Rizvi College of Engineering

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Project Synopsis Report
On
Security and alert system for prohibited facilities
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements
Of the degree of
Bachelors of Engineering
By
Shaikh Saqib Akeel (49)
Shaikh Mohammed Zubair (45)
Shaikh Mohammed Faisal Akhtar (43)
Shaikh Ahmed Raza (61)
Satpute Mrunal Vijay (38)

Guide:
Prof. Mohd Junaid

University of Mumbai

2020 – 2021

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Abstract
With exponential growth in technology and course of change in warfare, research facilities and
confidential areas under government are in direct target. Hence improving and updating security
system based on technology is essential. Many security systems exist, but they have some
challenging issues like: delay non-web enabled and difficult to handle during transfer of alerts.
Hence, considering the above mentioned facts, in this paper, we have proposed an advanced IoT
based Security Alert System, when nobody is available there. This system is fully automated,
utilizes sensors such as ultrasonic & pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) and uses the technique of
echolocation which is based on ultrasonic wave radar, RF communication & Infrared technology
and controlled by ardiuno to sms alert using GSM module & alarm system.

Following are the important components used in this project:-

1. Arduino 2.PIR sensor 3.GSM module 5.Ultrasonic sensor etc.

Key Words: Security, System, Advance technology, Alarm alert.

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 Certificate

This is to certify that the project synopsis entitled “Security and alert system for prohibited
facilities” has been submitted by Saqib Shaikh, Zubair Shaikh, Shaikh Ahmed Raza, Shaikh
Faisal and Mrunal Satpute under the guidance of Prof. Mohd Junaid Sir in partial fulfilment of
the requirement for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering from University of Mumbai.

Certified By

Prof. ____________ Prof. ______________

Project Guide Head of Department

Prof. ____________ Prof. ______________

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Dr. Varsha Shah

Principal

Department of ____________ Engineering

Rizvi College of Engineering,
Off Carter Road, Bandra (W), Mumbai-400050

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 Index
Sr. Title Page
No No.

1. Introduction …………..................................................................... 1

2. Literature Survey…………………………………………………. 2
2.1. Surveying Existing System. 2
2.2. Main Body. 2
2.3. Objective. 2
2.4. References. 3

3. Proposed System ………………………………………………….. 4

3.1. Functional block diagram. 4
3.2. Microcontroller. 5
3.3. P.I.R Sensor. 6
3.4. Ultrasonic Sensor. 7
3.5. GSM Module. 8

4. Implementation Plan …………………………………………….. 9

4.1. Proposed cost of this project

Conclusion………………………………………………………….. 9

References………………………………………………………….. 9

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 Chapter 1

Introduction

Today our major concern is the security of the Government facilities, Bank vaults, national
treasury, and Advanced Research facilities. These are guided by humans. These people encounter
threat to their lives due to infiltrations, cross terrorism, heist etc. Due to these malicious
elements, they make supreme sacrifice. If we could have save even half of life, we would have an
even mettlesome force. These may not have been possible in past warm times, but today the
scenarios are changing. We are advancing to a technological more dexterous globe. All facilities
where fortunes in any form are deposited or placed like museums, banks and research facilities
which are comparatively more difficult to guard after sunset and where it is more likely for
humans to risk their lives and theft attempts that could result in major loss of property of
individual or company can now be stopped because of the IOT based technology. If anything,
which arises suspicious occurs then, execution of predetermined tasks take place. Intrusion
detection system IDS are integral part of Security system. They are designed to operate in hostile
environment, to monitor, detect and track, the intruders (moving targets), around the clock. As
it is really tiring for Humans to keep a track 24/7 through video streaming, intrusion detection
which can generate automatic alerts can prove to be of great use. This system is fully automated
which needs only one or two persons for maintenance purpose and can be monitored remotely.
This paper will basically concentrate on the human interfacing & knowledge towards our project
system i.e. the detection & alerting the authority to take necessary action to the problems at the
security. This system has ultrasonic sensors which are responsible for the detection of intrusion.
As they are mounted over the section pillars. The sensors continuously rotate back & forth in the
range of certain degrees (30-160) & show the intrusion over the radar with its location. Another
set of sensors which sense the intrusion & show over the LEDs & activation of the alarm. As the
sensors detect the intrusion RF transmitter sends signal to the receiver & line following robot
reach the corridor & again detect the intrusion by sensor mounted over it.

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 Chapter 2
Literature Survey

2.1 Surveying Existing System

Subsequent to experiencing a portion of the project with respect to usage utilizing ultrasonic
sensors and ARDUINO, it was found that this idea is searched a lot and is a mainstream idea which
is still in advance. The advances utilized were not just productive and solid yet in addition
financially achievable. Not only this, here other very useful applications of ultrasonic sensors
were observed too.

