Coursebook BP B2+ Keys

Answer key
6A
Unit 1 Market research 1 online
2 focus
1.1 Market research methods 3 customer
4 in-depth
1 5 desk
Possible answers 6 launch
1 It gives them information to help them set 7 target
strategies and make business decisions. They 8 sample
can also find out what their competitors are doing.
2 Students’ own answers 6B
3 They get information about potential customers or adjective + noun: online surveys, primary research,
target audiences as they discover peoples’ opinions in-depth interviews, secondary research
and attitudes to their products. verb + noun: launch a product,
noun + noun: focus groups, customer satisfaction,
2 desk research, target audience, sample size
Possible answers: street/online surveys, focus
groups, personal interviews, observation and field 7
trials 1g
2c
3 3f
Basic points mentioned in video: 4h
Primary research: gathering new data from 5a
customers 6d
Secondary research: consists of data that already 7e
exists and is publicly available 8j
Methods: (online) surveys, focus groups, in-depth 9b
interviews, desk research 10 i
4 8
1 T (It can be used to help launch a new product 1 information to find out how good a product is
into the market and test its appeal. It can help 2 new data
a brand with its performance and effective 3 using market research tools
communications, …) 4 has
2 F (In order to generate the information needed, 5 people
some companies have in-house market research 6 watch their reactions to
teams while others outsource projects to specialist
companies.) 9
3 T (Primary research consists of gathering new Students’ own answers
data from consumers, and this can be in the form
of surveys, focus groups or in-depth interviews.) 10
4 F (Surveys gather responses from a large number Students’ own answers
of people … Focus groups bring together a small
number of carefully selected people to explore their
perceptions of a product or an issue.) 1.2 Working with a focus group
5 F (What you can also do is think about the sample
size you use when looking at a particular audience 1
and reducing that to make it more affordable.) Students’ own answers
6 T (Whether primary or secondary, the key to
useful market research is to plan carefully and 2
keep it relevant in order to gain the most valuable 1 diverse
feedback and insights on which future strategy can 2 participants
be based.) 3 criteria
4 target customers
5 5 moderator
Students’ own answers
3A
Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 1

Answer key
3B When the original sentence is positive, we add

1 T (It’s really important for us to gather information a negative tag, and vice versa.
on what customers or users really need, and their 1 Original sentence is negative so we add
attitudes towards new products or new ideas.) a positive tag.
2 T (My job as moderator is to ask questions and to 2 Original sentence is positive so we add
keep the discussion on topic.) a negative tag.
3 F (… I encourage people to speak out: … you are 3 Original sentence has no auxiliary so we use
very welcome to disagree with each other …) a form of ‘do’ in the tag.
4 F (… you are a diverse group …) 4 Original sentence has a negative adverb so
5 T (Thank you also for agreeing for this session to we add a positive tag.
be recorded; this is only so that I can listen to the 5 Original sentence uses ‘that’ so we use ‘it’ and
discussions again in case there is anything I missed a singular verb.
during the session.) 6 Original sentence has ‘someone’ so we use
‘they’ and a plural verb.
4
convenience, eating healthy food (calories and fat 10
in food), people’s jobs, where people work or study 1d
2f
5 3b
1 They work or study in the city centre. 4i
2 They don’t all go out. George brings something 5h
from home. 6j
3 No, some say they have 30 minutes and others 7g
an hour. 8e
4 They see the nutritional values, information about 9a
fat and calories in the food and if it is vegetarian or 10 c
vegan. They also see which restaurants offer each
meal and where the restaurants are. 11
5 Picking it up from the restaurant, eating it there 1 don’t they
or having it delivered. 2 isn’t it
3 have they
6 4 won’t there
She asks them rating questions by giving them 5 shall we
numbers between 1 and 10 and asking them to 6 do we
rate aspects of the app.
12A
7 Students’ own answers
1 impression Suggested answers:
2 appealing I’m sure we met at school, didn’t we?
3 features I think we come from the same home town,
4 expectations don’t we?
5 honestly We did sports together at school, didn’t we?
6 convinced Nobody in our class worked for a volunteer
organisation, did they?
8
Students’ own answers 12B
9A
1 is there
2 wouldn’t you 1.3 Communication skills:
3 doesn’t it Carrying out a needs analysis
4 are there
5 doesn’t it 1A
6 wouldn’t they 1 Open question
2 Leading question
9B
The general rule is to use be, an auxiliary or modal 1B
verb and the subject from the original sentence. Students’ own answers

Answer key
2 approach that they are not being listened to and

1 The money situation at Happenings isn’t good they are being ‘steamrollered’ into what they want
at the moment – they still haven’t made a profit. for the event.
2 Happenings has a special agreement with
Hebden Hall so they would be able to make 7A
a good profit by having the event there. 1 thoughts
3 She wants to give the clients (Overlander) the 2 feel
impression that they are choosing what they want 3 considered
while Prisha and David still have control of the 4 about
discussion. 5 interested
4 Not to frighten off the clients. 6 think
7 thought
3B
Option A 7B
1 She wants a top-class hotel. 1a open (the client is free to answer with any kind
2 Hardly any. Meghan is free to ask for whatever of event that they want)
she wants. 1b leading (the question here determines the kind
3 How they will be able to provide the things that of event, the location and the duration)
Meghan is asking for not just within the budget but
whilst also making enough of a profit to solve their 2a leading (a suggestion is being made within the
cash flow problems. question)
4 No, she wasn’t expecting Prisha and David to 2b open (the client is free to answer regarding the
agree to all of her demands. kind of outdoor event that they want. Note: this
question, in a different context could also be
Option B regarded as leading as it suggests the event will
1 She asks for more information. be outdoors).
2 She thinks the Overlander staff would love it.
3 She asks with a leading question, ‘how would you 3a leading (it suggests the venue for the event)
feel about us bringing in our own caterers …?’ and 3b open (it gives the client the opportunity to
then explains that it would mean providing a wider answer freely)
variety and better quality.
4 They have full control over how the meeting 4a open (it isn’t leading the client to any particular
progresses. type of entertainment)
4b leading (it is suggesting a party after the evening
5 meal)
The second meeting was more successful: Prisha
and David are able to use leading questions to 5a leading (suggesting a treetop adventure as the
guide Meghan towards the option that is more activity)
profitable for them. 5b open (asking the client to suggest the morning
activity. Note: in a different context, this could be
6 regarded as leading as it is suggesting the time
2 of day for the activity)
Possible answers
In the first meeting, the client is made to feel 6a leading (suggesting an exclusive restaurant as
that Prisha and David are taking on board all the place to eat)
her requests and, as an events company, this 6b open (asking the client what they would like
is what they are supposed to do. However, the to do. Note: in a different context, this could be
disadvantage is that Prisha and David are not regarded as leading as it is suggesting the time
in control of the proceedings and the clients of day for the activity)
expectations are getting out of control for the
budget allocated. 7a open (giving the client the opportunity to come
In the second meeting, Prisha and David are in up with the kind of activities that they would want)
control of the meeting from the beginning and are 7b leading (suggesting the type of activity)
guiding the client regarding what she wants for the
event. This means that David and Prisha ensure
that the event agreed on will not just be within
the margin but also leave them a profit. The
disadvantage is that the client might feel with this

Answer key
8 Effectiveness: It was a polite interruption which kept

Possible answers control of the situation and avoided a long and
1 How would the team feel about a parachute complex series of questions. The answer was
jump? focused, and directly addressed the concerns of the
2 Would your staff be interested in a trip to questioner about the sample size of growers in the
Barcelona? survey. The questioner gave a positive response to
3 What are your thoughts on the kind of restaurant the answer.
that you want?
4 Have you considered which facilities you’d like? 2 Q: Is twelve months realistic?
5 What do you think about taking the clients to A: Jon responds that it is a good point / question but
dinner? asks to deal with the question later in more detail.
Effectiveness: A positive response followed by
a request to deal with the topic in more detail later
1.4 Business skills: in a presentation is a standard and effective way
Dealing with questions to respect a question and keep control of the
presentation in terms of timing and sequence.
1
Possible answers 3 Q: Can I ask why growers are not concerned
Answering questions during the presentation about plastics? Why is that exactly?
presents the opportunity to deal with queries as A: Jon explains that the connection is bad, the
and when they arise within the context of the question cannot be heard well, and asks Hans
presentation. However, this may disrupt the flow. to dial back in, and then he moves on.
Answering questions at the end allows the Effectiveness: Polite and effective handling of
presenter to maintain their flow and to make the a technical issue. Asking the person to dial back
presentation as they had planned but it may result in gives the opportunity for a better connection.
in their not being enough time at the end for Moving on quickly avoids wasting time.
everyone to ask questions.
3C
2A 1 b clarify
Possible answers 2 d critical
1 To be perfectly honest, I don’t know. 3 e delicate topic
2 That’s not within the scope of today’s 4 a answer that
presentation. 5 c a little easier
3 That’s a valid point. Perhaps we can discuss
this further later. Question topic Answer
4 One question at a time, please. 1 How to change Can you clarify what you
5 I’ve already touched upon that matter. quickly mean by ‘change faster’?
6 I’ll be covering that later. 2 How to motivate Why do you think their
growers involvement is so critical?
2B 3 How to enforce This is a very delicate topic
Students’ own answers change with which we need to respond
growers (to stop to sensitively.
3A using plastics)
1 85 percent of customers want to see significantly 4 How to establish To be perfectly frank, I can’t
less plastic packaging within the next twelve a joint project with answer that at the moment.
months. growers
2 Supermarkets have committed independently to 5 How to create As I indicated a little earlier,
reduce plastic food packaging by 50 percent in the a competition for we need to involve
next 2 years. supermarkets Marketing.
3 The growers see the reduction of plastics to be
only of medium importance in their business
strategy; and don’t see a clear alternative. 3D
All these answers are effective question handling
3B strategies and range from clarification (1,2),
1 Q: Which customers were asked? hedging (3), honestly admitting inability to answer
A: Politely interrupted and confirmed that a wide (4) and referring back (5) to what had been said
sample of customers was included in the survey. earlier.

Answer key
4
A question you don’t5 Can you clarify what you
understand mean by ‘change faster’? 1.5 Writing:
A question which is 10 That's a very important Reports – Summary writing
not relevant question, but it’s not really
on our agenda today. 1
A question not for 9 Can we discuss this According to the customer survey, the majority
open discussion one-to-one after the sales of respondents were in agreement that the
meeting tomorrow? proposed logo and packaging changes would be
A question better 7 It’s for Purchasing to a good move. However, 10 percent of the 2,000
handled by someone create a joint project with respondents raised conserns = concerns that
else the growers. these changes did not match the luxury image
An angry question 2 I know many people feel of the brand. In adition = addition, just over one
strongly about this quarter beleived = believed that the current logo
question so … and packaging were fine and should not be
A redundant 1 As I indicated a little change = changed. Several customers suggest =
question earlier, we need to involve suggested that we should keep the current logo
Marketing. and just change the colour while others were
demanded that we use 100 percent recycleable =
A person who takes 6 Sorry to interrupt, but
recyclable materials. Some people even insisted
too long to ask I can answer that question
that there should be no packaging at all, as this
his/her question straightaway.
would be much more eco-friendlier = eco-friendly.
A question you 4 To be perfectly frank,
However, this is somewhat surprising given that
can’t answer I can’t answer that at the
our products can be easily damaged in transit.
moment.
Nevertheless, the survey confirmed that our
A question you 8 Sorry, we can’t hear you
image and reputation are instant = instantly
couldn’t hear very well. The connection
recognisable. As for result = As a result, the
is bad. Can you dial in
findings indicate that any changes we make
again?
should be minimal.
A sensitive question 3 This is a very delicate
topic which we need to 2A
respond to sensitively. 1 majority
2 agreement
5A 3 of the
Possible answers 4 raised
1 Let me put you in touch with a colleague who 5 match the (luxury) image
knows more about it. 6 over
2 I understand your frustration. As a solution, 7 confirmed
I suggest …, 8 instantly recognisable
3 If you can email me that question, I’ll respond 9 indicate
directly to you. Is that OK? 10 should be minimal
4 We covered that at the beginning of the
presentation when I talked about … 2B
5 That’s a good question but I’m afraid I don’t Possible answers
know the answer. However, I’ll … Who/What Opinions/ Findings
6 I’m afraid that question is outside the scope Actions
of today’s presentation.
A recent demonstrated our image has
customer that been damaged.
5B
survey the changes
were positive.
None of the felt that our image has
6
participants been damaged.
the changes
were positive.
None of the admitted that they would
participants never buy it.
Over half of felt that our image has
those surveyed been damaged.

Answer key
the changes
were positive. Unit 2 Give and take
Over half of admitted that they would
those surveyed never buy it.
2.1 Manager or mentor?
1
3A Students’ own answers
Model answer
According to a recent customer survey we carried 2
out about increasing our prices, the findings Students’ own answers
demonstrated that the majority of customers feel
that it is a bad idea to keep prices low by reducing 3
quality. In fact, only 10 percent of respondents Giving expert advice
indicated that they would change supplier if we Being a mentor
increased the prices. Despite this, a quarter of our Showing compassion
customers would be happy to pay more for high Being kind
quality, although many of them suggested that the Nurturing
price increase should not be more than 5 percent. Coaching
On the other hand, 15 percent of respondents Creating new opportunities
believed that our prices were already very high Opening new resources within a company
and a fifth of them were worried that they would Passing on advice
not be able to pass the increase on to their own Providing new opportunities to learn
customers. Creating trust
Developing honest and open relationships
3B
Model answer 4
We recently asked customers to complete a survey 1 results
to discover how we are doing and how we could 2 thoughtful
improve our service. According to our findings, the 3 community
majority of our customers were very happy with 4 provide
product quality. In fact, over half of those surveyed 5 loops
thought that it was excellent and about a third said 6 act
it was good. None of the participants believed it was 7 street
below satisfactory. Customers also indicated that 8 pace
they were happy with the speed of our deliveries.
However, regarding price, although most customers 5
felt that it was satisfactory, nearly a quarter Possible answers
disagreed. Furthermore, the majority of customers They develop a two-way relationship with their
raised concerns that our product range was poor. employees where both parties learn from each
The survey demonstrated that customer service other.
was mainly satisfactory but a fifth of customers had There’s a feeling of trust and honesty which
problems with it. Concerning value for money, none enhances people’s performance at work.
of our customers thought that it was excellent, but Mentoring leads to long-term success within
over half of them believed it was good. a company.
The biggest improvement over half our customers Employees are encouraged to develop which
would like to see is for us to offer bigger discounts improves their personal performance and, in turn,
for regular orders over €20,000. When asked what the performance of the company.
other improvements we could make, nearly
a quarter of respondents suggested that 6
communication could be improved because staff 1 nurturing
don’t respond to emails quickly enough. 12 percent 2 compassionate
of customers also suggested that we offer 3 evolve
a maintenance service for all our products. The 4 benefits
findings therefore demonstrate that we should look 5 isolated
at ways to improve our price structure and expand 6 mentoring
our product range. 7 leadership
8 mistrust
9 candid
10 feedback

Answer key
11 peers 8 It is very difficult for them to no longer be close

with former teammates.
7
1b 4A
2a emphasise
3c (It was acts of kindness combined with a friendly
4b culture that moderated risk-taking and reduced
5c health problems. – The sentence emphasises the
6a subject.)
(What another business had to do was become
8 tougher and … – The sentence emphasises the
1 cooperative atmosphere action.)
2 feedback
3 mutually beneficial 4B
4 isolated 1b
5 best interests 2d
6 nurturing 3a
7 leadership 4c
8 evolve
4C
9 1 The sentence starts with ‘It …’ and emphasises
Students’ own answers the CEO, which is the object.
2 The sentence starts with ‘The thing …’ and
10A/B/C emphasises the weekly meeting, which is a noun
Students’ own answers phrase.
3 The sentence starts with ‘It …’ and emphasises
the line manager, which is new information and is
2.2 Kindness or success? contrasted with ‘his colleagues’, which was already
known information.
1
4 The sentence starts with ‘What … ’ and
1c
emphasises that they will have to change the
2d
feedback loops (the action).
3b
4a
5
1 f (explanation d – verb phrase)
2
2 d (explanation b – subject)
Compassion among teammates is admirable but
3 a (explanation c – action)
managers have to take a different view.
4 e (explanation d – noun phrase)
5 b (explanation c – action)
3
6 c (explanation a – new information)
1 The unusual specification was that a candidate
should always ‘exude kindness’.
6
2 Employees behaved in a more positive way,
1 It was after the fire that he rehired his entire
those who gave and received felt happier in
workforce.
general, risk-taking was reduced and there were
2 What we will have to do is to rethink our
fewer health problems.
conditions of employment. / What we will have
3 Employees may feel that he or she broke a
to rethink are our conditions of employment.
promise if staff have to be let go.
3 It is the supplier in Mexico who my boss is
4 It is worse to keep staff if it negatively affects the
trying to reach.
business in the long term.
4 Something he always says (to his employees)
5 The owner of a textile company rehired all his
is (that) he will not break his promise to his
staff after a fire instead of sending jobs overseas
employees.
and caused a number of bankruptcies.
5 It was the boring work that made him leave,
6 The CEO found no problem balancing difficult
not the office atmosphere, which was pleasant.
decisions with empathy.
6 The most promising candidate for the vacancy
7 They do not need to be totally separate from each
seems to be the last person we will speak to.
other but they are very hard to balance.

