Niue

Niue (/ˈnjuːeɪ/,[12] /niːˈjuːeɪ/; Niuean: Niuē) is

an island country in the South Pacific
Ocean, 2,400 kilometres (1,500 mi)
northeast of New Zealand. Niue's land
area is about 261 square kilometres
(101 sq mi)[5] and its population,
predominantly Polynesian, was about
1,600 in 2016. Niue is located in a triangle
between Tonga, Samoa, and the Cook
Islands. It is 604 kilometres northeast of
Tonga. The island is commonly referred to
as "The Rock", which comes from the
traditional name "Rock of Polynesia".[13]
Niue is one of the world's largest coral
islands. The terrain of the island has two
noticeable levels. The higher level is made
up of a limestone cliff running along the
coast, with a plateau in the centre of the
island reaching approximately 60 metres
(200 feet) above sea level. The lower level
is a coastal terrace approximately 0.5 km
(0.3 miles) wide and about 25–27 metres
(80–90 feet) high, which slopes down and
meets the sea in small cliffs. A coral reef
surrounds the island, with the only major
break in the reef being in the central
western coast, close to the capital, Alofi.
 Niue
Niuē (Niuean)

Flag
Seal

Motto: Atua, Niue Tukulagi

(God, Niue Eternally)

Anthem: Ko e Iki he Lagi  (Niuean)

The Lord in Heaven
0:36
 The location of Niue in the West Pacific
Capital Alofi
and largest village 19°03′14″S
169°55′12″W (http
s://geohack.toolforg
e.org/geohack.php?
pagename=Niue&pa
rams=19_03_14_S_1
69_55_12_W_type:cit
y_region:NU)

Official languages English
Niuean
Ethnic groups 66.5% Niuean
13.4% Part-Niuean
20.1% Other

Religion 96.4% Christianity

3.3% None
 0.3% Others[1]

Demonym(s) Niuean

Government Unitary non-partisan

parliamentary
constitutional
monarchy
• Monarch Charles III
• Representative of Dame Cindy Kiro
the King[a]
• Premier Dalton Tagelagi
Legislature Niue Assembly

Associated state of New Zealand

• Self-government in 19 October 1974
free association
with New Zealand
• Independence in 1994
foreign relations
recognised by the
UN[3][4]
 Area
• Total 261.46[5] km2
(100.95 sq mi)
• Water (%) negligible

Population
• 2021 estimate 1,937[6][7] (not
ranked)
• 2017 census 1,784[8]
• Density 6.71/km2
(17.4/sq mi) (not
ranked)

GDP (PPP) 2003 estimate

• Total $10.0 million[9]
(228th)
• Per capita $5,800[10] (164th)

GDP (nominal) 2018 estimate

• Total NZ$43.536 million
(US$30,510,028)[11]
 Currency New Zealand
dollar[a] (NZD)

Time zone UTC−11

Driving side left

Calling code +683

ISO 3166 code NU

Internet TLD .nu

a. ^ The Niue dollar, pegged with the

New Zealand dollar at par, is also
official legal tender, although is
mainly used for issuing collector's
coins and does not circulate widely.

Niue is a self-governing state in free

association with New Zealand, and New
Zealand conducts most diplomatic
relations on its behalf. As part of the
Realm of New Zealand, Niueans are
citizens of New Zealand and Charles III is
Niue's head of state in his capacity as King
of New Zealand. Between 90% and 95% of
Niuean people live in New Zealand,[14]
along with about 70% of the speakers of
the Niuean language.[15] Niue is a bilingual
country, with 30% of the population
speaking both Niuean and English. The
percentage of monolingual English-
speaking people is only 11%, while 46% are
monolingual Niuean speakers.

Niue is not a member of the United

Nations (UN), but UN organisations have
accepted its status as a freely associated
state as equivalent to independence for
the purposes of international law.[16] As
such, Niue is a member of some UN
specialised agencies (such as UNESCO[17]
and the WHO),[18] and is invited, alongside
the other non-UN member state, the Cook
Islands, to attend United Nations
conferences open to "all states".[19] Niue
has been a member of the Pacific
Community since 1980.

Niue is subdivided into 14 villages

(municipalities). Each village has a council
that elects its chairperson. The villages are
at the same time electoral districts; each
village sends an assemblyperson to the
Niue Assembly (parliament).[20] A small
and democratic nation, Niueans hold
legislative elections every three years.

History
Polynesians from Samoa settled Niue
around 900 AD. Further settlers arrived
from Tonga in the 16th century.[21]

Until the beginning of the 18th century,

Niue appears to have had no national
government or national leader; chiefs and
heads of families exercised authority over
segments of the population. A succession
of patu-iki (kings) ruled, beginning with
Puni-mata. Tui-toga, who reigned from
1875 to 1887, was the first Christian
king.[22]

A 1932 stamp of Niue inscribed "Cook Islands Niue".

The first Europeans to sight Niue sailed

under Captain James Cook in 1774. Cook
made three attempts to land, but the
inhabitants refused to grant permission to
do so. He named the island "Savage
Island" because, as legend has it, the
natives who "greeted" him were painted in
what appeared to be blood. The substance
on their teeth was hulahula, a native red
fe'i banana.[23] For the next couple of
centuries, Niue was known as Savage
Island until its original name, "Niue", which
translates as "behold the coconut",[24]
regained use.

Whaling vessels were some of the most

regular visitors to the island in the
nineteenth century. The first on record was
the Fanny in February 1824. The last
known whaler to visit was the Albatross in
November 1899.[25]
The next notable European visitors
represented the London Missionary
Society; they arrived on the Messenger of
Peace. After many years of trying to land a
European missionary, they abducted a
Niuean named Nukai Peniamina and
trained him as a pastor at the Malua
Theological College in Samoa.[26]
Peniamina returned in 1846 on the John
Williams as a missionary with the help of
Toimata Fakafitifonua. He was finally
allowed to land in Uluvehi Mutalau after a
number of attempts in other villages had
failed. The chiefs of Mutalau village
allowed him to land and assigned over 60
warriors to protect him day and night at
the fort in Fupiu.

Prime Minister of New Zealand Richard Seddon and the King of Niue, circa 1900

In July 1849 Captain John Erskine visited

the island in HMS Havannah.[27]

Christianity was first taught to the Mutalau

people before it spread to all the villages.
Originally other major villages opposed the
introduction of Christianity and had sought
to kill Peniamina. The people from the
village of Hakupu, although the last village
to receive Christianity, came and asked for
a "word of God"; hence, their village was
renamed "Ha Kupu Atua" meaning "any
word of God", or "Hakupu" for short.

In 1889 the chiefs and rulers of Niue, in a

letter to Queen Victoria, asked her "to
stretch out towards us your mighty hand,
that Niue may hide herself in it and be
safe".[28] After expressing anxiety lest
some other nation should take possession
of the island, the letter continued: "We
leave it with you to do as seems best to
you. If you send the flag of Britain that is
well; or if you send a Commissioner to
reside among us, that will be well".[28] The
British did not initially take up the offer. In
1900 a petition by the Cook Islanders
asking for annexation included Niue "if
possible".[28] In a document dated 19
October 1900, the "King" and Chiefs of
Niue consented to "Queen Victoria taking
possession of this island". A despatch to
the Secretary of State for the Colonies
from the Governor of New Zealand
referred to the views expressed by the
Chiefs in favour of "annexation" and to this
document as "the deed of cession". A
British Protectorate was declared, but it
remained short-lived. Niue was brought
within the boundaries of New Zealand on
11 June 1901 by the same Order and
Proclamation as the Cook Islands. The
Order limited the islands to which it related
by reference to an area in the Pacific
described by co-ordinates, and Niue, at
19.02 S., 169.55 W, lies within that area.[28]

The New Zealand Parliament restored self-

government in Niue with the 1974
constitution, following a referendum in
1974 in which Niueans had three options:
independence, self-government or
continuation as a New Zealand territory.
The majority selected self-government,
and Niue's written constitution[29] was
promulgated as supreme law. Robert Rex,
ethnically part European, part native, was
elected by the Niue Assembly as the first
premier, a position he held until his death
18 years later. Rex became the first Niuean
to receive a knighthood – in 1984.

In January 2004 Cyclone Heta hit Niue,

killing two people and causing extensive
damage to the entire island, including
wiping out most of the south of the capital,
Alofi.

On March 7, 2020, the International Dark

Sky Association announced that Niue had
become the first Dark Sky Preserve
Nation.[30] On 29 September 2022,
President Joe Biden announced that the
United States would recognize Niue as a
sovereign nation.[31]

Government and politics

Premier Dalton Tagelagi

The Niue Constitution Act of 1974 vests

executive authority in His Majesty the King
in Right of New Zealand and in the
Governor-General of New Zealand.[32] The
Constitution specifies that everyday
practice involves the exercise of
sovereignty by Cabinet, composed of the
Premier (currently Dalton Tagelagi since
11 June 2020) and of three other
ministers. The Premier and ministers are
members of the Niue Assembly, the
nation's parliament.

