First Travel Abroad (1882 – 1887)

 After finishing his medical course in University of Santo Tomas, Jose

Rizal then decided to go to Spain mainly for two reasons:

 To finish his medical specialization.

 To do his “secret mission” in preparation for his fight in the

Philippines.

 His travel was kept secret to avoid detection and suspicion from

Spanish government and friars.

 He then used the name Jose Mercado and was also assisted by his

uncle, Antonio Rivera.

Philippines to Singapore (May 3-11, 1882)

 He boarded the ship Salvadora bound for Singapore.

 Donato Lecha, captain of the ship defined Jose as a refined man.

 He arrived in Singapore on May 9, 1882.

 He stayed in Hotel de la Paz.

 He then left Singapore on May 11, 1882 boarded the ship Djemnah.

Singapore to Ceylon (May 11 – 17, 1882)

 Djemnah reached Point Galle, a seaport town in southern Ceylon.

 He defined Point Galle as a picturesque but lonely town.

 He then went to Colombo to get references in learning the French

language.

 He defined Colombo as an elegant town compared to Manila.

Ceylon to Italy ( May 17 – June 11, 1882)

 He was amused when the first time he saw camels in Aden.

 They travelled in Suez Canal, a route from Asia to Europe then

docked in Port Said.

 Jose then arrived in Naples, Italy, which according to Jose as a

panoramic beauty.

Italy to France ( June 11 – June 12, 1882)

 Djemnah then docked at the port in the city of Marseilles.

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 Jose visited Chateau D’if, a famous landmark in Count of Monte

Cristo.

 First Travel Abroad (1882 – 1887)

 France to Spain

 In the afternoon of May 5, 1882, Jose left Marseilles by train and

travelled going to Barcelona.

 He arrived in Barcelona on June 16, 1882.

 His first impression of the city was that it was unfavorable.

 He then created articles for the Diariong Tagalog which were Amor

Patria and Los Viajes using the pen name Laong Laan.

 During this time , Manila was ravaged by cholera according to his

brother Paciano.

 Jose was disheartened also because of the letter sent by Leonor

Rivera.

 Fall of 1882, Jose left Barcelona for Madrid.

Experiences in Madrid

 Jose pursued his medical course and finished also the course which

was decided by his father.

 Jose’s only vice was lottery in every lottery in Madrid.

 Jose spends his leisure time reading and attending reunion of

illustrados in Madrid.

 He also practiced shooting and fencing in a communal gymnasium.

 He was then acquainted in the fraternal group of illustrados in

Madrid, Circulo Hispano – Filipino.

 He then declaimed the poem, Mi Piden Versus in a gathering of the

group in New Year’s Eve of 1882.

 He then saved some of his money to purchase books like Uncle

Tom’s Cabin ( Beecher Stowe) and The Wandering Jew (Eugene

Sue).

First Visit in Paris (1883)

 He visited Paris during their summer vacation in Madrid.

 According to Rizal, everything in Paris was so expensive that he

called Paris as the “costliest city in the world.”

 He then visited Laennec Hospital where he observed Dr. Nicaise

treating patients.

 Jose was impressed and saddened on how the Masons were

observed and recognized by the government, which could not be

done in the Philippines.

 He then joined a masonic lodge, Acacia in which he later became a

master mason in 1890.

 He joined the masonic lodge to secure their aid against his fight

with the Spanish.

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 During this time, Calamba was infested with pests, hacienderos

increased their taxes and parasites killed a lot of poultry in

Calamba.

The Return of Rizal in Madrid

 June 24, 1884 – A saddening event happened to Rizal where he was

broke that he cannot afford to buy breakfast.

 Rizal then attended class and won a gold medal in a Greek

language contest.

 June 25, 1884 – a banquet was called for the illustrados for the

double victory Filipinos achieved in Madrid: Luna’s Spoliarium (1st

place) and Hidalgo’s Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho

(2nd place)

 November 20 – 22, 1884 – A bloody riot in Madrid exploded by the

students of Universidad Central.

 November 26, 1884 – Jose send a letter about the riot that

happened in Madrid explaining it detail by detail.