2.2 Main body

This project discusses about a monitoring system which is designed measure to speed of waves
and height of river through ultra-sonic sensor using microcontroller (Arduino). On the off chance
that the waterway can't oblige the volume of water, then all the water will submerge with land
and this phenomenon is called as flood or surge. We can overcome this flood problem by earlier
identification in height of water and observing speed. If we identify problem earlier we can
overcome this problem before it become crisis. By testing the system i.e. simple water level, it
was observed that ultra-sonic have accuracy of 96.6%. But when it is implemented in the rivers
there are many errors because of different type of water levels due to heavy waves and speed of
water and also due to floating of heavy objects.

2.3 Objective

Unlike Previous testing results, author directed this analysis on tracking of speed of water
improvement or modification and level of water in flooding. The test was completed when the
Arduino used as controller of application. For more research, information of depth level and
speed of water of this system will be sent to database server website to be checked regularly.

2.4 References

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 Arjun et al present a survey of wireless sensor networks for Border Surveillance and
Intruder Detection. The aim is to devise a multi-sensing system which is developed by
combining different techniques of surveillance and intruder detection, for varying border
scenarios such as, flat surface movement or water-body movement. Different sensors for
human intruder detection such as, geophone, hydrophone, infrared and surveillance
cameras are discussed
 Jisha et al propose a system for intruder detection which employs an object detection
technique using Wireless sensor networks. PIR (Passive infrared) sensors are used which
are 10 further connected to MICAz sensor node. The proposed system is expected to
detect and track the intruder and report its speed and direction of movement to a central
base station for further processing.
 Singh and Khushwaha propose a mechanism for smart border surveillance and automatic
combat. It makes use of features extracted from optical flow information of the scene.
Once the automatic detection of intruder takes place, suitable action is taken depending
upon the relative position of the intruder with respect to the border fence. If the intruder
happens to be behind the fence, mere tracking is followed. If the intruder is above the
fence and trying to cross it, an alarm is raised. Auto-firing can be activated when the
intruder has actually crossed the fence.
 Jin et al present a method for detecting and classifying a target by using seismic and PIR
sensors. The target can be classified into one of the three classes of vehicle, animal or
human. A wavelet method called symbolic dynamic filtering (SDF) is used for feature
extraction from the sensor signals.
 Zhang and Liang Ye et al present a method to detect moving target via using the
technique of background subtraction and shadow removal. The method is applied for RGB
color space. Metrically trimmed mean and mean absolute deviation are the estimators
used for background subtraction. The Chromacity difference and brightness difference
are the estimators for shadow removal.

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 Chapter 3
Proposed System
The objective of the system is to build an implanted intruder identification framework in
Security by utilizing IR sensor using IOT. There are numerous IR sensors being used today however
the sensor that is utilized will identify the Infrared beams that are transmitted from the human
body. It is surveillance system for the places where human deployment is not possible or strictly
prohibited due to geographical, climatic or some other reasons. Multiple pyroelectric infrared
sensors (PIR) are disguisedly installed on the border fencing which monitor the border area for
any intrusion. In order to testify the working of this system, after its designing, construction and
programming we placed few objects in front of the ultrasonic sensor. As the motor started to
rotate, our monitor started to display the output through processing IDE. Hence, when the sensor
crossed over the object it showed a red segment with the distance and angle where the object is
paced. The first object was placed at the distance of 29.5cm measured through a ruler and the
system measured the distance at 31cm.While the second object was placed at a distance of 15
cm and the system measured it as 16cm. Hence the calculated efficiency turned out to be 95%.

3.1 Functional Block Diagram

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All the components will be interfaced with microcontroller on an Ardiuno board. Ultra sonic
sensor, P.I.R sensor at input of the system with crystal circuit and power supply providing
necessary power and oscillation. Alarming system will be comprised of GSM module to send alert,
buzzer will provide audible tone to indicate detection and with radar display the position of
incident will be monitored. A high voltage current will flow through a wire to terminate possible
threats till authorities arrive.

3.2 Microcontroller

ATMEGA 328 Schematic diagram:

Here we have used Arduino Uno ATMEGA 328 microcontroller which is open source to implement
embedded based system. Microcontroller will sends 10µ second pulse width to ultrasonic
transmitter and thus echo back signal receives by TX module of ultrasonic. After this is done
receive pulse width is calculated by micro controller. Here we have used servo motor on which
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ultrasonic module is mounted to receive 180 degree signal. Microcontroller and MATLAB are
communicated through UART protocol with the baud rate of 9600. This protocol works on ASCII
value. So this is calculated distance transmit from microcontroller to MATLAB COM PORT.
Accordingly, sensing different obstacle which are around 180 degree and 250 cm range, visible
as a red spot on MATLAB GUI.

The Atmega328 chip has an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) inside of it. This must be or else the
Atmega328 would not be capable of interpreting analog signals. Because there is an ADC, the
chip can interpret analog input, which is why the chip has 6 pins for analog input. The ADC has 3
13 pins set aside for it to function- AVCC, AREF, and GND. AVCC is the power supply, positive
voltage, that for the ADC. The ADC needs its own power supply in order to work. GND is the
power supply ground. AREF is the reference voltage that the ADC uses to convert an analog signal
to its corresponding digital value. Analog voltages higher than the reference voltage will be
assigned to a digital value of 1, while analog voltages below the reference voltage will be assigned
the digital value of 0. Since the ADC for the Atmega328 is a 10-bit ADC, meaning it produces a 10-
bit digital value, it converts an analog signal to its digital value, with the AREF value being a
reference for which digital values are high or low.