The Assembly consists of 20 members, 14

of them elected by the electors of each
village constituency, and six by all
registered voters in all constituencies.[33]
Electors must be New Zealand citizens,
resident for at least three months, and
candidates must be electors and resident
for 12 months. Everyone born in Niue must
register on the electoral roll.[34]

Niue has no political parties; all Assembly

members are independents. The only
Niuean political party to have ever existed,
the Niue People's Party (1987–2003), won
once (in 2002) before disbanding the
following year.[35]

The Legislative Assembly elects a Speaker

as its first official in the first sitting of the
Assembly following an election. The
speaker calls for nominations for premier;
the candidate with the most votes from
the 20 members is elected. The premier
selects three other members to form a
Cabinet, the executive arm of
government.[36] General elections take
place every three years, most recently on
30 May 2020.

The judiciary, independent of the executive

and the legislature, includes a High Court
and a Court of Appeal, with appeals to the
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in
London.[37]

Defence and foreign affairs

Niue has operated as a self-governing

state in free association with New Zealand
since 3 September 1974, when the people
endorsed the Constitution in a
plebiscite.[38][39] Niue is fully responsible
for its internal affairs. Niue's position
concerning its external relations is less
clear-cut. Section 6 of the Niue
Constitution Act provides that: "Nothing in
this Act or in the Constitution shall affect
the responsibilities of Her Majesty the
Queen in right of New Zealand for the
external affairs and defence of Niue."
Section 8 elaborates but still leaves the
position unclear:

Effect shall be given to the

provisions of sections 6 and 7
[concerning external affairs and
defence and economic and
administrative assistance
respectively] of this Act, and to
any other aspect of the
relationship between New
Zealand and Niue which may
from time to time call for
positive co-operation between
New Zealand and Niue after
consultation between the Prime
Minister of New Zealand and the
Premier of Niue, and in
accordance with the policies of
 their respective Governments;
and, if it appears desirable that
any provision be made in the
law of Niue to carry out these
policies, that provision may be
made in the manner prescribed
in the Constitution, but not
otherwise."

Niue has a representative mission (High

Commission) in Wellington, New
Zealand.[40]

Initially, Niue's foreign relations and

defence were the responsibility of New
Zealand.[41]: 207  However, Niue gradually
began to develop its own foreign relations,
independent of New Zealand.[41]: 208  It is a
member of the Pacific Islands Forum and
of a number of regional and international
agencies. It is not a member of the United
Nations, but is a state party to the United
Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,
the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change, the Ottawa Treaty and
the Treaty of Rarotonga. The country
became a member state of UNESCO on 26
October 1993.[42] It established diplomatic
relations with the People's Republic of
China on 12 December 2007.[43] The joint
communique signed by Niue and China
differs in its treatment of the Taiwan
question from that agreed by New Zealand
and China. New Zealand "acknowledged"
China's position on Taiwan but has never
expressly agreed with it, but Niue
"recognises that there is only one China in
the world, the Government of the People's
Republic of China is the sole legal
government representing the whole of
China and Taiwan is an inalienable part of
the territory of China."[43] Niue established
diplomatic relations with India on 30
August 2012.[44] On 10 June 2014 the
Government of Niue announced that Niue
had established diplomatic relations with
Turkey. The Honourable Minister of
Infrastructure Dalton Tagelagi formalised
the agreement at the Pacific Small Island
States Foreign Ministers meeting in
Istanbul, Turkey.[45]

People of Niue have fought as part of the

New Zealand military. During World War I
(1914-1918), Niue sent about 200 soldiers
as part of the New Zealand (Māori)
Pioneer Battalion in the New Zealand
forces.[46]

Niue is not a republic, but for a number of

years the ISO list of country names (ISO
3166-1) listed its full name as "the
Republic of Niue". In its newsletter of 14
July 2011, the ISO acknowledged that this
was a mistake and the words "the Republic
of" were deleted from the ISO list of
country names.[47]

Niue has no regular indigenous military

forces; defence is the responsibility of
New Zealand.[48]

Geography

Detailed map of Niue

Satellite image of Niue in the Pacific Ocean

Niue is a 269 km2 (104 sq mi) raised coral

atoll in the southern Pacific Ocean, east of
Tonga.[49] There are three outlying coral
reefs within the Exclusive Economic Zone,
with no land area:

1. Beveridge Reef, 240 km (150 mi)

southeast, submerged atoll drying
 during low tide, 9.5 km (5.9 mi) north-
south, 7.5 km (4.7 mi) East-West,
total area 56 km2 (22 sq mi), no land
area, lagoon 11 metres (36 ft) deep.
2. Antiope Reef, 180 km (110 mi)
northeast, a circular plateau
approximately 400 metres (1,300 ft)
in diameter, with a least depth of 9.5
metres (31 ft).
3. Haran Reef (also known as Harans
Reef), 294 km (183 mi) southeast.

Besides these, Albert Meyer Reef, (almost

5 km (3.1 mi) long and wide, least depth
3 m (9.8 ft), 326 km (203 mi) southwest) is
not officially claimed by Niue, and the
existence of Haymet Rocks (1,273 km
(791 mi) east-southeast) is in doubt.

Niue is one of the world's largest coral

islands. The terrain consists of steep
limestone cliffs along the coast with a
central plateau rising to about 60 metres
(200 ft) above sea level. A coral reef
surrounds the island, with the only major
break in the reef being in the central
western coast, close to the capital, Alofi. A
number of limestone caves occur near the
coast.

The island is roughly oval in shape (with a

diameter of about 18 kilometres (11 mi)),
with two large bays indenting the western
coast, Alofi Bay in the centre and Avatele
Bay in the south. Between these is the
promontory of Halagigie Point. A small
peninsula, TePā Point (Blowhole Point), is
close to the settlement of Avatele in the
southwest. Most of the population resides
close to the west coast, around the capital,
and in the northwest.

Some of the soils are geochemically very

unusual. They are extremely weathered
tropical soils, with high levels of iron and
aluminium oxides (oxisol) and mercury,
and they contain high levels of natural
radioactivity. There is almost no uranium,
but the radionucleides Th-230 and Pa-231
head the decay chains. This is the same
distribution of elements as found naturally
on very deep seabeds, but the
geochemical evidence suggests that the
origin of these elements is extreme
weathering of coral and brief sea
submergence 120,000 years ago.
Endothermal upwelling, by which mild
volcanic heat draws deep seawater up
through the porous coral, almost certainly
contributes.[50]

No adverse health effects from the

radioactivity or the other trace elements
have been demonstrated, and calculations
show that the level of radioactivity is
probably much too low to be detected in
the population. These unusual soils are
very rich in phosphate, but it is not
accessible to plants, being in the very
insoluble form of iron phosphate, or
crandallite. It is thought that similar
radioactive soils may exist on Lifou and
Mare near New Caledonia, and Rennell in
the Solomon Islands, but no other
locations are known.

According to the World Health

Organization, residents are evidently very
susceptible to skin cancer. In 2002 Niue
reported skin cancer deaths at a rate of
2,482 per 100,000 people – far higher than
any other country.[51]

Niue is separated from New Zealand by

the International Date Line. The time
difference is 23 hours during the Southern
Hemisphere winter and 24 hours when
New Zealand uses Daylight Saving Time.
 Coral chasm

Niue's coastline
 Natural stone arch

Climate

The island has a tropical rainforest climate

(Af) according to the Köppen climate
classification with high temperatures and
rainfall throughout the year. Although there
are no true wet or dry seasons, there is a
noticeably wetter stretch from October to
May.
 Climate data for Alofi
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov D
Record high 38 38 32 36 30 32 35 37 36 31 37 3
°C (°F) (100) (100) (90) (97) (86) (90) (95) (99) (97) (88) (99) (9
Average 28 29 28 27 26 26 25 25 26 26 27 2
high °C (°F) (82) (84) (82) (81) (79) (79) (77) (77) (79) (79) (81) (8
Daily mean 26 27 26 25 25 23 22 23 23 24 25 2
°C (°F) (79) (81) (79) (77) (77) (73) (72) (73) (73) (75) (77) (7
Average low 23 24 24 23 22 21 20 20 21 21 22 2
°C (°F) (73) (75) (75) (73) (72) (70) (68) (68) (70) (70) (72) (7
Record low 20 20 20 14 15 13 11 11 15 15 11 1
°C (°F) (68) (68) (68) (57) (59) (55) (52) (52) (59) (59) (52) (6
Average
261.6 253.6 305.6 202.6 138.2 88.9 96.4 105.8 102.4 123.8 145.5 19
precipitation
(10.30) (9.98) (12.03) (7.98) (5.44) (3.50) (3.80) (4.17) (4.03) (4.87) (5.73) (7.
mm (inches)
Source: Weatherbase[52]

Environment
A leader in green growth, Niue is also
focusing on solar power provision, with
help from the European Union.[53][54]
However, Niue currently deals with one of
the highest rates of greenhouse gas
production per capita in the world.[55] This
must be considered however in the
context of the small population, and the
installed generating capacity of between
833 kW to 1MW. Niue aims to become
80% renewable by 2025.[56][57][58] The Niue
Island Organic Farmers Association is
currently paving way to a Multilateral
Environmental Agreement (MEA)
committed to making Niue the world's first
fully organic nation by 2020.[59][60][61]

In July 2009 a solar panel system was

installed, injecting about 50 kW into the
Niue national power grid. This is nominally
6% of the average 833 kW electricity
production. The solar panels are at Niue
High School (20 kW), Niue Power
Corporation office, (1.7 kW)[62] and the
Niue Foou Hospital (30 kW). The EU-
funded grid-connected photovoltaic
systems are supplied under the REP-5
programme and were installed recently by
the Niue Power Corporation on the roofs
of the high school and the power station
office and on ground-mounted support
structures in front of the hospital. They will
be monitored and maintained by the
NPC.[63] In 2014 two additional solar
power installations were added to the Niue
national power grid, one funded under
PALM5 of Japan is located outside of the
Tuila power station – so far only this has
battery storage, the other under European
Union funding is located opposite the Niue
International Airport Terminal.

