Syphon Aqueduct on GDC at RD 148.

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Water Logging in IGMN Stage I
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Salient Features

The salient feature of the Drain and Canal are as follows:

Drain Parameters:
Design Flood Discharge of Drain 0.000 m3/s
High Flood Level #REF! m
General Ground Level 174.000 m
Proposed Bed Level of Drain 170.760 m
Existing Bed width 3.000 m

Canal Parameters:
Design Discharge of Canal 566.350 m3/s
Bed Width of Canal 118.875 m
Full Supply Depth 3.475 m
Canal Bed level 182.000 m
Side Slope of Canal 3 :1
Free Board 0.60 m

The Designed feature of the Drainage Syphon are as follows:

Drainage Waterway
Number of Barrels 1 No.
Width of each Drainage barrel 2.000 m
Height of each Drainage barrel 2.000 m
Thickness of barrel walls 0.500 m
Thickness of barrel roof 0.500 m
Thickness of barrel floor 0.500 m
Length of Contraction Transition 9.000 m
Length of Expansion Transition 9.000 m
Total Length of Barrel 2.000 m
Invert level of Barrel 170.760 m

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Name of Project: Structural Design of RCC Barrel For Outlet from Borawas Tank

DESIGN DATA :

1 Unit Weight of Dry Earth 18.00 kN/m3

2 Unit Weight of Saturated Earth 20.00 kN/m3

3 Unit Weight of Submerged Earth 10.00 kN/m3

4 Unit Weight of Concrete @ 1% Steel 25.00 kN/m3

5 Angle of Internal Friction of Soil ( f ) 30.00 Degree

6 Grade of Steel (High Yield Strength Deformed Bars) FE 500 n/mm2

7 Grade of Concrete M 25 n/mm2

8 Number of Barrels 1 Nos.

9 Width of Each Barrel 1.00 m

10 Height of Each Barrel 1.00 m

11 Thickness of Barrel Walls Outer wall Thickness_of_wall 0.50 m

12 Thickness of Barrel Roof Thickness_roof 0.45 m

Thickness_floor 0.45 m

13 Top Bank Level 35.86 m

14 Tank FTL 33.99 m

15 Invert Level of Barrel 30.98 m

15 Level at Top of Barrel 32.43 m

16 Uplift at Bottom of Barrel 34.60 kn/m2 For floor design

17 Live Load Surcharge as per IRC-6 25.00 kn/m2

TBL 35.86 m
Water level 33.99 m

Earth Fill
3.430 m
A 32.43 m B

0.45

1.0 1.9 m

0.00 #REF!

0.45
D 0.5 1.00 C
0.50

Structural Design of Drainage Syphon

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(2) Design considerations

(i) Bottom slab : : This design is for uplift pressure and reaction from soil resulting from
the loading on the foundations and live load pressure as per IRC-6. Theoretically, the soil reaction is not
uniform but for simplification it is assumed uniform.
(ii) Side walls : Side walls would be tested in the critical condition when tank is at FTL and barrels are empty.
(iv) Top slab : The loads considered for design of top slab are:
(a) Earth load;
(b) Weight of water below saturation line.
(c) Live load of 25 kN/m2 as per IRC-6

(3) Design

As the barrels are rigidly joined, they are designed as a continuous structure. Hardy Cross
method of moment distribution shall be used for design.

