BFC10103 Static and Dynamic

BFC10103
STATIC and DYNAMIC

By
DR. NOOR AZLINA ABDUL HAMID
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO STATIC
Content:
1.1 Fundamental concepts
1.2 Units and measurement
1.3 Conversion units
OBJECTIVE OF LEARNING:
At the end of this chapter, the student will be able to:
1. Analyze the principles of equilibrium in static and dynamic structural elements.
2. Respond effectively in a team in completing all activities and assigned project.
3. Explain the application of static and dynamic in real practice.

INTRODUCTION TO STATIC:
How do you define mechanics?
Mechanics is the branch of mathematics and physics concerned

with how the action of force affects the motions of physical
objects. More specific, the relationships among force, matter and
motion. The forces applied to objects result in state of rest or
motion, displacements, direction or position.
• Mechanics can be divided into two principles:
• Deal with forces and bodies in balance or equilibrium

• Bodies may at rest or moving with uniform velocity
• Deal with forces and motion in bodies

• Divided into kinematic and kinetic
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT:
The following basic quantities and idealization are used in mechanics.
Basic Terms Details
Length • Measure of distance from end to end.
• Need to locate the position of a point in
space and describe the size, distance and
geometric of an object.
● Measure the succession of the events.

Time ● Basic quantity in the study of dynamics.
Basic Terms Details
● Positions are decribed by linear and
angular measurement relative to a
coordinate system.
Space ● Two or three-dimensional can be described
by a linear combination of two or three
independent vectors.
● Weight of an object and does not change

Mass with location.
● An action by one body on another such as

push or pull.
Force ● Unbalanced forces tends to move an object
and cause acceleration.
Basic Terms Details
Particle ● A relatively small or the smallest portion
when compared to another.
● Has a mass, but a size that can be
neglected and not involve in analysis.
Rigid Body ● An idealization of a solid body.

● Combination of a large number of particles
in which all the particles remain at fixed
distance from one another both before and
after applying a load.
NEWTON’S THREE LAWS OF MOTION
First Law Second Law Third Law

An object originally at rest or An object acted upon by For every action and reaction
moving in a straight line with unbalanced force (F) experiences between two objects are equal
constant velocity unless acted an accelaration (a) that has the but opposite in direction.
upon by an unbalanced force. same direction as the force and
magnitude that is proportional to
the force.
F = ma
F F
a
F
Equilibrium Accelerated motion Action - reaction

Newton’s law of gravitational attraction
• Gravitational attraction between any two particles is stated mathematically:
𝑚1 𝑚2
𝐹=𝐺 (Eq. 1)
𝑟2
where F = force of gravitation between the two particles
G = universal constant of gravitation; according to experimental evidence,
G = 66.73(10-12)m3/(kg.s2)
m1, m2 = mass of each of the two particles
r = distance between the two particles
Mass vs Weight
➢ Mass is a how much matter ➢ Weight is the force exerted

an object contains. on a mass by gravity.
➢ Constant which does not ➢ Not constant which changes
change with location. from place to place.
From Eq. 1, we can develop the relationship between mass and weight if assume weight W of object
having a mass m1 = m and earth having a mass m2 = Me, then r is the distance between the earth and
object.
𝑚𝑀𝑒
𝑊=𝐺
𝑟2
letting yields
g = 9.807 m/s2
hence, W = mg
By comparing with F = ma, the term g is the acceleration due to gravity. Since it depends on r, the
weight of object is not an absolute quantity which depends from where the measurement was made.
For most engineering calculations, g is determined at sea level and at latitude of 450 which is
considered as “standard location”.
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
Mechanic deal with four fundamental quantities:
Mass Length
Time Force
Exercise 1:
SI Units US Units
1 kg 1 slug
9.81 N 32.2 Ib
1) Determine the weight of concrete cylinder if has a mass of 3 kg.

2) Calculate the mass of concrete cube if has a weight of 64.4 Ib.
Conversion factors
Terms U.S Customary S.I metric unit
Length 1 in. = 25.4 mm
1 ft = 0.3048 m
1 mile = 1609 m
2 2
Area 1 in. = 6.45 cm
2 2
1 ft = 0.093 m
2
1 sq mile = 2.59 km
3 3
Volume 1 in = 16.39 cm
3 3
1 ft = 0.0283 m
Capacity 1 qt = 1.136 I
1 gal = 4.546 I
Mass 1 Ib = 0.454 kg
1 slug = 14.6 kg
Velocity 1 in/sec = 0.0254 m/s

