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    MACHINE DESIGN Part2

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    MADHESWARAN S
    This document discusses the design of shafts and couplings. It covers types of shafts, materials used for shafts, manufacturing of shafts, stresses in shafts, and methods for designing shafts subjected to twisting moments, bending moments, and combined loads. Design is based on strength, rigidity, and stiffness. Maximum permissible stresses are provided according to ASME standards. Theories for combined twisting and bending moments include maximum shear stress and normal stress theories. Rigidity considerations include torsional and lateral rigidity.

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    MACHINE DESIGN Part2

    Uploaded by

    MADHESWARAN S
    7 views16 pages
    This document discusses the design of shafts and couplings. It covers types of shafts, materials used for shafts, manufacturing of shafts, stresses in shafts, and methods for designing shafts subjected to twisting moments, bending moments, and combined loads. Design is based on strength, rigidity, and stiffness. Maximum permissible stresses are provided according to ASME standards. Theories for combined twisting and bending moments include maximum shear stress and normal stress theories. Rigidity considerations include torsional and lateral rigidity.

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    This document discusses the design of shafts and couplings. It covers types of shafts, materials used for shafts, manufacturing of shafts, stresses in shafts, and methods for designing shafts subjected to twisting moments, bending moments, and combined loads. Design is based on strength, rigidity, and stiffness. Maximum permissible stresses are provided according to ASME standards. Theories for combined twisting and bending moments include maximum shear stress and normal stress theories. Rigidity considerations include torsional and lateral rigidity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views16 pages

    MACHINE DESIGN Part2

    Uploaded by

    MADHESWARAN S
    This document discusses the design of shafts and couplings. It covers types of shafts, materials used for shafts, manufacturing of shafts, stresses in shafts, and methods for designing shafts subjected to twisting moments, bending moments, and combined loads. Design is based on strength, rigidity, and stiffness. Maximum permissible stresses are provided according to ASME standards. Theories for combined twisting and bending moments include maximum shear stress and normal stress theories. Rigidity considerations include torsional and lateral rigidity.

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    UNIT - II

    Design of Shafts and Couplings

    Design of Shafts
    1
    Shafts
    1. Rotating machine element

    2. Tangential force and the resultant torque (or twisting moment)

    3. Pulleys, gears etc.,

    4. keys or splines.
    Types:

    1.Cylindrical, but may be square or cross-shaped in section.

    2. An axle, though similar in shape to the shaft, is a stationary machine element and

    is used for the hoisting drum, a car wheel or a rope sheave.

    3. A spindle is a short shaft that imparts motion either to a cutting tool (e.g. drill press

    spindles) or to a work piece (e.g. lathe spindles).


    2
    Material Used for Shafts
    The material used for shafts should have the following
    properties :
    1. It should have high strength.
    2. It should have good machinability.
    3. It should have low notch sensitivity factor.
    4. It should have good heat treatment properties.
    5. It should have high wear resistant properties.
    Manufacturing of Shafts
    1.Shafts are generally manufactured by hot rolling and finished to size by cold

    drawing or turning and grinding. The cold rolled shafts are stronger than hot rolled

    shafts but with higher residual stresses.

    2. The residual stresses may cause distortion of the shaft when it is machined,

    especially when slots or keyways are cut.

    3.Shafts of larger diameter are usually forged and turned to size in a lathe.

    4
    Types of Shafts
    1. Transmission shafts.
    Pulleys, gears etc., therefore they are subjected to
    bending in addition to twisting.
    2. Machine shafts.
    These shafts form an integral part of the machine
    itself. The crank shaft is an example of machine shaft.

    5
    6
    Stresses in Shafts
    The following stresses are induced in the shafts :

    1. Shear stresses due to the transmission of torque (i.e.


    due to torsional load).

    2. Bending stresses (tensile or compressive) due to the


    forces acting upon machine elements like gears,
    pulleys etc. as well as due to the weight of the shaft
    itself.

    3. Stresses due to combined torsional and bending


    7
    Maximum Permissible Working Stresses for
    Transmission Shafts
    ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers
    Tension or Compression
    (a) 112 MPa for shafts without allowance for keyways.
    (b) 84 MPa for shafts with allowance for keyways.

    Shear Stress
    (a) 56 MPa for shafts without allowance for key ways.
    (b) 42 MPa for shafts with allowance for keyways.

    8
    Design of Shafts
    The shafts may be designed on the basis of

    1. Strength

    2. Rigidity and stiffness

    (a) Shafts subjected to twisting moment or torque only,

    (b) Shafts subjected to bending moment only,

    (c) Shafts subjected to combined twisting and bending moments,

    (d) Shafts subjected to axial loads in addition to combined


    torsional and bending loads.

    9
    1. Shafts Subjected to Twisting Moment

    10
    11
    2. Shafts Subjected to Bending Moment

    12
    13
    Shafts Subjected to Combined Twisting
    Moment and Bending Moment
    When the shaft is subjected to combined twisting moment and bending
    moment, then the shaft must be designed on the basis of the two moments
    simultaneously. Various theories have been suggested to account for the
    elastic failure of the materials when they are subjected to various types of
    combined stresses.
    1. Maximum shear stress theory
    2. Maximum normal stress theory

    14
    15
    Design of Shafts on the basis of Rigidity
    1. Torsional rigidity.
    2. Lateral rigidity.
    1. Torsional rigidity.

    16

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