Section 1 Listening Comprehension 9. (A) Taking a test.

(B) Giving Spanish tests to students.

Part A (C) Paying for private lessons.
(D) Studying.
1. (A) Her notebook is missing.
(B) Her handwriting is difficult to read. 10. (A) The window is broken.
(C) She wasn't in class this morning, either. (B) He's nervous about opening the window.
(D) She's already lent her notes to someone else. (C) It's not possible to open the window.
(D) It's too cold to open the window.
2. (A) Get a schedule of events at the athletic center.
(B) Refer to the bus schedule. 11. (A) He wasn't offered the job he had talked
(C) Wait for the shuttle in the student lounge . about .
(D) Borrow a schedule from another student . (B) He didn't really want to work in the
bookstore .
3. (A) She looks good in blue. (C) He didn't know where the bookstore was.
(B) She never wears sweaters. (D) He didn't refuse the bookstore job.
(C) She might prefer another color.
(D) She enjoys receiving gifts. 12. (A) She needed to change the letter before
mailing it.
4. (A) Someone painted it for her. (B) She didn't know how much postage was
(B) She finally had time to paint it. needed.
(C) She decided to paint it later. (C) She didn't have the right coins to buy
(D) Some friends will help her paint it. stamps.
(D) The stamp machine has been moved .
5. (A) Today's seminar was informative.
(B) Another seminar will take place the following 13. (A) They should go to lunch soon.
week. (B) He needs to make more coffee for lunch .
(C) Next week’s seminar is on a different topic . (C) There is enough coffee for several more
(D) There will be two seminars next week. cups.
(D) He won't drink any more coffee today.
6. (A) He’s usually happy.
(B) He listens to music when he’s in a good 14. (A) There are too many shopping centers
mood. already.
(C) He had to pay a high price for his stereo. (B) They aren't really going to build a shopping
(D) He's pleased with his purchase. center.
(C) He knew about the planned construction .
7. (A) He can send the woman additional (D) He hasn't been to the other shopping center .
information.
(B) The woman received the wrong bill. 15. (A) She has to do some work tomorrow.
(C) He agrees that the charges are too high. (B) She'll attend tomorrow's performance .
(D) He'll credit the woman's account. (C) She doesn't intend to go to the play.
(D) She can't work at the theater tomorrow.
8. (A) Answer her calls.
(B) Take her home. 16. (A) She hasn't seen Kate.
(C) Write out a list of his calls. (B) Kate has changed her plans.
(D) Telephone her later in the day.
 (C) The man had misunderstood her. 24. (A) Pay Marsha for the bookshelf.
(D) The man should go to New York next week. (B) Ask Marsha where the bookshelf is.
(C) Check for the book on Marsha's shelf.
17. (A) He doesn't want to attend the graduation (D) Ask Marsha if she has an extra bookshelf.
ceremony.
(B) He's attended only one graduation 25. (A) The man can get some paper at the new
ceremony. store.
(C) The woman doesn't have to attend the (B) She just opened a new box of paper.
graduation ceremony. (C) She'll type the man's paper at her place .
(D) Attendance is taken at the graduation (D) The man can buy today's paper at the
ceremony. newsstand.

18. (A) Someone from the housing office fixed the 26. (A) She saw only part of it.
faucet. (B) She couldn't go to see it.
(B) Allen called the housing office for her. (C) She wasn't in charge of it.
(C) She replaced the faucet. (D) She didn't understand it.
(D) Allen repaired the faucet.
27. (A) He doesn't like old movies.
19. (A) He didn't know that the woman was class (B) He didn't see a large number of movies .
treasurer. (C) He saw more movies than the woman did.
(B) He doesn't want to be treasurer. (D) His children have seen many movies.
(C) He doesn't think the woman should run for
office. 28. (A) The airport is closed due to bad weather.
(D) He didn't know the elections were today. (B) An earlier closure affected the airport's
schedule.
20. (A) He doesn't have much time for tennis . (C) The flight is following its regular schedule.
(B) He's enthusiastic about his new courses. (D) The plane will return to its point of
(C) He plays tennis better than she does . departure.
(D) He's not very interested in his school work.
29. (A) She hadn't begun to study biology.
21. (A) He'll drive the woman to the paint store. (B) She hadn't liked the previous biology
(B) He doesn't really like the painting . course.
(C) He'll hold the painting for the woman . (C) She did very well in elementary biology.
(D) He doesn't know where the painting is . (D) She'd already taken all the biology courses .