The effective length of horizontal member = 1.50 m

The effective length of vertical member = 1.90 m

Distribution factors

Member Moment of Inertia Length, L Effective Stiffness Distribution factors at

(I) m4 m I/L At Joint A AB 0.48009
AB 0.0075938 1.50 0.005063 x 1.00 AD 0.51991
AD 0.0104167 1.90 0.005482 x 1.00 At Joint B BA 0.48009
DA 0.0104167 1.90 0.005482 X 1.00 BC 0.51991
DC 0.0075938 1.50 0.005063 x 1.00
BC 0.0104167 1.90 0.005482 X 1.00 At joint D DA 0.520
DC 0.480
At joint C CD 0.480
CB 0.520
(A) Dead and Live loads
Pressure on top of barrel (i) due to earth) = Average UDL load = 68.600
(ii) due to live load = 25.00
Wt. Of top slab = 0.45 X 25.00 = 11.25
Total pressure on top slab = 104.85
Say = 105.00
Weight of side walls + weight of bottom slab = 31.67
Total load on foundation = 136.67
Say = 137.00
=
(B) The pressure on side walls shall comprise of the following :
(a) Saturated earth pressure above saturation line from R.L. 35.86 to 33.99
(b) Dry earth pressure from R.L. 33.99 to 30.53
(c) Water pressure from R.L. 33.99 to 30.53
(d) Earth pressure due to live load surcharge
Corresponding to f = 30 degree , Ka = (1- sinφ) / (1+ sinφ) = 1/3
The pressure at A = due to saturated earth + due to dry earth + due to water + due to Live load surcharge
= Ka x ws x 1.87 + Ka x wd x 1.56
+ Pwater + Ka . x Live Load
= 1/3 x 20.00 x 1.87 + 1/3 x 18.00 x
+ 1 x 10.00 x 1.56 + 1/3 x 25.000
= 45.78 kN/m2

Pressure at D = 45.78 + Ka x wd x 1.9 + Pwater

= 45.78 + 1/3 X 18.00 x 1.90 + 10 x
= 76.18 kN/m2

Loads acting on different members are shown below :

105.00 kN/m

A B
1.45

1.50

D C
0.00

Structural Design of Drainage Syphon

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137.00
(C) Fixed End Moments

On span AB wl2 105.00 X 1.50 2

(i) = =
12 12
= 19.69

On span DC wl2 137.00 X 1.50 2

(ii) = =
12 12
= 25.69

(iii) On span AD, fixed end moments in the wall at end

(a) Due to rectangular portion wl2 45.78 X 1.45 2

= =
12 12
= 8.021
(b) Due to triangular portion

30.40 X 1.45 2
MAD = = 2.131
30

30.40 X 1.45 2
MDA = = 3.196
20

Total fixed end moments at A = 8.021 + 2.131 = 10.151

Total fixed end moments at D = 8.021 + 3.196 = 11.217

(v) Net moments at centre and end

Span AB
105.00 X 1.50 105.00 X 0.250
Sagging moments at face = --------------------------------------------------------- X 0.250 - ------------------------------------------
2 2
16.406

0.25
Fixing moments at face = 14.505 + ( -14.505 + 14.505 ) = 14.5055
1.50

Net fixing moments at face = 14.5055 - 16.406 = -1.901

Sagging moments at centre 105.00 x 1.50 2

= = 29.5313
8

Fixing moments at centre 14.51 + 14.51

= = 14.5055
2

Net sagging moments at centre = 29.531 - 14.505 = 15.026

Span CD
137.00 X 1.50 137.00 X 0.25
Sagging moments at face = -------------------------------------------------- X 0.25 - ----------------------------
2 2
= 21.406

Fixing moments at face = 0.25

19.344 + ( -19.344 + 19.34 ) = 19.344
1.50

Net fixing moments at face = 19.344 - 21.406 = -2.062

Sagging moments at centre 137.00 X 1.50 2

= = 38.531
8

Fixing moments at centre = 19.34 + 19.34

= 19.344
2

Net sagging moments at centre = 38.531 - 19.344 = 19.187

Span DA

Sagging moment at face

(a) Due to rectangular portion

Structural Design of Drainage Syphon

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45.78 X 1.45 45.78 X 0.225 2

= X 0.225 - = 6.309
2 2

Structural Design of Drainage Syphon

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(a) Due to triangular portion

