Smart Blind Stick Using IOT

11 I January 2023
https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48591
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue I Jan 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com
Smart Blind Stick using IOT

Harini Saravanan2, Joshitha M P3, Kavya D4, Kruthi M S5, Mr. Anand M1
1, 2, 3, 4
Student, BE In Information Science Engineering & Technology for Women
5
Assistant Professor, GSSS Institute of Engineering & Technology For Women
Abstract: People suffering from certain permanent Accidental, paralyzing, or aging-related movement abilities frequently
require assistance from others. In order to provide navigation assistance. We aim on integrating a smart blind stick with features
like voice recognition technology to give voice commands and head- tilting which will control the motion of the blind stick. It also
has some additional features such as fire sensors, water sensors, light sensors with buzzer alert and Ultrasonic sensor for obstacle
detection. The result of this design will allow the special people to live a life with less dependence on others.
Keywords: Ultrasonic sensors, Fire sensors, Light sensors, Water sensors, Raspberry pi, Speaker, Webcam, Buzzer, GPS, Tensor
flow object detection, Processor Intel Core i5, Hard Disk, RAM .
I. INTRODUCTION
In the recent days visually impaired people suffer from serious visual impairments preventing them from travelling independently.
As we all know, having the ability to see is crucial to human existence, yet some people are rendered immobile by their blindness.
In this essay, we suggest a navigation method or tool that is useful to blind people. With the use of that blind stick, people can see
obstacles in front of them, as well as move in both known and uncharted territory. It uses Ultrasonic sensors to identify obstacles,
and the blind person is alerted to them when their phone vibrates or plays an audio message. The capacity to move confidently,
swiftly, and safely around his immediate area independently is referred to as mobility and independence for visually impaired
persons, however it is not achievable without technology. The capacity to move confidently, swiftly, and safely around his
immediate area independently is referred to as mobility and independence for visually impaired persons, however it is not
achievable without technology. One method that we put into place helps that blind individual. With the aid of GSM/GPS, those
individuals may use an application for an Android phone or computer that is carried by the blind person and administrator to
identify obstacles in front of them, safeguard the blind person, and monitor both the blind person's home location and present
position. In addition to being able to monitor a blind person's whereabouts, a new tool called live video capture has been added. By
capturing the stream in front of a blind person, an administrator may watch from their home. Different types of smart blind sticks
have been developed in the past, but the new generations of blind sticks are being developed and used with features of machine
learning and hence leaves a little to tinker about to the user who uses the blind sticks. The project also aims to build an advance
blind stick which would have a sort of intelligence and hence helps the user on his or her movement.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY

