ÿ3 + ÿ27 in ascending order

A. ÿ3 + ÿ27 < ÿ47 < 7 B. ÿ47 ÿ page 17