Answer key
7A Option B
Students' own answers Advantages: David and Prisha come across as
professionals, and they also protect the image of
the company.
2.3 Communication skills: Disadvantages: They risk offending Meghan, by
Changing an agreement rejecting her ideas, and they also raise the
suspicions of Richard, who’s now wondering
1A/B whether they have a hidden agenda.
7A
2 1 b (d is also possible, but is not the phrase used
1 They didn’t take the lead in the meeting and this in the video)
has resulted in Overlander now having unrealistic 2 d (b is also possible, but is not the phrase used
expectations. It can’t be done within the budget, let in the video)
alone make a profit. 3f
2 She suggests being honest and accepting 4e
responsibility for misjudging the situation. 5a
3 He feels this approach will make Happenings 6c
look unprofessional.
7B
3B Possible answers
Option A Expressing honesty:
1 She is honest and wants to be transparent. I’ll be upfront here ...
She explains that they agreed to things they Believe me when I say that …
can’t actually deliver. Explaining your business ethic:
2 She is negative/unimpressed/not pleased; In our company, we firmly believe in …
she doesn’t understand why they accepted her We feel it is morally wrong to …
requests. Reassuring the client:
3 Incompetent, unprofessional, inexperienced. We have your best interests at heart when …
He says it hasn’t ‘filled him with confidence’. We have absolutely no intention of …
4 Possible answer: Not entirely successful, but Showing reflection / further analysis:
Meghan and Richard do at least seem prepared On further analysis …
to discuss the new proposal. On greater inspection …
Emphasising experience:
Option B After (15) years in the business …
1 She suggests the initial proposal could be As a result of much personal experience ...
improved.
2 She is somewhat offended as all the ideas 8
agreed on in the first meeting had come from her. 1 to be honest
3 She assures him that the new proposal will be 2 would rather discuss this face to face.
of the same standard and will make life easier 3 After careful consideration
for everyone. 4 Drawing on our company’s experience
4 Possible answer: This approach demonstrates 5 If the truth be told
a company that provides solutions. They come 6 am putting you first
across as professional and wanting to provide an
improved service for their clients. However, they
will need to make sure they demonstrate they aren’t 2.4 Business skills: Collaboration
just trying to lower costs and provide a lower quality
service in order to maximise their profit. 1
5
Option A 2A
Advantages: Prisha and David are honest and Ask quiet individuals to speak up / quieten louder
transparent, which means the business relationship individuals.
between the two companies is not harmed. Encourage people to say what they think; show
Disadvantages: However, Meghan and Richard are respect for and curiosity about ideas different to
not happy about it, and are left wondering whether their own.
Prisha and David know what they’re doing. Focus on common ground and shared objectives.

Answer key
2B 8 h: Manage different views positively

4B
3A 1 e: Paraphrase to ensure team understanding
1 10 percent 2 b: Include quieter individuals
2 to invest more in digital marketing 3 d: Make people engage with others’ ideas
3 In Germany and the UK, online sales are low for 4 c: Encourage people to be creative
this. People still buy luxury chocolate in stores. 5 h: Manage different views positively
People still respond well to traditional advertising. 6 g: Quieten louder individuals
4 She advises them to take a break and then see 7 a: Ask people directly for solutions
how they can come up with solutions. 8 f: Focus on common ground
3B
Patrizia tries hard to facilitate the meeting 2.5 Writing: Emails –
effectively. She introduces the topic clearly, Stating requirements
emphasising common interest and encourages
people to be open and creative to produce good 1
ideas and solutions. She invites people to speak by 1 have
name, and asks clear short questions to help 2 if
people express themselves. She reminds people to 3 to
stay open and not to dismiss others’ ideas too 4 out
quickly. Frank and Ray argue a little with each 5 were
other, and exclude Maria and Arun from speaking, 6 are
making the discussion unproductive. Patrizia 7 them
decides to stop the meeting and encourages people 8 with
to think about how to come up with solutions, which 9 order
is useful time out for the team. 10 win/get
3C 2
1 investment in website functionality 1 contact
2 He sees digital marketing as the main issue, not 2 Firstly
just the website. He says they are falling behind 3 would like
their competitors. 4 so that you can / in order to
3 send some data from the USA which shows the 5 speak to
impact of digital marketing on sales 6 Secondly
4 She asks Maria to prepare a business case for 7 is important
website investment and for Ray to liaise with Maria 8 to encourage customers/them
and give support. 9 prepare
10 Next
3D 11 you need to
In the second part of the meeting, Patrizia 12 for
continues to draw people into the meeting quite 13 arrange
skilfully and she encourages the participants to 14 Finally
engage with each other’s ideas and so builds on 15 expect you to
collaboration. 16 (in order) to
At the end of the meeting, she gives clear direction
to individuals on what they need to do next so that 3A
the meeting can be productive and lead to genuine Model answer
results. Dear Helena,
Further to our meeting this morning about how you
4A could meet your sales targets, I’m writing to confirm
1 f: Focus on common ground that you should:
2 c: Encourage people to be creative • prepare a feedback survey for all our existing
3 a: Ask people directly for solutions customers.
4 d: Make people engage with others’ ideas • follow this up with phone calls to individual
5 e: Paraphrase to ensure team understanding purchasing managers so that you can discuss
6 b: Include quieter individuals the results of the survey or encourage them to
7 g: Quieten louder individuals complete it if they fail to do so.

Answer key
• arrange meetings with current customers many aspects of people’s lives.’ Students may also
to encourage them to increase their orders and have additional and more detailed information about
in order to see if there are other ways we can M-Sente that they have picked up from the video,
help them. but at this point it is enough that they understand
• phone or email ten potential new customers the basic function and that it has been successful.
each week.
• arrange meetings with at least two new 3
potential customers each week. 1 T (Presenter: ‘In some sub-Saharan African
If you are successful implementing these actions, countries, like Uganda, less than a quarter of
then you should be able to meet your sales targets. the population have a bank account.’)
Best, 2 F (Joseph Arinaitwe: ‘Secondly, the cost of
Anita Sealake opening a bank account in this part of the world
is still very prohibitive. Thirdly, the cost of
3B maintaining a bank account is very high.’)
Model answer 3 F (It can be sending money person to person
Dear David, or to a business. Stephen Waiswa: ‘It is, in the
Further to our meeting this morning about how ordinary language, sending of money from one
you could improve your productivity, I’m writing to person to another.’ and Presenter: ‘Customers
confirm that there are a few things which you could can also use the system to send money to friends
do to improve your performance. and relatives …’)
Firstly, I would like you to plan your work better 4 T (Presenter: ‘An agent, usually a shopkeeper,
and in order to do that I think you should attend can accept your deposit and top up your balance,
a training course on time management. I attach which is saved to the SIM card in your phone.’)
details of suitable courses you could consider. 5 F (Presenter: ‘money can then be transferred
Secondly, it is important that you maximise the to another account through a text message for
use of your time so that you can have more time a small fee.’)
for customers. Therefore, I expect you to limit the 6 F (Presenter: ‘This system doesn’t require
amount of time you spend in your daily meetings an internet connection so people can use even
with the team to no more than 15 minutes. a very basic phone.’)
Next, I expect you to try to listen more actively to 7 T (Presenter: ‘It can be used to pay for anything
your team to make the most of their ideas. Several from food to gas and electricity.’ and Leonard
of them have complained that you have not been Massa: ‘People are going in for the service of
listening to their ideas and proposals. M-Sente because of the various services offered
And, finally, you need to delegate more tasks and like paying for utility bills.’ Also, Presenter:
not try to do everything yourself, which will leave ‘Customers can also use the system to send money
more time for customer interaction. The members to friends and relatives and can even have their
of your team need you to trust them and they need salary paid directly into their M-Sente account.’)
to learn to have more responsibility. 8 F (Presenter: ‘Mobile money services provide
If you are successful implementing these actions, financial freedom for people in developing countries
then I might be able to recommend you for and benefit the economy from the bottom up.’)
promotion.
All the best, 4
Ken Baring Students' own answers
5
Unit 3 Money matters 1 account(s)
2 accountant
3.1 Mobile banking 3 balance
4 bank
1 5 bank
Students' own answers 6 banker
7 branch
2 8 deposit
Suggested answers 9 financial
It’s a mobile payment / money transfer service 10 finance
and it’s been very successful in Uganda. Presenter: 11 pay
‘This is why the mobile money service M-Sente has 12 payment
become popular and has significantly improved 13 prohibit

Answer key
14 prohibitive/prohibited Have you withdrawn money from an ATM / cash

15 save dispenser recently? / How often do you usually
16 savings withdraw money from an ATM / cash dispenser?
17 top up
18 transaction 10 A & B
19 transfer Students' own answers
20 withdraw
6 3.2 Managing money

Suggested answers
1A
For example, ‘Pay by/in cash means to pay with
1 expenses = money that you spend on rent, food,
money using notes and/or coins.’
and things such as electricity, gas etc.; come up =
Payment methods involving a bank: cheques, credit
arise/happen unexpectedly
card, debit card, direct debit (e.g. to pay regular
2 set up = make the arrangements that are
monthly payments such as the rent and bills), and
necessary for something to happen, or establish;
a money order. Fees are something the bank may
a trust fund = money that belongs to one person,
charge customers, but they are not payment
but is controlled by another
methods.
3 get by (on) = have enough money to buy the
things you need, but no more; an allowance =
7
an amount of money that you are given regularly
1 rent
or for a special purpose, e.g. a monthly allowance;
2 account
grant = an amount of money given to someone,
3 orders
especially by the government, for a particular
4 banking
purpose e.g. a student grant, a research grant, etc.
5 debit
4 dip into = use some of an amount of money that
6 transfer
you have; savings = all the money that you have
7 finances
saved, especially in a bank
8 save
9 transactions
1B
10 fees
Students' own answers
11 cards
12 bills
2A
putting down a deposit on his accommodation,
8
buying clothes, heating, going out, eating out,
1 I hardly ever withdraw cash from ATMs.
public transport
2 It’s never safe to carry out banking transactions
on your phone.
2B
3 Paying by credit card is easy but the fees can
started working after school, lived at home, saved
be prohibitive.
money every month, inherited some money, got
4 Mobile banking means I never have to visit my
some money in a trust fund
local branch.
5 I always pay utility companies using direct debit.
3
Students’ own answers – also see summaries in
Exercise 4.
9A
Suggested questions
4
How did you/people use to bank before mobile
1 trouble
phones?
2 budget
When was the last time you checked your balance
3 rent
online?
4 debts
When was the last time you dealt with a bank
5 account
cashier in person?
6 allowance
When was the last time you looked at your bank
7 costs
balance on paper?
8 bills
Have you ever used your mobile phone for
9 mortgage
a (banking) transaction? When?
10 inherited
Have you visited your branch recently? / How often
11 unexpected
do you usually visit your branch?

Answer key
12 initiative final preposition is category 2, e.g. ‘I’m working

13 financial 45 hours a week but with so much to do I’m still
14 loan falling behind.’
5 7C
Students’ own answers carry on (e.g. spending money, living with your
mother)
6A cut down on (e.g. working long hours, using my
Aaron: put (a deposit) down, carried on, going out, credit card)
ran up, dip into, paid off, put up, cut down on, fall behind with (e.g. inputting the data, paying
eating out the rent)
Bethan: carried on, put (some money) by, set up, look forward to (e.g. meeting you on Friday, visiting
goes up, breaks down, get by on, taking out your New York office)
put off (e.g. talking to the bank manager, preparing
6B my presentation)
Aaron: put (a deposit) down [transitive], carried on look into (e.g. buying another property, investing in
(spending) [transitive*], going out [intransitive], ran a hedge fund)
up (huge debts) [transitive], dip into (his savings
account) [transitive], paid off (his debts) [transitive], 8
put up (his student allowance) [transitive], cut down 1 Many students have trouble getting by on
on (his transport costs) [transitive], eating out a student grant.
[intransitive] 2 I often put off making a record of my expenses.
Bethan: carried on (living with her mother) 3 It’s easy to save if you put by a little money / put
[transitive*], put (some money) by [transitive], set up a little money by each month.
(a trust fund) [transitive], goes up [intransitive], 4 I’ll pay back the money / pay the money back by
breaks down [intransitive], get by on (a low income) the end of the month.
[transitive**], taking out (a loan) [transitive] 5 I would ask my parents for money if I ran up
* carry on (meaning ‘continue’) in the summaries is huge debts.
transitive, but in other contexts it can be intransitive, 6 If we carry on spending like this, we’ll need to
e.g. ‘I’m too tired. I can’t carry on!’ take out a loan.
** get by on (meaning ‘survive with’) in Bethan’s 7 Are you looking forward to having your own
summary is transitive, but the associated verb get place after college?
by (meaning ‘survive’) is intransitive, e.g. ‘I don’t 8 Have you looked into opening a savings account?
earn a lot but I manage to get by.’
9A & B
7A Students' own answers
1c
2b 9C
3a Model answer
My friend Francesco graduated with a degree
7B in engineering and only US $1,000 in his bank
1 (transitive, separable): pay back, put by, put off, account. He started working full-time as a civil
run up, set up engineer on a US $32,000 salary after tax. He
2 (transitive, non-separable): cut down on**, look was lucky enough to have parents who let him
into, fall behind with***, look forward to* carry on living with them for low rent including
3 (intransitive, i.e. no object): carry on*, eat out food and bills. So he started paying off the loans
* carry on (meaning ‘continue’) when used alone with the highest interest rates. After tax, he was
is intransitive, e.g. ‘I’m too tired. I can’t carry on!’. paying about 65 percent of his salary on the student
In other contexts (as in the summary in Exercise 4), loan and 20 percent to his parents for rent and bills,
it can be transitive, e.g. ‘We carried on preparing for which left him about €13 per day. Living on only
the presentation even though we thought it might €13 a day meant he had to make changes: he
be cancelled.’ bought clothes only when necessary, he had to
** cut down on (meaning ‘reduce’) is in category 3 give up eating out, and he took up new hobbies
but when used without the final preposition is like hiking. But, economically, his best option was
category 2, e.g. ‘You drink too much coffee. You to pay the loans back as quickly as possible and
really should cut down.’ save money on paying high interest. It was
*** fall behind with (meaning to not do things fast depressing at first but then he got used to it and
enough) is in category 3 but when used without the

