As all of us, or some, may know, it’s been recorded that Rizal has two parts of traveling

abroad or specifically in Europe, first of which is for five years, and that’s from May
1882 to August 1887, and second of which is for another five years, which is from
February 1888 to June 1892. So hello, I am Diane De la Cruz and I will be discussing
Rizal’s Life Abroad

So, disillusioned with how Filipinos in the Philippines were regarded as second-class
citizens in institutions of learning and elsewhere, the National Hero Jose Rizal left the
country in May 1882 to pursue further studies abroad. So, he sojourned his way first in
Spain.
 May 1, 1882 – Rizal began writing farewell letters to his friends and family. So,
Paciano, his brother, gave him his allowance, and Saturnina, his sister, gave him
a diamond ring. He left on board the Spanish Steamer Salvadora which was
bound for Singapore.
 May 3, 1882 – Rizal left on board the Spanish steamer Salvadora bound for
Singapore.
 The Salvadora sailed for five days and eventually reached Singapore
 Rizal registered at Hotel Dela Paz
From Singapore to Colombo, Sri-Lanka
 May 11, 1882 – From Singapore, Rizal left on board to Djemnah, a French
steamer bound for Europe
 May 17, 1882 – Djemnah made its stop over at the Point Galle, and a day after;
 May 18, 1882 – Djemnah docked at Colombo, Sri-Lanka.
So this was the trip of the Djemnah to Suez Canal.
Trip through Suez Canal
 Cape of Guardaful
 Aden
 Port Said, City of Suez
 Napoli, Italy
 Marseilles
Then after that, Rizal eventually arrived at Spain where he wrote
Barcelona
 a nationalistic essay entitled Love of Country (Amor Patrio) which was his first
article written in Spanish’s soil under the name Laong Laan, and sends this to his
friend Basilio Teodoro Moran – the publisher of Diarong Tagalog. During these
times they used pen names as disguises.
 The Amor Patrio was published on August 20, 1882 in two texts. So this was
published in two languages which was Filipino and Spanish.
 Los Viajes, second article to be published.
  Revista De Madrid (Review of Madrid), was not published because of lack of
funds.
Madrid, Spain
 November 3, 1882 – Rizal enrolled at the Central University of Madrid
(Universidad Central de Madrid) for the Licentiate in Medicine and Philosophy
and Letters.
 Took painting and sculpture lessons in Academy of Fine Arts of San Pedro
(Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando), under Agustin Saez (painting
classes) and Romualdo de Jesus and Father Leonart (sculpture lessons), as well
as lessons in French, German and English.
As a voracious reader, there were two books that left a deep impression on him
and these were;
 The Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher & The Wandering Jew By Eugene
Sue
So it was also in Spain that;
 Rizal fell in love with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez.
 Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-Filipino Circle). Which is a
society of Spaniards and Filipino, and upon the request of his co-members he;
 Rizal wrote a poem entitled, Me Piden Verses (They Ask Me for Verses).
 Rizal joined Masonic Lodge called Acacia in Madrid with the Masonic name
Dimasalang. Masons were considered to be a member of a fraternity, so Acacia
was a brotherhood back in Spain who impressed Rizal with their bravery in
speaking freely towards their church and the government, something that was
strongly prohibited and dangerous back in the Philippines.
 February 18, 1882 – Rizal was awarded as Master Mason.
 Rizal gave the principal speech in a party held for the victory of Juan Luna’s
Painting “Spolarium” and Resurrecion Hidalgo’s “Christian Virgins Exposed
to Populace” during the Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Artes (Madrid Exposition
of Fine Arts) on May 1884. Which was considered to be sensational and
historical for the Filipino people; and then
 Rizal started writing the first half of Noli Me Tangere.

Moving on to;

RIZAL’S EDUCATION IN SPAIN

 June 21, 1884 – Rizal completed his medical course and was conferred the
degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid.
 June 19, 1885 – Rizal was awarded the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and
Letters with the rating of “Sobresaliente” or in other words, outstanding or very
brilliant.
Meanwhile, RIZAL IN PARIS AND BERLIN
 He arrived on October 8, 1885 – in Paris, France and stayed there for 4 months.
And during his stay;
 Rizal became an assistant of Dr. Louis de Wecker, a leading French
ophthalmologist.
 And also, he went to Barcelona to pay a visit to his friend, Maximo Viola. He
also went to Don Miguel Morayta – the owner of La Publicidad.