22. (A) The man hurried through breakfast. 30. (A) She recently moved to Miami.
(B) The room is too warm for a sweater. (B) She needed a vacation.
(C) The man will be late if he doesn't hurry. (C) She'll leave for Miami soon.
(D) The man's appearance shows that he was (D) She was pleased to get his postcard.
rushed.
Part B
23 .(A) The doctor wasn't feeling well .
(B) He didn't see the new doctor. Questions 31-34
(C) The doctor isn't new to the infirmary.
(D) He met the doctor at a conference. 31. (A) It's too noisy.
(B) It's not convenient to the university.
 (C) The heating system is defective. Part C
(D) The owner is unpleasant.
Questions 39-41
32. (A) Tell the owner two months in advance that
she's moving. 39. (A) Summer vacation.
(B) Alert the housing authorities to her problem. (B) The housing office.
(C) Move to another apartment in the same (C) Resident advisers.
building. (D) Check-out procedures.
(D) Leave by the end of the month.
40. (A) Register for summer school.
33. (A) It must be on a higher floor. (B) Repair holes in room walls.
(B) It must have quiet surroundings. (C) Return their keys to the housing office.
(C) It must be within driving distance of the (D) Call the housing office.
university.
(D) It must be in a new building. 41. (A) Their summer addresses.
(B) Any damage to their rooms.
34. (A) Rent would be very expensive. (C) When they plan to leave.
(B) Public transportation wouldn't be available. (D) Questions for the housing office.
(C) Apartment complexes in Windsor are old.
(D) Apartments in Windsor tend to be noisy. Questions 42-45

42. (A) The liquefaction of gas.

(B) Techniques used for refrigeration.
Questions 35-38 (C) Materials used to make industrial containers
(D) The cost of transporting natural gas
35. (A) Start a new program at State College.
(B) Study at a different school.
(C) Find a summer job.
(D) Improve her grades. 43. (A) It becomes brittle.
(B) It expands.
36. (A) Journalism. (C) It oxidizes.
(B) Science. (D) It bends.
(C) Management.
(D) Art. 44. (A) It has a low melting point.
(B) It's expensive.
37. (A) Its reputation isn't as good as State College's (C) It often contains impurities.
(B) She can't get a good recommendation there. (D) Its properties are unpredictable.
(C) The registration office hasn't answered her
letters yet . 45. (A) Oxygen.
(D) She may not get accepted there . (B) Aluminum.
(C) Nickel.
38. (A) Use her professors as references. (D) Boron.
(B) Study more to improve her grades .
(C) Think more positively about the State Questions 46-50
College program.
(D) Write to the head of the art department .
46. (A) Behavior of owls in the wild. 3. Under the influence of Ezra Pound, Hilda
(B) Experiments at the London Zoo. Doolittle became associated with the Imagists,
(C) An investigation of accidental animal and ______ into one of the most original poets of
deaths. the group.
(D) An increase in insects at the zoo. (A) developed
(B) to be developing
47. (A) Owl cages. (C) who developed
(B) Insecticide spray. (D) developing it
(C) Sawdust.
(D) Mousetraps. 4. _____ all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches
the ground; some of it is lost through evaporation.
48. (A) Rats. (A) Nowhere
(B) Owls. (B) Not
(C) Mice. (C) No
(D) Insects. (D) None