Answer key
paid off his student loans after four and a half 5

years. In Option A, Sonia just gives the facts and figures
of the event, focusing on the budget and the deals
that have been struck up with the vendors. The
3.3 Communication skills: advantage of this approach is that it provides the
Presentation styles information that is important to the Finance
Manager of Claremont. And it shows that
1 Happenings is on top of the business side of things.
Students’ own answers The disadvantage, however, is that it doesn’t make
for a very exciting presentation.
2A In Option B, Sonia is more dramatic in her
Possible answers approach. She appeals to the senses and asks
To know who you will be presenting to in order to her audience to visualise what the event will be
choose the correct tone and/or approach for your like. The advantage of this approach is it makes
presentation. This could involve knowing your for a more exciting and emotive presentation that is
audience’s job roles, business history, more likely to draw the client in. The disadvantage
demographic, personality traits, location, values, is that it does not provide the facts and figures that
interests, approach to business, etc. are still the most fundamental aspect of any
business.
3A
1 She is busy with the Overlander account. 7A
2 It’s a $40 billion industry. 1 opportunity
3 with images of a lavish and glamorous event 2 objective
4 that she is dealing with serious business people 3 visualise
and that with the Finance Manager being there, 4 aware
she will have to make sure her numbers add up 5 anticipation
6 attention
3B 7 Picture
Students’ own answers 8 breakdown
9 react
3C 10 think
Option A
1 The hotel is an art deco building which reflects 7B
the aesthetics of the perfume bottle. Fact-based:
2 By keeping the press out, people will be asking, I would like to take this opportunity to
‘What’s going on in there?’ My objective today is to
3 that they have struck a deal with an exclusive As you are all aware
florist who will give them a 60-percent discount in Now, turning our attention to
return for the coverage that the florist will get I’d like to give you a brief breakdown
4 dramatic, newsworthy, expensive, high (standard)
Appealing to emotions/senses:
Option B Try and visualise the looks on
1 by appealing to the clients’ senses and emotions [You / Your guests / They] will be able to feel
by asking them to visualise what the event will be the anticipation of
like Picture it
2 Possible answers: makes the event more Imagine how everyone will react when
exclusive; Claremont has full control of coverage Can you think of anything more
and can then choose who to sell the photos to and
for how much; celebrities can have more fun and
‘misbehave’ if they know that their image is being 3.4 Business skills:
protected by Claremont Defending your ideas
3 There will be thousands of flowers cascading from
enormous golden urns. 1
4 beautiful, sumptuous, extraordinary, historic, Students’ own answers
exclusive, perfect, enormous, incredible, magical,
expensive 2

Answer key
3A 7 advance
1d 8 assurance
2g 9 matter
3h 10 confidence
4a 11 forced
5b 12 resolution
6e
7c 2A
8f 1 express our deep dissatisfaction
2 you kindly resolve this matter
3B 3 do
1 A and C from Exercise 2: An app feature that 4 be forced to seek
tracks your spending and an app feature that gives 5 prompt response and resolution
you personalised tips linked to your spending All the phrases in the table are very formal (VF).
habits.
2 Her main objection is that they don’t have the time 2B
or budget to develop his ideas. She’s also Reason for writing
concerned about being distracted from their main It is with deep regret that I am writing to complain
strategy if they decide to add these new app ideas. about … (VF)
3 They reach agreement. Marianne agrees in We are very unhappy with your service. (SF)
principle to do Charlie’s first feature proposal now Action required
and the second one later, over time. The next step We expect you to solve this immediately … (SF)
is that Charlie will draft up a revised version of the We would appreciate immediate action on this
budget proposal. matter. (VF)
Warning
3C If you cannot sort this matter out, we will find
Charlie originally suggests option 2 for both app another supplier. (SF)
features. They agree on Option 2 for the feature If you do not reply immediately we shall have no
that tracks spending and Option 3 for the feature alternative but to … (VF)
that provides personalised tips. Closing
We hope to hear from you soon. (SF)
4A
1 reasons which warrant 3A
2 consider the big picture Model answer
3 best opportunity Dear Sir/Madam,
4 there might be objections We are writing to express our deep dissatisfaction
5 break down the main reasons with your bank and its customer service.
6 backing of others Yesterday you apparently closed one of our
business accounts without informing us. When we
4B contacted the bank, no-one was able to explain why
1 e (d is also possible but isn’t what was said in this had happened. Furthermore, you overcharged
the recording) us by €600 last month.
2 d (e is also possible but isn’t what was said in We request you kindly resolve this matter
the recording) immediately and re-open our account.
3a We have been customers of this bank for a very
4b long time so, if you do not reply to this letter
5c immediately, we shall have no alternative but to
close all our accounts with your bank.
We look forward to your prompt response and
3.5 Writing: Letter of complaint resolution.
Yours faithfully,
1
Sara Long
1 express
2 dissatisfaction
3B
3 notice
Model answer
4 overdraft
Dear Sir/Madam,
5 payments
I am writing to express my deep dissatisfaction
6 charged
with your customer service. You recently agreed to

Answer key
a loan for the company and had promised to send Pact’s growers in 2Vietnam Colombia has been
the contract as soon as possible. Unfortunately, this growing coffee for four generations and they’ve
morning we received a letter from you stating that often had to move 3part of their farm their whole
you were unable to give us the loan. Furthermore, farm to a higher altitude. Coffee plants need 4humid
you failed to give any reasons for this refusal. We wet and dry seasons to grow well.
are sure this must be an administration error on Illy is planning to 5decrease increase production.
your part. He says they might need to 6halve quadruple
I have tried calling you several times and have left productivity to satisfy demand. Training
messages for you to call me, but so far I have not programmes for 7managers growers offer benefits
heard from you. As you know, we need this loan in to 8companies like Illycaffè both sides: growers
order to purchase new materials for the business can protect their livelihood and coffee companies
and, if we do not have the money to do this, our protect their 9produce supply. 10Climate change
business will be in a very difficult situation, and can be stopped and Although climate change
may even fail. cannot be stopped, there are ways to embrace the
We have had a long relationship with the bank and challenge. / Climate change cannot be stopped
would appreciate immediate action on this matter. but there are ways to embrace the challenge.
Your customer service policy promises to resolve
any problem by the end of the next business day. 5
It is now three days since I first contacted you to Suggested answers
explain the situation and we still have received Construction and infrastructure can be
no communication from you. If you do not reply vulnerable to climate change because of their
immediately, I shall have no alternative but to design, e.g. low resistance to storms, or location,
contact your head office. e.g. in areas prone to floods, landslides,
I request immediate acknowledgement of this avalanches. They can be damaged by changing
letter and look forward to a prompt resolution to climatic conditions or extreme weather, e.g. rising of
this matter. sea level, extreme precipitation and floods, extreme
Yours faithfully, low or high temperatures, heavy snowfalls, strong
winds or storms, earthquakes.
Energy: More intense and frequent heat waves
Unit 4 Challenges will shift energy supply and demand patterns,
often in opposite directions. Further increases in
4.1 Environmental challenges temperature and droughts may limit the availability
of cooling water for thermal power in summer
1 (lowering energy supply), whereas demand for air
Students’ own answers conditioning will increase. In addition, more frequent
and intense extreme weather will threaten physical
2B energy infrastructure. Climate change also brings
Four words are not mentioned: decaffeinated, increased uncertainty in weather patterns. This has
farmer (though farms are mentioned), ground (this a direct negative impact in the long term on the
can relate to earth, which we see but which is not production of renewable energy. Some examples
mentioned, and also ground coffee, which we would be less sun or wind in certain areas, or more
neither see nor hear mentioned) and pesticides. droughts affecting crops intended for the production
of energy from biomass.
3 Insurance: The frequency and intensity of extreme
1 coffee company weather is expected to change significantly as
2 (coffee) producers a result of climate change. In the short term,
3 impact premiums would rise gradually and the insurance
4 Vietnam market would absorb such changes without
5 dark brown disruption. However, risk knowledge often
6 flood advances in ‘steps’, which can lead to jumps in
7 dried artificially the price over a short period. In the longer term,
8 stronger plants particularly in most vulnerable sectors or areas,
9 regulate water (irrigate also possible) climate change could indirectly increase social
inequality as insurance premiums become
4 unaffordable for some people.
Stephen Rapaport 0is a farmer at the founder of Tourism: economic consequences for regions
Pact Coffee. He says the best coffees need to grow where tourism is important can be substantial, but
in a 1broad (very) specific temperature band. One of this is also influenced by non-climatic factors, such

Answer key
as the ability of tourists to adjust the timing of their 3

holidays. The suitability of southern Europe for Suggested answer
tourism, for example, is projected to decline Because the ransomware targeted security
markedly during the summer months but improve weaknesses in inter-connected/web-connected
in other seasons. Central Europe is projected to devices and the use of bitcoin. (Bitcoin is a virtual
increase its tourism appeal throughout the year. currency that is bought with a credit card and
Projected reductions in snow will negatively affect doesn’t involve a bank, and is therefore less secure
the winter sports industry in many regions. than other types of online payment.) All connected
devices are vulnerable to this type of attack,
6 particularly if they are not updated regularly.
box A – coffee; box B - challenge The attackers chose organisations that would suffer
more if they did not recover their data quickly.
7 These organisations are easy to extort or blackmail
Dial 1 because they cannot afford for operations to stop.
Turn the dial two segments in a clockwise direction
or two segments in an anti-clockwise direction. 4
growing demand, high temperatures, sustainable 1 two thousand, Japan
solutions, unstable environment 2 Monday, appliance-ordering system
Dial 2 3 (Spanish) telecom, Germany
Turn the dial one segment in a clockwise direction 4 suffer greatly
or three segments in an anti-clockwise direction. 5 outdated operating systems, targeted
pose a threat, face difficulties, extreme weather, 6 bitcoin / virtual currency
humid atmosphere
Dial 3
Turn the dial one segment in an anti-clockwise 5A
direction or three segments in a clockwise direction. A had chosen; Past Perfect Simple
protect the environment, potential failure, predict B has existed; Present Perfect Simple
a problem, climate change C will have escaped; Future Perfect Simple
8 5B
1c Examples of the Past Perfect:
2a He (Suga) had been told* of a number of victims
3d in Japan.
4c Roughly 2,000 terminals at some 600 Japanese
5b IP addresses had been hit*.
6a A UK plant belonging to Japan’s Nissan Motor
had been targeted*.
9 Attackers had counted on victims being impatient
1 pose; threat to solve the problem that day.
2 difficulties (or challenges/problems); unstable *Note that these sentences use the Past Perfect
3 sustainable; growers/production passive form.
4 change; environment
Examples of the Present Perfect:
10A & B Many of those affected have reportedly paid up.
Students’ own answers Ransomware … has become more prevalent with
the spread of bitcoin.
4.2 Cyber challenges 6

b
1
7
1 will have become
2
2 have never done
1 outdated
3 will be using
2 spread
4 both are possible: will have integrated /
3 incompatibility
will integrate
4 update
5 will be
5 standstill
6 both are possible: is giving / has given

Answer key
7 both are possible: is not / has not been 1B

8 both are possible: had experimented / Suggested answers
experimented People pleaser
9 both are possible: had given us / gave us Prepare well and know what you can accept and
10 never change can’t accept in a negotiation, otherwise you will
always be in a ‘lose’ position. Know your best
8A & B alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA) and
Students’ own answers be prepared to say ‘no’ and walk away.
8C Strong and uncompromising

Model answer Think about the impact on relationships if you
Technological challenges in the workplace always want to get your way. This approach is
One of the biggest workplace challenges that we fine for one-off deals where you are not damaging
have faced recently is cyber security. The number your reputation but not for building good long-term
of online devices in the world, and the lack of relationships. Listen and empathise with the
privacy concerning our personal data has meant other side. Be prepared to compromise or look
that it is much easier for hackers to use malware for win-win solutions.
and ransomware. We have seen how fast
cyberattacks can spread: they will have 2
threatened thousands of organisations and 1 a new ‘green’ policy
institutions worldwide by the time your IT staff are 2 comply with their “environmental standards”
able to stop them. and have an international (ISO) environmental
Another technological challenge is that we have certification
had to learn to live with 24-hour connectivity and 3 say ‘no’ and stand their ground firmly (because
be more flexible. Even though my company has it wasn’t discussed as part of the bid)
given us training on mindfulness and relaxation 4 She says it’s not Meghan’s fault because they are
techniques, living with stress has become a way of ‘orders from on high’. She also feels that they can’t
life for me and my co-workers. 24-hour connectivity just say ‘no’ as they need the business.
means that clients, suppliers, colleagues, family
and friends expect you to respond quickly, often 3A
in real-time. I imagine in five years’ time it will Students’ own answers
probably have become even more difficult to
separate our professional from our personal lives. 3B
Maintaining a good work-life balance will continue Option A
to be the biggest challenge for me. I only hope we 1 All suppliers must have the ISO 14001
will have learnt how to deal with these challenges certification.
more effectively by the time I retire! 2 They explain that there isn’t time to do the
audits before the event and the ISO certification
has major cost implications for them (and their
4.3 Communication skills: subcontractors).
Saying 'no' firmly and politely 3 That they start the ISO certification process.
Prisha sees the benefit of that but doesn’t want to
1A incur extra costs at this stage.
Suggested answers 4 It ends in stalemate as Meghan and Richard
People pleaser aren’t willing to provide any extra budget to make
Pros: you avoid conflict; you favour a perceived the event greener.
harmony in personal and professional relationships
Cons: you get stressed and frustrated by saying Option B
‘yes’ to things all the time, such as extra work; 1 Prisha mentions it will take at least four to
people will take advantage; you never get what six months.
you want 2 Prisha does by suggesting that they can take
Strong and uncompromising other measures to make the event greener.
Pros: you are in a stronger position to get what 3 to make it greener by getting the outdoor caterers
you want in one-off negotiations to use biodegradable tableware and recycling bins
Cons: there are risks to long-term relationships, 4 They don’t want to lose money on this contract
potential for conflict, especially when dealing with with Overlander.
people with a similar attitude, and resentment from
others who always give in to you