RIZAL IN HEIDELBERG, GERMANY

So it was
 February 3, 1886 – Rizal arrived in Heidelberg, Germany.
 Rizal worked at the University Eye Hospital under the supervision of Dr. Otto
Becker, a renowned German ophthalmologist.
 Rizal lived with a protestant pastor, Dr. Karl Ullmen.
 Rizal wrote “A Las Flores de Heidelberg” (To the Flowers of Heidelberg).
Because he was mesmerized by the daisies and other flowers growing in the
vicinities or streets of Heidelberg.
 July 31, 1886 – Rizal wrote a German letter to Professor Ferdinand
Blumentritt, and sent him a book entitled Aritmetica, a book published in both
Spanish and Filipino languages, by the University of Santo Tomas, authored by
Rufino Baltazar Hernandez. And notably, Professor Blumentritt was one of the
closest colleagues friends of Jose Rizal.

FROM GENEVA, SWITZERLAND TO ITALY

 June 19 1887 – Rizal celebrated his 26th birthday in Geneva, Switzerland.
 Rizal toured Rome, Vatican, the Capitoline Museum, Tarpeian Rock, Palatine
and many more.

Rizal returned to Manila in August 1887. However, his homecoming was met by the
friars’ furor over Noli Me Tangere. The Archbishop of Manila issued an order banning
the possession and reading of the novel, an order that was later reinforced by the
governor-general. And October 1887 he started writing El Filibusterismo. So, pressured
by the Spanish authorities as well as by his family and friends to leave the country and
avoid further persecution, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong.
IV. Second Part of Jose Rizal’s Trip to Europe
1. He travelled through Asia.
 In Hong Kong
- He was met by Jose Ma. Basa and other Filipinos who were exiled due to the
secularization issue of 1872.
- He studied the Chinese language, drama, theater, culture and values.
- He visited Macau, a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong.
 He visited Japan
- He stayed in Yokohama.
- He studied the Japanese language, Japanese culture, theatres, martial arts, and
he visited shrines.
- Suehiro, or Tetcho Suehiro, a Japanese politician, novelist and a journalist, wrote
the book Dead Traveler. In this book, he described his travel from Japan to the U.S.
and his association with Jose Rizal.
- He wrote another book, Storm Over the Southern Sea. This is said to be similar to
Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere.

2. In the United States of America

 The entire boat was quarantined when it docked in San Francisco on April 28,
1888. The reason given was because the boat came from a land where cholera was
rampant. In reality, it was because the boat carried several Chinese cookies and
laborers who accepted cheap labor, displacing the American laborers. This situation
was resolved and the passengers were allowed to disembark safely.
 He travelled westward through Reno, Utah, Colorado, Nebraska, Chicago, Albany
and New York City.
 His comments on America:
- The United States was a progressive and prosperous country.
- There was lack of racial equality because there was racial prejudice against the
blacks.
- America was a land of fairness and justice but only for the whites.
So, when Rizal arrived in America there was apartheid, this was a system of racial
segregation, where there were facilities as well as opportunities, separating the blacks
from whites. Hence Rizal’s comments on America.

3. He reached Liverpool, England on May 24, 1888. Immediately after his arrival,
he left for London.
 He was met by Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, also an exile of 1872. He practiced law in
London.
 Jose Rizal was introduced to Dr. Reinhold Rost, the librarian of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs in England. He was also an authority on Malay languages and
customs.
 His objectives for choosing to live in London:
- To do research on Philippine history; and
- To analyze Antonio Morga’s “Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas,” a rare Philippine
history book available at the British Museum.
 Works of Jose Rizal
- Letter to the Women of Malolos (published in February 1889) in Tagalog as
requested by M.H. del Pilar.
- Specimen of Tagal Folklore (published in the Asian Studies journal Trubner’s
Record on May 1889).
- An article on two eastern fables which compared the Filipino fable “Monkey and
Turtle” with the Japanese fable “Monkey and the Crab.”
- He received news that Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the La Solidaridad, a
fortnightly periodical of the Propaganda.
- When Marcelo H. del Pilar arrived in Barcelona, Spain, he took over as the
editor.
- and wrote articles from periods 1889-1890.
 Sculptural works:
- Prometheus Bound
- Triumph of Death over Life
- Triumph of Science over Death
 And these clay sculptures were said to be given as a gift to Professor Ferdinand
Blumentritt.
4. He transferred to Paris
 He continued his research on Philippine history at the Biblioteque Nationale or the
National Library in Paris.
 He continued to work on his annotation of Antonio “Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas”. And published his annotated version.
 He studied French language.
 He wrote a volume of French exercises that the students of the French language
may use as a textbook or workbook.
 He founded the Kidlat Club and the Indios Bravos. These were social clubs which
aimed to prove that the Filipinos could excel intellectually and physically.
 He published Por Telefono. This answered Fr. Salvador Font who attached the
Noli Me Tangere.