1) This research aims to assess students' knowledge of the Ge loT topic covered by the Internet of Things. IOT initiatives that
address design, development, and other requirements are relevant to our field of study. The Smart Stick Assistant For Visually
Impaired People Using Al Image Recognition is the project I've chosen to work on as a result. A blind assistance app called
"The Smart Stick Assistant For Visually Challenged People Using Al Image Recognition" basically came from the
conventional white or blue cane and improved into the present day technology. It's a project to improve accessibility for blind
individuals so they may receive assistance when travelling. A contemporary automation of utilizing cutting-edge technological
components, such as the Blynk app and ESP shield, would lessen the challenges faced by the community of visually impaired
persons in getting better responses from their surroundings.
2) Person(s) with vision impairment I find it challenging to communicate and perceive my surroundings. For someone who is
visually impaired, moving around might be difficult because it can be difficult to tell where he is and how to get from one area
to another. The development of an intelligent and smart stick to help and an alert system to warn visually impaired people about
obstacles and provide information about their whereabouts has taken decades of research. In this essay, we'll talk about
developing a smart kit system to help the blind. The smart gear is provided as people struggle to recognize the world and
obstacles in front of them while walking. The apparatus is intended to function as an artificial eyesight and the visually
impaired person through beeps which is assigned to a particular action. The designed system consists of hardware and software
©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 393
part; hardware detects the slippery area, potholes on the road or path where the user is walking and the objects that comes in
contact with the stick through ultrasonic sensor, infrared sensor and water sensor; software uses various algorithms to processes
images for face recognition, to detect the text through image processing.
3) When travelling from one spot to another, a blind person finds it challenging to identify the presence of any impediments in
their path, and it is quite challenging to locate the stick's exact location if it has been misplaced. Therefore, the smart stick is
presented as a suggested remedy to assist the visually impaired in their day-to-day living without the assistance of others. Using
an ultrasonic sensor in the blind stick, we suggested a solution for the blind in this research. He is able to detect impediments at
a distance of four metres, while infrared technology is utilised to detect closer obstacles in front of blind persons. In this way,
the radio frequency transmitter and receiver enable the user to precisely locate the smart stick using a buzzer. When an obstacle
is recognised, the smart stick's vibration motor, which is housed there, activates and vibrates. The Arduino UNO serves as the
controller in this suggested manner. The branch is capable of detecting every challenge in front of the user. The user-friendly,
quick-response, and extremely low power consumption of the smart stick lighter weight, and it is simple for the user to grip and
fold.
4) People who are blind or partially sighted have difficulty moving securely from one location to another. They find it more and
more difficult to complete simple activities without substantially relying on others. Our suggested system seeks to offer a
simple solution to this problem. In this system, we employ infrared sensors to help detect raised surfaces like staircases and
ultrasonic sensors to help detect obstructions. Additionally, we employ ISD1820 to provide speech warnings in the event that a
barrier is encountered. The user can send panic messages to the predefined emergency contacts by using facilities for a panic
button. The message informs the emergency contact of the user's GPS coordinates. Our smart blind stick seeks to offer a cheap,
effective, quick, and light alternative.
5) This report will present a n order to help the visually challenged people, we design smart stick. One of the many problems that
people have little control over is blindness. It steals away from a person's life the intense visual beauty of the world. However,
as they must overcome countless obstacles in order to carry out even the most basic duties in their daily lives, missing out on
the beauty of nature becomes one of their least concerning problems. One of their biggest issues is transportation, whether it be
using the roads, railroads, or other public spaces. It is known as the "Smart Stick." It is a tool that directs the user by detecting
obstructions in the user's line of sight. With the aid of numerous mounted sensors, it will identify all obstructions in the way.
6) The proposed system consists of Arduino Nano, which Jumper wires are used to link these parts to the Arduino's digital and
analogue pins. When using the suggested approach, an input voltage of It has the following characteristics: 9V/12V. It can
check for a setting with a range of obstacles of varied sizes and appropriate vibratory and auditory alarms are raised. It can
recognize. Surfaces that are moist or wet might warn the user. And it is able to communicate the user's location to friends
via SMS can be used in the event of an emergency or crisis RF remote control-based locatable when lost. The An Arduino-
based algorithm checks for input from each of the sensors
7) When a blind person gripping this as they cross the street walking cane When a barrier is present, it is being photographed
with a camera and that picture is sent to the object identification a microcontroller that issues a warning that item through the
ear pad. Raspbian is a walking stick inserted at which the Pins are used to interconnect an ultrasonic sensor. The camera
should be attached at the same time. where both should face in Raspberry Pi the same way on the highway. Moreover, the
device features a connection between the RF receiver and the walking stick. When a blind person presses button 1 on the RF
transmitter, a beep sound emanating from their walking stick will be heard, allowing them to locate their walking stick in case
they misplace it or it falls. In a similar vein, pressing button 2 will cause it to instantly read our present position. Each command
is transmitted by depressing a button on the RF transmitter that they are holding.
8) The suggested model tries to develop a system where barriers are now detected using a camera and where obstacles are detected
in front of the user using sensors. The suggested system would use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model and a
Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model to perform image captioning on the scene that was collected by the camera. A
Raspberry Pi, ultrasonic sensors, a camera module, a buzzer, and an audio device will all be used in this system. The burst
signal is first sent by the Raspberry Pi, which activates the ultrasonic sensor.
9) This essay suggests a clever mechanism that would help the blind avoid pitfalls or gaps in their path. The technology assesses if
the way ahead is flat or free of obstacles by calculating the distance between the device and the landscape in a continuum. As
the user holds the cane in hand, information is conveyed via vibration. The prototype employed a laser light to project a
downward beam at a fixed angle, a camera mounted to pick up the laser spot on the ground, and a personal computer for
calculation. Additionally, we offered a rough layout for the can's vertical trajectory.
10) The major goal is to create a smart stick that prevents leg weakening, loss of balance, and incorrect interior and outdoor
navigation. These are the causes of fall accidents, which may be harmful and dangerous. To enable the blind and old to move
confidently and freely indoors or outside, a suitable gadget is required. The project seeks to create a robot cane that will observe
events routinely and improvise interior and outdoor navigation by spotting obstacles at various heights on flat surfaces. The
cane is also modelled to take into account real-time motions or people walking or their various gait patterns by tracking each
step they take and how far they go. When a person walks, an acceleration value is established at a certain threshold. The
distance between the stick and the leg can be measured with the help of an ultrasonic and force sensor combination that is
attached to the tip of the shoe. If a person is inclined to fall, his hand will exert more effort than usual, which the pressure
sensor will detect and translate into force being applied to the shoe. Alarm is set off when output exceeds the threshold Value.