Answer key
4 9 Let’s put our heads together and [see if we

Suggested answers can find some other ways].
By staying firm when saying ‘no’ and giving clear 13 What if [the outdoor caterers] were to [use
reasons this forces the client, Overlander, to come some eco-friendly tableware]?
up with a solution that everyone can live with. The 15 Would you be willing to [take on the additional
risk is that Overlander perceive Happenings as costs] if we were able to [make these changes]?
inflexible.
The collective responsibility approach shows that 7B
Prisha and David want to help but can’t, and that Students’ own answers
they have tried to come up with a solution
themselves before the meeting. Their offer to 8A
collaborate on more ideas has the risk that it Students’ own answers
could incur them extra costs on this project.
9A
1 Their firm approach ensures Happenings won’t
have any extra expenses on this project. However,
there may be a risk that they won’t get another 4.4 Business skills:
project from this client if they’re perceived as Challenging conversations
inflexible.
2 It’s useful to explore options and reach 1A
a compromise where possible, especially if Fatima annoyed her manager by pushing for an
resources or extra time can be found. This helps answer that her manager was clearly trying to
to preserve the relationship, and in the case of avoid. As a result, communication between the
Happenings, there may be more likelihood of two has since broken down.
future projects from Overlander. However, the
risk is Happenings loses its profit margin on this 1B
particular project. Possible answers
Fatima’s persistence in talking about the issue
6 might have been perceived as pushy or aggressive.
Students’ own answers Maybe this is why her boss became defensive. She
could have backed off, realising it was a bad time,
7A and approached her manager at another time when
Saying ‘no’ she was in a better mood.
1 There’s no way [we’ll be able to get certified Fatima could have worded it differently so as not to
in just ten days]. imply that her manager’s ability to do the job was
4 Besides that, [there are major costs involved]. inadequate and, therefore, placing too much stress
5 For one thing [we’d have to pass a series of on her.
audits].
6 For this precise reason, [we can’t get our 2
subcontractors to do it]. There is no explicitly correct answer here. What is
11 To put it simply, [there just isn’t time]. important is that students reflect on and discuss
their answers to the questions and give their own
Showing empathy / mutual understanding ideas based around this topic.
2 [I/We] can see that this puts [you] in a difficult
position. 3A
7 It’s in [all our] interests to [find a satisfactory A: Abilities and skills
solution]. 2 strong PowerPoint, Excel and Word skills
10 [We] appreciate that [your green policy is 3 team player
important]. 5 structured and analytical
12 [I/We] totally understand [you didn’t know]. 8 experience in project planning
14 We all want to [avoid a situation where it gets 9 proven ability to influence others and drive
cancelled]. meaningful change
10 good listener
Exploring options
3 Let me tell you what [we can do]. B: Role-related responsibilities
8 If you were to just [start the process now], 1 work with other team leaders to align corporate
would that [work for you]? strategy

Answer key
4 meet monthly and quarterly key performance 2B

indicators (KPIs) Introductory phrases Specific advice
6 work with the sales teams to develop promotional A reasonable produce a new low-cost
campaigns approach would be to product.
7 help develop a flexible working scheme in Based on our we investigate possible
the office research, it is courses of action
11 support the implementation of customer software essential that immediately.
12 supply monthly reports Having considered all you may want to change
the options, your procedures.
3B In my opinion, the should invest in
1 She’s disappointed because she feels she got company a consultant.
passed over for a promotion.
2 Martin says the team she is currently a member 3B
of would struggle if she had left them, to which she Model answer
agrees. Taking all the factors mentioned into account, the
3 She has met all her KPIs in the past nine months research indicates several courses of action to
and also worked outside her role when it was improve our green footprint. It is clear that there
necessary. is a lot of waste in the company. I would like to
4 They agree that she will receive training for a new recommend that the first thing the company do is
future role. carry out a waste review of the whole organisation.
It would be advisable to ensure we only use
3C reusable pens and recycled paper in the offices.
Daniela uses the following strategies: 1, 3, 5, 6, 8 In addition, we should recycle unwanted computers
and other devices, so we need to look for a local
4 business that does this. Furthermore, I recommend
Focus on the facts not the person: 2, 8 that we review our purchasing policy to ensure that
Confirm you’ve understood: 3, 5 everything we buy is manufactured sustainably and
Find the positives: 1, 7 does not contain toxic substances. We should also
Ask questions to learn more: 4, 9 avoid replacing old office furniture wherever
Collaboratively identify a way forward 6, 10 possible and donate it to charity or try to refurbish it
so it can still be used. Another area to look at is our
energy supply. In my opinion, it would be advisable
4.5 Writing: to use an alternative energy supply such as wind or
Proposals - Recommendations solar. Finally, we should encourage staff to consider
the environment at all times, especially their use of
1 paper, water, plastic and energy. It would be a good
1 an idea to stop using plastic cups in drinks machines
2 that and ask staff to bring their own mugs and water
3 order bottles to work. Finally, we should encourage staff
4 too to leave their cars at home and use public transport
5 would more.
6 more
7 for
8 not
9 of Unit 5 Global mobility
10 have
5.1 Secondments abroad
2A 1
1 recommend Students’ own answers
2 develop
3 advisable 2A
4 provide Students’ own answers
5 good idea
6 look into 2B
c

Answer key
3 2 Will I be able to cope without knowing the

1 a, c language?
2 b, c 3 How expensive is the standard of living there?
3 a, c 4 Is there anything I need to know about Thailand
4 b, c before I make my decision?
5 a, b I look forward to your reply.
Many thanks,
4 Peter
9C & D
1c
2f
3h 5.2 Relocation and retention
4d
1A
5a
1 found in many places, wide-ranging
6e
2 a business that sells a particular company’s
7g
product, especially cars
8b
3 from the beginning
4 completely developed, trained or established
6
5 a shop, company or organisation where products
1 adopt
are sold which is not owned by the producer of the
2 assignment
products
3 compensation
6 not having enough people to fill particular jobs
4 globalised
5 immigrate
1B
6 mobile/mobilised
7 process
8 relocated
2A
9 ship
Possible answers
10 taxation
That if a company can accommodate an employee
who needs to move to another place, the company
7
will keep that employee and his/her skills set.
1 international network
Employees should be able to move freely to
2 assignment
other parts of the country where their employer
3 brief
has a branch/store.
4 settle in
5 pay a deposit
2B
6 shipping/relocation
B
8
3
1 T (‘… an unusually broad-based effort in labor-
scarce Japan.’)
9A
2 F (‘… has created a rehiring support network
covering about 130,000 full-fledged workers …’)
3 F (‘… thus making it easier for them to be rehired
9B
at terms similar to their old workplace.’)
Model answer
4 T (‘Toyota does not own equity stakes in most of
Dear Jane,
these auto sellers.’)
I hope this email finds you well.
5 T (‘The program aims to prevent work-ready
I currently have the chance to study in Thailand
talent going to competing automakers’ dealership
for a year as part of my course. However, before
networks …’)
I make a decision, I wanted to ask you a few
6 F (‘Women make up more than a tenth of the
questions as you have been living there for
employees covered …’)
a number of years:
1 Do you think I will be able to settle in quickly
4A
as it’s very different from where I live now?
b

Answer key
4B Possible cons:
Rarely … 1 For the manager, with many employees it is time-
Not only … but also … consuming and stressful.
Little … 2 For the employee, it is demotivating to get
The subject and auxiliary immediately afterwards criticism of performance, especially if it’s perceived
are inverted. as unfair or all the manager focuses on are ‘bad’
points in the review. It can feel like a waste of time
5 if not done right.
1 Little did she imagine …
2 Not only did they have to … but they also 2
had to … 1 She tells him he did great work on Saturday.
3 Seldom have I heard … 2 (almost) six months
4 Not until he began the job did he realise that … 3 Possible answers: Possibly nervous: she
5 Only by accepting the opportunity will you isn’t sure how to approach it because of her
understand … inexperience. Should she get straight to the point
6 Not once did they tell her that … or let Otto do the talking and give him the chance
to open up?
6 4 He wants an opportunity to talk about how he
1 Not only feels about the job. He expects the feedback to
2 No sooner be good.
3 Only
4 Under no circumstances 3B
5 Not until Option A
6 Not once (Rarely) 1 He’s achieved a lot in his role, he’s excelled
at making sure everything runs smoothly, he’s
7A/B provided strong evidence of problem-solving skills
Students complete sentences about themselves and he’s consistently imaginative when dealing
beginning with phrases that require inversions. with last-minute hiccups. He has a natural rapport
They then ask each other questions about their with clients and suppliers.
sentences in pairs. 2 He’s not organised with his admin work and
needs to improve.
3 He asks for a specific example.
5.3 Communication skills: 4 That team cooperation is important / he must
Giving feedback on performance consider the needs of his colleagues.
5 He gets a chance to respond to Prisha’s feedback
1 but not to contribute his own views and feelings.
Students’ own discussion of experiences (if any)
of performance review. Every manager is different Option B
and will take somewhat different approaches to 1 by asking Otto how he would describe his
performance reviews, so people may have had performance over the last six months
positive and negative experiences in the past. 2 the contact with lots of different kinds of people
Some managers and employees may do very 3 the multi-tasking – it’s hard to prioritise
little preparation. Others will gather evidence of 4 Communication with the team in the office,
tasks well done and be prepared to talk about any especially regarding the invoices. Yes, he does
challenges they had, things they’d like to improve agree.
and areas for development and career progression. 5 to make a plan for improvement before the next
review and for Otto to speak to accounts to see how
Possible pros: he can handle the invoices better
1 For the manager, it’s an opportunity to give the
employee feedback on performance, discuss how 5
well goals were accomplished, and develop Option A
employee goals for the coming year. Pros:
2 For the employee, it is motivating to get praise  more efficient
for a job well done. It’s also a chance to clarify  avoids confusion
expectations and discuss issues with their  clear, honest and fast
manager.  some people prefer to receive feedback this way

Answer key
 best when talking to a young, inexperienced personality and maturity, she may respond well
employee or when an issue needs to be dealt to the ‘interactive’ approach.
with as quickly as possible As Josef is experienced, it may be better to start
Cons: off with an ‘interactive’ approach to find out why
 missed opportunity for the person on the he is neglecting certain tasks and encourage him.
receiving end of the feedback to air their views Ultimately though, his manager may have to be
and express their feelings more ‘directive’ if his poor performance persists and
 can seem rude and authoritarian is negatively affecting the company’s marketing
efforts and sales.
Option B
Pros:
 explore a person’s perceptions of their job 5.4 Business skills: Presentations
performance 1
 it’s more inclusive Students’ own answers
 person receiving feedback feels that their
opinion is welcome and valid 2A
 person receiving feedback may provide new Students’ own answers
insights
Cons: 2B
 can take longer to be effective simply to travel
 time-consuming to meet new people
 might not always be clear that certain to see great places
behaviours need to improve to learn new languages
to develop cultural understanding
7A to develop a global business understanding
1 in particular for personal development and growth
2 thoughts on
3 describe 3
4 handling Students’ own answers
5 improve on
6 room for 4A
7 evidence of 1 the opportunity to learn about the ‘customer’ /
8 rewarding build customer relationships
9 excelled at 2 the opportunity of a fast-track promotion
10 achieved 3 the opportunity to become really open and
11 lack creative, and able to drive innovation
7B 4B
‘Directive’ approach: 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 1 Some buy their products for Cafaxel’s technology,
‘Interactive’ approach: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 some for their design, and others for their price.
2 It’s a requirement to reach senior level in Cafexel:
7C to have worked in three countries, to have three
1e languages, and to have experience of three
2f different job functions.
3a 3 Travelling helps people understand the world and
4b to make a difference to future generations by
5d thinking internationally and taking responsibility in
6c order to make a positive contribution to the planet,
Positive: 2, 3, 6 which is a core value in Cafexel.
Negative: 1, 4, 5
5
8 Highlight the positives
Suggested answer 5 This alone can undoubtedly enable you to have
As Tatiana is young and inexperienced, she may a successful career.
need a more ‘directive’ approach to help her State two advantages together for impact
organise her study time better and to be less 7 This gives you the twin benefits of a bigger
distracted in class. However, depending on her network and a better career.

Answer key
Give data to defend an argument The only downside is that I’m finding it a bit
2 Data on early career travel proves without difficult to adapt at the moment.
doubt that this is a reality. Conclusion
Reduce negative risks I will have a much better understanding of how
4 Even if things don’t go well, you’re still be able the business functions after this secondment.
to come home.
Simplify to make a clear point 3A
3 In a nutshell, travel is not an option, it’s an It’s too short. The language is too informal and
obligation. very little detail is given. It needs to have longer
and more descriptive sentences.
Suggest easy steps for success
6 It’s simply a matter of taking a look at our website. Model answer
Emphasise possible lost opportunities Hello from Malta!
1 Without this, it’s unlikely that you’ll ever reach As you know, thanks to the company secondment
a top leadership position. scheme, I am now in the Malta office.
I arrived here last month and stayed in a hotel for
6A & B the first few days. I started work the following
Students’ own answers Monday and managed to find a flat on the Tuesday.
Malta’s a great country and the weather is fabulous.
7A–C It’s warm and sunny most of the time. My
Students’ own answers colleagues are also very friendly. The only
downside is that the flat is very small and noisy,
but I’m sure I’ll get used to it.
5.5 Writing: Blog post describing I love working here and can highly recommend
relocation a secondment.
1 3B
1 local Model answer
2 new Hello from Brazil!
3 first As you know, as part of the company secondment
4 busy scheme, I am now in Brazil. It’s so different from
5 excited anywhere I’ve been before.
6 last My family and I arrived last month after a long and
7 amazing tiring flight. The local manager met us at the airport
8 ideal and subsequently took us straight to the company
9 challenging apartment, which is right in the centre of the city.
10 global I went to work the day after we arrived and was
introduced to everyone in the central office. The
2A following day I was given a tour around the Sao
1 thanks to Paolo offices, which was very informative.
2 subsequently It’s very interesting to learn how the Brazilian
3 finally office operates and life in Brazil is certainly living
4 Although up to expectations. The only downside is that the
5 (is both rewarding and challenging and) is apartment is a little small but, on the other hand,
giving me we are right in the city centre so it’s very
6 living up to (our) convenient. Although not speaking Portuguese
7 will be beneficial before coming wasn’t ideal, I’m now learning fast
8 highly recommend because the company is paying for me to have
private lessons. All my colleagues are extremely
2B friendly and helpful and nearly everyone in the
Background information company speaks good English.
As part of the company work exchange I am absolutely certain that this experience will
programme … be beneficial for my career. In fact, I highly
Sequence of events recommend secondment to all employees as
The plane landed at 6 a.m. and I was in the it gives you a much better global perspective.
office the same morning.
Pros and cons
My colleagues are extremely helpful.

Answer key
7
Unit 6 Alliances 1h
2j
6.1 Strategic alliances 3c
4e
1 5a
Students’ own answers 6d
7g
2 8f
1 pursue business objectives 9i
2 market leader 10 b
3 broader network
4 ideal partner 8
5 access to markets 1 regulatory approval
6 codeshare agreement 2 equity stake
3 gain
3 4 outweigh
Suggested answers 5 turnaround
1 pursue business objectives: A strategic alliance 6 synergy
is an agreement between two or more companies 7 presence
who agree to share their knowledge and resources 8 foundation
to pursue common business objectives.
2 market leader: American Airlines is the market 9
leader in the USA. Students’ own answers
3 broader network: Robert Isom says that an
alliance with China Southern will give AA 10
a foundation for a much broader network. Students’ own answers
4 ideal partner: He describes China Southern
as an ideal partner for AA.
5 access to markets: a strategic partnership 6.2 Business partnerships
between two airlines with strong presence in
different parts of the world give both companies 1
greater access to each other’s markets (the Students’ own answers
USA and China)
6 codeshare agreement: A codeshare agreement 2
enabled them [AA] to add new destinations across Possible answers
China to their offer. In alliances, companies might share brands and
trademarks, widening their reach.
4 In mergers, the management structure might have
1 agreement to change so that it functions for the new structure
2 expand of the company. This also happens when an
3 potential acquisition takes place and one company has
4 (strategic) partnership bought out another.
5 sums A strong merger or alliance can make two
6 little companies coming together much larger which
can put them in a much stronger position as far
5 as competition is concerned.
Students’ own answers Companies coming together can gain by sharing
each other’s technology.
6 Efficiency can sometimes be affected negatively
1e after a merger because a company might then
2b become too large to run effectively.
3f An acquisition of a company may largely affect
4c or completely change its ownership.
5g The leadership of a company might not be the
6a same after there has been a change in the
7d structure.