30.40 X 1.45 2
= X X 0.225
2 3 = 3.306

Total sagging moments at face = 6.309 + 3.306 = 9.61

0.23
Fixing moments at face due to FEM = -14.51 + ( 14.51 - 19.34 ) = -15.256
1.45

Net fixing moments at face = -15.256 + 9.61 = -5.64

Sagging moments at centre

45.78 X 1.45 2
(a) Due to rectangular portion = = 12.03
8

30.40 X 1.45 1
(b) Due to triangular portion = X 1.45 X = 4.09
2 7.81

Total sagging moments at centre = 12.03 + 4.09 = 16.12

14.51 - 19.344
Fixing moments at centre = = -2.42
2

Net sagging moments at centre = 16.12 - 2.42 = 13.70

The net moments at end and centre of the different spans are tabulated below :

MOMENTS
Span

Structural Design of Drainage Syphon

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Span
At end At centre
AB 1.90 kn-m (sagging) 15.03 kn-m (sagging)
AD -5.64 kn-m (hogging) 13.70 kn-m sagging
DA
DC
CD 2.06 kn-m (sagging 19.19 kn-m (sagging)
CB

(vi) Thickness of members

The maximum moment in the barrels is 19.19 kN.m in member CD & -5.64 kN.m in Member AD
Maximum Design Moment for selection of thickness of top and bottom members- 19.19 kN.m
Factored moment 28.79 Kn-m
Mu = .133fckbd2
d 93.04 mm
D 151.04 mm
Adopted D 450.00 mm
d 392.00 mm
Maximum Design Moment for selection of thickness of side members- 13.70 kN.m

Factored moment 20.56 Kn-m

Mu = .133fckbd2
d 78.63 mm
D 136.63 mm
Adopted D 500.00 mm
d 442.00 mm
(vii) Steel Reinforcement
(a) Bottom Member CD
Mu 28.79 Kn-m
Area of steel =.5fck.b.d/fy(1-(1-4.6Mu/fckbd^2)^.5
.5fck.b.d/fy 9800.0
4.6Mu/fckbd^2 0.034
(1-4.6Mu/fckbd^2)^.5 0.983
1-(1-4.6Mu/fckbd^2)^.5 0.017
Area of steel =.5fck.b.d/fy(1-(1-4.6Mu/f 170.4 mm2
Mini.Steel as per .12*b*D/100 600.0 mm2
Spacing of 16 mm dia bar 334.9 mm
Provide 16 mm mm ф bars 200.0 mm c/c in the center
Area of steel Provided=. 1004.8 mm2
% area of steel provided 0.2
Provide 50% of center reinforcement at end support
Calculation of Distribution steel
Mini.Steel as per .12*b*D/100 540 mm2
Dia of bar 12 mm
Area of 1 bar 113.04
Spacing of bar 209.333333
Provide 12 mm dia.@ 100 mm c/c
Provided steel 1130.4 mm2

(b) Top Member AB

Mu 22.54 Kn-m
Area of steel =.5fck.b.d/fy(1-(1-4.6Mu/fckbd^2)^.5
.5fck.b.d/fy 9800.000
4.6Mu/fckbd^2 0.027
(1-4.6Mu/fckbd^2)^.5 0.986
1-(1-4.6Mu/fckbd^2)^.5 0.014
Area of steel =.5fck.b.d/fy(1-(1-4.6Mu/f 133.1 mm2
Mini.Steel as per .12*b*D/100 540.0 mm2
Spacing of 16 mm dia bar 372.1 mm
Provide 16 mm mm ф bars 200.0 mm c/c at center
Provide 50% of center reinforcement at end support
Area of steel Provided=. 1004.8 mm2
% area of steel provided 0.22
Calculation of Distribution steel
Mini.Steel as per .12*b*D/100 540 mm2
Dia of bar 12 mm
Area of 1 bar 113.04
Spacing of bar 209.333333
Provide 12 mm dia.@ 100 mm c/c
Provided steel 1130.4 mm2

