PLANNING 2 REVIEWER Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND) Street Types

(Chapter V &VI) 1. Neighborhood Streets

- Provide two-way vehicular movement.
- On either side of the street is a planting verge and a sidewalk.
CHAPTER V - There are no median separating travel lanes.
- 30- and 60-feet right-of-way
Framework of Community
2. Alleys
- Are narrow, one- or two-way service corridors.
I. OVERVIEW
- Providing access to the rear of residential lots.
Circulation Systems - Used to store and pick up garbage cans, run utilities and park vehicles.
- Are the bones around which the organism of community grows. - Has no sidewalks
- Right of way width may vary as much as 30 feet.
Roads/Pathways
- As necessary evils or as conduits for the lifeblood of the community. 3. Drives
- Are roads that separate a developed area from a non-developed area.
Superior Circulation Design - Right of way width depends on the number of travel lanes.
- Creates the mental pattern or image of a community.
4. Roads
Levittown - Serve as access to a residential neighborhood.
- A successful use of a Planned Unit Development (PUD) in New York.
5. Avenues
Vehicular circulation - Are the equivalent of CSD collector streets.
- Consumes an estimated 30 percent of our developed areas. - They may have more than one travel lane in each direction.
- The most expensive feature of community development. - Have a tree-planted median separating opposing traffic.
- Have a terminating vista at the center of a neighborhood
II. BASIC PATTERNS
6. Boulevards
Grid System - Are the equivalent of CSD arterial streets.
- Designed to disperse traffic as uniformly. - Are large, multiple-lane roadways.
- Begun in the militia towns of the Greeks and Romans. - Has a wide median in the center separating opposing travel lanes.
- Maligned due to rigidity, monotony, indifference to topography - Has no on street parking but has a sidewalk separated by verge of trees.
- Gridlock causes congestion and inaccessibility.
- Repeating pattern can be very expensive and land-consuming. IV. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Radial System
Friction
- A series of streets emanating from a central point.
- Anything that restricts the flow of traffic by requiring vehicles to stop
- Originate from old farm-to-market roads
and start.
- Modified grid system resembling a polar projection map.
- Can aid in minimizing the occurrence of sprawling. Superblocks
- Larger areas surrounded by streets but allowing no through traffic.
Hierarchical System
- Also known as the branching system. Visual Grain
- Tends to isolate certain areas from the community. - Texture of the surroundings.
- Rely heavily on cul-de-sac streets
Street Design
- Cul-de-sac lots tend to be more expensive
- Should not create double- and triple fronting lots.
- Wayfinding for visitors and residents alike can be exasperating.
- Function best within small-scale residential environments. Double-fronting Lots
- Keeping through traffic to a minimum help reduce noise and conflicts. - Are those that front on a local neighborhood street but have their rear
lot line as the right-of-way of a major collector street.
Looping System
- Typified by a primary entrance road leading to central organizing Triple-fronting Lots
roadway from which the residential streets stem. - Have the same characteristics as the double-fronting ones plus
- Strong organizing framework. additional frontage on an entrance road into the neighborhood.
- Can be effective when utilized in standard Euclidean zoning.
- Has single-entry feature. V. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Distributes local traffic somewhat better than Hierarchical.
- Strong sense of place can be achieved when combined with Hierarchical. Streets
- Adapted to successfully create linear office parks - Usually crowned in the center for positive drainage.
- Are laid out using a system of horizontal and vertical curves.
III. STREET CLASSIFICATION Curbing
- Usually 6 inches high, although a 4-inch rolled curb is sometimes used.
Conventional Suburban Development (CSD) Street Types
Pavement
1. Minor Streets - 24 to 30 feet from curb to curb is common for a 50-foot right-of-way.
- Are courts, cul-de-sacs, or short loop roads. - 50-foot right-of-way allows parking on one side of the street.
- Typically have a 40- to 50-foot right-of-way width. - 60-foot right-of-way allows parking on both sides of the street.
- Contains 2 travel lanes
Broken-Back Curves/Reverse Curves
2. Collector Streets - Designed with at least a 100-foot tangent or straightaway between them
- 3 to 4-lane roads that connect residential areas to arterial streets. to allow recovery time
- Have a 60- to 100-foot right-of-way.
Intersections
3. Arterial Streets - Should intersect at right angles and at least 125 feet apart.
- Designed for the movement of high volumes of traffic. - Less than 30 degrees of deflection is unsafe.
- Consist of 4 or more lanes that has a median.
Close
- Have right-of-way widths of 100 feet or greater.
- Similar to a cul-de-sac but has a wide, planted median in the center.
- No dwellings front directly onto arterial streets.
Trumpet Intersections Single family Semi Detached
- Are an at-grade solution, allowing some traffic to continue to move even - Also known as cluster homes, zero-lot-line, duplex, or triplex.
when through traffic is stopped by traffic signals. - An attempt to provide affordable single-family housing.
- Accomplished by eliminating one of the side yards.
Rotaries
- Typically, 35 to 50 feet wide.
- Like trumpets, are good pacemakers.
- Sold speculatively, the buyer has a limited number of options.
- Allow single-way movement around a center island.
- do not require signalization at lower traffic counts. Townhouses
- Evolved as high-density housing in cities.
VI. PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION - Originally serving as a transitional element between the
commercial/industrial districts and single-family areas.
1. Street - They function primarily as a means of enhancing density while providing
2. On-street Parking more-affordable housing.
3. Tree-planting verge
Apartments
4. Sidewalk
- Designed to serve the needs of singles, young couples, and transients
5. Building
by providing starter living quarters at an affordable price.
6. Parking Lot
Internalized Parking
VII. PARKING - This method is used more often when proximity of parking spaces to the
front door is an important feature.
Parking Lots Externalized Parking
- The major contributor to visual chaos. - More parking is provided by orienting the parking to the exterior of the
One-way systems site, thus making this method ideal for higher density
- Should be avoided to maximize space utilization. Stub Parking
Orientation - Utilizes limited parking areas situated between individual buildings and
- Parking should be oriented toward the buildings. accessed by an internal street or private road.
- It should be a flow-through. Eyebrow Parking
Angular Parking Systems - These parking areas retain two access points to a collector street and
- Are inefficient. provide an opportunity for a significant green space between the
parking and the street.
VIII. STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Sequestered Parking
- Establishes different systems for both the immediate resident parking
Dry Pond and the through traffic
- Captures a large quantity of stormwater and slowly releases it until it is
completely dissipated.
- Can be rather unsightly, as they collect debris and litter.

Wet Pond
- Holds water at consistent volume, allowing only the excess to escape
through an overflow pipe or a spillway.
- Costing a little more to construct
- Have more potential as an amenity and as a wildlife habitat.

CHAPTER VI
Where Would You Rather Live

I. OVERVIEW
Neighborhood
- Is the fundamental building block of community.
- A place of distinguishing characteristics where neighbors live.

Housing
- Is the most prevalent form of structure in the community.

Different Types if Housing

1. Single Family Detached
2. Single Family Semi-Detached
3. Townhouse
4. Apartments

Single family Detached

- Perceived by many as the ideal housing type.
- Freestanding structures with yard space on all four sides.
- Expensive and land consuming.
- Usually range in size from 3500 square feet.
- 10 to 50 feet front yard setback.
- At least 5 feet side setback.
- 10 feet or more rear yard setback.