11) The intelligent walking stick makes it easier and more comfortable for blind persons to navigate and complete their tasks.
Normal stick does not detect obstacles, making it ineffective for people who are visually impaired.
Considering that a blind individual has no idea what kinds of things or objects are in front of them. The person is unable to
gauge the size of the object or how far away they are from it. Moving about is tough for someone who is blind. In a smart
walking stick, the object is located with the aid of an ultrasonic sensor that gauges the object's distance from the user. Blind
individuals who encounter obstacles might be alerted to them by hearing the sound produced by the BUZZER. For those who
are blind and frequently require assistance, the system is quite helpful.
12) In order to create smart sticks for blind people, this project details the precise coordination and communication between
sensors, controllers, modules, and other parts. The designed stick has two main goals: to boost mobility and to produce a buzzer
as an output after successfully implementing obstacle detection. To give blind persons with a smart electronic aid, the smart
stick system concept was developed. When walking in the street, blind and visually impaired people have trouble spotted
impediments. The ultrasonic sensors, camera, and buzzer make up the system. The total system's goal is to offer blind people a
low-cost obstacle detection assistance that gives them the impression of artificial vision by delivering details about the
environment and the static and moving objects nearby. so they can independently walk.
13) This study describes the development of a visually challenged person's walking stick using an ultrasonic sensor. A buzzer is
used to alert the blind person while an ultrasonic sensor module, HC-SR04, is utilized to identify obstacles in their route. The
suggested method installed using PIC 16F877A is a microcontroller. This walking stick can help the blind navigate safely.
Within a range of 5 to 35 cm, it can detect obstacles.
14) The technology includes a headset that transmits the recognized object as a voice to persons with hearing impairments. In
addition, the cane GPS to determine the position, as well as a Wearing the headset is necessary for communication. The
opponent will be hinted at. The key Among the system's features is decreasing the user's workload, their level of mobility,
simple movement throughout the planet. The challenge is discovered with the use of ultrasonic reflections waves they released.
15) There are numerous issues that people cannot control. Among these problems is blindness. It steals away from a person's life
the intense visual beauty of the world. However, as they must overcome countless obstacles in order to carry out even the most
basic duties in their daily lives, missing out on the beauty of nature becomes one of their least concerning problems. One of
their biggest issues is transportation, such as crossing streets, taking trains, or going to other public locations. They always need
help from people to do this. However, if no such support is provided, they may occasionally be left defenseless. Their reliance
on others undermines their self-assurance. They have typically used the traditional cane stick to help them navigate. This is
risky for them and other people because it leads to numerous mishaps. We made the decision to help these persons with
disabilities by developing a technology-based solution because we live in a technologically advanced age. It is known as the
"Smart Stick." It is a tool that directs the user by detecting obstructions in the user's line of sight. With the aid of numerous
sensors that have been fitted, it will detect every obstruction in the way. The microcontroller will gather data and transmit it as
vibrations to alert the user of roadblocks. It is a useful tool that will be very helpful to blind people.
16) Blind people encounter numerous challenges while interacting with their immediate environment. The purpose of this work is
to present a tool that will aid blind persons in navigation and obstacle detection. We intend to offer a functioning prototype that
consists of a walking stick with an integrated ultrasonic sensor and microcontroller system. To generate ultrasonic waves, a
mirasonic censor is employed. The sensor transmits data to the microcontroller when it detects impediments. The
microcontroller then analyses the data and determines whether an impediment is nearby enough. The circuit accomplishes
nothing if the obstacle is not close enough. When an obstruction is imminent, the blind person receives an alert from the
microcontroller. Furthermore, we intend to incorporate the e-SOS (electronic Save Our Souls) system. Every time a blind
person experiences any difficulty navigating, he hits the e-SOS distress call button on the stick to make a video call to a
member of his family. A mobile Android device streams the video via an Android app. The Android software also informs the
blind person's family member of where they are. Thus, using an Android mobile application, a family member can direct a
blind person as they go along the path.
17) A vital quality of human beings is their sense of vision, which God endowed with inherent talent. However, not everyone can
sense things visually. For movement, blind people typically utilize a regular stick or the assistance of others. However, they are
unable to find holes, fires, slick surfaces, or items higher than the waist when using a regular stick. a straightforward in this
work. The cordial walking stick was created and put into use using ultrasonic and infrared sensors that can identify the direction
and location of the obstacle(s) and water in front of these individuals and that can also issue a fire alert to enable them to walk
with less uncertainty. The planned system was created using a microcontroller, making it a full-fledged prototype. In essence,
the IR and ultrasonic sensor communicates If a barrier is there or not, the estimated distance value is compared to the pre-
defined value. The sensor holder was created using 3D CAD software. The sensor holders that were mounted on the walking
stick were printed using an Up-Mini 3D printer. The sensors were thus installed in the proper location. The purpose of creating
this stick was to give blind people a practical and secure way to move around regularly so they wouldn't think about their
handicap.
18) The most important feature of people is their sense of vision, which God endowed with innate talent. However, not everyone
can sense things visually. For movement, blind people typically utilise a regular stick or the assistance of others. However, they
are unable to find holes, fires, slick surfaces, or items higher than the waist when using a regular stick. a straightforward in this
work. The cordial walking stick was created and put into use using ultrasonic and infrared sensors that can identify the direction
and location of the obstacle(s) and water in front of these individuals and that can also issue a fire alert to enable them to walk
with less uncertainty. The planned system was created using a microcontroller, making it a full-fledged prototype. In essence,
the IR and ultrasonic sensor sends.
19) This study describes an Arduino-powered ultrasonic walking staff for the blind. WHO estimates that 285 billion people
worldwide have vision impairment and 30 million individuals are irreversibly blind. If you look at them, it's pretty clear that
they need assistance from others to walk. To get where one wants to go, one must ask for directions. They have additional
challenges to deal with on a daily basis. The use of this blind stick allows for more certain walking. This stick recognizes the
thing in front of the user and responds to commands or vibrations by vibrating. The individual can now move around fearlessly.
This gadget will be the ideal way to go past their difficulties.
20) Blind stick is an is a cutting-edge stick made for persons who are severely crippled to better navigation. Here, we recommend
adopting cutting-edge technologies to travel with ease. The blind stick incorporates motors and an ultrasonic sensor. In the
initial step of our suggested project, ultrasonic sensors use ultrasonic waves to find impending obstructions. The sensor
transmits this information to the microcontroller when it detects impediments. This information is then processed by the
microcontroller, which determines whether the impediment is close enough. If the obstruction is not immediately present, the
circuit has no effect. When an impediment is detected, the microcontroller sends a signal to rotate the motor, which in turn
rotates the wheel, so that the blind won't become annoyed by the constant alarming buzzer sound and he or she can move more
freely.
III. COMPARISON TABLE
AUTHORS YEAR METHODOLOGY LIMITATIONS