Answer key
Stakeholders will see changes in their share prices 6A

when a merger or acquisition takes place. The 1 regret
changes to the price of stocks will depend on the 2 disapproval
nature of the restructuring. 3 surprise
3B 6B
1 T (‘… allows the companies to share different 1c
parts of their business assets with each other …’ / 2a
‘… they generally choose pre-defined business 3b
areas for specific time periods’)
2 F (‘… a strategic alliance … doesn’t result in 7
a new company as a merger does’) 1 ought not to
3 F (‘In a merger, two similar sized companies 2 can’t
consolidate and become a new entity.’) 3 must
4 T (‘The management structure is generally 4 could
new …)’ 5 ought to
5 F (‘No new company is formed but the smaller 6 couldn’t
company stops existing completely. Well-known
brand names may be kept, however, or even be 8
made into a separate division
dəˈviZHən
in the new company.’) 1c
6 T (‘… these acquisitions can be consideredˌakwəˈziSH(ə)n 2e
friendly or hostile depending on the situation …’) 3b
ˈhästl 4f
4 5d
(Answers in order they appear in the script) 6a
Strategic alliances:
• share parts of business 9 A/B
• choose pre-defined areas Students’ own answers
• mutually beneficial goals
• make use of synergy
• easy to end 6.3 Communication skills:
Diffusing conflict
Mergers:
• new company formed 1A
• have new ownership Students’ own answers
• reissue shares 4 Suggested benefits: it promotes openness and
• decrease competition honesty; it helps identify problems; it can lead to
• company wants to grow better problem solving; it can reduce frustration and
increase harmony; it can lead to improved morale,
Acquisitions: personal growth and productivity
• smaller company stops existing
• friendly or hostile 1B
• company wants to grow Students’ own answers
• brand names may be kept
2
5 1 They have ‘teamed up’ (formed an alliance)
Possible answers with a big European events company; they’re
This may depend on the priorities that the company expanding.
has: 2 Prisha’s old boss at ZX has been in touch to
• few or no redundancies as a result of the merger set up a meeting with her and David.
• a company becoming more efficient and 3 She took some clients with her and ZX were
streamlined not happy about that.
• a rise in profits 4 She doesn’t think it would be a good idea.
• having a presence in more countries
• shares going up in value 3A
• brand becoming more famous Students’ own answers

Answer key
3B 7B
Option A Identify and explore issues clearly: 1, 3, 4, 7, 8
1 that ZX will want to take over Happenings Come up with options: 2, 5, 10, 12
2 That it’s not such a bad thing. ZX are one of Develop agreements: 6, 9, 11
the biggest names in the business.
3 that they wanted to be their own bosses 8
4 set up the meeting with ZX Students’ own answers
Option B 9
1 She says that she wants to discuss the call from Students’ own answers
her old boss and that, even though they may think
differently about it, she doesn’t want to fall out with
him. 6.4 Business skills:
2 their cash flow problem; they’re ‘running on fumes Learning from mistakes
at the moment’
3 (to hear them out and) collaborate on one project 1
and see if the working relationship is good Students’ own answers
4 take another look at their marketing strategy
2
3A
5 Mistakes Outcomes
In Option A, the approach is honest and open, it 1 Lack of detailed Problems controlling
can harm the relationship, especially if a person planning costs, a few project delays
always wants to ‘win’. 2 Software partners Users lost trust in the
In Option B, the approach prioritises relationships delivered software project and stopped
over personal interests, explores options and can with bugs co-operating
generate more solutions, can be slow and the 3 Leadership failure Software developer team
compromise reached might leave both parties on our side didn’t know what to
dissatisfied deliver, took wrong
We all have a preferred approach to conflict. One decisions under pressure
or more approaches can be more appropriate and
effective for a given situation. 3B
In the end, these different approaches to conflict Students’ own answers
are neither inherently right nor wrong. One or more
approach can be appropriate and effective in any 3C
given situation. Alternative past actions
Should have used a proper project planning tool to
6 support the project / team.
Students’ own answers Should have documented projects requirements
more clearly for project partners.
7A Should have invested more time in relationship
1 straight building; shouldn’t have relied so much on email
2 were to and conference calls.
3 potential
4 concerns Specific recommendations for the future
5 prepared Company should buy GO-Project and make it
6 agree available to all major projects in the company.
7 raise Develop clearer documentation, templates, to
8 concern give external partners in projects.
9 agreed Budget for travel to external partners to create
10 collaborating better relationships for future projects and build
11 reached trust.
12 figure out
3D

Answer key
4A Furthermore, we plan to …
1 Specify the mistake clearly
2 Explain the results of the mistake 3A
3 Propose alternative past actions Suggested changes
4 Describe unexpected problems In the hope of expanding into new markets we have
5 Summarise the main learning point been in discussion with another company about the
6 Summarise the general experience possibility of forming a strategic alliance. It is
7 Recommend future actions evident that there is a lack of interest in our
products from consumers. As a result of this, we
4B are losing market share rapidly. We are therefore
1 All in all, / Considering everything that happened, in the process of moving forward with this alliance.
2 Our biggest mistake was
3 one thing I/we hadn’t expected was / it wasn’t 3B
foreseen Model answer
4 it meant that / this created the problem that Agreement has now been reached to exit the
5 With hindsight, we should have strategic alliance which we formed last year
6 The key takeaway for me is / My main lesson because there is hardly any advantage for us in
learnt is continuing. This is as a result of the increasing
7 Going forward / In future number of problems the company has encountered
and the failure to achieve key objectives. For these
reasons, we are now in discussion with a large
6.5 Writing: Report extract Peruvian construction company to set up a joint
venture in order to build the new housing project
1
in Lima.
1 with
We are doing this in the hope of benefiting from
2 in
the other company’s experience and expertise.
3 into
This joint venture will provide us with all the
4 with
facilities we need as well as the specialised
5 in
staff they employ, both of which will be extremely
6 on
valuable. The partner company appears to have
7 in
a good track record of building in the city centre
8 on
with this kind of project. Furthermore, we will
9 on
benefit from their large workforce, which we
10 of
will need to complete the project on time.
11 to
Additional benefits of having a joint venture instead
12 in
of the strategic alliance are that it is a temporary
contract and runs only for the duration of this
2A
project. Moreover, a joint venture will not affect
1 strategic
our individual businesses. It is evident that both
2 hope
companies have the same objectives for the project
3 does not appear
and this should lead to much better communication
4 have been
and fewer problems than we have had with the
5 venture
strategic alliance.
6 structural
2B
Background information Unit 7 Risk
Following the friendly takeover last year …
The intention at the time was to facilitate the 7.1 A resilient building
growth of the company ... 1
Description of problems Students’ own answers
There is hardly any advantage for us in …
It is clear that the alliance is not working for us. 2
It is evident that the rewards are not as great 1 F (They are more at risk because Mexico City is
as expected. in the heart of an earthquake region. And they are
Action points for the future exposed to longer earthquakes; Mexico City has
As a result of these issues … long, long shocks.)
For these reasons, we are considering …

Answer key
2 T (Enrique Martínez Romero is a consulting 6B

engineer, Alan Burden is a structural engineer and Students’ own answers using the collocations, e.g.
Ahmad Rahimian is an architectural engineer.) Anyone not wearing a hard hat on a construction
3 F (It is lighter than most other skyscrapers. But site runs the risk of having an accident.
it’s true that its smart systems reduce risk to people Risk analysis in engineering can minimise the risk
in the building. The building knows when there is of any potential problems.
an earthquake coming, and how to deal with it.) Not having fire alarms in a building means
employees’ lives are at great risk.
3 Having an emergency plan in the event of
1 They had to be demolished. a disaster is essential for managing risk effectively.
2 $2 billion When she started her new business, she tried to
3 resilient – ‘they need to be more resilient than mitigate risks by doing a risk analysis.
those in other vulnerable regions’ When investing your money, you can reduce risk
4 keep it light – ‘a building is less dangerous if it if you diversify your investments.
is lighter’ / ‘keep the weight as light as you can’ The potential risks with this investment outweigh
5 steel – ‘Steel was therefore chosen as Torre the benefits.
Mayor’s principal material’
6 (architect) Ahmad Rahimian 7
7 it resists – ‘you have resistance’ 1 risk; damage
8 its occupants – ‘Its integrated smart systems 2 potential risks
automatically reduce risk to occupants’; and 3–
passengers in elevators ‘the elevators automatically 4 reduce
stop at the closest floor so passengers can exit 5 forward
safely.’ 6 prevent
9 city planners, governments and architects around 7 major
the world 8 preventive measures; minimise/mitigate
10 focusing on prevention – ‘the most effective
methods of managing or minimising risk are those 8A–C
which focus on prevention’ Students’ own answers
4
Students' own answers 7.2 Risk in investment
1
5A
Dial 1
Turn the dial clockwise or anti-clockwise twice.
2
suffer damage, test solutions, prevent disasters,
1 volatile
preventive measures
2 portfolio
3 groundbreaking
Dial 2
4 variance
Turn the dial clockwise once or anti-clockwise
5 stockbroker
three times.
pose a threat, forward thinking, assess a hazard,
3
risk analysis
Suggested answer
B Harry Markowitz, father of modern portfolio theory
5B
Adjective + noun: preventive measures, forward
4
thinking
1 in Chicago, playing the violin, reading the
Noun + noun: risk analysis
philosophy of René Descartes and playing
Verb + noun: suffer damage, test solutions, prevent
baseball and football
disasters, assess a hazard, pose a threat
2 University of Chicago, economics as
a graduate degree
6A
3 meeting a visiting stockbroker while he
risk
was waiting for his university supervisor
4 that returns should be judged against,
and optimised for, the amount of risk taken
5 Richard Bookstaber used to be a risk manager.

Answer key
6 volatility and diversification 1B

5
Students’ own answers 2
1 Pierre has been speaking to his friend (who works
6A for a large fashion house) in Paris.
1 second conditional: would (also could, might, etc.) 2 Have an event for London Fashion Week.
+ infinitive + if + Past Simple 3 To let her know in advance that she will get a call.
2 third conditional: If + Past Perfect + would (also 4 Whether they can handle another event at the
could, might, etc.) have + past participle moment.
In both cases the clauses can be inverted.
3B
6B Option A
They are examples of ‘mixed’ conditionals, using 1 It could be the opportunity they need to expand
a mix of second and third conditional forms: the business.
Sentence 1: If + Past Simple + would have + past 2 He points out that they are already doing that and
participle (second + third conditional forms) that if they stretch themselves too thinly, they will
Sentence 2: If + Past Perfect + would + infinitive provide a bad service and damage their reputation.
(second + third conditional forms) 3 She thinks they should take on the project and
deal with any issues as they arise.
6C 4 Yes, he does. On the grounds that they have
1 ii enough experience between them to deal with
2i any problems that may arise.
7 Option B
1 c third conditional 1 that they don’t have enough staff or money
2 a mixed conditional i, hypothesising about to take on another event
a present consequence 2 because they will just be doing damage limitation
3 f second conditional and this will result in a poor service
4 b mixed conditional i, hypothesising about 3 No, she doesn’t. She agrees that he is not over-
a present consequence exaggerating the situation but she does question
5 d mixed conditional ii, hypothesising about whether they are both being too cautious.
a past consequence 4 No, he doesn’t. On the grounds that the risk is
6 e mixed conditional ii, hypothesising about too great and it might damage their reputation or
a past consequence even bankrupt the company.
8A & B 4
Suggested answers Suggested answers
1 I would speak better English now if I had studied 1 Using a risk-tolerant approach means you don’t
abroad when I was young. try to prepare for every possible outcome. Instead,
2 If I could choose again, I would have gone to you make general preparations and assume that
Amsterdam to do my Erasmus course. you’ll deal with any problems as they arise. This
3 If Ada Lovelace hadn’t come up with the idea of can be less stressful, and also more cost-effective,
the first ever algorithm, she wouldn’t have become if you don’t put resources in place that you may not
the pioneer of computer programming. actually need.
4 If I weren’t so bad at maths, I would have invested 2 Using a risk-sensitive approach may mean that
in stocks and shares. when a problem arises that you’ve anticipated, you
5 The world today would be very different if Tim can deal with it right away. However, it may also
Berners-Lee hadn’t invented the internet. mean you’re stressing needlessly about problems
that may never arise, and using resources to
prepare for them, possibly unnecessarily.
7.3 Communication skills:
Dealing with risk 5
Risk-tolerant approach
1A David points out that stretching the team too thinly
Students’ own answers could damage the reputation of Happenings, or
even break the company. Prisha points out they
can’t foresee and prepare for every issue that might

Answer key
come up, and they can deal with problems as they 5 Each of the three team members are asked to
arise, so they decide that taking the opportunity to identify the key risk in their area, how likely it is to
expand the business is worth the risk. happen and what the impact would be if it did
happen.
Risk-sensitive approach
David emphasises the importance of being 2B
prepared in advance for all the problems they may 1T
encounter, and not just deal with issues as and 2F
when – the risk to the company’s reputation would 3T
be too great. In this instance, they both decide that 4F
it’s best to let this opportunity go.
2C
6 1 Running over schedule - probability (likelihood):
Students’ own answers low, impact (consequences): low
2 Employee turnover mid-project - probability
7A (likelihood): low, impact (consequences): medium
1 as they arise 3 Flood risk in testing area - probability (likelihood):
2 as and when high, impact (consequences): high
3 foresee
4 as it comes 4A
5 scaremongering 1 to analyse
6 what might happen 2 our radar
7 for everything 3 establish which risks
8 time-consuming and expensive 4 identified
5 probability, impact
7B 6 likely
1c 7 catastrophic
2a 8 address
3e 9 urgent
4b
5d 4B
6h 1A
7f 2B
8g 3A
4B
7C 5D
1 7B 6C
2 7A 7D
8D
8A
Students’ own answers 6B
Suggested possible actions
1 Remind people in advance to pack their
7.4 Business skills: Analysing risk ID/passports. Set up a buddy system where each
person calls one other person on the day of travel
1A & B
to check they have their ID/passport packed.
2 Remind people in advance to pack clothing for
bad weather. Have alternate plans for activities
2A
in case the outdoor ones get cancelled. Find out
1 because Marion wants to look into risks
the bad weather cancellation policies for booked
associated with the project
activities.
2 because they don’t know what they don’t know.
3 Get to the airport/station early. Be aware of
Marion wants to identify some risks they might not
alternatives in case some or all of your group
be aware of
don’t make it on to the flight/train.
3 a probability impact matrix
4 Remind people to purchase foreign health/travel
4 It looks at the probability of something happening
insurance. Ask them to confirm with you and/or
on one axis and the impact of that thing happening
send you a copy of their insurance policy. Take
(effect) on the other axis.
numbers of local medical help in case it is needed.

Answer key
7.5 Writing: Accident report Mr Creilly has to wear a bandage over his eye for
a week.
1 Analysis
1 has There seem to have been two main reasons for
2 order the accident: firstly, Mr Crielly’s failure to call the
3 being maintenance engineer as company health and
4 to safety policy states and, secondly, his failure to
5 not wear the safety goggles, which all operators must
6 there wear while in the factory.
7 by Recommendations
8 so All staff must be reminded of the health and
9 for safety procedures in the factory, so everyone
10 a needs regular training to ensure that procedures
are followed correctly.
2
1 involved
2 location
3 details
Unit 8 Decisions
4 Injuries 8.1 The Idle Man
5 Causes
6 avoid 1
7 operator Students’ own answers
8 was operating
9 slow 2
10 (he) slipped CEO, customers, male model, market sellers,
11 fell marketing director, office staff (of The Idle Man),
12 hit passersby, sales assistant
13 cut
14 bandaged 3
15 cleaning In the order mentioned in the video
16 review 1c
17 double-check 2d
18 needs 3a
4b
3B 5f
Model answer 6e
ACCIDENT REPORT
Facts 4
Person(s) involved: Thomas Crielly, Production Alex:
Supervisor 1 start-ups
Date and time: 9 May 3 p.m. 2 suit
Location: Factory A, Machine # 03 3 target
Events leading to accident: This morning, 4 click
Mr Crielly was dealing with a problem on packing 5 location
machine 3. The machine had jammed and he was Oliver:
trying to repair it himself without calling the 6 revenue
maintenance engineer. Unfortunately, when he 7 insurance
succeeded, some packing material, which had got 8 ongoing
jammed in the machine, flew out and hit him in his 9 board
left eye. He was not wearing safety goggles at the 10 similar
time.
Injuries & treatment: He cut his eye badly so the 5
company nurse was called immediately. She Suggested answers
cleaned the cut but had to send him to the local They might have gone for the more expensive
hospital because the material had damaged the eye location and lost money.
itself. Fortunately, the hospital managed to get the The decision-making team could have had
material out of the eye without any serious damage. problems agreeing with each other.