 June 21, 1884 – He earned the Licentiate in Medicine.

 June 19, 1885 – He finished his Philosophy and Letters as a

Sobresaliente.

 He was not happy earning his license as a Doctor because he knew

he will not be accepted in University of Santo Tomas.

France to Germany (1885 -1887)

 After graduating in Madrid, he went to Paris to practice

ophthalmology.

 He then met Maximo Viola, who would later be his best friend in

Europe.

 Rizal stayed in Paris for four months, where he became an assistant

ophthalmologist for Dr. Louis de Weckert.

 He then met Juan Luna and his girlfriend, Paz Pardo de Tavera.

 In Luna’s painting The Death of Cleopatra, Jose posed as an

Egyptian and posed a sandugo depicting Sikatuna – Legazpi pact.

 During this time he learned also to read the solfeggio and play the

piano and flute.

 Alin mang Lahi – a patriotic song written by Rizal which asserts

freedom.

 February 3, 1886 – Jose arrived in Heidelberg, where he was

considered a an excellent chess player.

 He also worked for Dr. Otto Becker, an ophthalmologist.

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 He was also amazed with flowers growing in Heidelberg, where he

dedicated his fine poem , A Flores de Heidelberg.

Germany

 Karl Ullmer – A Protestant Pastor who was the friend of Jose and let

Jose stay in his home.

 July 31, 1886 – Jose wrote his first German letter to Professor

Blumentritt, director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz in Austria.

 August 9, 1886 – Jose left Heidelberg and arrived in Leipzig in

August 16, 1886.

 He then became friends with Friedrich Ratzel and Hans Meyer who

were historians.

 He then translated different German and Swiss literary works and

was send to the Philippines.

 He even translated fairy tales in Tagalog for the nephew of the

historians.

 Knowing his translation skills, he then worked as a proof reader in a

publishing firm in Germany.

 He then met one of the authors he admired, Dr. Feodor Jagor.

 Jose then became a recognized member of Anthropological Society,

Ethnological Society and Geographical Society of Berlin.

 He wrote Tagalische Verkunst, an article about the Tagalog language

written in German (Icelandic) which was praised and commended

by the German community.

 Jose stayed in Berlin to enhance his knowledge about

ophthalmology, to observe Germany and to publish his novel, Noli

me Tangere.

 Madame Lucie Cerdole – A professor in French language who

enhanced the knowledge of Jose about French language and culture.

 Unter den Linden – a famous street in Berlin where Jose like to hang
out.

 In his letter to Trinidad, he discussed about the personality of

German women: diligent, serious, educated, friendly, not gossipy

and not quarrelsome.

The Creation of Noli me Tangere

 Winter of 1886 – Jose was flat broke and he had to pawn the

diamond ring her sister, Saturnina gave to him.

 This was memorable for two reasons: the pain of hunger and

sickness he experienced and the creation of Noli me Tangere.

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 Uncle Tom’s Cabin – A novel used by Jose as a reference for Noli me

Tangere.

 January 1884 – Jose suggested that the novel should be done by a

group of patriotic Filipinos, but at the end he was the only one to

finish it.

 Half of the novel was written in Paris, he continued a quarter of his

novel in Madrid and the last part in Germany.

 In Berlin, He finalized the revisions in February 1886.

 Because Jose was flat broke, his friend, Maximo Viola funded the

publication of the novel where 2000 copies were printed for 300

pesos.

 As a sign of gratitude, Jose gave Maximo one of the original copies

of the novel and a complimentary copy.

 Jose admitted that the title, Noli me Tangere was not originally came

from him but from a Bible verse. ( John 20 : 13-17)

 He dedicated the novel to his fatherland- the Philippines.

The Travels of Rizal and Viola

 May 11, 1887 – The two left Berlin in an express train.

 They visited different places in Europe like:

 Dresden (Germany)

 Teschen ( Czechoslovakia)

 Leitmeritz ( Bohemia)

 Vienna (Austria)

 Munich (Germany)

 Nuremberg (Germany)

 Geneva (Switzerland)

 June 23, 1887 – Jose and Maximo parted ways, Jose went to Italy

and Maximo returned in Spain.