Structural Design of Drainage Syphon

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Structural Design of Drainage Syphon

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kN/m
kN/m
kn/m
kn/m
kn/m
kn/m
kn/m
kn/m

1.56

1.9

Structural Design of Drainage Syphon

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kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

--------------------------

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

Structural Design of Drainage Syphon

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kN-m

Structural Design of Drainage Syphon

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kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

kN-m

Structural Design of Drainage Syphon

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centre
(sagging)

(sagging)

Structural Design of Drainage Syphon

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Moment Distribution Calculations

Joint A B C D

Member AD AB BA BC CD CB DA DC

Cycle DF 0.52 0.48 0.48 0.52 0.48 0.52 0.52 0.48

1 FEM -10.15 19.69 -19.69 10.15 25.69 -11.22 11.22 -25.69

BAL -4.96 -4.58 4.58 4.96 -6.95 -7.52 7.52 6.95

2 CO 3.76 2.29 -2.29 -3.76 3.47 2.48 -2.48 -3.47

BAL -3.15 -2.90 2.90 3.15 -2.86 -3.09 3.09 2.86

3 CO 1.55 1.45 -1.45 -1.55 1.43 1.57 -1.57 -1.43

BAL -1.56 -1.44 1.44 1.56 -1.44 -1.56 1.56 1.44

4 CO 0.78 0.72 -0.72 -0.78 0.72 0.78 -0.78 -0.72

BAL -0.78 -0.72 0.72 0.78 -0.72 -0.78 0.78 0.72

5 CO 0.39 0.36 -0.36 -0.39 0.36 0.39 -0.39 -0.36

BAL -0.39 -0.36 0.36 0.39 -0.36 -0.39 0.39 0.36

Total M -14.51 14.51 Bottom 19.34 -19.34

-14.51 14.51 Top 19.34 -19.34
Table-23 IS-456-2000 permissible shear stress in concrete 0.60
steel % M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 f(x) = 0.0173272335438 x³ − 0.126
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.50
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37
0.40
1.00 0.37 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.42
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.30
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.20
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60
3.00 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.60 0.62 0.10

0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50
0173272335438 x³ − 0.1262920301834 x² + 0.3662370402895 x + 0.1453591413096

Column F
Polynomial
(Column F)
Polynomial
(Column F)

0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50

 Syphon Aqueduct on GDC at RD 148.00
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NAME OF PROJECT : Hydraulic Design

Refer IS 7784 Part I: 1993 & IS 7784 Part2/5: 2004 Reaffirmed 2004
HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS OF DRAIN

1 Catchment Area of drain sq.M A = 0.00 Sq. km.

2 Dicken's Constant for FPS system C = 400.00

3 Design Flood Discharge of Drain , 30 cusec QD = 0.85 Cumec

4 High Flood Level HFL = 174.50 m

5 General Ground Level GGL = 174.00 m

6 Bed Level of Drain 170.762 Keep bed level at El. 170.76 DBL = 170.76 m

7 Width of the Drain WW = 3.00 m

8 High Flood Depth HFD = 3.74 m

9 Silt Factor f = 1.00

HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS OF GDC

1 Design Discharge 30 cusec QC = 566.35 cumec

2 Bed Width BW = 118.88 m

3 Full Supply Depth FSD = 3.48 m

4 Channel Bed Level CBL = 182.00 m

5 Side slope SS = 3 :1

6 Full Supply Level FSL = 185.48 m

7 Free Board FB = 1.20 m

8 Bank width = 7.62 m

9 Bank Level = 186.68 m

10 Outer Slope of Bank = 2 :1

11 Level of Pushta = 182.00 m

12 Width of Pushta = 3.05 m

13 Width of daula including slopes = 3.05 m

14 Outer Side slope of Canal = 3 :1

15 Thickness of lining below channel bed proposed Th_lining = 0.10 m

SOIL PROPERTIES

16 Bearing Capacity

Net Bearing Capacity 3.00 m below foundation 60.00 Kn/m2

Surchage = Wt. of Soil over foundation

Depth 15.92 m

Gross Bearing Capacity 314.64 Kn/m2

Hyd. Design of Drainage Syphon

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a) Drainage Waterway

Provide, 1 Barrels of 2.00 m x 2.00 m size

Number of Darinage Barrels Number_barrels = 1 No.