49. (A) They choked on sawdust. 5. In an area first explored by Samuel de

(B) They were fed contaminated mice. Champlain, ______ .
(C) They were bitten by deadly insects. (A) establishment of the city of Halifax in 1749
(D) They escaped from the zoo. (B) in 1749 the city of Halifax established
(C) in 1749, establishing the city of Halifax
50. (A) To illustrate a principle about environmental (D) the city of Halifax was established in 1749
poisons.
(B) To demonstrate the usefulness of chemicals. 6. A nation's merchant marine is made up of its
(C) To show how bookkeepers raise mice in commercial ships and the people ______ them.
captivity. (A) they operate
(D) To prove a point about the building (B) who operate
industry. (C) they operate of
(D) do they operate
Section 2 Structure
7. ______ Nat Turner who led a revolt against
1 . Hanya Holm is a dancer, choreographer and slavery in Virginia in 1831.
_____ (A) Where was
(A) dance that she teaches (B) It was
(B) her teaching of dance (C) He was
(C) to teach dancing (D) That he was
(D) dance teacher
8. The most elaborate of all bird nests ______ ,
2. During an eclipse of the Sun, ______ in the domed communal structure built by social
shadow of the Moon. weaverbirds.
(A) the Earth lies (A) larger
(B) the Earth when lying (B) largely is
(C) that the Earth lies (C) the large
(D) the lying Earth (D) is the large
9. William Walker's mural, "Wall of Respect," (A) that of its mining and farming combined
______ an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals (B) mining and farming combination
with social issues. (C) that mining and farming combined
(A) covers (D) of its combination mining and farming
(B) covers it
(C) which covers 15. The wallflower ______ because its weak stems
(D) which it covers often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for
support.
10. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate (A) so called is
______ yield when unusual weight is placed on (B) so is called
them. (C) is so called
(A) although its crust and mantle (D) called is so
(B) its crust and mantle to Section 3 Reading Comprehension
(C) that its crust and mantle Questions1-11
(D) for its crust and mantle to
With its radiant color and plantlike shape, the
11. The columbine flower, ______ to nearly all of sea anemone looks more like a flower than an
the United States, can be raised from seed in animal. More specifically, the sea anemone is
almost any garden. formed quite like the flower for which it is named,
(A) native with a body like a stem and tentacles like petals in
(B) how native is brilliant shades of blue, green, pink, and red. Its
(C) how native is it diameter varies from about six millimeters in some
(D) is native species to more than ninety centimeters in the giant
varieties of Australia. Like corals, hydras, and
12. The photoperiodic response of algae actually jellyfish, sea anemones are coelenterates. They can
depends on the duration of darkness, ______ . move slowly, but more often they attach the lower
(A) the light is not on part of their cylindrical bodies to rocks, shells, or
(B) and not on light wharf pilings. 'The upper end of the sea anemone
(C) but is not on the light has a mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animal
(D) is not on light uses to capture its food. Stinging cells in the
tentacles throw out tiny poison threads that paralyze
13. ______, the first Black denomination in the other small sea animals. The tentacles then drag
United States. this prey into the sea anemone's mouth. The food is
(A) Richard Alien founded the African digested in the large inner body cavity. When
Methodist Episcopal Church disturbed, a sea anemone retracts its tentacles and
(B) Richard Alien, who founded the African shortens its body so that it resembles a lump on a
Methodist Episcopal Church rock. Anemones may reproduce by
(C) The African Methodist Episcopal Church forming eggs, dividing in half, or developing buds
founded by Richard Alien that grow and break off as independent animals.
(D) The foundation of the African Methodist
Episcopal Church by Richard Alien 1. Which of the following is the main topic of the
passage?
(A) The varieties of ocean life
(B) The characteristics of the sea anemone
14. The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is
greater than ______ .
(C) A comparison of land and sea anemones (A) hides under a rock
(D) The defenses of coelenterates (B) alters its shape
(C) changes colors
2. The work "shape" in line 1 is closest in meaning (D) ejects a poisonous substance
to
(A) length 9. The sea anemone reproduces by
(B) grace (A) budding only
(C) form (B) forming eggs only
(D) nature (C) budding or dividing only
(D) budding, forming eggs, or dividing
3. The author compares a sea anemone's tentacles to
a flower's. 10. Based on the information in the passage, all of
(A) stem the following statements about sea anemones
(B) petals are true EXCEPT that they
(C) leaves (A) are usually tiny
(D) roots (B) have flexible bodies
(C) are related to jellyfish
4. It can be inferred from the passage that hydras (D) arc usually brightly colored
(A) were named after a flower
(B) are usually found in Australia 11. Where does the author mention the, sea
(C) prey on sea anemones anemone's food-gathering technique?
(D) are related to sea anemones (A) Lines 1-2
(B) Lines 4-6
5. It can be inferred from the passage that sea (C) Lines 7-10
anemones are usually found (D) Lines 11-14
(A) attached to stationary surfaces
(B) hidden inside cylindrical objects Questions 12-23
(C) floating among underwater flowers
(D) searching for food Barbara Kasten is an artist who makes
photographs of constructions that she creates for
6. The word "capture" in line 8 is closest in meaning the purpose of photographing them. In her studio
to she arranges objects such as mirrors, solid forms,
(A) catch and flat surfaces into what could be called large still
(B) control life arrangements, big enough to walk into. She
(C) cover lights the construction, then rearranges and
(D) clean rephotographs it until she arrives at a final image.
She also photographs away from her studio at
7. The word "retracts" in line 11 is closest in various architectural sites, bringing camera, lights
meaning to mirrors, and a crew of assistants to transform the
(A) pulls back site into her own abstract image.
(B) relaxes
(C) reproduces Kasten starts a studio construction with a
(D) lifts up simple problem, such as using several circular
and rectangular mirrors . She puts the first objects in
8. According to the passage, when a sea anemone is place, sets up a camera, then goes back and forth
bothered it arranging objects and seeing how they appear in the
camera. Eventually she makes instant color prints to (D) see what the construction looks like at that