 June 27, 1887 – he arrived in Rome, where he called “The City of

Caesar.”

 After a week, Jose prepared to return to the Philippines.

First Homecoming

 Because of the uproar created by the novel, Paciano advised Jose

not to return home yet.

 But Jose was determined to return home because he wanted to treat

his mother’s eyes.

 July 3, 1887 – He then boarded Djemnah again after several years.

 July 30, 1887 – He arrived in Saigon , Vietnam which he boarded his

transfer ship, Haiphong bound for Manila.

 August 2, 1887 – the steam ship lest for Manila.

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 The calmness of the sea and the night sky, the illumination of the

moonlight prepared Jose for his battle against the Spanish.

 Aug 5, 1887 – Jose arrived in the Manila.

 Upon arrival, he then treated young Filipinos and introduced

European culture.
 But one thing that Jose was not able to do, to meet Leonor Rivera.

RIZAL’S FIRST TRAVEL ABROAD

His first trip abroad and his secret mission He must get the best education he could

find and answer his life question: what could he do to help his oppressed Motherland?

He has to study in Madrid but this plan was kept secret.

His first trip abroad and his secret mission to observe keenly the life and culture,

languages and customs, industries and government and laws of the European nations

in order to prepare himself of the mighty task of liberating his oppressed people from

Spanish tyranny.

MAY 3, 1882 • Rizal left for the Philippines for the first time to Spain. • boarded on the

SS Salvadora bound for using a passport of Jose Mercado.

MAY 9, 1882 • SS Salvadora docked in Singapore • He stayed in Hotel dela Paz for

two days • In Singapore, Rizal transferred to another ship Djemnah, a French

streamer, which left Singapore for Europe on May 11, 1882

MAY 17, 1882 • Rizal arrived at Punta de Gales • Rizal wrote on his travel diary: “The

general appearance of Point Galle is picturestic but lonely and quiet and at the same

time sad”

MAY 18, 1882 • At 7:30 a.m., he left Punta de Gales for Colombo. In the afternoon,

Rizal arrived at Colombo and in the evening the trip was resumed.

MAY 27, 1882 • He landed at Aden at about 8:30 a.m. He made observation at the

time. • Aden – city hotter than Manila; Rizal was amused to see the camels, for the

first time

JUNE 2, 1882 • He arrived at the Suez Canal en route to Marseilles. • City of Suez –

the Red Sea terminal of the Suez Canal. Rizal was impressed in the beautiful

moonlight which reminded him of Calamba and his family • Suez Canal – canal which

built by Ferdinand de Lesseps (French diplomat-engineer) which was inaugurated on

November 17, 1869 • Port Said – the Mediterranean terminal of the Suez Canal
JUNE 11, 1882 • Rizal disembarked and, accompanied by a guide, went around the

City of Naples for one hour. This was the first European ground he set foot on. • Rizal

was pleased on this Italian City because of its business activity, its lively people ad its

panoramic beauty

JUNE 12, 1882 • At ten o’clock in the evening, the boat anchored at Marseilles. He

slept in board. • Rizal visited the famous Chateau d’If, where Dantes, hero of the

Count of Monte Cristo was imprisoned •Rizal stayed two and a half days in Marseilles.

JUNE 15, 1882 • He left Marseilles for Barcelona in an express train. • Rizal crossed

the Pyreness and stopped for a day at the frontier town of Port Bou

JUNE 16, 1882 • At 12:00 noon, Rizal arrived at Barcelona and boarded in the Fonda

De España. • Rizal’s first impression of Barcelona, the greatest city of Cataluña and

Spain’s second largest city was unfavorable

Life in Barcelona

He wrote an essay entitled “AMOR PATRIO” (Love of Country). His next article was

entitled “LOS VIAJES” (Travels) and followed by “REVISTA DE MADRID” (Review of

Madrid) but the latter was returned because the publication was ceased because of

lack of funds.