1 ft/min = 0.3048 m/s
I mph = 0.447 m/s = 1.61 km/h
2 2
Acceleration 1 in./sec =0.0254 m/s
2 2
1 ft/sec = 0.3048 m/s
Force 1 Ib = 4.448 N
1 poundal = 0.138 N
2
Pressure 1 Ib/in. = 6.895 kPa
2
1 Ib/ft = 47.88 kPa
Energy 1 ft-Ib = 1.356 J

1 Btu = 1.055 kJ
1 hp-hr = 2.685 MJ
1 watt-hr = 3.6 kJ
Power 1 hp 0.746 kW
Example 1:
Convert,
1000 𝑚 1 𝑐𝑚
a) 0.005 km to cm = 0.005 km x 𝑥 = 500 cm
1 𝑘𝑚 0.01 𝑚
30 𝑘𝑚 1000 𝑚 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚
b) 30 km/min to m/s = 𝑥 𝑥 = 500
𝑚𝑖𝑛 1 𝑘𝑚 60 𝑠 𝑠
10 𝑓𝑡 2 12 𝑖𝑛 12 𝑖𝑛
c) 10 ft2 to in2 = 𝑥 𝑥 = 1440 𝑖𝑛2
𝑖𝑛2 1 𝑓𝑡 1 𝑓𝑡
d) (200 mm)(0.5 MN) = 200 10−3 𝑚 0.5 106 𝑁 = 100 109 mN = 100 GmN
MATHEMATIC REQUIRED
Algebraic equations with one unknown
Trigonometry functions of a right – angle triangle
Simultaneous equations with two unknowns

Sine law and cosine law as applied to non-
right angle triangles
Quadratic equations
Geometry
`
EXERCISE 2:
• Algebraic equations with one unknown
1) 3x – 10 = 11 3) x + (3x-2) = 18
x=? x=?
2) 3x + 4x – 2 = 61 4) 16 – 2x = 5x + 9
x=? x=?
• Simultaneous equation
1) 3x + 2y = 12 2) 2x + 3y = 35
5x + 3y = 19 y=x+5
x = ?, y = ? x = ?, y = ?
• Quadratic Equation and Formula
Solve,
1) 2x2 + 5x -3 = 0
−𝑥 2 −1 1
2) =
−2𝑥 −6 5
3) 3x2 – 11x + 4 = 2x2 – 5x

• Trigonometry functions of a right–angle triangle
𝑂
sin 𝜃 =
𝐻
Hypotenuse (H) 𝐴
cos  = 𝐻
Opposite (O)
900 𝑂
Angle () tan 𝜃 =
𝐴
Adjacent (A)
• Right – angle triangle where  = 90o
C C2 = A 2 + B 2
B
900
A
• Sine law and cosine law as applied to non-right angle triangle
C2 = A2 + B2 – 2ABcos 
GEOMETRY
Opposite angles are EQUAL to each other
a=a
b=b
Angles on a straight line total 180O
a + b = 180o b
a
Angles total 90O
a + b = 90o
b
a
Straight line intersection two parallel
lines produces equal angles:
1=5
2=6
3=7
4=8
or
1 =2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = 6 = 7 = 8
Sum of interior angles equals to 180o
a + b = c = 180o b
a c
Similar triangles with the same shape B

D
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
= =
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 𝐷𝐸
A
E C
Circle Equations
Circumference = 𝞹𝑫 or 2𝞹r
𝝅𝑫𝟐
Area = or 𝞹𝒓𝟐
𝟒
THE END

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BFC10103

STATIC and DYNAMIC

At the end of this chapter, the student will be able to:

1. Analyze the principles of equilibrium in static and dynamic structural elements.

2. Respond effectively in a team in completing all activities and assigned project.

3. Explain the application of static and dynamic in real practice.

How do you define mechanics?

Mechanics is the branch of mathematics and physics concerned

• Deal with forces and bodies in balance or equilibrium

• Deal with forces and motion in bodies

● Measure the succession of the events.

● Weight of an object and does not change

● An action by one body on another such as

Rigid Body ● An idealization of a solid body.

First Law Second Law Third Law

Equilibrium Accelerated motion Action - reaction

➢ Mass is a how much matter ➢ Weight is the force exerted

1) Determine the weight of concrete cylinder if has a mass of 3 kg.

Velocity 1 in/sec = 0.0254 m/s

Energy 1 ft-Ib = 1.356 J

Algebraic equations with one unknown

Trigonometry functions of a right – angle triangle

Simultaneous equations with two unknowns

3) 3x2 – 11x + 4 = 2x2 – 5x

• Right – angle triangle where  = 90o

Angles on a straight line total 180O

Angles total 90O

Sum of interior angles equals to 180o

Similar triangles with the same shape B

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