see what the image looks like. At first she works stage
only with objects, concentrating on their
composition; then she lights them and adds color 17. The word "composition" in line 12 is closest in
from lights covered with colored filters . meaning to
(A) arrangement
Away from the studio, at architectural sites, the (B) brightness
cost of the crew and the equipment rental means she (C) quality
has to know in advance what she wants to do. She (D) size
visits each location several times to make sketches
and test shots. Until she brings in the lights, 18. The word "them" in line 12 refers to
however, she cannot predict exactly what they will (A) prints
do to the image, so there is some improvising on the (B) lights
spot. (C) objects
(D) filters
12. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The techniques of a photographer 19. The word "shots" in line 16 is closest in
(B) The advantages of studio photography meaning to
(C) Industrial construction sites (A) injections
(D) An architect who appreciates fine art (B) photographs
(C) loud noises
13. Which of the following would be an example of (D) effective remarks
one of the "constructions" referred to in line 1?
(A) A still life arrangement 20. The word "they" in line 17 refers to
(B) Natural landscapes (A) architectural styles
(C) An instant color print (B) sketches
(D) A colored filter (C) colored filters
(D) lights
14. In line 2, why does the author mention mirrors?
(A) They are part of the camera. 21. Why does Kasten visit the location of outdoor
(B) Kasten uses them as subjects. work before the day of the actual shooting?
(C) The crew needs them. (A) To plan the photograph
(D) Photography mirrors life. (B) To purchase film and equipment
(C) To hire a crew
15. The word "transform" in line 6 is closest in (D) To test the lights
meaning to
(A) move 22. How is Kasten's studio work different from her
(B) extend work at architectural sites ?
(C) change (A) She does not use lights outdoors.
(D) interpret (B) Her work outdoors is more unpredictable.
(C) She works alone outdoors.
16. It can be inferred from the passage that Kasten (D) She makes more money from her work outdoors
makes instant prints to 23. Where in the passage does the author suggest
(A) give away that the constructions that Kasten photographs
(B) sell as souvenirs are life-sized?
(C) include as part of the construction (A) Lines 2-4
(B) Lines 5-7 degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out as they
(C) Lines 12- 14 reach the space around the planets- By the time the
(D) Lines 16-I7 Sun's corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak
and invisible.
Questions 24-33
24. The word "great" in line 4 is closest in meaning
The temperature of the Sun is over 5.000 to
degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to (A) dangerous
perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. (B) unknown
The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth that matter (C) variable
can exist only as a gas , except at the core. In the (D) strong
core of the Sun, the pressures are so great against
the gases that, despite the high temperature, there 25. With what topic is the second paragraph mainly
may be a small solid core. However, no one really concerned?
knows, since the center of the Sun can never be (A) How the Sun evolved
directly observed. (B) The structure of the Sun
(C) Why scientists study the Sun
Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is (D) The distance of the Sun from the planets
divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the
outside and going down into the Sun, the zones are 26. A1l of the following are Parts of the Sun 's
the corona, chromosphere , photosphere, convection atmosphere EXCEPT the
zone, and finally the core. The first three zones are (A) corona
regarded as the Sun's atmosphere. But since the Sun (B) chromosphere
has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the (C) photosphere
atmosphere ends and the main body of the Sun (D) core
begins.
27. The word "one" in line 13 refers to
The Sun's outermost layer begins about (A) the Sun
10,000 miles above the visible surface and goes (B) the corona
outward for millions of miles. This is the only part (C) an eclipse
of the Sun that can be seen during an eclipse such as (D) the surface
the one in February 1979. At any other time, the
corona can be seen only when special instruments 28. The purpose of the special instruments
are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the mentioned in line 14 is to
glare of the Sun's rays. (A) magnify the image of the Sun
(B) block out the Sun's intense light
The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy (C) measure the amount of energy emitted by the
light, about as bright as the full Moon. Its beautiful Sun
rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The (D) photograph the Sun
corona's rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has
wispy spikelike rays near the Sun's north and south 29. It can be inferred from the passage that a clear
poles. The corona is thickest at the Sun's equator . view of the Sun's outer layer is usually
prevented by
The corona rays are made up of gases (A) the Sun's rays
streaming outward at tremendous speeds and (B) an eclipse
reaching a temperature of more than 2 million
(C) lack of light that the ancient numeral systems are not amenable
(D) the great distance to even the simplest calculations is
largely based on lack of familiarity with these
30. The word "sensational'' in line 17 is closest in systems. It is clear that addition and
meaning to subtraction in a simple grouping system require
(A) spectacular only ability to count the number symbols of
(B) predictable each kind and then to convert to higher units. No
(C) bizarre memorization of number combinations is
(D) constant needed. In a ciphered numeral system , if sufficient
addition and multiplication tables have
31. According to the passage, as the corona rays been memorized , the work can proceed much as we
reach the planets, they become do it today.
(A) hotter
(B) clearer The physical difficulties encountered, however,
(C) thinner were quite real. Without a plentiful and
(D) stronger convenient supply of some suitable writing medium,
any very extended development of the
32. The paragraphs following the passage most arithmetic process was bound to be hampered .It
likely discuss which of the following? must be remembered that our common
(A) The remaining layers of the Sun machine-made pulp paper is little more than a
(B) The evolution of the sun to its present form hundred years old. The older rag paper was
(C) The eclipse of February 1 979 made by hand and was consequently expensive and
(D) The scientists who study astronomy scarce.