3.3 P.I.R sensor

P.I.R sensor:

Pyro-electric (Passive) Infra-Red (PIR) Sensors,(PIR )sensors allow sensing thermal radiations
emitted by human body, motion, infrared radiations. These pyroelectric sensors detect levels of
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infrared radiation. These are mostly used to detect human crossing the range of the sensor.
They are small, economic, consumes very low-power, easy to use and robust. We are aware
that everything emits some low level radiation. The hotter elements like human body emit
higher radiations. A P.I.R based sensor is basically used to detect movement of animals, people,
or other objects. We have used this sensor to detect intrusion across the border. This sensor
will be kept within the border. While this sensor, will detect human intrusions monitoring
throughout the border, as soon as some suspicious object is detected it will inform the control
room while releasing signals and by sending a message to the control room.

3.4 Ultrasonic sensor

The ultrasonic sensor we will use are HC-SR04. This sensor will rotating back and forth to a specific degree.
It works on the principle of RADAR and will be focused mainly on premises which is supposed to be empty
entirely. As the sensors detect the intrusion RF transmitter sends signal to the receiver. RADAR display
will assist monitoring and reveal exact position of intrusion.as mentioned above this complex assembly
will activate other program according to protocol including sms alert to control room and high voltage
current to neutralize potential threat. Here are concerning specification about ultrasonic sensor we will
be using

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 Operating Voltage DC 5V

Operating Current 15mA

Operating Frequency 40KHz

Max Range 4m

Min Range 2cm

Ranging Accuracy 3mm

Measuring Angle 15 degree

Trigger Input Signal 10µS TTL pulse

3.5 GSM module

A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A wireless
modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up
modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends
and receives data through Radio waves. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem requires a
SIM card from a wireless carrier in order to operate, controlling machines using gsm mobile sms
services. The microcontroller will be interfaced with GSM Modem in mobile phone via MAX232
level convertor. SIM900-RS232 MODEM

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 Chapter 4

Implementation Plan
The basic objective of our design is to ascertain the distance position and speed of the obstacle
set at some distance from the sensor. Ultrasonic sensor sends the ultrasonic wave in various
ways by rotating with help of servo motors. This wave goes in air and gets reflected back
subsequent to striking some object. This wave is again detected by the sensor and its qualities is
analyzed and output is shown in screen indicating parameters, for example, distance and
position of object. Arduino IDE is utilized to compose code and transfer coding in Arduino and
causes us to detect position or angle of servo motor and it is communicated through the serial
port alongside the covered distance of the nearest object in its way. Output of all of this
working is shown in the software called processing, it will display the input/output and the
range of the object. Implementations of the sensors are done in such a way that ultra-sonic
sensor is attached on top of the servo motor because it have to detect the object and its
distance. Arduino (micro-controller) will control the ultra-sonic sensor and servo motor and also
powered will be given to both of them through micro-controller. With P.I.R sensor combined
this implementation will result in more practical application.

4.1 Proposed cost of this project

 Micro-controller (Arduino UNO) 700/-

 GSM module 1200/-
 Ultrasonic Sensor 250/-
 Radar Display 3000/-
 Power Supply 500/-
 Buzzer (Alarm System) 200/-
 Stepper motor 100/-

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Conclusion

Our goal here is to deliver a security system which will not just be efficient but cost effective
too. Increasing technological based system will eliminate the threat of misconduct by security
personnel. Even though many facilities are guarded by humans it costs much higher if it is
implemented for 24x7. Our IoT based system will reduce this cost to half if not totally zero.
System only needs to be installed once and will probably need maintenance service as required.
Further update to system is possible and result in more powerful, efficient and reliable for future
applications.

References

[1] Arjun, D., Indukala, P. K. & Menon, K. A. U. "Border surveillance and intruder detection
using wireless sensor networks: A brief survey," International Conference on Communication
and Signal Processing (ICCSP), pp. 1125-1130, Chennai, 2017.

[2] Jisha, R. C., Ramesh, Maneesha V. & Lekshmi, G. S. "Intruder tracking using wireless
sensor network," In Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC), 2010 IEEE
International Conference on, pp. 1-5. IEEE, 2010

[3] Jin, Xin, Sarkar, Soumalya, Ray, Asok, Gupta, Shalabh & Damarla, Thyagaraju. "Target
detection and classification using seismic and PIR sensors," IEEE Sensors Journal 12, 6, pp.
1709- 1718, IEEE, 2012.

[4] Ye, Jianhua, Tao Gao, and Jun, Zhang. "Moving object detection with background
subtraction and shadow removal," 2012 9th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and
Knowledge Discovery, pp. 18591863, 2012.

[5] J. Borenstein, H. R. Everett, and L. Feng, “Where Am I?” Sensors and Methods for Mobile
Robot Positioning, The University of Michigan, 1996.

[6] Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 and Arduino Tutorial, how to mechatronics.2015

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