SIMULATION

OF
INDUCTION
MOTOR IN
MATLAB

Done By
PROJECT WORK Prateek Garg
(2K19/EE/189) Piyush
Yadav (2K19/EE/183)
 ROADMAP

4 Simulation And

Results 5 Conclusion

3 Speed Control

Methods

2 Startin
g
Metho
ds
1 Introduction
 INTRODUCTION
An induction motor (also known as an asynchronous motor) is a
commonly used AC electric motor. In an induction motor, the electric
current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained via
electromagnetic induction from the rotating magnetic field of the
stator winding.

Induction motors are referred to as ‘asynchronous motors’ because

they operate at a speed less than their synchronous speed.

Synchronous speed is the speed of rotation of the magnetic field in a

rotary machine, and it depends upon the frequency and number
poles of the machine. The induction motor always runs at speed less
than its synchronous speed.
𝑁𝑠 = 120×𝑓 𝑃 (𝑅𝑃𝑀)
The Induction motor works on the principle of Electromagnetic
Induction. Electromagnetic induction is the phenomenon in which the
electromotive force induces across the electrical conductor when it is
placed in a rotating magnetic field.

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STARTING METHODS
Motor behaves like an electrical transformer with short circuited secondary winding. Because at the time of starting, the
rotor is stationary and the back emf due to the rotation is not developed yet hence the motor draws the high starting
current. So, we use starters in order to limit the high starting current.
The three-phase induction motor may be started by connecting the motor directly to the full voltage of the supply. The
motor can also be started by applying a reduced voltage to the motor.
The torque of the induction motor is proportional to the square of the applied voltage. Thus, greater torque is exerted by a
motor when it is started on full voltage than when it is started on the reduced voltage.

We classify starting methods for squirrel cage induction motor

into two types on the basis of voltage.
The two types are:
(i) Full voltage starting method and
(ii) reduced voltage method for starting induction motor.

The three primary starting methods include the

(iii)
1. Direct on Line Starter (DOL)
2. Auto Transformer Starter
3. Soft Starter

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SPEED CONTROL
A three-phase induction motor is basically a constant speed motor so it’s somewhat difficult to control its
speed.
There are various methods of speed control of an Induction Motor.
𝑁𝑟 = (1 − 𝑠)𝑁𝑠
𝑁𝑠 = 120𝑓/𝑃
Therefore,
𝑁𝑟 = 120𝑓/𝑃 (1 − 𝑠)
Methods of Speed Control:
Stator Voltage Control
1. Rotor Resistance Control
2. Frequency Control or V/F Control

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 STATOR VOLTAGE CONTROL
Stator Voltage Control is a method used to control the speed of an Induction Motor. The speed of a three-
phase induction motor can be varied by varying the supply voltage. As we already know that the torque
developed is proportional to the square of the supply voltage and the slip at the maximum torque is
independent of the supply voltage. The variation in the supply voltage does not alter the synchronous speed of
the motor.
By varying the supplying voltage, the speed can be controlled. The voltage is varied until the torque required
by the load is developed, at the desired speed. The torque developed is proportional to the square of the
supply voltage and the current is proportional to the voltage
Hence, to reduce the speed for the same value of the same current, the value of the voltage is reduced and as a
result, the torque developed by the motor is reduced. This stator voltage control method is suitable for
applications where the load torque decreases with the speed. For example- In the fan load.
 STATOR VOLTAGE CONTROL

This method gives a speed control only below the normal rated speed as the operation of the voltages if
higher than the rated voltage is not admissible. This method is suitable where the intermittent operation of the
drive is required and also for the fan and pump drives. As in fan and pump the load torque varies as the
square of the speed. These types of drives required low torque at lower speeds. This condition can be
obtained by applying a lower voltage without exceeding the motor current.
The variable voltage for speed control of small size motors mainly for single-phase can be obtained by the
following methods given below:
By connecting an external resistance in the stator circuit of the motor.
By using an Auto-transformer.
By using a Thyristor voltage controller.
By using a Triac Controller.
TORQUE SPEED CHARACTERISTICS
VARIABLE STATOR VOLTAGE