Answer key
They were a small decision-making team; it would 1B

have been more difficult to make the decisions in Students’ own answers
a larger team.
They were inspired by two US companies but 2
the UK market could have responded differently. 1 The lecture is taking place at the university in
The board might not have liked the store concept. Weimar (Germany).
They might have opened a second store in 2 Clarence Falkner is a business expert and
Manchester / New York too soon and lost money. a guest speaker who is talking to a group of
business students.
6 3 He’s going to talk about how to make decision-
1 the way forward making more successful.
2 a gut feeling
3 settled on 3
4 pulling together 1 … we’re scared of taking decisions the wrong
5 give the go-ahead decision.
6 decision-making, end up 2 … depending on our past experiences intuition
7 drive success or instinct.
3 … decision-making: probability prediction and
7A good judgment.
The ‘DECIDE’ model 4 Considering all the specifics and biases pros and
1e cons is a key stage …
2d 5 We should understand how different predictions
3f choices change the probability of different
4a consequences outcomes.
5c
6b 4
1 He asked his co-authors to estimate the date
7B when they would complete the first draft of
Students’ own answers a textbook.
2 They all said somewhere between 18 months
8 and two and a half years.
1 making 3 He asked one of the co-authors (who’d been
2 constraints; alternative involved in many textbook projects), how long it
3 reconsider usually took.
4 examining 4 The experienced writer said that he couldn’t think
5 feeling of a (writing) project that had finished in less than
seven years.
9A & B 5 This person had answered Kahneman’s first
Students’ own answers question without thinking about his actual previous
experiences.
6 We ought to get away from the ‘inside view’,
8.2 Better decision-making where the specific details of our decision
overwhelm our analysis (i.e. we can’t analyse it
1A
correctly.) When you take the ‘outside view’, you
intuition – the ability to understand or know
look at similar cases before considering the
something because of a feeling rather than by
specifics of your own situation.
considering the facts
pros and cons – the advantages and
5
disadvantages of something
1 probability
specifics – particular details
2 forecasting
outcome – final result of a meeting, discussion etc.
3 outcomes
used when no one knows what it will be until it
4 cognitive biases
actually happens
5 two rules
biases – opinion(s) about whether an idea is good
6 be hard
or bad that influences how you deal with it;
7 less certain
discrimination
8 usually happen

Answer key
6A to all your team about the advantages and

1 decide + to + infinitive disadvantages of working flexibly. That way they
2 put off + -ing will feel involved in decision-making. Avoid getting
3 avoid + -ing too emotional in this kind of meeting but consider
4/5 try + -ing OR to + infinitive changing how you work, as in other departments
in your organisation. Tell your staff they can work
6B flexi-time as long as they meet their targets and
All the expressions take the + -ing form. start work by 9.30 am.
I hope one of these solutions work for you and
7 your team!
Suggested answers Regards,
1 a Here ‘regret’ refers to feeling sorry about
something you didn’t do and wish you had done. Model answer for pre-work students
b Here ‘regret’ is used in official letters or formal Dear … ,
statements when saying that you are sorry or sad When you first start studying at university, it can
about something. seem hard. Perhaps at school your teachers helped
2 a Here ‘want’ refers to a desire or wish to do you to organise your time. Now you are an adult,
something. you are responsible for learning to manage your
b Here ‘want’ refers to something that should have time effectively. It’s important to get enough sleep
or has to have something done to it without saying and see your friends but remember to find time
directly who should do it. during the week when you can go over your notes,
3 a Here ‘mean’ refers to intending a particular or ask an organised classmate for help.
meaning when you say something. Have you tried talking to the college counsellor?
b Here ‘mean’ refers to the idea of intending or I am sure your university offers this service. But
planning to do something if you decide to drop out of college, there isn’t
4 a Here ‘need’ is used for saying that someone any point in leaving if you haven’t found a job first.
should do something, or has to do something. A university course only lasts about four years
b Here ‘need’ is used for saying that something and then you have a degree for life. However, if
should be or has to be done without saying directly you leave now, remember it will be more difficult
who should do it. to go back to university later in life. Whatever you
decide to do, talk to family, friends and tutors,
8 weigh up the pros and cons and take an informed
1 to do decision.
2 to save Yours faithfully,
3 to think / thinking
4 going
5 making 8.3 Communications skills:
6 to do Influencing a decision
7 to avoid
8 to go / going 1A
9 thinking Students’ own answers
10 regretting
1B
9B 1 emotion
Model answer for students in work 2 fact
Dear … , 3 emotion
Thank you for your letter. It seems that you have 4 fact
been avoiding having a conversation with your 5 emotion
employee. First, I suggest talking to him: show 6 fact
understanding for his situation but make it clear
that if he is late, he needs to make up for lost time 2
during the week. As you say, it is unfair if you treat 1 that they were successful
him differently to the rest of the team. This 2 that they were excellent
approach could work temporarily. 3 No. He feels that there are one or two suppliers
Although I understand that your department deals that they need to reconsider.
with customers, an alternative option is that you 4 a meeting that includes Sonia and Otto
seriously think about adopting flexi-time as a long-
term solution. For this reason, I recommend talking

Answer key
3B 7A
Option A 1 Even though
1 Their head designer was impossible to get in 2 they were still
touch with. 3 It may have
2 that they made a huge contribution to the day 4 but I know
and that the flowers were amazing 5 I personally
3 Prisha and Otto. Prisha stresses how impressed 6 My instinct would be
everyone was and what the clients will remember. 7 I think
Otto talks about how great it was to work with the
florists, how creative they were, and reduces the 7B
importance of the design issue. 1d
4 that if the florists don’t follow the brief again, it 2a
could ruin the concept that Happenings may have 3c
created for an event 4e
5 They decide to go with Otto’s suggestion to speak 5b
to the florists and to give them another chance as
their work was so good. 7C
1 2 a, 5 b
Option B 2 1 d, 3 c, 4 e
1 they were way off brief and they used far fewer
flowers than had been originally agreed on 8
2 Everyone loves the flowers. Students’ own answers
3 David and Sonia. They stress the fact that the
florists were off brief and didn’t provide what had
been agreed. 8.4 Business skills:
4 She says it’s there in black in white (referring to Maintaining relationships
the original designs).
5 They decide not to use the same florists and look 1
for another supplier. Students’ own answers
4 2A
Suggested answers The issue is that Vera has been working on
1 In most cases, decisions need to be made by something with David on their own initiative and she
considering both facts and feelings, while being no longer has time for it. She’s unsure of how to tell
aware that sometimes feelings can cloud good him while maintaining their relationship.
judgement.
2 In Option A, David and Sonia focus on the fact 2B
that the florists didn’t stick to the brief. Prisha and 1 She shows transparency and gets straight to the
Otto acknowledge that there were some point.
communication problems with that supplier, but 2 He seems surprised at first. Then he takes a
stress the importance of the working relationship, collaborative approach when dealing with the issue.
and that overall the project went well, so they feel 3 Yes, they do. Neither wants their relationship to
they should use the same florists in the future. be damaged if they stop working on this idea
In Option B, David and Sonia acknowledge that the together / they both want to produce something that
event went well, but strongly emphasize the facts. will benefit the company.
The florists didn’t follow the brief regarding the 4 They decide to take a break from it for a few
floral design, used far fewer flowers than had weeks and then re-assess Vera’s workload and
been agreed, and were difficult to communicate time pressure.
with. David points out that problems like these can
have serious consequences. In the end, the team 3A
decides not to work with the same florists on any They followed all four tips in the 4-step model.
future projects
3B
5 Suggested answer
Students’ own answers Vera handled the discussion well. She didn’t
interrupt when David became somewhat frustrated
6 and empathised with him afterwards.

Answer key
4A The new equipment will improve output in all

a 1, 4, 6 departments.
b 5, 9, 10 Potential problems (Para 3)
c 3, 8, 12 The factory will be closed for a week, so some
d 2, 7, 11 orders may be delayed.
We can guarantee that the delays will be minimal.
4B Next steps (Para 4)
1c As a result of these changes, staff will be retrained.
2d In light of these issues, we will be contacting all our
3b customers.
4a
3A
5 Possible answer
Suggested answers Dear colleagues,
Scenario 1 Further to our discussions last week, we have
b I don’t want to cause any hostility between us. decided to make some changes to the ordering
c What do you think we can do about this? and distribution systems in the company.
d A good working environment is in both our The decision has been made because we feel that
interests. it will make the systems more efficient and avoid
the serious delivery delays we have recently been
Scenario 2 having.
a There´s no easy way to say this but I have For those of you who may be worried about
an issue with our planned lunch next week. redundancies, we can assure you that no one
b I’d like to find a quick solution. will lose their job as a result of these changes.
c Are you available next week? Furthermore, in view of this decision, we will
d Let’s put it on hold until later this month. provide training for everyone who will be using
the new system.
Yours faithfully,
8.5 Writing: Describing a decision
3B
1
Model answer
1 leading
Dear colleagues,
2 costly
With regard to recent discussions about acquiring
3 benefit
our main supplier, HegGah Supplies, it has finally
4 agreeable
been decided to go ahead with this plan. HegGah
5 standardise
Supplies has been a loyal supplier to us for many
6 played
years, producing excellent quality materials.
7 selecting
However, they are currently unable to keep up with
8 meet
our demand without expanding their own facilities.
9 minimal
Unfortunately, they do not have sufficient funds for
10 sincerely
this at the moment.
We are convinced that the acquisition will benefit
2A
both companies greatly. We will not have to source
1 Further
new suppliers and will also have more control over
2 has been decided
the supplies we need, and they will not have to
3 will enable
worry about sourcing the funds required for
4 consider
expansion.
5 assure
There will obviously be some disruption to our
6 view
workflow, but we can nevertheless guarantee that
7 will take place
we will be able to meet the current demand for our
products. In addition, we are able to assure all staff
2B
that there will be no redundancies.
Introducing topic (Para 1)
In view of this decision, we will in fact need to
With regard to yesterday’s meeting, a decision
recruit new staff to work in both companies once
has been made to …
the expansion has taken place. Therefore, when we
Describing decision (Para 2)
have the completion date for the expansion, we will
Efficiency will be improved with the new system.
arrange a video meeting to discuss how many new
staff you expect to need. You will then have to

Answer key
organise a mentoring programme for them to

ensure that they are familiar with our vision and
goals.
Yours faithfully,

Answer key
Business workshop 1 7
Model answer
1 We feel that a telephone survey would work best
1 They are a multinational retail clothing chain. and would start by asking people which categories
2 They have a very good reputation. They are they fall into regarding their age and where
known for treating employees well with paid holiday, they live.
sick leave and retirement benefits and for paying We would use a variety of question types, starting
more than the minimum wage. with a ranking of the impression people have of the
3 They make sure to source ethical suppliers. Wear It! brand in comparison with competitors,
4 They ran an advert which was considered to be followed by a closed question about adverts people
inappropriate. This has led to a call on social media remember. Next, we would ask which factors they
for a boycott. feel are persuasive in adverts and give them up to
5 Students’ own answers five to choose from. In order to find out what people
feel is negative, we feel a ranking question would
2 be best, perhaps with up to six or seven choices.
Students’ own answers The survey would end with an open question asking
them about the last time they bought clothing and
3 then a closed question about whether or not they
Possible answers (What do you notice?) have shopped at Wear It! in the last month.
 current year’s sales began higher than previous
year
 current year’s sales showed less fluctuation at Business workshop 2
beginning of year than previous year 1
 current year’s sales dropped in fourth quarter 1 It is a call centre in India serving different
while previous year went up companies.
 third quarter sales for both years were very 2 It is difficult to keep staff, competition is growing
similar and agents have problems helping customers
satisfactorily.
Possible answers (Does anything surprise you 3 They expect their employees to be proficient in
about the development of sales?) English, have excellent technical knowledge and
The chart shows that although sales still went up know where to find the information their customers
in 4th quarter, the usually strong groups of 16-24, need.
35-44 and 45-54 did not perform well. The 25-34 4 HR is going to talk to employees in different
age group and the older group of 55+ customers positions and try to find solutions.
made up a large percentage of the total sales.
2A
4  finding time for training (I was told that we’d
1 Jane: looked at sales figures, saw millennials have a lot of training in specialised areas but
were most affected when I ask about it, I’m usually told that there’s
Peter: looked at the marketing campaigns to see no time for that …)
which groups were being targeted.  getting support from line manager (Have you
Giorgio: looked at costs of buying finished items told your line manager? Yes, several times.
and has calculated that they cannot afford the drop He’s just too busy explaining the system to
in sales. the new people …)
2 Barbara will gather information on the market
 giving clients specialised information (Some
which should help them come up with a marketing
of the clients who call us need very specific
campaign to work on the image of the brand.
information and I’m unsure how to help them.)
 helping clients with complicated IT issues
5
(… sometimes callers ask about extremely
complicated IT problems too, and I just can’t
make them understand what I’m saying.)
6A–C
Students’ own answers  not doing a good job (I really feel I could be
doing a better job, …)
 helping callers who don’t understand IT (I don’t
always understand their questions, because
they are just so basic. When people know so

Answer key
little about how to use a computer, it’s hard to 8

know where to start …) Students’ own answers
The major discrepancies are in the way these
2B areas were viewed by agents and line managers:
She says that they don’t feel they get enough feedback (low rating from agents, high from line
support, they don’t know how to explain things managers), communication skills training (low from
in simple terms and they don’t think people are agents, high from line managers), attitude towards
happy with their answers. She says she will talk work (high from agents, low from line managers),
to her boss and their line manager and will speak support from line manager (low from agents, high
with them again in a week. from line managers).
3 9
1 They are overqualified but it is one of the few Areas that need improvement from the agents’
places offering work in the region. point of view include: the quality of feedback,
2 They would be moved to the day shift. communication skills training and general support
3 They spent several weeks learning about from the line managers. The line managers seem
products that he thinks are simple to explain. to be too busy training new people as turnover
4 She likes the chance to use her English. is high and don’t seem to have enough time for
5 He would like more information about the people current staff.
who phone and their culture. Areas that need improvement from the line
6 She says it is easy for them but that it is really managers’ point of view include the attitude towards
challenging for some of the people who call them. work of the agents and the integration of younger
employees into established teams.
4
Possible answers 11
They may need simpler or non-technical vocabulary Model answer
to explain things. Guidelines to help solve key problems between
They may need to practise listening more carefully management and staff.
and replying to specific questions.  Have weekly meetings in which both groups
They may need to sound friendly and less formal for can express their opinions openly and look
some cultures (many English-speaking ones, for for solutions together.
example).  Find ways to make more use of agents’
They may need to sound interested in the questions qualifications, as this may help with the high
they get and express their willingness to help. rate of turnover.
They may need to sound understanding and agree  Discuss the type of feedback and support
that something is complicated for the caller. agents feel they need and the type of feedback
They may need to speak more slowly as some and support line managers feel they need. Try
people may have trouble following them. to find ways to agree on them.
They may need to define specific goals and to find  Do a detailed survey on areas agents feel
ways to motivate themselves even if they have to they need more training in, then set up training
give the same information to a number of people. sessions in these areas.
 Organise social events to help new employees
5 better integrate into the existing team.
Students’ own answers  Find out what agents need to be motivated, work
together and create a motivating atmosphere.
6  Set clear goals and criteria for performance.
Students’ own answers Discuss these with agents every few months.
 Determine exactly what type of support agents
7
feel they need and how it differs from what they
1 runs induction, gets them on training courses,
have been getting.
answers questions
2 need to learn to explain products in simple way
3 on specific advanced products Business workshop 3
4 on communication skills
5 not having clear ones 1
6 don’t interact well with them 1 Asia and Latin America
7 run survey on management and staff viewpoints, 2 Many don’t have savings: ‘nearly 25 percent
work together on solutions of adults don’t have any money saved for an