Flora and fauna

Niue is part of the Tongan tropical moist

forests terrestrial ecoregion.[64] The island
is home to approximately 60 native or pre-
European plants, and approximately 160
naturalised flowering plant species.[65]
Compared to other Polynesian islands,
Niue has sparse documentation for what
plants were traditionally found on the
island (almost no records are found
between the documentation by James
Cook's crew in 1774, and Truman G.
Yuncker's botanical survey of the island in
1940).[65]

Pandanus

The Huvalu Forest Conservation Area is a

5,400 ha site on the eastern side of the
island. It was established in 1992 and
protects the largest area of primary forest
in Niue.[66] It has been designated an
Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife
International because it supports
populations of crimson-crowned fruit
doves, blue-crowned lorikeets, Polynesian
trillers and Polynesian starlings.[67]

Economy

A proportional representation of Niue exports, 2019

Alofi, the capital of Niue.

Niue's gross domestic product (GDP) was
NZ$17 million in 2003,[68] or US$10 million
at purchasing power parity.[69] Its GDP had
increased to US$24.9 million by 2016.[70]
Niue uses the New Zealand dollar.

The Niue Integrated Strategic Plan (NISP)

is the national development plan, setting
national priorities for development.
Cyclone Heta set the island back about
two years from its planned timeline to
implement the NISP, since national efforts
concentrated on recovery efforts. In 2008,
Niue had yet to fully recover. After Heta,
the government made a major
commitment to rehabilitate and develop
the private sector.[71] In 2004 the New
Zealand government allocated $1 million
for the private sector,[72] and spent it on
helping businesses devastated by the
cyclone, and on construction of the
Fonuakula Industrial Park. This industrial
park is now completed and some
businesses are already operating from
there. The Fonuakula Industrial Park is
managed by the Niue Chamber of
Commerce, a not-for-profit organisation
providing advisory services to businesses.

Joint ventures
The government and the Reef Group from
New Zealand started two joint ventures in
2003 and 2004 to develop fisheries and a
120-hectare noni juice operation.[73] Noni
fruit comes from Morinda citrifolia, a small
tree with edible fruit. Niue Fish Processors
Ltd (NFP) is a joint venture company
processing fresh fish, mainly tuna
(yellowfin, big eye and albacore), for export
to overseas markets. NFP operates out of
a state-of-the-art fish plant in Amanau
Alofi South, completed and opened in
October 2004.[74]

Trade
Niue is negotiating free trade agreements
with other Pacific countries, PICTA Trade
in Services (PICTA TIS), Economic
Partnership Agreements with the
European Union, and PACERPlus with
Australia and New Zealand. The Office of
the Chief Trade Adviser (OCTA) has been
set up to assist Niue and other Pacific
countries in the negotiation of the
PACERPlus.

Mining

In August 2005, an Australian mining

company, Yamarna Goldfields, suggested
that Niue might have the world's largest
deposit of uranium. By early September
these hopes were seen as
overoptimistic,[75] and in late October the
company cancelled its plans, announcing
that exploratory drilling had identified
nothing of commercial value.[76] The
Australian Securities and Investments
Commission filed charges in January 2007
against two directors of the company, now
called Mining Projects Group Ltd, alleging
that their conduct had been deceptive and
that they engaged in insider trading.[77]
This case was settled out of court in July
2008, both sides withdrawing their
claims.[78]
Revenue

Remittances from expatriates were a

major source of foreign exchange in the
1970s and early 1980s. Continuous
migration to New Zealand has shifted
most members of nuclear and extended
families there, removing the need to send
remittances back home. In the late 1990s,
PFTAC conducted studies on the balance
of payments,[79] which confirmed that
Niueans are receiving few remittances but
are sending more money overseas.

Foreign aid
Foreign aid is a significant source of
income, accounting for approximately a
third of Niue's annual government
revenue.[80] Most aid comes from New
Zealand,[69] which has a legal obligation to
provide economic and administrative
assistance.[81] Other sources of revenue
for the government are taxation and
trading activities, such as philatelic
services and the lease of phone lines.[82]

Offshore banking

The government briefly considered

offshore banking. Under pressure from the
US Treasury, Niue agreed to end its
support for schemes designed to
minimise tax in countries like New
Zealand. Niue provides automated
Companies Registration, administered by
the New Zealand Ministry of Economic
Development. The Niue Legislative
Assembly passed the Niue Consumption
Tax Act in the first week of February 2009,
and the 12.5% tax on goods and services
was expected to take effect on 1 April
2009. Income tax has been lowered, and
import tax may be reset to zero except for
"sin" items like tobacco, alcohol and soft
drinks. Tax on secondary income has been
lowered from 35% to 10%, with the stated
goal of fostering increased labour
productivity.[83]

Internet

In 1997, the Internet Assigned Numbers

Authority (IANA), under contract with the
US Department of Commerce, assigned
the Internet Users Society-Niue (IUS-N), a
private nonprofit, as manager of the .nu
top-level domain on the Internet. IUS-N's
charitable purpose was – and continues to
be – to use revenue from the registration
of .nu domain names to fund low-cost or
free Internet services for the people of
Niue. In a letter to ICANN in 2007, IUS-N's
independent auditors reported IUS-N had
invested US$3 million for Internet services
in Niue between 1999 and 2005 from .nu
domain name registration revenue during
that period. In 1999, IUS-N and the
Government of Niue signed an agreement
whereby the Government recognised that
IUS-N managed the .nu ccTLD under
IANA's authority and IUS-N committed to
provide free Internet services to
government departments as well as to
Niue's private citizens. A newly elected
government later disputed that agreement
and attempted to assert a claim on the
domain name, including a requirement for
IUS-N to make direct payments of
compensation to the government.[84] In
2005, a Government-appointed
Commission of Inquiry into the dispute
released its report, which found no merit in
the government's claims; the government
subsequently dismissed the claims in
2007.[85] Starting in 2003, IUS-N began
installing Wi-Fi connections throughout the
capital village of Alofi and in several
nearby villages and schools, and has been
expanding Wi-Fi coverage into the outer
villages since then, making Niue the first
Wi-Fi nation.[86] To assure security for
government departments, IUS-N provides
the government with a secure DSL
connection to IUS-N's satellite Internet link,
at no cost.

On Dec 16, 2020, the Government of Niue

commenced an action to "redelegate" its
national webspace, .nu, from the Internet
Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN), the supranational non-
profit that coordinates top-level domains
to ensure the stable operation of the
internet, in order to assign control of the
.nu domain to the Government of Niue.[87]
Agriculture

Agriculture is very important to the

lifestyle of Niueans and the economy, and
around 204 square kilometres of the land
area are available for agriculture.[88]
Subsistence agriculture is very much part
of Niue's culture, where nearly all the
households have plantations of taro.[89]
Taro is a staple food, and the pink taro
now dominant in the taro markets in New
Zealand and Australia is a product of Niue.
This is one of the naturally occurring taro
varieties on Niue, and has a strong
resistance to pests. The Niue taro is
known in Samoa as "talo Niue" and in
international markets as pink taro. Niue
exports taro to New Zealand. Tapioca or
cassava, yams and kumara also grow very
well,[69] as do different varieties of
bananas. Coconut meat, passionfruit and
limes dominated exports in the 1970s, but
in 2008 vanilla, noni and taro were the
main export crops.