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VARIABLE STATOR VOLTAGE

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VARIABLE STATOR VOLTAGE

Torque-Speed Characteristics
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 VARIABLE ROTOR RESISTANCE

Rotor Resistance Control is also one of the methods by which we can control the speed of the Induction motor. The speed
of the wound induction motor can be controlled by connecting an external resistance in the rotor circuit through slip rings.
This method is not applicable to cage rotor induction motors.
As we know that the maximum torque is independent of the rotor resistance, yet the accurate location of the maximum
torque Ʈmax is dependent on it. The larger the value of the resistance,
the larger will be the value of the slip at which the maximum torque occurs.
If the resistance of the motor is increased, then the pull-out speed of the motor decreases. But the maximum torque
remains constant. Thus, by Rotor Resistance Control method, the speed control is provided by the rated speed to the lower
speeds. This method of speed control is very simple. It is possible to have a large starting torque, low starting current, and
large values of the pullout torque at a small value of slip.
 VARIABLE ROTOR RESISTANCE

The major disadvantage of the rotor resistance control method is that the efficiency is low because of
the additional losses present in the resistors connected within the rotor circuit. The efficiency is
greatly reduced at low speeds because of the higher value of the slip. This method of speed control is
used in Cranes, Ward Leonard drives, and other intermittent load applications because of the low
cost and high torque capability at the lower speed.
This speed control method can also be used in fans or pump drives, where speed variation over a
small range near the maximum or top speed is required.
VARIABLE ROTOR RESISTANCE

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VARIABLE ROTOR RESISTANCE

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VARIABLE ROTOR RESISTANCE

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VARIABLE ROTOR RESISTANCE

Torque-Speed Characteristics
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 VARIABLE SUPPLY
FREQUENCY
Variable Frequency Control is a method that is used to control the speed of an induction motor. The
synchronous speed and therefore, the speed of the motor can be controlled by varying the supply frequency
In order to minimise the losses and to avoid saturation, the motor is operated at rated air gap flux. This
condition is obtained by varying the terminal voltage with frequency so as to maintain the (V/f) ratio
constant at the rated value. This type of control is known as Constant Volts Per Hertz. Thus, the speed
control of an induction motor using a variable-frequency supply requires a variable voltage power source.
The variable-frequency supply is obtained by the following converters.
Voltage source inverter
Current source inverter
Cyclo converter
An inverter converts a fixed voltage DC to a fixed or variable voltage AC with variable frequency. Cyclo
converter converts a fixed voltage and fixed frequency AC to a variable voltage and variable AC frequency.
VARIABLE SUPPLY
FREQUENCY

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VARIABLE SUPPLY FREQUENCY

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VARIABLE SUPPLY
FREQUENCY

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VARIABLE SUPPLY
FREQUENCY

Torque-Speed
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CONCLUSION
Torque-Speed characteristics for different methods of speed control of an IM were
obtained and analyzed by developing MATLAB codes. In rotor resistance control method,
the starting torque can be varied with the variation of rotor resistance. The maximum
torque, however, remains unaffected.

In constant control, by use of rectifier and PWM inverter, we can vary the supply voltage
as well as the supply frequency such that the ratio remains constant so that the flux
remains constant too. So, we can get di fferent operating zone for various speeds and
torques and also we can get di fferent synchronous speed with almost same maximum
torque.

Also, from the SIMULINK model for the starting of an induction motor, we conclude that
Soft starter is better as compared to other two starters and it limits high starting current
and voltage, efficiently than the other once

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OUR PROCESS

STARTING SPEED
INTRODUCTI CONCLUSI
METHODS CONTROL
ON ON
Introduced Discussed various
METHODS
Analysing the
about starting methods and Matlab Code for complete code
Induction their Simulation Torque Speed and simulation
Motor, Characteristics
Construction
and Working
Principle

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 REFERENCES
DP Kothari, IJ Nagrath – Electric Machines
Wikipedia – Induction Motor
Mathwork – For MATLAB Documentation
S.Ayasun, C.O. Nwankpa, “Induction motor tests using
MATLAB/Simulink and their integration into
undergraduate electric machinery courses,” IEEE
Transactions on Education, vol. 48, 8285323, 2005

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