Answer key
emergency, e.g. unexpected redundancy or medical and their parents, so it is more likely they will be
emergencies’. However, ‘Many young people … interested in getting financial advice about saving,
want to be better at managing their money.’ borrowing money from banks, and asking for
3 ConnectBank wants to develop innovative mortgages and other long-term loans.
products for ‘millennials who never visit their
local branch but want to manage their money online 4
or on their smartphone’. Suggested answers
Aim: (identify ways to) target millennial customers
2 and create (innovative) personal banking products
Suggested answers for them
1 The figures are important because they mean Key findings
banks are changing how they do business with  Millennial customer profile: students, first-time
and interact with the millennial generation. See house buyers, or professionals looking for
Infographic 1 (left), The fastest growing customer savings products.
base is changing the way banks do business.  Priorities for millennials:
The figures also show millennials are worse off than – paying off student debts
the previous generation and are on lower incomes. – making the most out of their money.
See Infographic 2 (centre left), Compared with older  Technology: they are digital natives and
generations, millennials have had a rough start and used to banking on (their) smartphones.
are earning less… Also: 75% of college graduates  Customer loyalty: not like Generation X. If
have student loan debt. a millennial thinks we are not meeting their
2 A large percentage of the workforce are / will be needs, they will go to a competitor.
millennials. In terms of banking, it means they are Recommendations:
potential customers on regular salaries. See (i) Offer promotional gifts when millennials open
Infographic 3 (centre right), By 2022, millennials will an account, or contract a financial product.
make up over 44% of the workforce. (ii) Technology is key: make online banking
The figures are also significant and perhaps user-friendly; improve our (banking) app and
surprising in terms of offering savings products to website; talk to customers (more) interactively
millennials. See Infographic 4 (right), 86% of (iii) Offer mobile money remittance to those who
millennials are putting money into savings each are abroad.
month. 43% are paying down debts and 38% are
saving for the future. 5A–C
3 Students’ own answers, depending on their Students’ own answers
country/situation, for example, regarding student
debt: 75% of college graduates have student loan
debt. This is a very high figure and means the Business workshop 4
majority of graduates are in debt and would need to
ask the bank for another loan in order to finance an 1
emergency, or buy a car/home, etc. 1 professors of an international Business
Management Masters programme in Kuala
3A Lumpur, Malaysia, S.E. Asia
1 They are worse off and can expect lower living 2 It’s a TV documentary series that will focus
standards than their parents. on seven global challenges in business today
2 The think tank looked at incomes, employment and will have a global reach.
and home ownership rates. 3 to encourage young Malaysians to become
3 UK millennials are significantly worse off than entrepreneurs
previous generations when considering most 4 The winning team will co-present the series
measures of living standards. and get prize money worth 200,000 MYR
4 France, Belgium, Spain and South Korea (approximately 50,000 USD) as capital for
5 Generation X had income that was 54% higher a start-up based in Malaysia.
than that of baby boomers at the same age.
6 It’s 6% higher. 2
3B
Suggested answer
According to the report, millennials in most
countries are on relatively lower incomes and are
generally worse off than the previous generation

Answer key
3A Slide 4: You can’t read some of the (sub)headings.

(Also see more information in the profiles in Jack first suggests listing the sustainable
Exercise 3B.) development goals on two slides and then says it’s
Suggested answers best not to include them because they should keep
1 Elon Musk, engineer and entrepreneur. Students to the brief.
may know he is the CEO of Tesla electric cars and 3 Suggested answers:
Space X (at the time of writing) Slide 1: use a spell check; provide surnames
2 Indra Nooyi, CEO of PepsiCo (at the time of Slide 2: use a spell check; reduce text – 5–7 lines
writing) per slide works best
3 Rubens Menin, chairman of property developer Slide 3: use larger font and a font style that’s easy
MRV Engenharia, Brazil (at the time of writing) to read; don’t use strange combinations of colours;
4 Larissa Tan, CEO of Vanda Electrics (electric check headers and footers; don’t use more than
‘super-cars’), Singapore. Students may not know of one or two quotes, make sure any quotes used
her, unless they are from the region (at the time of are relevant; check for consistency in design
writing) Slide 4: use good quality images - it looks like
a (bad) screenshot/screengrab from the Internet;
3B–D don’t have too much text/information on one slide;
Students' own answers the header, ‘Business Challenges Proposal’ is
missing; make sure you source references correctly
4A
Suggested answers 5B
background – slide 3 Suggested answers
bullet points – the different points for the topics in They already have the target audience and the time
slide 2 slide 3 slot and suggestions for business topics. But they
font – the coloured text that is difficult to read in need to add their USP; as mentioned in Exercise 2
slide 3, e.g. Times New Roman, Arial, Calibri, etc. they need to explain how their proposal is going to
footer – the footer with their names in slide 1 be different from other TV documentaries.
header – the title of the presentation, except in
slide 4
heading – in slide 2, Topics for the TV series Business workshop 5
(in bold)
1
screenshot – see slide 4, also known as
1 They manufacture medical equipment.
a screengrab, an image of your computer screen
2 They need to decide where to expand their
subheading – see slide 1, e.g. ‘Aim’, ‘Target
technical support, in Scandinavia, the Arab World or
audience’, ‘Broadcast time’
South America.
visuals – the icons in slide 4
3 Where to send people on secondment for up to
two years.
4B
4 Both new and long-term employees as they need
those who are the best fit for the markets.
5A
2
1 over 100
2 Slide 1: Proposal and business are misspelt. Aina
2 almost 8
says they need to add their surnames because this
3 1/10th
is a formal proposal.
4 roughly €1.75 billion
Slide 2: Entrepreneurship and environmental
5 less than 5%
are misspelt. Aina says the producers want
6 about 21%
seven business topics, not ten. Aina also suggests
7 €775 million
combining points 6 and 7 and having only one
8 1 billion
topic on environmental challenges. Jack suggests
9 2 years
combining items 2 and 3, although Aina isn’t sure.
10 within 3 weeks
Aina also wonders if the last point (item 10) is
necessary. They also agree to cut the examples
3
after the ‘e.g.’s.
Slide 3: There are too many quotes – Jack
suggests having only one or two. The colours
are not easy to read and the font is too small.

Answer key
4 company will be hired to take care of the details

Paul: 1, 5, 6, of the move.
Karen: 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 It is not yet clear if it will be possible to return to the
same job but a work permit for my spouse looks
5 possible and we would have use of a company car.
Students’ own answers We are still working on housing costs and the type
of accommodation we would be offered.
6 Conclusion
1 whether she can continue to work either locally As there are several areas to work out, it was
in Argentina or online in her current job decided to meet again in a week to continue the
2 They should go to a German school. negotiation.
3 They could fly business class.
4 living in a house with a garden
5 Yes, but they need to pay for fuel. Business workshop 6
6 He would receive his salary, his pension
1
contributions would be paid, the family would have
1 It is a business in different cities in Croatia with
healthcare and they would get a housing allowance.
trucks which sell juice, smoothies and soup made
The issue of the education allowance is still being
from local organic fruit and vegetables.
looked into.
2 They added soups to their offer and published
a recipe book.
7
3 They want to keep the reputation they have for
excellence.
4 A strategic alliance, a merger of a friendly
8A/B
acquisition, as long as it is the right type of
partnership.
9
2A
Model answer (for Managers)
Introduction
This summary sets out the basis of an agreement
2B
for an employee to go on secondment for two
See answers to Q2 in Exercise 3.
years.
Agreement
3
It was decided that our employee would be able to
1 At the beginning they had one truck with juices
fly home with the family twice a year in economy
and smoothies. They now have trucks in a total of
and after the initial three months of subsidised rent
five cities (Zagreb, Split, Zader, Pula and Osijek).
would take on their own accommodation costs.
The new cities include those with universities and
In addition, we will offer free tax advice and all
in tourist centres. They now also sell soups and
expenses covered by the relocation.
have written a recipe book.
It was not possible to guarantee a return to the
2 A strategic alliance could be with a boutique hotel
same job at home and discussions are still taking
in the city centre or with hotels that run conferences
place about a work permit for the spouse and the
or have space for meetings. A merger could be
amount of education allowance for schools.
with a company with food trucks or, a restaurant.
Conclusion
Alternatively, they could try to sell their business
As there are several areas to work out, it was
to a well-known retail chain which wants to offer
decided to meet again in a week to continue the
a special experience to their customers, either
negotiation.
selling products at an in-store juice and soup bar,
or sell their business to a supermarket chain where
Model answer (for Employees)
their products can be sold in bottles.
Introduction
3 Each of them will look into the ideas they
This summary sets out the basis of an agreement
proposed and write a summary.
for an employee to go on secondment for two
years.
4
Agreement
It was decided that the company would grant us
one trip home a year in business class or two in
economy and would help to find appropriate
schools for the children. In addition, a relocation

Answer key
5 - changes to supply chain

1O - competition is growing
2T
3S Option C – Strategic Alliance
4T Strengths:
5O - well-known hotel
6W - attracts similar customers to ours
7S Weaknesses:
8W - hiring people to build a kitchen and decorate
the juice bar
6B - preparing snacks
Suggested answers Opportunities:
Option A – Acquisition - hotel takes care of initial costs
Strengths: - could open quickly
- good reputation - help us to grow without large investment
- branches throughout Balkans - hotel does promotion
Weaknesses: - possible roll out in other hotels
- finding it difficult to expand Threats:
- need cash - hotel involved in hiring staff, deciding on pricing
Opportunities: and possibly finding suppliers
- might be part of decision-making process - keeping basic business model (using local and
- given space for juice bar organic fruits and vegetables)
- decide together how to set up juice bar - PR should go along with current brand and image
- retail chain has strong presence in southeast - more people involved in decision-making
Europe
- could run the juice bars for a time 6C
- receive cash to allow us to move into new area Students’ own answers
of the business (e.g. recipe books, production
company) 7
Threats: Students’ own answers
- would no longer own the business
- competition increasing 8A–C
- costs going up Students’ own answers
- may not be able to get a good price in future
9
Option B – Merger Model answer for Option A
Strengths: After considering the three options, a strategic
- similar size alliance, a merger and an acquisition by another
- serves organic dishes company, we decided that being bought by a highly
- has excellent reputation respected sports retail chain with a strong presence
- source fresh food and uses high quality in the area would be the best move. In looking
ingredients carefully at the pros and cons, we felt the positive
- farm-to-table philosophy aspects greatly outweighed the negative ones.
- both have same area of specialisation The cons were:
Weaknesses:  we may not be involved in making decisions.
- ingredients are fairly expensive  we would no longer own the business.
- cash flow problems The pros were:
Opportunities:  we could be part of decision-making and running
- share expenses juice bars at the beginning.
- could grow quickly  we would have cash to start something new or
- foothold in new markets possibly expand into other areas of the business
- use synergy to expand business depending on the contract we negotiate.
- possible expansion into other Balkan countries  we can get a good price at the moment.
Threats:  the business is a good fit.
- ownership of new company For all these reasons, we recommend the
- name so that customers recognise us acquisition.
- new management structure and staffing
- who takes major decisions

Answer key
Business workshop 7 Controls: Lorenzo could hire more experienced

diving instructors and ask for medical certificates
1 for people over 55. Or he could change the age
1 Suggested answers range from 12–70 to 16–60 to reduce the risk of
Pros: it’s a beautiful area where tourism is young and elderly people getting into trouble in the
underdeveloped - The long summer and high water. He could charge extra for medical insurance,
temperatures mean it is an area that can be although this will raise his prices.
enjoyed almost all year round; it is a strategic
location with relatively modern infrastructure. Shimizu Springs
Cons: conducting business in the region can be Risks: It is very likely that people, especially the
complicated owing to bureaucracy, high taxation, elderly, slip or fall over in wet areas around the
a rigid labour market and high energy costs. pools. It may be a long time before the owners get
2 It provides advice for prospective business their return on investment if they have invested
owners and entrepreneurs; The team can assess heavily in buying and renovating the building. Spas
potential risks for start-ups, give detailed advice and buildings with pools are notorious for problems
and make recommendations for managing risk. with damp which could be very costly for the
3 Risk analysts, financial advisers and safety business partners. There are already health spas
experts in the area, so there is a real risk of losing business
to the competition, especially if a large hotel chain
2 sets up a similar luxury spa. A lot will depend on
Students’ own answers pricing and the quality of the hotel-spa and its
services. Although Sedna has worked in the sector,
3 Valerio doesn’t have relevant experience. Valerio
Students’ own ideas, for example: may also be hoping for a quiet life in the country
Neptune Adventures – high to very high in terms but starting a new business usually involves a lot of
of health and safety and reputation; scuba-diving time and hard work, especially in the first few years
is an extreme sport and participants will be at risk until it starts to make a profit.
of accidents and injury Controls: they should train all employees in first aid
Shimizu Springs – medium to high in terms of because there are likely to be accidents and falls
financial risk; the run-down hotel-spa has already involving elderly people if they are targeting the
required and will require high investment grey market. And they could make sure they hire
Fiesta Italia – medium to very high in terms a nurse, or there is a doctor on site. They should
of health and safety and reputation also keep a close eye on prices and promotions
offered by the competition.
4
1 cause harm, prevent, most likely to Fiesta Italia
2 you (and your staff) Risks: health and safety will be a big risk for
3 people (workers and (your) customers), this start-up and reputational risk if there are any
responsibly, injury and accidents alcohol or drug-related accidents. If a party is
4 (i) Identify a disaster due to fire, overcrowding, accidental
(ii) who, how death, etc. this would involve significant reputational
(iii) Evaluate (or assess), precautions and risk. Employing mostly students and holding events
preventive measures at different locations could mean they won’t always
5 review (or update), assessment have the same experienced staff, which will be
6 scaring, preventing people/them (from) a health and safety risk. Selling tickets at high
prices or having exclusive online tickets is also
5 a financial risk. This strategy will only work once
Suggested answers the parties are very popular.
Neptune Adventures Controls: Felisa will need to make sure staff are
Risks: Scuba diving is a dangerous adventure properly trained in first aid as there will be spillages
sport. There is a real risk that some participants and accidents at parties, probably involving alcohol,
may panic in water. There may even be sharks in although she already has plans to do this. Staff
the Mediterranean. Storms and bad weather at sea should also wear sensible footwear so as not to
might mean losing business but are out of their slip or fall over at events. All employees will have
control. The course requirement is to be a strong to be familiar with fire drills and fire exits at different
swimmer and to be in good physical health. venues. If the event was always held in the same
However, it is difficult to test or prove this before location, organisers would be more familiar with
participants do the course.