Most families grow their own food crops

for subsistence and sell their surplus at
the Niue Makete in Alofi, or export to New
Zealand.[90] Coconut crab, or uga, is also
part of the food chain; it lives in the forest
and coastal areas.[91]
Taro crop

In 2003, the government made a

commitment to develop and expand
vanilla production with the support of
NZAID. Vanilla has grown wild on Niue for
a long time. The industry was devastated
by Cyclone Heta in early 2004, but has
since recovered.[92]

The last agricultural census was in

1989.[93]
Tourism

Avatele Beach

Tourism is one of the three priority

economic sectors (the other two are
fisheries and agriculture) for economic
development. In 2006, estimated visitor
expenditure reached US$1.6 million
(equivalent to about $2M in 2022) making
tourism a major industry for Niue. Niue will
continue to receive direct support from the
government and overseas donor agencies.
The only airport is Niue International
Airport. Air New Zealand is the sole airline,
flying twice a week from Auckland.[94] In
the early 1990s Niue International Airport
was served by a local airline, Niue Airlines,
but it closed in 1992.

There is a tourism development strategy to

increase the number of rooms available to
tourists at a sustainable level. Niue is
trying to attract foreign investors to invest
in the tourism industry by offering import
and company tax concessions as
incentives. New Zealand businessman Earl
Hagaman, founder of Scenic Hotel Group,
was awarded a contract in 2014 to
manage the Matavai Resort in Niue after
he made a $101,000 political donation to
the New Zealand National Party, which at
that time led a minority government in
New Zealand. The resort is subsidized by
New Zealand, which wants to bolster
tourism there. In 2015 New Zealand
announced $7.5m in additional funding for
expansion of the resort. The selection of
the Matavai contractor was made by the
Niue Tourism Property Trust, whose
trustees are appointed by New Zealand
Foreign Affairs minister Murray McCully.
Prime Minister John Key said he did not
handle campaign donations, and that Niue
premier Toke Talagi has long pursued
tourism as a growth strategy. McCully
denied any link between the donation, the
foreign aid and the contractor selection.[95]

Astronomy and star-gazing

Niue became the world's first dark sky

country in March 2020. The entire island
maintains standards of light development
and keeps light pollution limited. Visitors
will be able to enjoy guided Astro-tours led
by trained Niuean community members.
Viewing sites which are used for whale-
watching and accessing the sea, as well
as the roads that cross the island, make
ideal viewing locations.[96]

Sailing

The sailing season begins in May. Alofi

Bay has many mooring buoys and yacht
crews can lodge at Niue Backpackers.[97]
The anchorage in Niue is one of the least
protected in the South Pacific. Other
challenges of the anchorage are a
primarily coral bottom and many deep
spots.[98] Mooring buoys are attached to
seine floats that support the mooring lines
away from seabed obstructions.[99]
Debt

On 27 October 2016, Niue officially

declared that all its national debt was paid
off.[100] The government plans to spend
money saved from servicing loans on
increasing pensions and offering
incentives to lure expatriates back home.
However, Niue is not entirely independent.
New Zealand pays $14 million in aid each
year and Niue still depends on New
Zealand economically. Premier Toke Talagi
said Niue managed to pay off US$4 million
of debt and had "no interest" in borrowing
again, particularly from huge powers such
as China.[100]
Information technology

Students using their OLPC laptops in the school yard.

The first computers were Apple machines

brought in by the University of the South
Pacific Extension Centre around the early
1980s. The Treasury Department
computerised its general ledger in 1986
using NEC personal computers that were
IBM PC XT compatible. The Census of
Households and Population in 1986 was
the first to be processed using a personal
computer with the assistance of David
Marshall, FAO Adviser on Agricultural
Statistics, advising UNFPA Demographer
Dr Lawrence Lewis and Niue Government
Statistician Bill Vakaafi Motufoou to
switch from using manual tabulation
cards. In 1987 Statistics Niue got its new
personal computer NEC PC AT use for
processing the 1986 census data;
personnel were sent on training in Japan
and New Zealand to use the new
computer. The first Computer Policy was
developed and adopted in 1988.[101]
In 2003, Niue became the first country in
the world to provide state-funded wireless
internet to all inhabitants.[102][103]

In August 2008 it has been reported that

all school students have what is known as
the OLPC XO-1, a specialised laptop by the
One Laptop per Child project designed for
children in the developing world.[104][105]
Niue was also a location of tests for the
OpenBTS project, which aims to deliver
low-cost GSM base stations built with
open source software.[106] In July 2011,
Telecom Niue launched pre-paid mobile
services (Voice/EDGE – 2.5G) as Rokcell
Mobile based on the commercial GSM
product of vendor Lemko. Three BTS sites
will cover the nation. International roaming
is not currently available. The fibre optic
cable ring is now completed around the
island (FTTC), Internet/ADSL services
were rolled out towards the end of 2011.

In January 2015 Telecom Niue completed

the laying of the fibre optic cable around
Niue connecting all the 14 villages, making
land line phones and ADSL internet
connection available to households.

Niue was connected to the Manatua Fibre

Cable in 2021.[107]
Demographics
The following demographic statistics are
from the CIA World Factbook.[108]

Population

Year Population

1950 4,667

1960 4,830

1970 5,130

1980 3,402

1990 2,332

2000 1,900

2010 1,620

2017 1,618

2022 2,000
Structure of the population

Population by Sex and Age Group, Census

09.III.2017 (Usual resident population): [109]
Age Group Male Female Total %

Total 762 829 1 591 100

0–4 68 67 135 8.49

5–9 83 85 168 10.56

10–14 66 78 144 9.05

15–19 52 53 95 5.97

20–24 35 30 65 4.09

25–29 50 57 107 6.73

30–34 51 62 113 7.10

35–39 44 49 93 5.85

40–44 43 46 89 5.59

45–49 52 39 91 5.72

50–54 49 52 101 6.35

55–59 45 47 92 5.78

60–64 43 43 86 5.41

65-69 25 31 56 3.52

70-74 30 28 58 3.65

75-79 23 27 50 3.14

80-84 8 26 34 2.14

85-89 4 5 9 0.57

90-94 1 3 4 0.25

95-99 0 1 1 0.06

Age group Male Female Total Percent

0–14 217 230 447 28.10

15–64 454 478 932 58.58

65+ 91 121 212 13.32

Population growth rate

−0.03%

Nationality

Niuean(s) (noun)
Niuean (adjective)

Ethnic groups

Niuean 65.4%
Part-Niuean 14%
Non-Niuean 20.6% (includes 12%
European and Asian and 8% Pacific
Islanders)
Religions

Ekalesia Niue (Congregational Christian

Church of Niue – a Protestant church
founded by missionaries from the
London Missionary Society) 61.7%
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints 8.7%
Catholic 8.4%
Jehovah's Witnesses 2.7%
Seventh-day Adventist 1.4%
Other 8.2%
None 8.9%
Languages

Niuean (official) 46% (a Polynesian

language closely related to Tongan and
Samoan)
Niuean and English 32%
English (official) 11%
Niuean and others 5%,
Other 6%

Culture
Niuean dancers at the Pasifika Festival

Niue is the birthplace of New Zealand

artist and writer John Pule. Author of The
Shark That Ate the Sun, he also paints tapa
cloth inspired designs on canvas.[110] In
2005, he co-wrote Hiapo: Past and Present
in Niuean Barkcloth, a study of a traditional
Niuean artform, with Australian writer and
anthropologist Nicholas Thomas.[111]
Matafetu Smith founded the first Niuean
women's weaving group in
Auckland.[112][113]

Taoga Niue is a new Government

Department responsible for the
preservation of culture, tradition and
heritage. Recognising its importance, the
Government has added Taoga Niue as the
sixth pillar of the Niue Integrated Strategic
Plan (NISP).[114]

Media

Niue has two broadcast outlets, Television

Niue and Radio Sunshine, managed and
operated by the Broadcasting Corporation
of Niue, and one newspaper, the Niue
Star.[115]
Museums

In 2004 Cyclone Heta destroyed the

Huanaki Cultural Centre & Museum. The
damage resulted in the destruction of the
buildings, but also the loss of over 90% of
the museum's collections.[116][117][118] In
2018 Fale Tau Tāoga Museum opened, a
new national museum for Niue.[119]

Cuisine

Due to the island location and the fact that

the Niue produce a significant array of
fruits and vegetables, natural local
produce, especially coconut, features in
many of the dishes of the islands as does
fresh seafood.

Sport

The Niue sevens team performing a takalo

Despite being a small country, a number of

sports are popular. Rugby union is the
most popular sport, played by both men
and women; Niue was the 2008 FORU
Oceania Cup champions.[120] Netball is
played only by women. There is a nine-hole
golf course at Fonuakula and a single lawn
bowling green.[121] Association football is
a popular sport, as evidenced by the Niue
Soccer Tournament, though the Niue
national football team has played only two
matches. Rugby league is also a popular
sport. Niue rugby league have only started
making strides within the international
arena since their first ever test match
against Vanuatu, going down 22–20 in
2013. On 4 October 2014, the Niue rugby
league team record their first ever
international test match win defeating the
Philippines 36–22. In May 2015, Niue
Rugby League recorded their second
international test match win against the
South African Rugby League side, 48–4.
Niue now sit 31st in the Rugby League
World Rankings.