Mr. Chitta Sonika, Dr. C 2021 Controls the movement This system does not
K Gomathy of a blind stick. employ fall detection
to avoid accidents.
Prof. Poonam Pawar, 2020 System is designed by It is designed a simple
Rajeshwari Bhirud, of an Arduino based and efficient automatic
Karan Shinde, Snehal voice controlled. This speech recognition
Gawade, Reshma system is powered by system for isolated
Gholpa Arduino Uno command words.
N.Loganathan, S.R. 2020 Using an android app, This system doesn’t
Cibisakaravarthi, K. this model is designed have powerful object
Lakshmi, and N. and implemented a detection.
Chandrasekaran motorized blind stick.
Priyanka Abhang, 2020 This system has Do not have fire sensors
Shambhavi Rege, implementation control and water sensors.
Shrishti Kaushik, Shriya over blind stick.
Akella, Manish Parmar.
Rajath V, Swetha 2020 It has a framework that let Limitations on water

Shekarappa G, any visually impaired and light sensors.
Senbagavalli M people lead life in ease.
Vanitha Charitha, 2020 The proposed model’s In this paper the
U.Sairam design, along with the model is limited to IR
Android companion app, sensors.
has been Evaluate to
ensure easy-to-use
interfaces for different
types of users
T. S Aravinth, 2020 System is controlled by The system built here
Arduino Voice Control does not have obstacle
App or button instructions. detection to ensure
safety of the user.
Bhushan Chaudhari, 2020 It has two modes, It should have

