LABORATORY REPORT 1

LABORATORY ACTIVITY #5

ECPE-0424:
ROBOTICS TECHNOLOGY

Submitted by:
Velasco, Rodrigo Jr. A.
Beltran, Jannah Mae G.
Bautista, Eleissa Jersey B.
Fernandez, Adoni

ECE 4B

April 8, 2022
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Activity Manual

1. List of components used.

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION USAGE

It is a microcontroller Arduino Uno is used in
board developed by Do-it-Yourself projects
ARDUINO UNO Arduino.cc and is based prototyping.
on Atmega328 Can be used in developing
Microcontroller. Arduino projects based on code-
UNO is a very valuable based control
addition in electronics that And developing of
consists of a USB interface, Automation Systema also
14 digital I/O pins,6 analog on
pins and an Atmega328 designing of basic circuit
microcontroller. It also designs
supports 3 communication
protocols named Serial,
I2C and SPI protocol. 
a light-emitting diode LED are traffic signals,
(LED) is a semiconductor automotive headlamps, in
device that emits light medical devices, camera
when an electric current is flashes, also commonly
LED passed through it. Light is used in electronics and
produced when the automotive industries,
particles that carry and signage, and many other
combine together within uses.
the semiconductor
material.

Since light is generated

within the solid
semiconductor material,
LEDs are described as
solid-state devices. The
term solid-state lighting,
which also encompasses
organic LEDs,
distinguishes this lighting
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technology from other

sources that use heated
filaments or gas discharge.
Piezo buzzers are simple used in alarms, warning
devices that can generate devices and automobile
PIEZO BUZZER basic beeps and tones. alerts. In addition, since
They work by using a they can produce a wide
piezo crystal, a special range of audible signals,
material that changes they're also used in pest
shape when voltage is deterrent devices.
applied to it.  If the
crystal pushes against a
diaphragm, like a tiny
speaker cone, it can
generate a pressure wave
which the human ear
picks up as sound.
Simple change the
frequency of the voltage
sent to the piezo and it
will start generating
sounds by changing
shape very quickly

Jumper wires are simply Jumper wires are used to

wires that have connector connect two points in a
pins at each end, allowing circuit. All Electronics
them to be used to connect stocks jumper wire in a
JUMPING WIRES M TO M
two points to each other variety of lengths and
without soldering. Jumper assortments. Frequently
wires typically come in used with breadboards
three versions: male-to- and other prototyping
male, male-to-female and tools in order to make it
female-to-female. The easy to change a circuit as
difference between each is needed
in the end point of the
wire. Male ends have a pin
protruding and can plug
into things, while female
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ends do not and are used

to plug things into. Male-
to-male jumper wires are
the most common and
what you likely will use
most often. When
connecting two ports on a
breadboard, a male-to-
male wire is what you’ll
need.
A resistor is an electrical used to reduce current
RESISTOR (100 OHMS) component that limits or flow, adjust signal levels,
regulates the flow of to divide voltages, bias
electrical current in an active elements, and
electronic circuit. Resistors terminate transmission
can also be used to provide lines, among other uses.
a specific voltage for an
active device such as
a transistor
- Tilt sensors (SW-520D) signaling of positions of
allow you to detect valves, maximum tilt
orientation or inclination. protection (eg of aerial
They are small, platforms or platforms),
inexpensive, low-power replacement for mercury
and easy-to-use. If used exchangers, for tilt
TILT SWITCH
properly, they will not protection and tilt
(SW 520D)
wear out. Their simplicity protection.
makes them popular for
toys, gadgets and
appliances. Sometimes
they are referred to as
"mercury switches", "tilt
switches" or "rolling ball
sensors" for obvious
reasons. They are usually
made by a cavity of some
sort (cylindrical is
popular, although not
always) and a conductive
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free mass inside, such as

a blob of mercury or
rolling ball. One end of
the cavity has two
conductive elements
(poles). When the sensor
is oriented so that that
end is downwards, the
mass rolls onto the poles
and shorts them, acting as
a switch throw. While not
as precise or flexible as a
full accelerometer, tilt
switches can detect
motion or orientation
simply. Another benefit
to them is that the big
ones can switch power on
their own A tilt sensor has
a metallic ball that is
designed to move the two
pins of the instrument
from the 'on' to the 'off'
position, and vice versa, if
the sensor reaches a pre-
determined angle. Tilt
sensors are the
environment-friendly
version of a mercury-
switch.

2. Experimental Principle

The metal ball makes contact with both terminals and closes the
switch when the switch is held upright. The metal ball loses contact
with the terminals when the tilt switch is tilted, and the switch is
open. This simply means that the state of the tilt switch becomes
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“true” when it is oriented downwards, otherwise it will become

“false”.

In this experiment, we make a tilt indicator light out of a tilt

switch and a yellow LED. The yellow LED will light up when the
switch is in the upright position, but when the switch is tilted, the
LED will turn off.

We have added a new parameter to signify the tilt action: an

LED (RED) and a buzzer. the LED (RED) will turn on, and the Buzzer
will sound when the tilt switch is tilted.

3. Experimental Procedure

STEP 1: Create a schematic diagram of the circuit

STEP 2: Connect the poles of the tilt switch to the digital pin 2 and
ground pin of the Arduino

STEP 3: Connect the positive pole of the yellow LED to the digital pin
12 with 100-ohm resistor while the negative pole to the ground of the
Arduino

STEP 4: Create a program depending on the desired output

STEP 5: Connect the Arduino to the computer and upload the

created program

STEP 6: Test the device

For the application: Creating a tilt switch alarm by adding two more
outputs; one LED and one piezo buzzer
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STEP 7: Connect the positive pole of the red LED to digital pin 13 of
the Arduino with a 100-ohm resistor while the negative pole is
connected to the ground
STEP 8: Connect the positive pole of the piezo buzzer to digital pin
11 while the negative pole is connected to the ground

STEP 9: Upload the program

STEP 10: Test the device

4. Conclusion/Analysis

In conclusion, tilt switches are used to detect change-of-state in

terms of motion and orientation. It is done by producing an artificial
horizon and angular tilt is measured to its horizon. It opens and
closes a switch or triggers audible and visual responses such as tilt
switch alarms. We have found out in the experiment that there are
some considerations to take into account in using tilt switch. These
are the tilt angle range, number of axes, resolution, accuracy and
frequency range, sensitivity, output, noise tolerance, and display
types. In our case, we used an SW520D model which has a low
accuracy when it comes to tilt angle range. Because of that, the
application for this kind of model is limited only to switch ON and
OFF a circuit. Despite of the angular limitation of the model we used,
there are still some applications that it can be used. If the user wants
another output instead of sound, piezo buzzers can be replaced with
display types; analog meters to determine orientation, digital
numerical displays such as LCD to display orientation angle, voltage,
or current, and video displays to display and record tilt sensor
readings. This only implies that the tilt switch is dependent on the
orientation and motion of the rolling ball inside its cylindrical-shaped
body.
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