Eastern philosophies

 Eastern philosophy is a very broad topic.

 They range from polytheist to non-theist.how religious practice and belief do not depend
on the presence of (a) god(s).

 Far Eastern philosophies focus on a detachment of self from the material world.

 Eastern philosophy includes Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism among

others.

Eastern philosophy focuses on the ethical implications of the Buddha's Four Noble Truths and
Noble Eightfold Path. Yung four noble truth isa siyang method of attaining the end of suffering
katulad nan ga lang ng sinabi ni Buddha or ni Sidharta Gautama na” life is full of suffering”
bakit? Sa tingin niyo? Bakit nasabi ni Buddha yung ganitong truth abut life? Anyone? So for me
naman, we suffer because we live. For example diba pag nagmahal tayo nandon yung saya sa
una diba? Pero at the end pag naghiwalay kayo nandon yung pain or yung kirot ba na
mararanasan natin, hindi lang naman marerelate yung suffering sa love eh nandon yung sa
friends na ang bait mo tapos parang pinaplastik ka lang pala hahaha charizz, so ayon nga yung
mga joyous moments na nagdadala ng joy and also pain. and then yung eightfold path ito yung
mga r’s or yung mga right understanding,right thought, right speech, right action, right
livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration. So yung eastern philosophy is
also focused on epistemology, or philosophical questions of knowledge. And also Eastern
Philosophy consists of schools of thought which are often closely tied sa mga religious
beliefs nila.

Eastern philosophies are often described as “wisdom” literature, where stories,

sayings, and texts encourage people to adopt an ethical and harmonious way of life.
There is a great emphasis on social relations, and the family and community are
considered as a central aspect of life. The goal of this philosophy is to achieve a
balanced life and find one’s role in society.

As for the Eastern education, yung mga teachers are fully responsible sila in performing the
effective lessons, and this makes this philosophy implements passive learning in the
Class kasi when we say passive learning ito yung method of learning or instruction where in
yung students sila yung nagrereceive ng information from the teachers and kailangan nilang
iinternalize yung info na binibigay ni teacher, this means that si students papakinggan at
babasahin niya yung material na binigay ni teacher and magrereflect siya internally without
furtehr reflection back or reviewing, kasi yung mga teachers hindi nila ienencourage yung mga
students to voice out in giving their opinion while the teaching and learning process happen. So
yung mga students they become demotivated and lose interest doon sa lesson. Kasi nga yung
mga students limited lang yung opportunity to voice their thoughts.

Yung religion na naka include sa eastern philosophy is yung HINDUISM

HINDUISM- .major world religion siya na nag originate sa indian subcontinent na binubuo ng
Ibat-ibang system of philosophy, beliefs and ritual. Hinduism also is the oldest living religion
dito sa earth and marami din tong sacred text sa sanskrit and vernacular languages so when we
say sanskrit ito yung ancient language ng mga hinduism ito yung means of communication and
dialogue nila.

Buddhism- is a faith that was founded by siddharta gautama (“the buddha”) Morethan 2500
years ago sa India. Meron siyang 470 million followers. Naniniwala sila sa reincarnation . He
is also known as Buddha, isa siyang philosopher, a meditator, a spiritual teacher, and
a religious leader of Buddhism who lived in ancient India.

So ayon nga buddhism religion and philosophy developed doon sa teachings ni Buddha.
And it played a central role sa spiritual, cultural and social life ng mga taong nakatira sa Asia,
and nagspread out itong buddhism sa west nung 20th century.

Confucianism- CONFUCIUS is known as the 1st teacher in china na may kagustuhang

magkaroon ng education yung lahat. Ito yung sikat na Goldren rule ni Confucius which is ang
“do not do unto others what would not want others to do unto you” so para sa inyo po give po
kayo ng example about this golden rule.