Width of Drainage barrel Width_barrel = 2.00 m

Height of each Drainage barrel Height_Barrel = 2.00 m

Thickness of barrel wall Outer wall Thickness_owall = 0.50 m

Thickness of barrel roof and floor incentral portion Thickness_roof = 0.50 m

Thickness_floor = 0.50 m

Total waterway provided = 2.00 m

Distance between channel bed and drainage bed = 11.24 m Heavy Filling

Proposed Invert level of Barrel = 170.760 m

Depth of Flow through barrel = 2.00 m

Area of Flow available through barrels Area_flow = 4.00 m2

Velocity through the barrels Velocity_barrels = 0.21 m/s

< 4.00 m/s (Table 2 (ii) Part I )
It should be checked that the flow is subcritical in the barrel, .i.e., Froude number "F" should be < 1

Now F = V/√gd F = 0.048

Since the value of F is less than 1, the flow will be subcritical in the barrel

b) Length of Barrel

The same section with both side banks is continued over Syphon barrel [No fluming]

Bank Lvl 186.68

185.48
174.51 182.00 3:1 2:1
182.00 174.50 HFL d/s
11.24 118.88 61.56 3:1 NSL 174.00

170.76 2.00 Flow 170.76 170.76 170.46

6
Length of Barrel = 242.00 4.70
Transition Pitching

Section of Barrel (not to scale) Thickness of Pitching = 1.05 m

Depth of cutoff = 1.70 m

c) Head loss and bed levels at different sections

Transitions:

Width of Drain in the flumed barrel portion = 2 m

Keep Drain width at bed u/s & d/s of barrel Bed width = 3.00 + Side slo = 1.50 : 1
Depth = 3.24 =
Display of Wings = 4.86 m
Transition length 3 :1 = 8.58 m
Say 9.00 m
At entry, drain wing wall section shall be warped from 1.5:1 to vertical and at exit vertical to 1:5 section.

Hyd. Design of Drainage Syphon

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Analysing losses through one barrel

1 4
Transition
2 3

CC CC
Drain Blocks 2 Blocks
2.0
R.C.C. barrel

9.00 6.00
9.00 242.00
2
3
1 4
At section 4-4
Drain section with 1.5:1 side slopes D = 3.74 m
Area of cross section at D/S exit, (BW+D).D Area_4-4 = 28.46 m2
Velocity = Q/A Velocity_4-4 = 0.030 m/sec
Velocity head = V2/2g Velocity_head_4-4 = 0.0000 m
R.L. of bed = 170.76 m R.L. of water surface (HFL) = 174.50 m
R.L. of T.E.L. = 174.50 + 0.0000 TEL_4-4 = 174.50 m

At section 3-3

Water Depth_3-3 = 3.74 m

Area of section = 2.00 X 2.00 Area_3-3 = 4.00 m2
Velocity = Q/A Velocity_3-3 = 0.21 m/s
Velocity head = V2/2g Velocity_head_3-3 = 0.002 m
Head loss between section 3-3 to section 4-4 = 0.4 (V22 - V12) /2g = 0.001 m
( Straight warped transitions as per USBR are proposed) Transition losses with fillets as per Page 7 of IS 7784 (PartI)
Elevation of T.E.L. at section 3-3 = TEL at 4-4 + head loss TEL_3-3 = 174.50 m
R.L. of water surface (TEL - Velocity head) R.L. of water surface (HFL) = 174.50 m
R.L. of bed reqd. = 174.50 - 3.74 = 170.76 m
R.L. of bed proposed

From section 3 - 3 to section 2 - 2, area and velocity are constant.