See also
Geography
portal
Islands
portal
Oceania
portal

Outline of Niue
Bibliography of Niue
Dark-sky movement
Notes
a. The King in right of New Zealand is
represented by the Governor-General of
New Zealand in relation to Niue.[2]

References
1. "Religions in Niue | PEW-GRF" (http://www.g
lobalreligiousfutures.org/countries/niue#/?
affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2
010) . www.globalreligiousfutures.org.

2. "Niue National Strategic Plan 2016-2026" (h

ttp://www.gov.nu/wb/media/NNSP%20201
6-2026/Ko%20e%20Tohi%20Fakatokatoka%
20Gahua%20ha%20Niue%202016%20-%20
2026.pdf) (PDF). Government of Niue.
2016. p. 35.
3. "The World today" (https://www.un.org/Dep
ts/Cartographic/map/profile/world00.pdf)
(PDF). UN.

4. "Repertory of Practice – Organs

Supplement" (https://web.archive.org/web/
20131019223055/http://legal.un.org/repert
ory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_
e_advance.pdf) (PDF). UN. p. 10. Archived
from the original (http://legal.un.org/repert
ory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_
e_advance.pdf) (PDF) on 19 October 2013.

5. "Niue" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131
006175931/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/
niue.aspx) . GeoHive. Archived from the
original (http://www.geohive.com/cntry/niu
e.aspx) on 6 October 2013. Retrieved
5 October 2013.
6. "World Population Prospects 2022" (https://
population.un.org/wpp/) .
population.un.org. United Nations
Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.

7. "World Population Prospects 2022:

Demographic indicators by region,
subregion and country, annually for 1950-
2100" (https://population.un.org/wpp/Dow
nload/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EX
CEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_
DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_R
EV1.xlsx) (XSLX). population.un.org ("Total
Population, as of 1 July (thousands)").
United Nations Department of Economic
and Social Affairs, Population Division.
Retrieved 17 July 2022.
8. "Niue Household and Population Census
2017" (https://niue.prism.spc.int/downloa
d/35/census/1460/2019-niue-pophh-censu
s-2-0.pdf) (PDF). niue.prism.spc.int. Niue
Statistics Office. Retrieved 5 May 2020.

9. "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence

Agency" (https://web.archive.org/web/2011
0604195034/https://www.cia.gov/library/p
ublications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2
001rank.html) . www.cia.gov. Archived
from the original (https://www.cia.gov/libra
ry/publications/the-world-factbook/rankord
er/2001rank.html) on 4 June 2011.
Retrieved 8 September 2017.
10. "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence
Agency" (https://web.archive.org/web/2013
0424075526/https://www.cia.gov/library/p
ublications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2
004rank.html) . www.cia.gov. Archived
from the original (https://www.cia.gov/libra
ry/publications/the-world-factbook/rankord
er/2004rank.html) on 24 April 2013.
Retrieved 8 September 2017.

11. "Niue National Accounts estimates" (http

s://niue.prism.spc.int/category/economi
c/) . niue.prism.spc.int. Niue Statistics
Office. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
12. Deverson, Tony; Kennedy, Graeme, eds.
(2005). "Niue" (https://www.oxfordreferenc
e.com/view/10.1093/acref/978019558451
6.001.0001/m-en_nz-msdict-00001-003622
8) . The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary.
Oxford University Press.
doi:10.1093/acref/9780195584516.001.00
01 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F97
80195584516.001.0001) . ISBN 978-0-19-
558451-6. Retrieved 18 February 2022.

13. "Introducing Niue" (http://www.lonelyplanet.

com/niue/introduction) . Lonely Planet.
Retrieved 24 October 2016.
14. "QuickStats About Pacific Peoples" (https://
web.archive.org/web/20111119141308/htt
p://stats.govt.nz/Census/2006CensusHom
ePage/QuickStats/quickstats-about-a-subje
ct/pacific-peoples/pacific-people-populatio
n.aspx) . Statistics New Zealand. 2006.
Archived from the original (http://www.stat
s.govt.nz/Census/2006CensusHomePage/
QuickStats/quickstats-about-a-subject/paci
fic-peoples/pacific-people-population.asp
x) on 19 November 2011. Retrieved
28 October 2011.

15. Moseley, Christopher; R. E. Asher, eds.

(1994). Atlas of the World's Languages.
New York: Routledge. p. 100.
16. "Find a publication" (http://www.justice.gov
t.nz/publications/publications-archived/20
00/pacific-peoples-constitution-report-sept
ember-2000/documents/Bibliography.do
c) . New Zealand Ministry of Justice.

17. "Niue" (http://www.ibe.unesco.org/en/world

wide/unesco-regions/asia-and-the-pacific/n
iue.html) . UNESCO International Bureau of
Education.

18. "List of member countries" (https://web.arc

hive.org/web/20040821102654/http://ww
w.who.int/countries/en/) . World Health
Organization. Archived from the original (htt
ps://www.who.int/countries/en/) on 21
August 2004.
19. "Pacific Climate Change: Niue urges world
leaders to leave legacy of action at climate
conference" (http://climatepasifika.blogspo
t.com.br/2011/12/niue-urges-world-leaders
-to-leave.html) .
climatepasifika.blogspot.com.br. 8
December 2011.

20. "Niue Islands Village Council Ordinance

1967" (http://www.paclii.org/nu/legis/num_
act/nivco1967321/) . Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20161228174814/http://
www.paclii.org/nu/legis/num_act/nivco196
7321/) from the original on 28 December
2016. Retrieved 28 October 2017.

21. "Niue" (https://www.britannica.com/place/

Niue) . Encyclopædia Britannica. 10 August
2015. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
22. Smith, S Percy (1903). "Niuē-fekai (or
Savage) Island and its People" (https://nzet
c.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-SmiNiu.ht
ml) . pp. 36–44.

23. Horowitz, Anthony 'Tony' (2002). "8". Blue

Latitudes: Boldly Going Where Captain
Cook Has Gone Before..
24. Marks, Kathy (9 July 2008). "World's
smallest state aims to become the first
smoke-free paradise island" (https://www.in
dependent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/
worlds-smallest-state-aims-to-become-the-f
irst-smokefree-paradise-island-862977.htm
l) . The Independent. London. Archived (htt
ps://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220621/ht
tps://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/
australasia/worlds-smallest-state-aims-to-b
ecome-the-first-smokefree-paradise-island-
862977.html) from the original on 21 June
2022. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
25. Langdon, Robert (1984) Where the whalers
went: an index to the Pacific ports visited
by American whalers (and some other
ships) in the 19th century, Canberra, Pacific
Manuscripts Bureau, p.192-3.
ISBN 086784471X

26. Juergensmeyer, Mark; Roof, Wade C., eds.

(18 October 2011). "Nukai Peniamina" (http
s://books.google.com/books?id=WwJzAwA
AQBAJ) . Encyclopedia of Global Religion.
Sage Publishing. p. 925. ISBN 978-
1452266565.
27. "The Church Missionary Gleaner, October
1853" (http://www.churchmissionarysociet
y.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Images/CMS
_OX_Gleaner_1853_10/5) . Savage Island.
Adam Matthew Digital. Retrieved
18 October 2015.

28. Commonwealth and Colonial Law by

Kenneth Roberts-Wray, London, Stevens,
1966. p. 897

29. "Constitution Act 1974" (http://www.paclii.o

rg/nu/legis/num_act/ca1974188/index.htm
l) . Paclii.org. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
30. "Niue is World's First Country to Become a
Dark Sky Place" (https://www.darksky.org/n
iue-is-worlds-first-country-to-become-a-dark
-sky-place/) . International Dark Sky
Association. 7 March 2020. Retrieved
9 March 2020.

31. "Remarks by President Biden at the U.S.-

Pacific Island Country Summit" (https://ww
w.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-
remarks/2022/09/29/remarks-by-president-
biden-at-the-u-s-pacific-island-country-sum
mit/) . The White House. 29 September
2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
32. "Niue Constitution Act 1974: Schedule 2:
The Constitution of Niue (English language
version), s1" (https://www.legislation.govt.n
z/act/public/1974/0042/latest/DLM41279
7.html) . legislation.govt.nz. 29 August
1974. Retrieved 19 June 2022.

33. "Niue's Government and Politics" (http://ww

w.niuegov.com/) . www.niuegov.com.
Retrieved 19 October 2017.

34. "Enroll to vote" (https://www.govt.nz/brows

e/engaging-with-government/enrol-and-vot
e-in-an-election/enrol-to-vote/) . New
Zealand Government. 10 June 2020.
Retrieved 18 June 2020.
35. "Niue's only party dissolved" (https://www.r
nz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/14434
4/niue%27s-only-party-dissolved) . RNZ. 21
July 2003. Retrieved 19 June 2022.

36. Constitution of Niue, s2.

37. "Niuean criminal court system" (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20110724223409/http://
www.acclawyers.org/resources/niue/) .
Association of Commonwealth Criminal
Lawyers. Archived from the original (http://
www.acclawyers.org/resources/niue/) on
24 July 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2010.