So itong confucianism nga po is si confucius ang nag propagated or founder nito nung 6 to 5th
century bce and followed by the Chinese people for more tha 2 millenia . Although nababago
dahil sa paglipas ng taon still substance of learning pa rin and also source of values and social
code pa rin to ng mga chinese. Yung pag influence ng confucianism is extended to other cuntries
particularly korea, japan and vietnam. Cofucianism has no counterpart sa mga chinese,
pagdating sa worldview, social ethuc and political ideology and also sa way of life nila. Itong
confucianism daw is naview siya as philosophy and sometimes as a religion,

Confucius response to the political crises, he address himself doon sa issue ng pagkatuto niya so
sinubukan niyang iredefine and irevitalize yung mga institutions , family,school and the local
community, hindi inaccept ni confucius yung status na panghawakan yung wealth and power t
spoke oudest kasi nadama niya na yung virtue, and personal quality is isa sa requirement for
leadership na essential din para sa dignity ng isang tao.

TAOISM- taoism is a religion and philosophy na mula sa ancient china na nag iinfluence ng
folk and national belief. Connected itong taoism doon sa philosopher na si lao tzu which father
ng eastern philosophy, dito sa taoism hilds that human and animals is mamuhay ng balance
kasama ng mga tao or ng kawalan or universe. Kasi itong mga taois naniniwala sila sa spiritual
immortality na sinasabi na yung espiritu ng isang tao is sumasama sa kawalan pagtapos nila
mamatay. Kasi nga naniniwala sila na all living creature ought to live in a state of harmony with
the universe. And yung energy na nakukuha daw nila is galing doon sa universe.
One of the main idea din sa taoist is ayon nga balancing forces such as light and dark, or hot and
cold, action and inaction which work together towards a universal whole. , Daoism is also
spelled as taoism din parang naiba lang yung first letter.

ZEN BUDDHISM- yung zen is japanese name sya para sa mga buddhist, zen is also originate sa
china, korea and japan and vietnamn. Nung pumunta yung mga buddhist 2000 yrs ago sa china
na encountered nila ang daoism and confucianism absorbing some elements f both while
rejecting others, yung chan po ito po yyung tradition na nag memerged, na nag rerefer don sa
quality of mind through meditation, kasi through sitting meditation isa to sa most important
tradition ng mga japanese na tinatawag nilang zazzen.

CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY- ITO ay set of philosophical ideas na initiated sympre ng mga

christians from 2nd century up to present. Christian philosophy emerged with the aim of
reconcile science and faith like sabi na nga ni Augustine na naniniwala siya na may harmonious
relationship and science tsaka pananampalataya or faith, so yung iba naman like si tertullian na
may contradiction and sinubukan daw ng iba na baguhin yung mga to. May iba daw na
kinuquestion yung Christian Philosophy daw is walang originality in christian thoughts kasi yung
concept and ideas daw is inherited mula don sa greek philosophy, kaya yung christian
philosophy would protect yung philosophical thought which would already be definitely
elaborated by Greek Philosophy. So Christian believes to only one god and naniniwala din yung
mga christian na God created the heaven and earth, alam naman natin na ang symbol ng christian
philosophy or christianity is Cross.

SARACEN PHILOSOPHY- is the term used during medieval era. ayun nga saracen mula siya
doon sa middle ages, arab,turk na yung religion nila is Islam, Earlier in roman world
nagkakaroon sila ng referrence about doon sa Saracen. Yung term na ito is appied to an arab tribe
living sa Sinai Peninsula. Saracen derived ito sa old french word na Sarrazin meaning Saracen.
For instance they worship a trinity, parehas sila ng christian na may practice na ganito pero yung
sa kanila is iba, kung yung sa christianity merong father,son,and holy spirit. Pero dito sa SAracen
yung trinity nila is Mohammed,termagant and apollo.

CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY:

First one po is Perennialism-

Dito po sa perennialism of education noh sinasabi na yung school they are Teaching ideas that
are everlasting, you can remember the word Perennialism by the word Perennial means lasting
for many years.the goal of perennialist is to think that when we teach to students, we think that
we are rationally and develop minds that we can think critically and also to develop the students
moral powers. According nga kay Aristotle na kapag papabayaan nating yung rreasoning skills
na meron yung mga bata noh na dedeprived natin yung ability nila to use their higher faculties to
control their passion and appetites.
WHAT TEACH- next naman po sa what teaach, perrenialist is a universal one na all human is
possess the same essential in nature, perrenialist teacher teach lesson mula sa classic and great
books.