Answer key
emergency procedures, and health and safety all staff are familiar with fire drills and emergency
regulations. plans. In addition, Felisa employs highly motivated
young people who really enjoy their work. This
6A & B means that Fiesta Italia’s parties are very popular
Students' own answers and online tickets sell out fast thanks to successful
social media marketing. Fiesta Italia is an example
7A of a risky business that has done well to minimise
Model answers potential risks. Holding parties during the day or
Neptune Adventures early evening means party-goers have a different
Neptune Adventures did well in the first year attitude to having fun in contrast to the typical crowd
despite scuba-diving being a dangerous adventure that goes clubbing at night. Felisa is now organising
sport and not being as popular as some less riskier fun music events for families.
activities. In high season Neptune Adventures were
very busy and Lorenzo had to depend on his two
assistant instructors because he couldn’t always go Business workshop 8
with them on diving trips. One day, an older woman
1
panicked in the water when she thought she had
1 Sushi Bar Brazil is an upmarket restaurant chain
seen a shark. Unfortunately, the instructor hadn’t
that specialises in a unique blend of Japanese and
noticed but another diver helped her and a passing
Brazilian cuisine.
boat was able to get her safely to land. After the
2 It was born from the blend of two cultures when
incident, Neptune Adventures received a visit from
Japanese emigrants travelled to South America to
a government health and safety officer. They found
cultivate coffee plantations in the early 20th century
that one of the instructors wasn’t fully qualified and
and it’s popular in cities like São Paulo.
had a false certificate. The start-up was fined and
3 in Los Angeles, Washington D.C and New York
closed down temporarily. Lorenzo has now re-
City
opened his business and has employed fully
4 miso soup and sashimi alongside ‘moqueca’
qualified instructors, although he’s finding it hard
Suggested answer
to make a profit because he has to pay higher
5 American people in some places / People in my
insurance rates.
country might not be familiar with Japanese or
ethnic cuisine; perhaps some U.S. locations would
Shimizu Springs
be more successful than others, depending on
Although health spas are associated with well-being
tastes of customers in the city/local area and how
and wellness, and seem a low-risk business, they
multi-cultural it is.
often run the risk of high maintenance costs.
Shimizu Springs offered special mid-week
2
promotions for the ‘grey’ market and did well in the
Suggested answer
first six months. Unfortunately, one of the guests
Traditional ethnic (Japanese) dishes were originally
had an allergic reaction to a beauty product and
eaten only by immigrants. But more recently,
had to go to hospital. What is more, some other
consumers of ethnic foods have significantly
guests caught an infectious disease owing to fungal
increased in number and ethnic restaurants
growth in the spa. The spa received bad online
have become mainstream.
reviews and there was a fall in bookings. Sedna
and Valerio are now struggling with payments –
3
they had invested their savings in renovating the
1 in the early 1980s
hotel and purchasing spa equipment. The old
2 It has become more important as a result of
building has problems with damp, which has added
international trade, globalisation, and international
to their costs. As a result, Valerio has decided to
travel.
return to the world of finance, and they have
3 The ethnic food market is expected to reach
decided to sell the business.
sales of about $12.5 billion.
4 Honolulu, Sacramento, Seattle, San Francisco,
Fiesta Italia
San José, San Diego, Portland and Boston
The party organiser was potentially a medium to
5 They expected larger portions/servings.
high-risk business, considering the possibility of
6 The report recommends that waiting staff can
alcohol and drug-related deaths and reputational
describe dishes confidently and communicate the
risk. However, the start-up has followed the
concept of Japanese–Brazilian fusion cuisine.
successful model of a Spanish competitor and
It also recommends hiring more Japanese and
makes sure staff receive training in first aid. The
business owner also takes measures to ensure

Answer key
Brazilian staff to give their restaurants an 5A & B

authentic feel. Students’ own answers
4A & B
Suggested answers
Restaurant location: Los Angeles
Strengths: Personal hygiene is good – kitchen
staff wear gloves.
Manager is good at training staff to explain
different dishes and the restaurant concept.
Two Japanese chefs came from restaurants in
London and Amsterdam and have adapted well.
Customers are open to ethnic foods as long as
they are healthy and high quality.
Weaknesses: Staff turnover is very high in the
restaurant business, especially in LA.
Recommendations: Students’ own answers
Restaurant location: Washington D.C.

Strengths: Manager is aware of food that may
cause illness, e.g. Tamago Toji, pork cooked in soy
sauce, dishes with raw fish, e.g. sushi and sashimi.
He makes sure kitchen staff comply to hygiene
standards, (but doesn’t say how).
A friend wrote a positive online review.
Weaknesses: There are health issues with some
dishes, e.g. raw fish may have parasites. But
doesn’t take responsibility for this (It isn’t always
the restaurant’s fault …)
The supplier is late – Our supplier tends to arrive
a little late. … What do you mean Enrique is late
with the fish! Again?
They took on new staff recently – still on probation.
Some customers aren’t convinced about Japanese–
Brazilian fusion food.
There’s tension in the kitchen.
A member of staff has just quit.
Restaurant location: New York City

Strengths: New Yorkers are used to eating
international cuisines.
They offer high quality dishes served in a beautiful
restaurant with spectacular views of Manhattan.
The manager seems very experienced – I’ve been
in the restaurant business for a long time.
Waiting staff are motivated, super friendly and
attentive.
They hire Japanese and Brazilian staff to give it
an authentic feel.
The Brazilian cocktails are very popular with the
after-work crowd.
They’re fully booked this evening.
Weaknesses: Hygiene may be a problem. The
manager says staff always wash their hands,
but doesn’t mention disposable gloves, or
other measures.

Answer key
Review 1 Review 2
1 1
1 target audience 1 shots
2 secondary research 2 interests
3 Product testers 3 street
4 focus group 4 candid
5 launch … product 5 cooperative
6 in-depth interviews 6 leadership
7 gauge … impact 7 mentoring
8 online surveys 8 mistrust
9 isolated
2
1 don’t you 2
2 aren’t we 1 is the leader who/that is responsible for the final
3 were they outcome
4 didn’t we 2 we need to do is (to) make some changes before
5 did we starting production
6 did they 3 (that) he did was (to) contact the staff
7 shall we 4 is the new equipment that has been the biggest
8 doesn’t it problem
5 has done is (to) improve morale
3 6 wants is to be a successful businessperson /
1 think / L wants to be is a successful businessperson
2 considered / N 7 who/that worked the hardest was my assistant
3 interested / L 8 did was (to) hire a consultant
4 about / L
5 thoughts / N 3
6 feel / L 1 Putting
2 honesty
4 3 Drawing
1f 4 frank
2c 5 further
3e 6 rather
4a
5b 4
6d 1 direction
2 line
5 3 page
1 recent customer 4 commented
2 majority 5 tackle
3 in agreement 6 back
4 positive 7 dismiss
5 Just over 8 boat
6 of the
7 admitted 5
8 been damaged 1 Firstly
9 none of 2 would
10 demonstrated 3 so
4 Secondly
5 it
6 need
7 for
8 Finally
9 expect (want/need)
10 order

Answer key
Review 3 Review 4
1 1
1 prohibitive 1 deal
2 accountancy 2 extreme
3 deposited 3 face
4 withdrawal 4 growing
5 financial 5 pose
6 savings 6 predict
7 unstable
2 8 protect
1 credit card 9 sustainable
2 direct debit
3 rent 2
4 cash 1 has existed
5 cheques 2 have had
3 have always offered
3 4 have listened
1 fell behind with my rent 5 have re-designed
2 ran up a lot of debts / ran a lot of debts up 6 will have doubled
3 paid it back 7 hadn’t used
4 got by on very little money 8 had already viewed
5 worked out the costs / worked the costs out 9 has seen
6 looking forward to seeing 10 will have built
4 3
1 opportunity 1 heads / C
2 objective 2 interests / B
3 visualise 3 appreciate / B
4 aware 4 willing / C
5 attention 5 put / A
6 breakdown 6 Besides / A
5 4
1 picture 1 point / E
2 achieve 2 follow / B
3 backing 3 objectively / A
4 objections 4 overlooking / D
5 fail 5 benefits / C
6 down
7 warrant 5
1b
6 2d
1 express 3c
2 with 4e
3 request 5a
4 resolve
5 appreciate
6 forced
7 action
8 response

Answer key
Review 5 Review 6
1 1
1 personal perspective 1 turnaround
2 global mobility 2 gain
3 paying … deposit 3 outweigh
4 claim expenses 4 joint
5 developmental opportunity 5 stake
6 international network 6 foundation
7 acquisition
2 8 presence
1 adoption 9 access
2 Globalisation
3 relocate 2
4 shipping/shipment 1 ought to have spoken
5 compensation 2 couldn’t have broken
3 must have got
3 4 shouldn’t have bought
1 the time I’ve worked here have we been 5 can’t have refused
2 had he arrived in India than 6 might have been
3 circumstances should you go into the factory 7 can’t have written
4 will you need to work
5 was anyone impatient with me 3
1 point
4 2 most
1 aspect 3 issue
2 provided 4 about
3 find 5 feel
4 performance 6 potential
5 tendency 7 agreed
6 respond 8 compromise
5 4
1 twin 1 biggest mistake
2 nutshell 2 It meant that
3 clear 3 we’d spent
4 proves 4 I hadn’t expected
5 doubt 5 key takeaway
6 alone 6 All in all
7 undoubtedly 7 Going forward
8 matter
5
6 1 hope
1 for 2 form
2 at 3 appear
3 in 4 as
4 been 5 result
5 this 6 it
6 it 7 growth
7 too 8 result
8 there
9 such
10 all
11 much
12 very

Answer key
Review 7 Review 8
1 1
1b 1 define
2a 2 together
3b 3 gut-feeling
4b 4 identify
5c 5 evaluate
6a 6 examine
7c 7 reconsider
8c
2
2 1 not finishing his course
1e 2 talking to your line manager
2b 3 to be discussed
3a 4 telling my manager about the problem
4f 5 for not being there when the meeting started
5d 6 asking Olga to help
6c
3
3 1 though
1 knowing 2 personally
2 case 3 cloud
3 arise 4 matter
4 when 5 true
5 everything 6 harsh
6 unexpected
7 cover 4
1 no easy way
4 2 it looked like
1 radar 3 I’m not so
2 identified 4 beyond this
3 likely 5 a feeling for
4 analyse 6 negatively affected
5 probability 7 good intentions
6 catastrophic 8 a tricky situation
9 on hold
5
1E 5
2B 1c
3D 2f
4C 3e
5B 4b
6C 5d
7A 6a
8D
9E
10 B

Answer key
7 first
Pronunciation 8 first
9 second
1.2 Intonation in question tags 10 second
1 11 second
1 just checking 12 first
2 asking a question
3 asking a question
4 just checking 3.2 Stress in phrasal verbs
5 asking a question 1/2
6 just checking 1b
2a
3d
1.3 Indian English pronunciation 4c
1
1 second
2 second 3.3 Chunking and stress
3 first in presentations
4 first
5 second 1
6 first The second version is more effective.
7 first
8 second 2
9 second Just picture it. / There you are, / having the launch /
10 first at the beautiful / art deco / Ambassador Hotel, /
11 first which perfectly matches / the design of the beautiful
12 second gold bottle! / The paparazzi are there. / Celebrities
mingle. / It’s the event of the year. / The interior is
decorated / in a sumptuous manner. / Performers /
2.2 Intonation in cleft sentences provide extraordinary entertainment. / Your guests /
will be able to feel the anticipation / as they walk the
1A red carpet / on their way to the Ambassador’s
1 It’s his line manager who’s asking him to stay historic ballroom.
late this time.
2 It’s the CEO who he’s going to meet with
tomorrow. 4.2 Weak firms in perfect tenses
3 It’ll be the new supplier who’ll talk to him about
the problem. 1/2
(weak forms underlined, strong forms in bold)
1B 1 A: Do you think ransomware has existed for
1 What they did was to change the structure of the nearly thirty years?
feedback loops. B: Yes, I think it has.
2 The thing that works best for us is the weekly 2 A: Do you think they’ll have escaped capture?
meeting. B:I’m afraid they will.
3 What we failed to do was to keep the same 3 A: I don’t think they had brought the system
mistakes from happening. back online on Monday.
B: They had!
2.4 Southern U.S. English 5.1 Stress patterns in word

pronunciation building
1
1 second 1/2
2 first adopt → adoption (same)
3 second assign → assignment (same)
4 first compensate → compensation (different)
5 first immigrate → immigration (different)
6 second mobile → mobility (different)

Answer key
relocate → relocation (same) 3

ship → shipment (same) 1 Have you_ever lived in a high-rise building? /w/
tax → taxation (different) 2 It’s important to_anticipate possible dangers. /w/
3 Don’t forget to consider_all the risks. /r/
3 4 Make sure you know how to_exit safely. /w/
Oo: mobile
oO: adopt, assign 7.2 Intonation in conditionals
Ooo: compensate, immigrate
1
oOo: adoption, assignment, taxation
1 If she hadn’t met the right people, she wouldn’t
ooO: relocate
be where she is today.
ooOo: compensation, immigration, relocation
2 If Zurich wasn’t such an expensive city, we
oOoo: mobility
wouldn’t have spent our entire travel budget.
Oo: shipment
3 If I weren’t so hopeless at maths, I wouldn’t have
failed the economics module.
6.2 Weak forms in past modals 4 If Descartes hadn’t inspired Markowitz, he
wouldn’t have become interested in the economics
1/2 of uncertainty.
1 A: She might have forgotten about the meeting.
B: Yes, I think she must have.
2 A: You ought not to have told your boss. 8.2 South African English
B: No, perhaps I shouldn’t have. pronunciation
3 A: Couldn’t she have decided to stay with the
company? 1
B: She could have, but she didn’t want to 1 second
relocate. 2 second
4 A: Do you think she might have finished the 3 first
report? 4 first
B: She can’t have – she only started it this 5 first
morning. 6 second
7 first
8 second
6.4 Scottish English pronunciation 9 second
10 first
1 11 first
1 second 12 second
2 second
3 first
4 first 8.4 Stress and intonation
5 second
6 first in relationship-oriented
7 second decision-making
8 second
9 first 1
10 second 1 When we started this, we both had good
11 first intentions.
12 first 2 We need to decide on option A or B.
3 What do you think we can do about this?
4 Let’s just decide to postpone our decision.
7.1 Linking between words 5 That works for me.
6 I’m not sure. It’s a tricky situation.
2 7 Yes, we wanted to succeed.
1 Which floor_is most_at risk_in_a fire? 8 I know we do, but I don’t know which is best.
2 What_advice would you give_on how to
leave_in_an_emergency? 3
3 Which_electrical_equipment_is_a major risk_or_a 1→7
fire hazard? 2→8
3→6
4→5

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Answer key

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 1

3B When the original sentence is positive, we add

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 2

2 approach that they are not being listened to and

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 3

8 Effectiveness: It was a polite interruption which kept

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 4

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 5

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 6

11 peers 8 It is very difficult for them to no longer be close

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 7

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 8

2B 8 h: Manage different views positively

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 9

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 10

14 prohibitive/prohibited Have you withdrawn money from an ATM / cash

6 3.2 Managing money

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 11

12 initiative final preposition is category 2, e.g. ‘I’m working

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 12

paid off his student loans after four and a half 5

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 13

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 14

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 15

as the ability of tourists to adjust the timing of their 3

4.2 Cyber challenges 6

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 16

7 both are possible: is not / has not been 1B

8C Strong and uncompromising

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 17

4 9 Let’s put our heads together and [see if we

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 18

4 meet monthly and quarterly key performance 2B

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 19

3 2 Will I be able to cope without knowing the

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 20

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 21

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 22

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 23

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 24

Stakeholders will see changes in their share prices 6A

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 25

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 26

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 27

2 T (Enrique Martínez Romero is a consulting 6B

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 28

6 volatility and diversification 1B

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 29

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 30

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 31

They were a small decision-making team; it would 1B

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 32

6A to all your team about the advantages and

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 33

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 34

4A The new equipment will improve output in all

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 35

organise a mentoring programme for them to

Business Partner B2+ Coursebook © Pearson Education 2019 36