BRITISH STANDARD BS 1881-129:

1992

Testing concrete —
Part 129: Method for determination of
density of partially compacted semi-dry
fresh concrete
BS 1881-129:1992

Committees responsible for this

British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Technical Sector
Board for Building and Civil Engineering (B/-) to Technical Committee CAB/4,
upon which the following bodies were represented:

Association of Lightweight Aggregate Manufacturers

Association of Metropolitan Authorities
Association of Quality Pulverised Fuel Ash Suppliers
British Aggregate Construction Materials Industries
British Cement Association
British Civil Engineering Test Equipment Manufacturers Association
British Precast Concrete Federation
British Ready Mixed Concrete Association
Building Employers Confederation
Cement Admixtures Association
Cementitious Slag Makers Association
Concrete Society
County Surveyors’ Society
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency)
Department of Transport
Department of Transport (Transport and Road Research Laboratory)
Electricity Industry in United Kingdom
Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors
Institute of Concrete Technology
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Highways and Transportation
Institution of Structural Engineers
Institution of Water and Environmental Management
National House-building Council
Sand and Gravel Association
Society of Chemical Industry

The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard,
through subcommittees and panels:

Association of Consulting Scientists

Department of Trade and Industry (National Measurement Accreditation Service)

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Technical
Sector Board for Building and
Civil Engineering, was
published under the authority
of the Standards Board and
comes into effect on
Amendments issued since publication
28 February 1992
Amd. No. Date Comments
© BSI 12-1998

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference CAB/4
Draft for comment 91/13264 DC

ISBN 0 580 20442 1

 BS 1881-129:1992

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 Definitions 1
3 Apparatus 1
4 Calibration of the container 1
5 Sampling 2
6 Preparing the sample for test 3
7 Procedure 3
8 Calculation and expression of results 3
9 Precision 4
10 Test report 4
Figure 1 — Typical tamper for partially compacted semi-dry fresh
concrete density test 2
Table 1 — Dimensions of container 1
Table 2 — Precision data for density of partially compacted semi-dry
fresh concrete 4
Publication(s) referred to Inside back cover

© BSI 12-1998 i
BS 1881-129:1992

Foreword

This Part of BS 1881 has been prepared under the direction of the Technical
Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering. It describes a method of test for
determining the density of partially compacted semi-dry fresh concrete, primarily
to establish the correct yield when this type of concrete is produced by a ready
mixed concrete plant for applications such as kerb backing and blinding.
The density of compacted fresh concrete can be measured by the method
described in BS 1881-107 but that method is not applicable to concrete that
cannot be compacted by vibration alone. Semi-dry concrete has a very low
workability, with a slump generally not more than 5 mm when measured in
accordance with BS 1881-102. The method developed for this type of concrete
relies on compacting it by tamping, as used in the method for making no-fines
concrete test cubes described in BS 1881-113.
Tests in accordance with this Part of BS 1881 are not applicable to lean concrete
for road bases and other fully compacted very low workability concretes which
have their own methods of density measurement included in their specifications,
e.g. the Department of Transport Specification for Highway Works in respect of
cement bound material for roadbase and sub-base.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.