38. Masahiro Igarashi, Associated Statehood in

International Law, p. 167
39. "Towards self-government, or something" (h
ttps://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-333490132/view?s
ectionId=nla.obj-338833420) . Pacific
Islands Monthly. Vol. 45, no. 10. 1 October
1974. p. 7. Retrieved 19 June 2022 – via
National Library of Australia.

40. "Government of Niue - Niue & New Zealand

High Commission - Komisina Tokoluga
Niue mo Niu Silani" (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20210807130914/https://www.gov.
nu/wb/pages/niue-new-zealand-high-comm
ission.php) . www.gov.nu. Archived from
the original (https://www.gov.nu/wb/pages/
niue-new-zealand-high-commission.php)
on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 7 August
2021.
41. McDonald, Caroline (2018). Decolonisation
and Free Association: The Relationships of
the Cook Islands and Niue with New
Zealand (https://researcharchive.vuw.ac.n
z/bitstream/handle/10063/6941/thesis_ac
cess.pdf?sequence=1) (PDF) (PhD).
Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved
19 June 2022.

42. "UNESCO.ORG | Communities | Member

States" (https://web.archive.org/web/2011
0728143254/http://erc.unesco.org/portal/
UNESCOMemberStates.asp?language=e
n) . Erc.unesco.org. Archived from the
original (http://erc.unesco.org/portal/UNES
COMemberStates.asp?language=en) on
28 July 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
43. "Full text of joint communiqué on the
establishment of diplomatic relations
between China and Niue" (https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20160303212547/http://news.
xinhuanet.com/english/2007-12/12/conten
t_7236560.htm) . Xinhua News Agency. 12
December 2007. Archived from the original
(http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-1
2/12/content_7236560.htm) on 3 March
2016. Retrieved 6 March 2008.

44. "India establishes Diplomatic Relations with

Niue" (http://www.mea.gov.in/mystart.php?
id=190019985) . Ministry of External
Affairs of India. 4 September 2012.
Retrieved 4 September 2012.
45. "Foreign Minister Davutoğlu "In the last six
years, we have taken significant steps to
strengthen our relations with Pacific Island
States" " (https://www.mfa.gov.tr/foreign-mi
nister-davutoglu-in-the-last-six-years-we-hav
e-taken-significant.en.mfa) . Republic of
Türkiye. Retrieved 19 June 2022.

46. Margaret Pointer (2000). Tagi tote e loto

haaku – My Heart is Crying a Little: Niue
Involvement in the Great War 1914–1918 (h
ttps://books.google.com/books?id=8qDVcn
ZUCZIC) . ISBN 978-982-02-0157-6.
47. "ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-9 "Name
changes for Fiji, Myanmar as well as other
minor corrections" " (http://www.iso.org/is
o/newsletter_vi-9_fiji-myanmar_and_other_
minor_corrections-incl_bulgaria_corrected_
2011-07-14_e_.pdf) (PDF). 14 July 2011.
Retrieved 9 August 2020. "Correct the long
name which was incorrect[.]"

48. "Niue" (https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factb

ook/countries/niue/#military-and-securit
y) . 14 December 2022.

49. Jacobson G, Hill PJ (1980) Hydrogeology of

a raised coral atoll, Niue Island, South
Pacific Ocean. Journal of Australian
Geology and Geophysics, 5 271–278.
50. Whitehead, N. E.; J. Hunt; D. Leslie; P.
Rankin (June 1993). "The elemental content
of Niue Island soils as an indicator of their
origin" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071
202044236/http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nz
jgg/1993/24.pdf) (PDF). New Zealand
Journal of Geology & Geophysics. 36 (2):
243–255.
doi:10.1080/00288306.1993.9514572 (http
s://doi.org/10.1080%2F00288306.1993.951
4572) . Archived from the original (http://w
ww.rsnz.org/publish/nzjgg/1993/24.pdf)
(PDF) on 2 December 2007. Retrieved
3 December 2007.
51. "UV radiation: Burden of disease by
country" (http://apps.who.int/gho/data/nod
e.main.165?lang=eng) . World Health
Organization, Global Health Observatory
Data Repository. 2002.

52. "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Alofi,

Niue" (http://www.weatherbase.com/weath
er/weatherall.php3?s=22819&refer=&units=
metric) . Weatherbase. Retrieved 3 August
2009.

53. "Niue" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120

226001636/http://www.delfji.ec.europa.eu/
en/achievements/niue.htm) . European
External Action Service. Archived from the
original (http://www.delfji.ec.europa.eu/en/
achievements/niue.htm) on 26 February
2012. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
54. "Niue – Tuila Office Tuila overview" (http://w
ww.sunnyportal.com/Templates/PublicPag
eOverview.aspx?plant=08532994-451b-4b3
b-a530-ca48b6ea4537&splang=en-US) .
Sunnyportal.com. Retrieved 23 August
2017.

55. Rogers, Simon (21 June 2012). "World

carbon emissions: the league table of every
country" (https://www.theguardian.com/en
vironment/datablog/2012/jun/21/world-car
bon-emissions-league-table-country) . The
Guardian. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
56. "Niue: Intended Nationally Determined
Contributions" (http://www4.unfccc.int/sub
missions/INDC/Published%20Documents/
Niue/1/Niue%20INDC%20Final.pdf) (PDF).
United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change.

57. "Niue Strategic Energy Road Map 2015–

2025" (http://prdrse4all.spc.int/system/file
s/niue_strategic_energy_road_map_2015-2
025_updated_3.pdf) (PDF).

58. "Niue to embrace more solar and wind

power" (http://www.radionz.co.nz/internati
onal/pacific-news/288763/niue-to-embrace
-more-solar-and-wind-power) . Radio New
Zealand. 3 November 2015.
59. "Capacity Building related to Multilateral
Environmental Agreements (MEAs) in
African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP)
Countries: Niue Island Organic Farmers
Association" (http://capacity4dev.ec.europ
a.eu/acp-meas/document/niue-island-orga
nic-farmers-association) . European Union.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201
61220115352/http://capacity4dev.ec.europ
a.eu/acp-meas/document/niue-island-orga
nic-farmers-association) from the original
on 20 December 2016. Retrieved
10 December 2016.
60. "Niue Agriculture Sector Plan 2015–2019"
(https://pafpnet.spc.int/attachments/articl
e/776/Niue-Agriculture-Sector-Plan-2015-1
9.pdf) (PDF). Niue Department of
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.

61. "Niue Island Organic Farmers Association –

PoetCom" (https://web.archive.org/web/20
170909004443/http://www.organicpasifika.
com/poetcom/for-farmers-and-growers/me
mbers/niue-island-organic-farmers-associa
tion/) . www.organicpasifika.com. Archived
from the original (http://www.organicpasifik
a.com/poetcom/for-farmers-and-growers/
members/niue-island-organic-farmers-asso
ciation/) on 9 September 2017. Retrieved
8 September 2017.
62. "Niue – Tuila Office – Tuila overview" (htt
p://www.sunnyportal.com/Templates/Publi
cPageOverview.aspx?plant=08532994-451b
-4b3b-a530-ca48b6ea4537&splang=en-U
S) . Sunny Portal. Retrieved 26 June 2010.

63. "Achievements for Niue" (https://web.archiv

e.org/web/20120226001636/http://www.d
elfji.ec.europa.eu/en/achievements/niue.ht
m) . The European Commission's
Delegation to the Pacific. Archived from the
original (http://www.delfji.ec.europa.eu/en/
achievements/niue.htm) on 26 February
2012. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
64. Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). "An Ecoregion-
Based Approach to Protecting Half the
Terrestrial Realm" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.ni
h.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287) .
BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545.
doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014 (https://doi.org/
10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014) . ISSN 0006-
3568 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0006-
3568) . PMC 5451287 (https://www.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287) .
PMID 28608869 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.
nih.gov/28608869) .
65. Gardner, Rhys O. (2020). "The naturalised
flora of Niue" (https://www.aucklandmuseu
m.com/discover/research/publications/rec
ords/vol55/niue) . Records of the Auckland
Institute and Museum. 55 (55): 53–84.
doi:10.32912/ram.2020.55.5 (https://doi.or
g/10.32912%2Fram.2020.55.5) .
ISSN 0067-0464 (https://www.worldcat.or
g/issn/0067-0464) . S2CID 229629985 (htt
ps://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:229
629985) . Retrieved 19 April 2021.

66. "Huvalu Forest Conservation Area (Niue)" (h

ttps://pipap.sprep.org/content/huvalu-fores
t-conservation-area-niue) . Pacific Islands
Protected Area Portal. Pacific Regional
Environment Programme. 2021. Retrieved
6 March 2021.
67. "Huvalu and environs" (http://datazone.birdl
ife.org/site/factsheet/huvalu-and-environs-i
ba-niue-(to-new-zealand)) . BirdLife Data
Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Retrieved
6 March 2021.