AUGUST 20, 1882 • His article "Amor Patrio" was published in the Diarong Tagalog,

a Manila newspaper edited by Basilio Teodoro. This was the First article he wrote

abroad. • Amor Patrio (Love of Country) – nationalistic essay, Rizal’s first article

written on Spain’s soil. Under his pen-name Laong Laan. It was published in two texts

– Spanish and Tagalog – the Spanish text was the one originally written by Rizal in

Barcelona, the tagalog text was a Tagalog translation made by M.H. del Pilar

SEPTEMBER 2, 1882 • Rizal moved into abroad in order to continue his medical

studies.

Rizal enrolled at the Unibersidad Central de Madrid. In two courses – Medicine and

Philosophy and Letters. November 3, 1882

LIFE IN MADRID

Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando – Rizal studied painting and sculpture • Took
lesson in French, German and English under private instructors. • Practiced fencing

and shooting at the Hall of Arms in Sanz y Carbonell.

Rizal joined the CIRCULO-HISPANO FILIPINO.

It is an association formed by Filipino students in Spain composed both Filipinos and

Spaniards • Me Piden Versos (They Ask Me For Verses)- upon the request of the

members of this society, Rizal wrote this poem which he personally declaimed during

the New Year’s Eve reception of the Madrid Filipinos held in the evening of December

31, 1882

MARCH 1883, He joined the Masonic Lodge called ACACIA. His reason for was to

secure Freemasonry's aid in his fight in the Philippines. NOVEMBER 1883, He

transferred to LODGE SOLIDARIDAD, where he become a Master Mason

JUNE 1884 Rizal finished his medical education. He was conferred the degree of

Licentiate in Medicine. The next year, he passed all his subjects leading to Doctors of

Medicine but was only able to get his Doctor’s Diploma in 1887 for he wasn’t able to

pay corresponding fees.

JUNE 1885 Rizal was awarded the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by

the Universidad Central de Madrid with the rating of “Excellent”: (Sobresaliente)

PARIS TO BERLIN

Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in ophthalmology—Rizal

chose this branch of medicine because he wanted to cure his mother’s eye ailment

DR. LOIUS DE WECKERT

He is the leading French Ophthalmologist during the period. He is the leading

authority among the oculists of France, who found Rizal such a competent student

and make him as his clinical assistant.

During his free time, he visited his fellow countrymen – Pardo de Taveras (Trinidad,

Felix and Paz) and Juan Luna. Rizal posed in Luna’s canvass like, “The Blood

Compact” in which he posed as Sikatuna and Trinidad as Legaspi. He also posed for

a group picture called “The Death of Cleopatra” wherein he dressed as an Egyptian.

FEBRUARY 1, 1886, He left Paris to Germany and arrived on February 3, 1886 in

Heidelberg - a historic city in Germany famous for its old university and romantic

surroundings

DR. OTTO BECKER

Distinguished German ophthalmologist where Rizal worked—University Eye Hospital

NOVEMBER 1886 Rizal arrived in Berlin. He was enchanted by the scientific

atmosphere and the absence of racial prejudice in Berlin.

BERLIN

Rizal met Dr. Feodor Jagor, great scientist and author of “Travels in the Philippines”,

one of the books Rizal admired during his student days. He also met Dr. Rudolf

Virchow, a famous German Anthropologist; his son Dr. Hans Virchow, a professor in

anatomy; and Dr. W. Joest, a German Geographer.

RIZAL’S REASON IN STAYING IN BERLIN

1. To gain further knowledge in Ophthalmology:

2. To further his studies of sciences and languages;

3. To observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation;

4. To associate with famous German scientists and scholars;

5. To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere.

MARCH 11, 1886 One of Rizal’s important letters written while he was in Germany

that addressed to his sister, Trinidad.