HOW TEACH- perrenialist classrooms are Classrom na teacher centered so yung mga students
is nag eengage doon sa socratic dialogue so ayon nga na yung mga teacher dito is hindi nila
inaallow yung mga students interest or experiences to substantially dictate what they teach.

ESSENTIALISM- dito naman po sa essentialism they are training the mind with what are
essential. So in this philosophical of thought
WHY TEACH- dito po sa why teach yung mga teacher nagtuturo sila para maka acquire ng
basic knowledge, skills and values doon sa mga students. Teachers teach to transmit the
traditional moral values and intellectual knowledge that students need to become model citizens.
Next naman po is yung what teach- program are academically rigorous, basic skills or
fundamental R’s such as reading,writing, arithmetic and right conduct ito is acquisition of higher
or more complex skills in preparating the adult life. Teachers and administrator decide kung ano
yung matutunan nila and also place a little emphais doon sa student interest particularly sa pag
divert ng time and attention fro the academic curriculum.

HOW TO TEACH- Dito naman po ineemphasize ng teacher yung mastery of subject matter kasi
they are expected to be intellectual and morel models. Para maka gain ng mastery of basic skills
so yung teacher kailangan nilang mag observe ng core of requirements and longer academic
year. Teachers also rely sa pag gamit ng prescribed textbooks, drill method, lecture method andd
others that enable them to cover as much academic content like lecture method.

PROGRESSIVISM- it is the idea that education is comes from the experience

WHY TEACH- ang isang progressivist teacher she/he teacher to develop learners to enlightened
and to be more intelligent citizen kasi nga yung progressivist teacher are more concerned sa
pagtuturo ng skills to cope with change.

WHAT TEACH- progressivist identified yung need based and relevant curriculum . so this
curriculum nagreresponds sa students needs and nirerelate sa student personal lives and
experiences.

HOW TEACH- progressivist teacher apply experiental methods. Naniniwala sila na lahat tayo ay
natututo sa pag gawa. According to john dewey na sikat sa pag advocate ng progressivism book,
na learning is no substitute for actual experience. Kasi one of the essential teaching method ng
mga progressivist teacher is nag rerely doon sa problem solving method. So this problem solving
makes use of this scientific method. Yung iba naman “hand on minds on hearts on yung
teaching methodology na ginagamit ng mga progressivist teacher kasi sa methodology of
teaching na to yung mga students nakikipag interact sila sa nature and society. And teaher may
also stimulate students sa pamamagitan ng pa games like puzzle and others na makakatulong sa
mga bata.
RECONSTRUCTIONISM- It emphasize the addressing of social questions and quest to create a
better society

WHY TEACH- the education attain in social reform is the aim f education.

What teach- curriculum focuses doon sa students social action in solving real problems such
environmental problems, hunger and international terrorism.

Reconstructionist deals to

How teach- social issues dealth through inquiry, dialogue and multiple perspectives. And the
Community based learning po ang reconstructionism.

So may nakalimutan akong isama na contemporary philosophies which are existentialism and
behaviorism so ididscuss ko na lang sya briefly.

Sa existemtialism nagfofocus siya sa individuals freedom to choose kung anong gusto nilang
purpose sa buhay.
So yung main concern neto is to help students to understand and appreciate yung sarili nila as
unique individuals who accept complete responsibilities sa thoughts, feelings and actions.
In existentialism curriulum naman yung mga students is binibigyan ng wide variety of option
kung anong gusto nilang piliin. Para naman to sa what to teach
Whie sa how to teach naman , methods focus on the individual and learning is self paced and self
directed.

BEHAVIORISM NAMAN- ito naman po is nagfofocused doon sa acquisition of new behavior

based doon sa environmental conditions.
Behaviorist are concerned to modify and shape the students behavior by providing for a
favorable environment since naniniwal sila na tayo raw is product ng ating environment.
What to teach- behaviorist teacher teach students to respond favorably in the enviroment.
Teacher arrange also the environmental conditions of the students to make responses doon sa
stimuli, nag pprovide din sila ng reinforcement and punishment to reinforce yung mga positive
and negative responses.

POST MODERN PHILOSOPHIES- dito po iniaim lang ng postmodern philosophies sa

education na yung teaching are critical thinking, production of knowledge and development of
individual and social identity, self crreation. So post modern education teachers nag lelead sa
students to discover new things.