33.Where in the passage does the author compare 34.What is the main purpose of the passage?
the light of the Sun's outermost layer to that of (A) To emphasize the importance of the mental
another astronomical body? process in performing calculations
(A) Lines 2-3 (B) To explain why some elementary computing
(B) Lines 9-10 systems were not developed until the
(C) Line 16 fifteenth century.
(D) Lines 22-23 (C) describe how ancient counting systems differ
from those of the twentieth century
(D) To compare the mental and physical processes
used in arithmetic
Questions 34-42 .
35. The word "tardy" in line3 is closest in meaning
Many of the computing patterns used today in
to?
elementary arithmetic, such as those for performing
(A) historical
long multiplications and divisions, were developed
(B) basic
as late as the fifteenth century. Two reasons are
(C) unusual
usually advanced to account for this tardy
(D) late
development, namely, the mental difficulties and
the physical difficulties encountered in such work. 36. The word "these"in line 5 refers to
(A) patens
The first of these, the mental difficulties, must
(B) reasons
be somewhat discounted. The impression
(C) systems learning long divisions and in multiplications.
(D) calculations (D) Numeral systems invented before the fifteenth
century could not have been used to perform
37. The word "discounted" in line 5 is closest in elementary calculations .
meaning to
(A) reduced Questions 43-50 .
(B) contradicted
(C) disregarded The ecosystems of the Earth provide an array of
(D) interpreted free public services that are essential for the support
of civilizations . They maintain the quality of` the
38. The author states that doing calculations in a atmosphere , provide food from the sea.
simple grouping system requires Manufacture and replenish soils, recycle wastes and
(A) memorizing numerical combinations nutrients, control the overwhelming majority of
(B) using an adding machine crop pests and disease vectors, and so on.. People
(C) producing large quantities of a writing medium have no idea how to take over these activities
(D) converting number symbols to higher units satisfactorily. They do know, however, that the
theory once advanced in the nineteenth century -
39. The word "encountered" in line 12 is closest in that the productivity of the land can he infinitely
meaning to increased by the application of capital, labor, and
(A) faced science- is wrong. History has shown that once the
(B) caused natural life-support systems of a civilization have
(C) increased been sufficiently damaged, they cannot usually be
(D) discussed repaired. The ancient deforestation and overgrazing
of the Mediterranean region is a famous example.
40. The word "hampered" in line l4 is closest in And today ,a global civilization is ruining the
meaning to global environment.
(A) impeded
(B) concluded 41. What is the main topic of this passage?
(C) unnoticed (A) Free public services
(D) rejected (B) Support needed for civilizations
(C) The vaule of ecosystems
41. The author describes old rag paper as all of the (D) The vastness of the Earth
following EXCEPT
(A) handmade 44. The word "array" in line 1 is closest in meaning
(B) costly to
(C) scarce (A) large number
(D) delicate (B) excess
(C) requirement
42. The passage supports which of the following (D) model
conclusion ?
(A) Physical difficulties hindered the 45.The word "They" in line 2 refers to
development of computing patterns . (A) ecosystems
(B) Memorizing addition and multiplication tables (B) civilizations
is necessary for most elementary arithmetic (C) sea
processes . (D) people.
(C) Most people experience mental difficulties in
46. Which of the following could NOT be included
under the "free public services" listed in lines 2-
4?
(A) Preventing overgrazing by domestic animals
(B) Providing natural animals for harmful insects
(C) Creating and enriching material for plant growth
(D) Supplying air for breathing