- In this letter, Rizal expressed his high regard and admiration for German

womanhood - The German woman, said Rizal to his sister, is serious, diligent,

educated, and friendly. She is not gossipy, frivolous and quarrelsome

NOLI ME TANGERE PUBLISHED IN BERLIN (1887)

The bleak winter of 1886 in Berlin was Rizal’s darkest winter because no money

arrived from Calamba and he was flat broke. The diamond ring which his sister,

Saturnina, gave him was in the pawnshop. It was memorable in the life of Rizal for

two reasons: (1) it was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick and despondent in a

strange city (2) it brought him great joy after enduring so much sufferings, because

his first novel, Noli Me Tangere came off the press in March, 1887
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE’S UNLCE TOM’S CABIN

- inspired Dr. Rizal to prepare a novel that would depict the miseries of his people

under the lash of Spanish tyrants.

MAXIMO VIOLA - Rizal’s friend from Bulacan, arrived in Berlin at the height of Rizal

despondency and loaned him the needed funds to publish the novel; savior of Noli

FEBRUARY 21, 1887 - the Noli was finally finished and ready for printing

BERLINER BUCHDRUCKREI- ACTION-GESSELSCHAFT - a printing shop which

charged the lowest rate, that is, 300 pesos for 2,00 copies of the novel

MARCH 21, 1887 - the Noli Me Tangere came off the press

The title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase which means “Touch Me Not”. It is not

originally conceived by Rizal, for he admitted taking it from the Bible

RIZAL’S GRAND TOUR OF EUROPE WITH VIOLA (1887)

Rizal and Viola left Berlin by train • Dresden- one of the best cities in Germany •

Prometheus Bound-painting wherein Rizal was deeply impressed • Teschen (now

Decin, Czechoslovakia)- next stopover after leaving Dresedn MAY 11, 1887

At 1:30pm of May 13, 1887- the train, with Rizal and Viola on board, arrived at the

railroad station of •Leitmeritz, Bohemia for the first time, the two great scholars—

Rizal and Blumentritt—met in person •Professor Blumentritt- a kind-hearted, old

Austrian professor •May 13 to May 16, 1887- Rizal and Viola stayed in Leitmeritz

•Burgomaster- town mayor •Tourist’s Club of Leitmeritz-which Blumentritt was the

secretary; Rizal spoke extemporaneously in fluent Germany to the officers and

members •Dr. Carlos Czepelak- renowned scientist of Europe •Professor Robert

Klutschak- an eminent naturalist •May 16, 1887 at 9:45 AM- Rizal and Viola left

Leitmeritz by train LEITMERITZ

Dr. Willkomm- professor of natural history in the University of Prague •According to

Viola, “nothing of importance happened” in this city PRAGUE

May 20, 1887- Rizal and Viola arrived in the beautiful city of Vienna, capital of

Austria-Hungary •Vienna was truly the “Queen of Danube” because of its beautiful

buildings, religious images, haunting waltzes and majestic charm VIENNA

Norfentals- one of the greatest Austrian novelists was favorably impressed by Rizal,

and years later he spoke highly of Rizal, “whose genius he so much admired.” •Hotel

Metropole- where Rizal and Viola stayed In Vienna, Rizal received his lost diamond

stickpin VIENNA

May 24, 1887- Rizal and Viola left Vienna on a river boat to see the beautiful sights of

the Danube River • Rizal particularly noticed that the passengers on the river boat

were using paper napkins during the meals, which was a novelty to him. Viola,

commented that the paper napkins were “more hygienic and economical than cloth

napkins” DANUBIAN VOYAGE TO LINTZ

Munich- where Rizal and Viola sojourned for a short time to savor the famous Munich

beer, reputed to be the best in Germany • Nuremberg- one of the oldest cities of

Germany FROM LINTZ TO RHEINFALL

The Cathedral of Ulm- the largest and tallest cathedral in all Germany • From Ulm,

they went to Stuttgart, Baden and then Rheinfall (Cascade of the Rhine). At Rheinfall,

they saw the waterfall, “the most beautiful waterfall of Europe” FROM LINTZ TO

RHEINFALL

June 2 to 3, 1887 – stayed at Schaffhausen, Switzerland CROSSING THE

FRONTIER TO SWITZERLAND

This Swiss city is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe, visited by world tourists

every year • June 19, 1887- Rizal treated Viola to a blow-out. It was his 26th birthday •

Rizal and Viola spent fifteen delightful days in Geneva.