Head loss through barrels

Head loss through barrels is given by

= ( 1 + f1 + f2 xL/R )V 2/2g

Where, f1 = 0.505 For entry with no bell mouth

f2 = a(1+b/R)
Where, a = 0.00316 , b = 0.030
L = 242.0 m R = A/P = 0.500 m
Hence, f2 = 0.00335 Therefore loss of head in barrels = 0.007 m

At section 2-2
R.L. of T.E.L. = T.E.L. at section 3-3 + head loss through barrel = 174.51 m
R.L.of water surface = R.L. of T.E.L. - Velocity head at section 3-3 = 174.51 m
R.L. of bed reqd. = 174.51 - 3.74 R.L. of bed_2-2 = 170.77 m
R.L. of bed proposed = Bed level at sec. 3-3 + head loss through barrel = 170.77 m

At section 1-1
Head loss between section 1-1 to section 2-2 = 0.3 (V22 - V12) /2g = 0.000 m
R.L. of T.E.L. = T.E.L. at section 2-2 + head loss in contraction transition = 174.51 m
R.L. of water surface (TEL - Velocity head) R.L. of water surface (HFL) = 174.51 m
R.L. of bed = 174.51 - 3.74 = 170.77 m

d) Transitions
Mitra's or Chaturvedi's transitions are provided for constant depth. Hind's transitions are provided where
depths at entry and exit of transitions are different. For channels, transitions are important so as to minimise
head losses in contraction & expansion transitions. For drains, losses in transitions are not important.
USBR practice is to provide either stream lined warped, stright warped or broken back to rectangular opening.
Therefore, straight warped transitions are proposed for drains.
There is no fluming in channel section. Hence, no transitions are required.

Hyd. Design of Drainage Syphon

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e) Invert level

Bed level of Channel 182.00 m

Provide 0.10 m thick concrete lining in bed of canal
Provide 0.50 m thick & 2.00 m high RCC barrel and provide earth fill in between barrel and channel

The thickness of earth fill shall be 10.74 m

Invert level at the entrance and exit of the barrel shall be the same as the bed levels already
worked out at sections 2-2 and 3-3 respectively.

Thus the invert level at the entry = 170.76 m

The invert level at the exit = 170.76 m

Bed level of drain at entry i.e. at section 1-1 170.77 m

Bed level of drain at exit i.e. at section 4-4 170.76 m

The length of the C.C floor on either end should be adequate to provide safe hydraulic gradient
and its thickness sufficient to counterbalance the total uplift pressure by gravity. The barrel shall
be made of reinforced concrete box.

f) C.C Floor No cc floor is required u/s & d/s of barrels

Length of u/s transitions = 9.00 m

Length of upstream C.C floor provided = 0.00 m

Length of d/s transitions = 9.00 m

Length of downstream C.C floor = 0.00 m

The Barrel floor shall be subjected to static uplift and seepage head; it is maximum when full discharge is
passing through the Channel and there is no flow in the barrel. The seepage head would be
calculated by Bligh's theory.

g) Uplift pressures on the barrel and concrete floor

(i) Static pressure

At bottom of barrel floor

Invert level of the barrel = 170.760 m

The thickness of the barrel floor is = 0.50 m
The bottom level of the barrel floor = 170.260 m
Assuming the sub-soil water level upto the D/S Drain bed level i.e.at R.L. = 170.760 m
Maximum static head = 170.76 - 170.26 = 0.50 m

(ii) Seepage head

The seepage head will be maximum when the Channel is running full and there is no flow in the Drain.