ii © BSI 12-1998
 BS 1881-129:1992

1 Scope Table 1 — Dimensions of container

This Part of BS 1881 describes a method for Nominal Inside Inside Minimum Nominal
capacity diameter height thickness internal
determining the density of partially compacted of metal radius
semi-dry fresh concrete. The method applies to plain between
and air-entrained concrete, made with aggregates wall and
base
having a nominal maximum size of 40 mm or less,
but not to concrete with a slump of more than 5 mm m3 mm mm mm mm
when tested in accordance with BS 1881-102. 0.01 200.0 320.0 4.0 20.0
NOTE 1 The method for the determination of density of
± 1.5 ± 1.5
concrete with a slump of more than 5 mm is described
in BS 1881-107. 3.3 Scoop, as described in 3.1 of BS 1881-101:1983.
NOTE 2 The titles of the publications referred to in this 3.4 Tamper, made of metal and of robust
standard are listed on the inside back cover.
construction comprising a rammer and a guide tube,
2 Definitions secured to the base of which is a flat metal bearing
plate. (See Figure 1 for typical construction.) The
For the purposes of this Part of BS 1881 the rammer shall have a mass of 2 500 ± 25 g and the
definitions given in BS 5328-1 and BS 1881-101 complete tamper of 7 700 ± 100 g. The rammer shall
apply, together with the following. be able to fall 300 ± 3 mm. The bearing plate shall
2.1 be circular of diameter 197.0 ± 1.5 mm and
density thickness not less than 12 mm.
mass of a quantity of partially compacted semi-dry NOTE A suitable apparatus is the 2.5 kg rammer for the
standard compaction test specified in BS 1377-4, made of mild
fresh concrete divided by its volume, expressed steel and having a circular mild steel bearing plate welded
in kg/m3 centrally to the bottom of the guide tube. A similar, but not
identical, apparatus that can also be used is described
2.2 in BS 1881-113.
semi-dry concrete
3.5 Straightedge, made of steel, not less
very low workability concrete with a low water than 300 mm in length and not less than 4 mm in
content and of a consistence producing a slump of thickness.
less than 5 mm, which is too low to be measured
3.6 Glass pipette, (if required), of known volume.
with precision by the test described in BS 1881-102
3.7 Sampling tray, minimum
3 Apparatus dimensions 900 mm × 900 mm × 50 mm deep of
rigid construction and made from a non-absorbent
3.1 Scales or balance, capable of weighing the
material not readily attacked by cement paste.
container (3.2) to an accuracy of 10 g or better at
calibration and to an accuracy of 25 g or better 3.8 Square mouthed shovel, size 2 in accordance
during the measurement of density. Suitable with BS 3388.
capacities are likely to be 20 kg for the calibration 3.9 Thermometer, 100 mm immersion, accurate to at
and 50 kg for the measurement of density. least 0.5 °C and complying with BS 593 or BS 1704.
The balance shall be calibrated on initial
commissioning and at least annually thereafter 4 Calibration of the container
using weights of which the accuracy can be traced to Weigh the empty container, place it on a horizontal
the national standard of mass. The balance shall be surface and fill it with water at a temperature
recalibrated after relocation or disturbance. A of 20 ± 5 °C so that no meniscus is above the rim. If
certificate stating the accuracy shall be obtained necessary, remove by means of a pipette a sufficient
from the organization carrying out these known volume of water to allow the container to be
calibrations. lifted and placed on the balance platform without
3.2 Container, watertight rigid cylinder of the loss of water. Weigh the container and water. Add
dimensions specified in Table 1, made of metal not the mass of any removed water to the mass of water
readily attacked by cement paste, having a smooth remaining in the container.
internal face, the rim machined to a plane surface, Calculate the capacity of the container, V, by
the rim and base at right angles to the axis, and dividing by 1 000 kg/m3 the mass of water, to the
provided with handles. nearest 10 g, required to fill the container. Express
the capacity to the nearest 0.00001 m3. Calibrate
the container before initial use and at least annually
thereafter.

© BSI 12-1998 1
BS 1881-129:1992

5 Sampling
Obtain the sample of fresh concrete by the
procedure described in BS 1881-101 or BS 1881-125.
Keep the sample covered to minimize evaporation.
Commence the determination of the density as soon
as possible, and not more than 30 min, after
sampling.

Figure 1 — Typical tamper for partially compacted semi-dry fresh concrete density test

2 © BSI 12-1998
 BS 1881-129:1992

6 Preparing the sample for test 7.2 Repeat the procedure described in 7.1 for a
second and third layer. For the fourth layer, overfill
CAUTION. When cement is mixed with water, alkali is released.
Take precautions to avoid dry cement entering the eyes, mouth the container and slightly heap the concrete
and nose when mixing concrete. Prevent skin contact with wet towards the centre and apply only five blows of the
cement or concrete by wearing suitable protective clothing. If rammer. Remove the tamper and add or remove
cement or concrete enters the eye, immediately wash it out
thoroughly with clean water and seek medical treatment without
sufficient concrete such that after a further 10 blows
delay. Wash wet concrete off the skin immediately. the surcharge of concrete is between 5 mm
6.1 Empty the sample from the sample container(s) and 10 mm above the rim of the container. If the
onto the sampling tray. Ensure that no more than a surcharge is not between 5 mm and 10 mm after
light covering of slurry is left adhering to the sample completion of compaction then repeat the test.
container(s). 7.3 With the straightedge, remove the surplus
6.2 Thoroughly mix the sample by shovelling it to concrete using a sawing action about 5 mm above
form a cone on the sampling tray and turning this the rim. Remove large aggregate particles
over with the shovel to form a new cone, the protruding above the rim individually. Then strike
operation being carried out three times. When the concrete off level with the rim and fill any holes
forming the cones, deposit each shovelful of the with fines from the surplus concrete, to obtain a
material on the apex of the cone so that the portions reasonably fiat and level surface. Care should be
which slide down the sides are distributed as evenly taken not to overcompact the concrete by applying
as possible and so that the centre of the cone is not undue pressure when finishing the surface.
displaced. Flatten the third cone by repeated Weigh the filled container, subtract the mass of the
vertical insertion of the shovel across the apex of the empty container and record the mass of concrete in
cone, lifting the shovel clear of the concrete after the container, m, to the nearest 25 g.
each insertion. Ensure that the flattened heap is 7.4 Empty and clean the container and then repeat
uniform in thickness and diameter. the procedures described in 7.1 to 7.3 on the second
6.3 Divide the sample into four portions by test portion.
quartering the flattened heap along two diameters
intersecting at right angles. Replace one pair of 8 Calculation and expression of results
diagonally opposite quarters into the sample 8.1 Calculation of density
container(s) and shovel the remainder into a heap
and remix as before. This material will form the first Calculate the density, D, (in kg/m3) for each test
test portion. Retain the second test portion in the portion using the following equation:
sample container(s) until required for testing. Then m
empty it onto the sampling tray and remix it as D = -----
V
described in 6.2.
where
7 Procedure m is the mass of concrete sample in the
container (in kg);
7.1 Use the scoop to place carefully a layer of
concrete about 110 mm deep into the container from V is the capacity of the container (in m3).
the first test portion. Level the surface of the Express the result to the nearest 10 kg/m3.
concrete with gloved fingers, taking care not to Calculate the average of the two determinations and
compact it. Carefully place the circular bearing the difference between them. If the difference
plate of the tamper on top of the concrete with the is 40 kg/m3 or more discard the results and repeat
axis of the tamper vertical. Raise the rammer to the the test on a new sample of concrete.
top of its travel so that it just touches the top of the
sleeve without slack. Allow the rammer to drop If the difference is 30 kg/m3 or less, report the
freely. Complete 15 such blows on the bottom layer average.
of concrete. 8.2 Calculation of the volume of concrete per
batch
If the volume of concrete produced per batch, Vb, is
required, calculate it (in m3) using the following
equation:

mc + ms + ma + mw
V b = ---------------------------------------------------- (2)
D

© BSI 12-1998 3
BS 1881-129:1992

where 10 Test report

10.1 General
ma is the mass per batch of coarse aggregate,
The test report shall affirm that the density was
in the condition used (in kg);
determined in accordance with this Part of BS 1881.
mc is the mass per batch of cement (in kg); The report shall also state whether or not a
ms is the mass per batch of fine aggregate, in certificate of sampling is available. If available, a
the condition used (in kg); copy of the certificate shall be provided.
10.2 Information to be included in the report
mw is the mass of mixing water added to the
batch (in kg); 10.2.1 Obligatory information
D is the density of partially compacted The following information shall be included in the
semi-dry fresh concrete obtained in test report:
accordance with 8.1 (in kg/m3). a) date, time and place of sampling and sample
identity number;
Express the result of an accuracy of 1 %. b) time and place of test;
c) identification number, capacity and date of
9 Precision latest calibration of the container;
Precision data are given in Table 2. d) density of partially compacted semi-dry fresh
Table 2 — Precision data for density of concrete sample;
partially compacted semi-dry fresh concrete e) name of person carrying out the test.
Average density Repeatability, r Reproducibility, R 10.2.2 Optional information
kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3
If requested, the following information shall be
2 035 30 30 included in the test report:
NOTE 1 The precision data were obtained in an experiment a) name of project and place where concrete was
carried out in 1988 involving 15 operators. The experiment was used;
designed and the data analysed following the principles given
in BS 5497-1. The material used was a 1.5 m3 batch of semi-dry
b) name of supplier and source of concrete;
fresh concrete, mixed from 20 mm gravel coarse aggregate, c) date and time of production of concrete or
grading M of BS 882:1983 fine aggregate and delivery to site;
containing 175 kg/m3 of ordinary Portland cement. Each operator
took a sample of at least 50 L and obtained two test results on this d) specification of concrete mix, e.g. GEN1, ST1.
sample, each test result being the average of two determinations.
Sampling and sample reduction was in accordance
with BS 1881-101.
NOTE 2 The difference between two test results obtained on
the same sample of semi-dry fresh concrete, within a short time
interval, by one operator using the same equipment will exceed
the repeatability limit r (see Table 2) on average in not more
than 1 in 20 cases in the normal and correct operation of the
method.
NOTE 3 The difference between two test results obtained on
different samples of the same load of semi-dry fresh concrete,
within a short time interval, by different operators each using
their own equipment will exceed the reproducibility limit R
(see Table 2) on average in not more than 1 in 20 cases in the
normal and correct operation of the method.

4 © BSI 12-1998
 BS 1881-129:1992

Publication(s) referred to

BS 593, Specification for laboratory thermometers.

BS 882, Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete.
BS 1377, Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes.
BS 1377-4, Compaction-related tests.
BS 1704, Specification for solid-stem general purpose thermometers.
BS 1881, Testing concrete.
BS 1881-101, Method of sampling fresh concrete on site.
BS 1881-102, Method for determination of slump.
BS 1881-107, Method for determination of density of compacted fresh concrete.
BS 1881-113, Method for making and curing no-fines test cubes.
BS 1881-125, Methods for mixing and sampling fresh concrete in the laboratory.
BS 3388, Specification for forks, shovels and spades.
BS 5328, Concrete.
BS 5328-1, Guide to specifying concrete.
BS 5497, Precision of test methods.
BS 5497-1,Guide for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility for a standard test method by
inter-laboratory tests.
Department of Transport. “Specification for Highway Works”1).

1) Referred to in the foreword only and obtainable from HMSO.

© BSI 12-1998
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