5. His activities in Brussels, Germany

 He continued to write El Filibusterismo, his second novel.
 He wrote articles for La Solidaridad.
- “La Verdad Para Los Todos” or “The Truth for All People”
- “Verdades Nuevas” or “New Truths”
- “Una Profanacion” or “A Profanation”
- “Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años” or “The Philippines a Century Hence”
- “Sin Nombre” or “Without Name”
- “Sobre La Nueva” or The New
- “Sobre La Indolgencia de los Filipinos” or the On the Indolence of the Filipinos
 Publication of the El Filibusterismo. Like Noli Me Tangere, money was scarce and
it was financed by Valentin Ventura.
 He received the news that the members of his family were deported to different
places. They also lost the agrarian case in Calamba.
 Publication of El Filibusterismo took place.
6. The Decision to Transfer to Madrid
 The case of Rizal was elevated to the Supreme Court in Madrid. Rizal wanted to
pay attention to the case. The Calamba residents were forced to leave the town,
their houses were burned and more people were exiled, including the entire Rizal
family.
 He wrote a poem entitled “A Mi Musa” (“To My Muse”)
Meanwhile, a rivalry had ensued between Rizal and del Pilar over the leadership of
the Asociación Hispano Filipino in Spain. Rizal decided to leave Europe to avoid
the worsening rift between the Rizalistas and Pilaristas, and to help maintain unity
among Filipino expatriates.
 Rivalry between Jose Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar
- Another organization was formed. This was the Asosacion Hispano Filipino. It
was headed by Dr. Miguel Morayta, a Spanish Professor and a Mason
Grandmaster. In a meeting to decided where the direction of the Propaganda
was going, the group started with an election of the leader. There were 90
Filipino members. An election was held and it was a contest between Jose
Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar. For two canvassings, del Pilar lead the votes but
there was no majority. Finally, on the third attempt, Jose Rizal won but he
chose to leave than divide the Filipinos in Madrid.
 Paciano, his elder brother, advised Jose Rizal not to return to the Philippines but
he compromised that Jose Rizal can return to the East, near enough for his parents
and relatives to visit him but he cannot be disturbed by the Spaniards. He left for
Hong Kong.

7. His Productive Life in Hong Kong

 Jose Ma. Basa initially paid for his fare to Hong Kong.
 With his undesirable experience in Madrid, he decided to leave the political life
in Europe and concentrate on his endeavors.
 He applied for his license to practice medicine in Hong Kong and this was
granted.
 He had a reunion with his siblings and his parents. He supported them in Hong
Kong.
 His friendship with Dr. Lorenzo P. Marque helped him start his practice in Hong
Kong.
 He went to Sandakan, Borneo to look for an alternative place for displaced
Calamba farmers.
 Writings while in Hong Kong:
- He translated The Rights of Man written in French to Tagalong, “Ang Mga
Karapatan ng Tao.
 Jose Ma. Basa thought of the idea of an organized group of Filipinos toward the
attainment of the liberty of the people of the Philippines.
- Jose Rizal wrote the constitution of the organization called the La Liga
Filipina.
 Return to the Philippines
- He wanted to face Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol on the fate of his North
Borneo project since the Governor General remained silent on Jose Rizal’s
petition.
- Together with his sister Lucia, Rizal left Hong Kong and returned to Manila
on June 1892.

So that ends our topic, that you so much for listening. I hope you learned
something, or some prior knowledge about our report were refreshed, so all in
all. Thank you, Thank you so much!