68. "Country Information Paper – Niue" (http

s://web.archive.org/web/2011072104082
0/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/Pacifi
c/Niue.php) . New Zealand Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and Trade. 8 April 2009.
Archived from the original (http://www.mfa
t.govt.nz/Countries/Pacific/Niue.php) on
21 July 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2009.

69. "Niue" (https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factb

ook/countries/niue/) . World Factbook.
CIA. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
70. "2018 Pacific Community pocket statistical
summary" (https://spccfpstore1.blob.core.
windows.net/digitallibrary-docs/files/d4/d4
708ac84ad19cfb9bde59b73ee94011.pdf?s
v=2015-12-11&sr=b&sig=KyG5Ur1%2FPYw1
M8UcYjcyOo0xUEX0zByZBcdKZMGXyyw%3
D&se=2020-04-04T14%3A17%3A11Z&sp=r
&rscc=public%2C%20max-age%3D864000%
2C%20max-stale%3D86400&rsct=applicatio
n%2Fpdf&rscd=inline%3B%20filename%3
D%22Pocket_Statistical_Summary_18.pdf%
22) (PDF).
71. "Niue Foou ‐ A New Niue: Cyclone Heta
Recovery Plan" (https://reliefweb.int/attach
ments/fdae701c-1758-3f48-b1e5-d44421a
52e78/NIUE_HETA2004_Recovery%20Plan.
pdf) (PDF). Government of Niue. April
2004. Retrieved 14 March 2023.

72. "NZ gives $5 million to help rebuild Niue" (ht

tps://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/nz-give
s-5-million-help-rebuild-niue) . New Zealand
Government. 21 January 2004. Retrieved
19 June 2022.

73. "Reef Group looks to NZ for help Niue

projects" (http://www.radionz.co.nz/interna
tional/pacific-news/175984/reef-group-look
s-to-nz-for-help-niue-projects) . Radio New
Zealand. 13 March 2008.
74. "Two new processing plants officially
opened on Niue" (https://www.rnz.co.nz/int
ernational/pacific-news/151228/two-new-p
rocessing-plants-officially-opened-on-niu
e) . RNZ. 18 October 2004. Retrieved
19 June 2022.

75. "Yamarna loses passion for Niue's uranium"

(http://www.theage.com.au/news/busines
s/yamarna-loses-passion-for-niues-uraniu
m/2005/09/05/1125772467540.html) .
The Age. 6 September 2005. Retrieved
24 December 2007.
76. NIUE: No Mineable Uranium, Says
Exploration Company (https://archive.toda
y/20070614094204/http://www.pacificmag
azine.net/news/2005/11/03/niue-no-minea
ble-uranium-says-exploration-company) ,
Pacific Magazine, 3 November 2005.
Retrieved 24 December 2007.
77. "ASIC takes action against directors of
Melbourne mining company" (https://web.a
rchive.org/web/20110323114336/http://w
ww.asic.gov.au/asic/asic.nsf/byheadline/0
7-13+ASIC+takes+action+against+directors
+of+melbourne+mining+company?openDo
cument) (Press release). Australian
Securities and Investments Commission.
23 January 2007. Archived from the original
(http://www.asic.gov.au/asic/asic.nsf/byhe
adline/07-13+ASIC+takes+action+against+
directors+of+melbourne+mining+compan
y?openDocument) on 23 March 2011.
Retrieved 24 December 2007.
78. "ASIC discontinues proceedings against
directors of Melbourne mining company" (h
ttps://web.archive.org/web/201103231112
31/http://www.asic.gov.au/asic/asic.nsf/by
headline/08-148+ASIC+discontinues+proce
edings+against+directors+of+Melbourne+
mining+company?openDocument) (Press
release). Australian Securities and
Investments Commission. 4 July 2008.
Archived from the original (http://www.asic.
gov.au/asic/asic.nsf/byheadline/08-148+A
SIC+discontinues+proceedings+against+dir
ectors+of+Melbourne+mining+company?o
penDocument) on 23 March 2011.
Retrieved 4 September 2008.
79. "Pacific Financial Technical Assistance
Centre" (http://www.pftac.org) . PFTAC.
Retrieved 20 November 2012.

80. "FINANCIAL SNAPSHOT: 1 JULY 2020 – 31

JANUARY 2021" (https://www.gov.nu/wb/m
edia/2021/GON%20Snapshot%20Report%2
0of%20the%20Niue%20National%20Econo
my-%2031Jan21.pdf) (PDF). Department
of Finance and Planning. 1 April 2021.
Retrieved 19 June 2022.

81. "Niue Constitution Act 1974: section 7" (htt

ps://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/19
74/0042/latest/DLM412788.html) .
legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
82. "Niue: Country Classification" (https://www.
adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-doc
ument/752631/niue-country-classification.
pdf) (PDF). Asian Development Bank.
October 2021. p. 9. Retrieved 19 June 2022.

83. "12.5% Niue Consumption Tax from 1 April"

(https://web.archive.org/web/2009011600
1713/http://www.niuebusinessnews.co
m/) . Niue Business News. 26 February
2009. Archived from the original (http://ww
w.niuebusinessnews.com/) on 16 January
2009.

84. Rhoads, Christopher (29 March 2006). "On

a tiny island, catchy Web name sparks a
battle" (http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/0
6088/677770-96.stm) . Post-gazette.com.
Retrieved 26 June 2010.
85. "Niue government criticised over internet
stance" (http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.
php?op=read&id=36393) . RNZI. 13
November 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2010.

86. "WiFi Nation" (https://web.archive.org/web/

20181227093347/http://wifination.org/) .
WiFi Nation. Archived from the original (htt
p://wifination.org/) on 27 December 2018.
Retrieved 12 January 2020.

87. " 'Digital colonisation': A tiny island nation

just launched a major effort to win back
control of its top-level internet domain" (htt
ps://www.businessinsider.com.au/niue-nu-i
nternet-domain-reclaim-2020-12) . 16
December 2020.
88. Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles:
Niue (http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/d
oc/Counprof/southpacific/niue.htm) ,
United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization, January 2009.

89. Pollock, Nancy J. (1979). "Work, wages, and

shifting cultivation on Niue". Journal of
Pacific Studies. Pacific Institute. 2 (2):
132–43.

90. "Niue Agriculture Sector Plan 2015–2019"

(https://pafpnet.spc.int/attachments/articl
e/776/Niue-Agriculture-Sector-Plan-2015-1
9.pdf) (PDF). Department of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries. p. 12. Retrieved
19 June 2022.
91. Eagles, Jim (23 September 2010). "Niue:
Hunting the uga" (http://www.nzherald.co.n
z/travel/news/article.cfm?c_id=7&objectid=
10675036) . The New Zealand Herald.
Retrieved 30 October 2011.

92. "Pacific Success - Niue Vanilla

International" (https://www.pacifictradeinve
st.com/explore-our-work/insights/pacific-s
uccess-niue-vanilla-international) . Pacific
Trade Invest Australia. 8 January 2019.
Retrieved 19 June 2022.

93. Niue Agricultural Census 1989 – Main

Results (http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/tem
plates/ess/documents/world_census_of_a
griculture/main_results_by_country/Niue_1
989.pdf) , United Nations Food and
Agriculture Organization, 1989.
94. "Niue Tourism – Official Website" (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20140824231422/htt
p://www.niueisland.com/getting-niue) .
Archived from the original (http://www.niuei
sland.com/getting-niue) on 24 August
2014. Retrieved 4 June 2013.

95. Jo Moir (18 April 2016). "Foreign Affairs

minister Murray McCully denies link
between party donation and Niue contract"
(http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/7
9029273/foreign-affairs-minister-murray-m
ccully-denies-link-between-party-donation-a
nd-niue-contract) . Stuff.
96. Valerie Stimack (10 March 2020). "Pacific
Island Niue Becomes The World's First Dark
Sky Nation" (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0200311002331/https://www.forbes.com/s
ites/valeriestimac/2020/03/10/pacific-islan
d-niue-to-become-worlds-first-dark-sky-nati
on/#35ef6c334067) . Forbes. Archived
from the original (https://www.forbes.com/
sites/valeriestimac/2020/03/10/pacific-isla
nd-niue-to-become-worlds-first-dark-sky-nat
ion/#35ef6c334067) on 11 March 2020.
97. "Sailing Season Commences on Niue –
Niue" (https://web.archive.org/web/201308
28050155/http://www.niueisland.com/cont
ent/sailing-season-commences-niue) .
Niueisland.com. Archived from the original
(http://www.niueisland.com/content/sailing
-season-commences-niue) on 28 August
2013. Retrieved 23 August 2017.

98. "The Rock of the Pacific – Niue" (https://we

b.archive.org/web/20081120035724/http://
www.sailwhisper.com/logs/news_2004091
3.php) . 20 November 2008. Archived from
the original (http://www.sailwhisper.com/lo
gs/news_20040913.php) on 20 November
2008.
 99. "Niue Yacht Club – Damage NYC Mooring
#10" (https://web.archive.org/web/201407
10011446/http://nyc.nu/wp/2013/damage-
nyc-mooring-10#more-241) . Nyc.nu.
Archived from the original (http://nyc.nu/w
p/2013/damage-nyc-mooring-10#more-24
1) on 10 July 2014. Retrieved 23 August
2017.