Priyanka Dorugade, including automated autonomous obstacle
Hrushikesh Konde, mode. manual mode 20. detection and
Rehan Kondkari, The blind stick will be notification of fall
Prof. Deepti Lawand moved by an Arduino detection to alert the
Nano under computer guardian.
control.
Akhlaqur 2019 Machine Learning To improve the

Rahman,A.S.M Algorithms for surface personalization
Mehedi Hasan detection to know the features including
Shuvo,Kh. Fatema accessible routing for the different types of
Nur Malia, users. sensors.
Mahmudul Hasan
Nahid,Md. Milan
Mia, A.T.M. Manfat
Zayeem
Srinidhi Srinivasan, 2019 Controlling a blind stick In his system user
Rajesh M using by the meansof location to be
smartphones, for this monitored on timely
purpose android basis.
application is created
G.Srinivas, 2019 Movement of a blind Location monitoring
G.M.Raju, D.Ramesh, stick via voice command system can be added.
S.Sivram . And also uses GSM
Module to send an
emergency alert.
Harsh Vora, Aime 2019 This smart blind stick Detection of obstacles
Gupta, Chintan helps a disabled person to to be added.
Pamnani, Tushar move with the movement
Jaiswal, of head using Arduino,
NodeMCU, Bluetooth.
Kushnav Das 2019 The proposed system This project can further
consists a Voice be improved .
Command
interfacing
Sankari Subbiah, Ramya 2019 Useful for visually Gesture controlling to be
Parvathy Krishna, Senthil impaired to detect added.
Nayagam, any kind of
obstacles.
Naiwrita Dey, Pritha Ghosh, 2019 An inexpensive Motion of the blind stick
Rahul De,Ankita Paul, smart blind stick by is controlled manually.
Chandrama Mukherjee, integrating a
Sohini Dey microcontroller.
Mukesh Prasad Agrawal, 2018 To collect slope In this system instead of