Thus total seepage head = F.S.L. in the Channel - D/S Bed level of Drain
= 185.475 - 170.76 = 14.715 m
At bottom of barrel floor

The residual seepage head at point 'a' in the centre of the barrel has been calculated by Bligh's theory.
The seepage line would follow the path indicated by the line x a b y. Its total length
(neglecting floor depression or thickness) is the sum of the following

(i) Bed level of Channel to foundation level 15.215 m

(ii) Half the barrel span 1 m
(iii) Length of barrel in indicated portion = 61.563 m
(iv) Pucca floor 0.000 m No floor beyond barrel has been provided
Thus total creep length 77.778 m
Length of lining 30.00 m on each side

Hyd. Design of Drainage Syphon

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Earthen bank length

61.563
Barrel floor

1 a

R.C.C.Barrel

Barrel Plan

Residual seepage head point 'a' = ( 1 - 77.78 / 77.78 ) x 14.715

= 0.000 m
Thus total uplift at the bottom of barrel = 0.50 + 14.715 = 15.22 t/m2

Barrel shall be designed for this up lift pressure in addition to soil reaction.

Design for sub surface flow below barrels

(i) Exit gradient consideration
Total seepage head, H = 15.215 m

For lined canal, take H =50% = 7.6075 m Lining done in 15m length on each side

Take safe Exit Gradient, G = H/ d. 1/π.√λ = 1/6

Creep length (min. in u/s and d/s) = 77.778 m + 30.00 (lining)

= 107.78 m
d for hydraulic gradient = 1.70 m

α = b/d = 63.40

λ = 1/2.(α +√ 1 + α2) = 63.40

Hence, G As per Khosla theory = 0.179 i.e 1: 5.59 SAFE

(ii) Scour consideration

Scour depth, R = 1.36.(q2/f)1/3 in drain

q = 0.55 cumec/m Discharge increased by 30.00%

For scour
f = 1.00

R = 0.91 m

Anticipated deepest scour,1.27 R = 1.16 m

Bottom level of scour = 173.338 m

Depth below bed (u/s) = -2.58 m Keep 1.70 m 169.06 m
For safe exit gradient consideration

Hyd. Design of Drainage Syphon

Page 6
 Syphon Aqueduct on GDC at RD 148.00
Water Logging in IGMN Stage I
`

Upstream & Downstream Protections

1.Requirement of inverted filter in upstream and downstream of barrel in a length = 1.5.D = 2.55 m
Provide = 4.70 m
In length equal to transition length
2. Thickness of inverted filter = 0.45 m

3. CC blocks over filter 5

nos of 0.9 x 0.9 x 0.6 m high
With 50 mm gap filled with ballast.
4. Provide boulder pitching in upstream & downstream of filter in a length = 2.D = 3.40 m, Provide 6 m length

5. Provide toe wall at end of filter with depth of 1.05 m and 0.4 m thick

6. For safety of structure against exit gradient, RCC lining with 8 mm dia. Bars @ 300mm c/c is proposed
to be provided in bed and sides extending beyond barrel up to 15m on each side.

Scour in Channel

q = Q/(BW + D) = 4.629 cumec/m

R = 3.76 m
1.5R = 5.64 m
Provide toe wall at the end of lining at = 179.84 m i.e. 2.16 m below bed
(Min)

**********************
Check against Stability & Bearing Capacity
Pressure Below Foundation - Check for Bearing capacity
A. Below Service Road Level

Avg.ground level = 174.00 m

Service Road Level = 186.68 m
Avg. top Level of Barrel below service road = 173.26 m
Average Foundation level below Ground lvl. = 170.26 m
Height of earth above barrels = 13.415 m
Depth of Foundation below GL = 3.74 m
=
Outer dimension of barrel = 3 m
Height = 3.00 m
cross sectional area = 9 m2
=
Inner dimension of barrel Width = 2.00 m
Height = 2.00 m
cross sectional area of one barrel = 4 m2
Cross sectional area of concrete portion = 5 m2
=
Weight of of barrel = 125.000 kN/m length
Width = 3.000 m
Hence wt. Of barrel/m = 41.67 kN/m2 kN/m
Additional load of 50mm wearing coat = 1.20 kN/m2
Total load of barrel = 42.87 kN/m2
Vertical component of this load x cos Ɵ = 42.87 kN/m2 Since Barrel is Horizontal