June 23, 1887- Viola and Rizal parted ways—Viola returned to Barcelona while Rizal

continued the tour to Italy • Exposition of the Philippines in Madrid, Spain- Rizal was

outraged by this degradation of his fellow countrymen the Igorots of Northern Luzon

June 27, 1887- Rizal reached Rome, the “Eternal City” and also called the “City of the

Caesars” • Rizal was thrilled by the sights and memories of the Eternal City.

Describing to Blumentritt, the “grandeur that was Rome”, he wrote on June 27, 1887

June 29, 1887- the Feast Day of St. Peter and St. Paul, Rizal visited for the first time

the Vatican, the “City of the Popes” and the capital of Christendom
Every night, after sightseeing the whole day, Rizal returned to his hotel, very tired. “I

am tired as a dog,” he wrote to Blumentritt, “but I will sleep as a God”

After a week of wonderful sojourn in Rome, Rizal prepared to return to the

Philippines. He had already written to his father that he was coming home.

Rizal's First Travel Abroad (1882-1887) Singapore

∙ May 3, 1882 The Departure for Spain

To avoid detection by the Spanish authorities and the friars, Rizal's departure for Spain

was kept secret. Even his own parents didn't know because his mother wouldn't let him.

Only his older brother, uncle, sisters Neneng and Lucia, the Valenzuela family, Pedro

Paterno, Mateo Evangelista, the Ateneo Jesuit fathers, and a few close friends were

present. The Jesuit priests recommended him to the members of their Society in

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Barcelona. He went by the name Jose Mercado.

People who knew the Secret Mission of Rizal:

▪ Paciano Rizal

▪ Antonio Rivera

▪ Saturnina Rizal

▪ Lucia Rizal

▪ Capt. Juan Valenzuela

▪ Sanday Valenzuela

▪ Pedro Paterno

▪ Ateneo Jesuit Fathers

▪ Mateo Evangelista

▪ Jose M. Cecilio

Rizal's First Travel Abroad (1882-1887) Colombo

∙ May 9, 1882 - Rizal departed on board of the Spanish Streamer Salvaclora bound

for Singapore.
∙ May 18, 1882 - He boarded Djemah bound to Colombo, Sri Lanka. He left Punta

de Gales for Colombo at 7:30 a.m. Rizal arrived in Colombo in the afternoon, and

the journey was resumed in the evening. To improve his knowledge.

∙ June 2, 1882 - Rizal arrived at Suez Canal

Rizal's First Travel Abroad (1882-1887) Naples and Marseilles

∙ June 11, 1882 - Rizal advent to Italy for business activity. This was Rizal’s first

European ground he set foot on.

∙ June 12-15, 1882 - Rizal boarded at Marseilles France. Rizal visited the Chateau

d'lf. He stayed in Marseilles in two and a half days.

Rizal's First Travel Abroad (1882-1887) Barcelona

∙ June 16, 1882 - Rizal advent at Barcelona, Spain. He boarded on the Fonda de

Espania. Rizal's impression in Barcelona that was the greatest city of Cataluña. ∙

September 2, 1882 - Rizal goes to Madrid. To study Medicine and Philosophy and

Letters

Rizal's First Travel Abroad (1882-1887) Barcelona

∙ June 15, 1883 - Rizal arrived at France to spend summer.

∙ February 3, 1883 - Rizal advent ro Germany and write his poem.

∙ April 26, 1886 - He left Heidelberg for Wilhelmsfeld.

∙ June 20-25, 1886 - Rizal studied German life.

∙ August 15, 1886 - He goes to Leipzig, Germany, for letter's study of language.

Rizal's First Travel Abroad (1882-1887) France

June 19, 1887 - Rizal celebrated his 26th birthday in Geneva.

June 23, 1887 - Rizal going to Rome

June 27, 1887 - Rizal advent at Italy he visited the Roca Taperya.

July 2, 1887 - Rizal arrived in Marseilles to find Meroa Gerias.