100. Ainge Roy, Eleanor (27 October 2016).

"Land that debt forgot: tiny Pacific country
of Niue has no interest in loans" (https://ww
w.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/27/lan
d-that-debt-forgot-tiny-pacific-country-of-niu
e-has-no-interest-in-loans) . The Guardian.
Retrieved 23 August 2017.
101. "National E-commerce Assessment: Niue"
(https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/upl
oads/2021/02/NIUE-ECommerce-Assessm
ent.pdf) (PDF). Pacific Islands Forum.
2020. Retrieved 19 June 2022.

102. "Light Reading – Networking the Telecom

Industry" (https://web.archive.org/web/200
30721030739/http://www.unstrung.com/d
ocument.asp?doc_id=35876) .
Unstrung.com. Archived from the original (h
ttp://www.unstrung.com/document.asp?do
c_id=35876) on 21 July 2003. Retrieved
20 November 2012.
103. Creating a Wireless Nation (http://nuname
s.nu/about/Niuepaper2.pdf) Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/2012051013425
7/http://nunames.nu/about/Niuepaper2.pd
f) 10 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine,
IUSN White Paper, July 2003

104. "One laptop for every Niuean child" (http://n

ews.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7576573.st
m) . BBC News. 22 August 2008. Retrieved
27 March 2010.

105. "Niue schoolchildren all have laptops" (http

s://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-new
s/178910/niue-schoolchildren-all-have-lapt
ops) . RNZ. 22 August 2008. Retrieved
19 June 2022.
106. "Niue Pilot System" (http://openbts.sourcef
orge.net/NiuePilot/) .
Openbts.sourceforge.net. Retrieved
26 June 2010.

107. "NIUE'S MANATUA CABLE GOES LIVE AND

DELIVERS WORLD CLASS ULTRA FAST
FIBRE INTERNET" (https://pacificonline.or
g/niues-manatua-cable-goes-live-and-delive
rs-world-class-ultra-fast-fibre-internet/) .
Pacific Online. 24 May 2021. Retrieved
19 June 2022.

108. "Australia-Oceania : NIUE" (https://www.cia.

gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niue/) .
CIA The World Factbook. 16 November
2021.
109. "UNSD — Demographic and Social
Statistics" (https://unstats.un.org/unsd/de
mographic-social/products/dyb/#statistic
s) . unstats.un.org. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

110. Whitney, Scott (1 July 2002). "The Bifocal

World of John Pule: This Niuean Writer and
Painter Is Still Searching for a Place To Call
Home" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081
006204951/http://www.pacificmagazine.ne
t/issue/2002/07/01/the-bifocal-world-of-jo
hn-pule) . Pacific Magazine. Archived from
the original (http://www.pacificmagazine.ne
t/issue/2002/07/01/the-bifocal-world-of-jo
hn-pule) on 6 October 2008..
111. "John Pule and Nicholas Thomas. Hiapo:
Past and present in Niuean barkcloth" (htt
p://www.otago.ac.nz/press/booksauthors/
2005/pulethomas.html) . New Zealand:
Otago University Press. Retrieved
20 November 2012.

112. Bentley, Paulina. "Weaving the present" (htt

ps://www.aucklandmuseum.com/discover/
stories/pacific/weaving-the-present) .
Auckland War Memorial Museum.

113. "ARTBEAT" (https://www.stuff.co.nz/the-pre

ss/entertainment/arts/576835/ARTBEAT) .
Stuff. 23 July 2009. Retrieved 16 November
2021.
114. "Niue National Strategic Plan 2009 - 2013"
(https://pafpnet.spc.int/pafpnet/attachmen
ts/article/226/Niue%20%20NNSP%20200
9%202013%20(2).pdf) (PDF). Government
of Niue. p. 4. Retrieved 19 June 2022.

115. "Le Programme international pour le

développement de la communication de
l'UNESCO soutient le journal de Niue" (htt
p://www.unesco.org/webworld/fr/news/20
02/020118_pina.shtml) , UNESCO, 16 July
2002

116. Barnett, Jon; Ellemor, Heidi (2007). "Niue

after Cyclone Heta" (https://search.informit.
org/doi/abs/10.3316/ielapa.839358863015
639) . Australian Journal of Emergency
Management. 22 (1): 3–4.
117. Barnett, Jon (1 June 2008). "The Effect of
Aid On Capacity To Adapt To Climate
Change: Insights From Niue" (https://doi.or
g/10.1177/003231870806000104) .
Political Science. 60 (1): 31–45.
doi:10.1177/003231870806000104 (http
s://doi.org/10.1177%2F003231870806000
104) . ISSN 0032-3187 (https://www.worldc
at.org/issn/0032-3187) . S2CID 155080576
(https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:
155080576) .
118. Pasisi, Jessica Lili (2020). Kitiaga mo
fakamahani e hikihikiaga matagi he tau
fifine Niue: tau pūhala he tau hiapo Niue
women's perspectives and experiences of
climate change: a hiapo approach (https://h
dl.handle.net/10289/13380) (PhD thesis).
The University of Waikato.
hdl:10289/13380 (https://hdl.handle.net/10
289%2F13380) .

119. "Art & Culture" (https://www.niueisland.co

m/art-culture) . The Official Website Of
Niue Tourism. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
120. "Niue take Oceania Cup rugby union final"
(https://web.archive.org/web/2008091622
1921/http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/new
s/stories/200809/s2352343.htm?tab=spor
t) . Radio Australia. 1 September 2008.
Archived from the original (http://www.radi
oaustralia.net.au/news/stories/200809/s2
352343.htm?tab=sport) on 16 September
2008.
121. "Commonwealth Games: How a 'frankly
embarrassing' selection dispute soured
Niue's shot at lawn bowls success" (https://
www.stuff.co.nz/sport/commonwealth-ga
mes/129520042/commonwealth-games-ho
w-a-frankly-embarrassing-selection-dispute-
soured-niues-shot-at-lawn-bowls-success) .
Stuff. 10 August 2022. Retrieved 14 March
2023.

Further reading
Niue, the Pacific island struggling to
cope as its population plummets (http
s://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/j
ul/13/niue-pacific-island-struggling-pop
ulation-new-zealand#comment-3810448
1)
Chapman, Terry M. (1976) – The
Decolonisation of Niue.

Hekau, Maihetoe & al., Niue: A History of

the Island, Suva: Institute of Pacific
Studies (USP) & the government of Niue,
1982 [no ISBN]
Loeb, Edwin M. (1926) – History and
Traditions of Niue.

Painter, Margaret and Kalaisi Folau

(2000) – Tagi Tote e Loto Haaku, My
Heart Is Crying a Little: Niue Island
Involvement in the Great War, 1914–
1918.

Smith, Percy – Niue-fekai (or Savage)

Island and its People.
Sperlich, Wolfgang B. (2012) – Tohi
Vagahau Niue/Niue Language Dictionary:
Niuean-English, with English-Niuean
Finderlist.

Thomson, Basil C. (2012) – Savage

Island: An Account of a Sojourn in Niue
and Tonga.

James P Terry and Warwick E Murray

(edited by) - Niue Island: Geographical
Perspectives on the Rock of Polynesia
International Scientific Council for Island
Development (INSULA), UNESCO,
ISBN 9299002304.
SPREP, Rod Hay and Ralph Powlesland,
Compiled by Joanna Sim –Guide to Birds
of Niue

Tregear, Edward, "Niue: or Savage

Island" (http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/
document/Volume_2_1893/Volume_2%
2C_No.1%2C_March_1893/Niue%3A_or_
Savage_Island%2C_by_Edward_Tregea
r%2C_p_11-16/p1?action=null) , The
Journal of the Polynesian Society, vol.2,
March 1893, pp. 11–16
W R Sykes – Contributions to the Flora of
Niue

Dick Scott (1993) – Would a Good Man

Die
External links
Niue
at Wikipedia's sister projects

Definitions
from
Wiktionary
Media from
Commons
News from
Wikinews
Quotations
from
Wikiquote
Texts from
Wikisource
Textbooks
from
Wikibooks
 Resources
from
Wikiversity
Travel
information
from
Wikivoyage

Government
Niuean Government (http://www.gov.n
u/) official site
General information
Niue (https://www.cia.gov/the-world-fac
tbook/countries/niue/) . The World
Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.

Niue (https://web.archive.org/web/2008
0607085350/http://ucblibraries.colorad
 o.edu/govpubs/for/niue.htm) from UCB
Libraries GovPubs

Niue (https://curlie.org/Regional/Oceani
a/Niue) at Curlie
Wikimedia Atlas of Niue
Travel
Niue Tourism Office (http://www.niueisla
nd.com)

Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Niue&oldid=1161988239"

This page was last edited on 26 June 2023, at

08:53 (UTC). •
Content is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless
otherwise noted.