Height of earth above barrel = 13.415 m

Pressure on top of barrel due to earth
= 19 x 13.415 = 254.885 kN/m2 Avg density of saturated and dry soil considered kN/m
Live load of 70R tracked vehicle = 700 kN
Dispersed width above barrels at 45⁰ (2 x height) = 26.83 m + 3.6 (track width)
= 30.43 m
Width of barrel = 3.00 m
Pressure on top of barrel due to Live load = 7.668 kN/m2 7.66787 kN/m
Total pressure below foundation = 305.420 kN/m2 < 314.64 kN/m2 SAFE

Total pressure top of slab = 262.553 kN/m

Hyd. Design of Drainage Syphon

Page 7
 Syphon Aqueduct on GDC at RD 148.00
Water Logging in IGMN Stage I
`

Presures in the Portion of Channel Bed =

CBL = = 182.00 m
Top Level of Barrel = 173.26 m
Deepest Foundation below canal = 170.26 m
Height of earth above barrel = 8.74 m
Depth of Foundation below GL = 3.74 m
=
Outer dimension of barrel = 3 m
Height = 3.00 m
cross sectional area = 9 m2
=
Inner dimension of barrel Width = 2.00 m
Height = 2.00 m
cross sectional area = 4 m2
Cross sectional area of concrete portion = 5 m2
Weight of barrel = 125.000 kN/m length
Total Weight of barrel = 125.000 kN/m length
Pressure below foundation due to barrel only = 41.67 kN/m2
Additional load of 50mm wearing coat = 0.12 kN/m2
Wt. of lining 0.15 m thick = 0.38 kN/m2
Height of earth above barrels = 8.74 m
Pressure at foundation due to earth above barrel = 16.61 kN/m2
(Taking avg. density of saturated & dry soil = 19 kN/m2)
Load of water on canal = 2.60 kN/m2
Wt. of Barrel in central portion including earth & lining = 61.368
Total pressure below foundation = 61.368 kN/m2
Uplift below foundations = 15.22 kN/m2
Net pressure on foundations = 46.153 kN/m2 < 60.00 kN/m2

Check angainst Uplift on Barrels

Three conditions as per IS code :
1 Carrier channel at full supply level and drain empty
2 The drainage channel at designed flood and carrier channel empty
3 Carrier channel is suddenly closed and drainage empty

1 Carrier channel at full supply level and drain empty

Full hydrostatic pressure = FSL - Deepest foundation levelof Barrel = 14.72 m

= 14.72 kN/m2

Wt. of Barrel in central portion = 61.368 kN/m2

F.O.S = 4.17 Safe

2 The drainage channel at designed flood and carrier channel empty

HFL (Avg. Of u/s & d/s) = 174.50 m
Deepest foundation level of Barrel = 170.26 m
Uplift = 4.24 m
= 4.24 kN/m2
Wt. of Barrel in central portion including earth & lining = 61.368 kN/m2
Wt.of water in the barrel = 3.00 kN/m2
Total wt. Of Barrel = 64.368 kN/m2
F.O.S = 15.166 Safe

3 Carrier channel is suddenly closed and drainage empty

FSL of canal= = 185.48 m

Canal bed level = = 182.00 m
Effective water level CBL + 2/3 of water depth = 184.317 m
Foundation of barrel 170.260 m
Height of hydrostatic pressure = = 14.057 m
Wt. Of Barrel excluding wt. Of water in canal = 58.768 kN/m2
Add wt. Of water in barrel as barrel is below spring lvl. = 3.000 + 58.768 = 61.768 kN/m2
FOS = 4.39 Safe

Hyd. Design of Drainage Syphon

Page 8