Atma Ram Gupta information from collecting slope
sensors attached to information we can have
general-purpose obstacle detection which
blind stick and feed is more useful and
this slope provides safer
information back to travel.
blind stick users.
Saurav Mohapatra, Subham 2018 The Smart blind additional features to
Rout, Varun Tripathi, stick comprise of operate the wheelchair
Tanish Saxena, Yepuganti voice recognition. can be added.
Karuna
Md. Allama Ikbal, Faidur 2018 Useful for detecting The cost of smart blind
Rahman, M. Hasnat Kabir any kind of obstacles stick is expensive.
for helping the blind
for movement.
R.Dhanuja, F.Farhana, 2018 This project uses Furthermore, the
G.Savitha arduino kit pronunciations accuracy
Microcontroller must be ensured.
circuit and DC
motors to create the
movement of smart
blind stick and IR
Sensors to detect the
obstacles.
Manoj kumar, Rohit verma, 2017 Helps to detect They aimed to replace
Mukesh kumar, Shekhar obstacles in order to the traditional smart
Singh, Er. Thakurendra avoid them blind stick.
Singh,
IV. CONCLUSION
The modern blind stick can reduce the number of risk and injuries for the visually impaired person walking in the public. Advances
will be made on the technology of smart blind stick with sensors and driven by intelligent control algorithms to minimize the level
of human intervention serves as a foundation for the next wave of aids that will enable the blind to securely navigate.
The range of the ultrasonic sensor can be expanded, and a technique for calculating the speed of incoming obstacles can be
implemented, both of which would improve other features of this system.
REFERENCES
[1] Dr. C K Gomathy, Ms. Chitta Sonika,“The Smart Stick Assistant For Visually Challenged People Using AI Image Recognition”. International Research
journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) -2021.
[2] Prof. Poonam Pawar, Rajeshwari Bhirud, Karan Shinde, Snehal Gawade, Reshma Gholpa, “Smart Blind Kit for Visually Impaired People”: International
Research journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) -2020.
[3] N.Loganathan, K.Lakshmi, N.Chandrasekaran, S.R.Cibisakaravarthi,“Smart Stick for Blind People”: International Conference on Advanced Computing &
Communication Systems(ICACCS)– 2020.
[4] Priyanka Abhang, Shambhavi Rege, Shrishti Kaushik, Shriya Akella, Manish Parmar, “A Smart Voice-Enabled Blind Stick with An Emergency Trigger”:
(IEEE)- 2020
[5] Rajath V, Swetha Shekarappa G, Senbagavalli M, “GPS Based Smart Stick for the Blind and Visually Impaired People”: International Research journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET) – 2020.
[6] Vanitha Charitha, U.Sairam, “Multi-Functional Blind Stick for Visually Impaired People”(IEEE)– 2020.
[7] T. S Aravinth, “Wi-Fi and Bluetooth based Smart Stick for Guiding Blind People”: (IEEE)-2020.
[8] Bhushan Chaudhari, Priyanka Dorugade, Hrushikesh Konde, Rehan Kondkari, Prof. Deepti Lawand, “Smart Stick Image Processing”: International Research
journal
[9] Akhlaqur Rahman,A.S.M Mehedi Hasan Shuvo,Kh. Fatema Nur Malia, Mahmudul Hasan Nahid,Md. Milan Mia, A.T.M. Manfat Zayeem, “An Efficient Smart
Cane Based Navigation System for Visually Impaired People”: IEEE -2019.
[10] Srinidhi Srinivasan, Rajesh M, “Smart Walking Stick”: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Electronics and Technology Trends
Infromatics(ICOEI)-2019.
[11] G.Srinivas, G.M.Raju, D.Ramesh, S.Sivram, “Smart Blind Stick Connected System using Arduino”: International Journal of Research and Analytical
Reviews(IJRAR) -2019.
[12] Harsh Vora, Aime Gupta, Chintan Pamnani, Tushar Jaiswal, “Smart Stick for Blind Person”: International Engineering Research Journal(IERJ) – 2019.
[13] Kushnav Das, “Smart Guide Stick for Blind”: International Research journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) – 2019.
[14] Sankari Subbiah, Ramya Parvathy Krishna, Senthil Nayagam, “Smart Cane for Visually Impaired based on IoT”:IEEE- 2019.
[15] Naiwrita Dey, Pritha Ghosh, Rahul De,Ankita Paul, Chandrama Mukherjee, Sohini Dey, “Ultrasonic Sensor Based Smart Blind Stick”: IEEE-2018.
[16] Mukesh Prasad Agrawal, Atma Ram Gupta, “Smart Stick for the Blind and Visually Impaired People”: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on
Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT)– 2018.
[17] Saurav Mohapatra, Subham Rout, Varun Tripathi, Tanish Saxena, Yepuganti Karuna ,“Smart Walking Stick for Blind integrated with SOS Navigation
System”: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI)-2018.
[18] Md. Allama Ikbal, Faidur Rahman, M. Hasnat Kabir “Microcontroller Based Smart Walking Stick for Visually Impaired People”: IEEE-2018.
[19] R.Dhanuja, F.Farhana, G.Savitha, “Smart Blind Stick Using Ardunio”: International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) 2018.
[20] Manoj kumar, Rohit verma, Mukesh kumar, Shekhar Singh, Er. Thakurendra Singh, “Ultrasonic Based Smart Blind Stick For Visually Impaired Persons”:
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering – 2017.

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11 I January 2023

Smart Blind Stick using IOT

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

AUTHORS YEAR METHODOLOGY LIMITATIONS

Rajath V, Swetha 2020 It has a framework that let Limitations on water

Bhushan Chaudhari, 2020 It has two modes, It should have

Akhlaqur 2019 Machine Learning To improve the

Mukesh Prasad Agrawal, 2018 To collect slope In this system instead of

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