47. The word "advanced" in line 6 is closest in

meaning to
(A) debated (B) ignored
(C) proved (D) proposed

48. The author mentions the Mediterranean region

as an example of
(A) the ability of nature to remedy human
destruction
(B) the ability of people to make use of natural
resources
(C) the manner in which people replenish
the environment
(D) the effects or human abuse of natural
resources

49. The author suggests that civilizations can

survive only if they
(A) greatly expand scientific research
(B) do not destroy the balance of natural
processes
(C) replant the forests in the Mediterranean region
(D) invent new procedures to replace obsolete
ecosystems

50. The author suggests that the difference between

the ancient and the modern situation is that
today the problem is
(A) worldwide
(B) better understood
(C) more manageable
(D) economic
Section 1 Listening Comprehension B. She will buy some detergent for the man.
1. A. The woman and the man have plans to eat C. The Laundromat is around the corner.
out together. D. The man can buy detergent at the store.
B. The woman would prefer to stay home this
evening. 9. A. It is next to the Holiday Motel.
C. The man has changed his mind about the new B. It is nicer than the Holiday Motel.
restaurant. C. It is very inexpensive.
D. The man is sorry he cannot join the woman D. It is a little farther than the Holiday Motel.
for dinner.
10. A. She does not believe it will snow.
2. A. A plane trip. B. Snow in October is unusual.
B. A rental car. C. Canadian winters are rather long.
C. A hotel room. D. Winter is her favorite season.
D. Concert tickets.
11. A. He lost his wallet on a trip to Germany.
3. A. The woman did not remember her B. His private lessons did not help him.
appointment. C. His German tutor charges a reasonable fee.
B. The woman needs to get a calendar. D. He plans to continue taking lessons.
C. The appointment must be changed to a
different day. 12. A. The committee has just begun to write the
D. The calendar shows the wrong month. report.
B. The report will be short.
4. A. The woman should continue driving. C. The committee members have just become
B. They will arrive late for dinner. acquainted.
C. He forgot to make reservations. D. The report is finished except for the
D. He is not sure what is wrong with the car. introduction.

5. A. She did not realize that their team had won. 13. A. They should play another time.
B. Their team nearly lost the game. B. They will probably have to play in the
C. She called to find out the score of the game. gym.
D. Their team usually wins its games. C. He prefers to play in the gym
D. It is not supposed to rain tomorrow.
6. A. Join him and Mary at the movie.
B. Ask Mary what she is doing tonight. 14. A. Type the letter as it is.
C. Invite a group of friends to go to the movie. B. Change some wording in his letter.
D. Tell Mary about the movie. C. Send the letter without typing it.
D. Check to make sure his facts are correct.
7. A. Professor Campbell changed the conference
time. 15. A. The woman should call the professor the
B. He is planning to stay until the conference next day.
is finished. B. He is canceling the choir rehearsal
C. He will not attend the concert. because of illness.
D. He will wait for the woman. C. The woman will feel better in a day or two.
D. He will turn up the heat in the choir room.
8. A. She recently purchased laundry detergent.
16. A. They should take another route to the bank. D. Change her work schedule.
B. They turned onto the wrong road.
C. The man will get to the bank before it 24. A. She can help the man until lunchtime.
closes. B. She cannot read the applications until
D. The bank will open soon. after her class.
C. She has a class after lunch.
17. A. Go out to eat when the museum closes. D. She also plans to apply to graduate school.
B. Check that the museum cafeteria is open.
C. Leave the museum temporarily 25. A. Mary will trim her hedge.
D. Meet each other later in the day. B. Phil has a better chance of winning.
C. Mary will win the election.
18. A. The woman should have thrown out the D. Phil will sit on the ledge.
newspapers herself.
B. He does not know where her paper is. 26. A. He thinks the woman's computer is broken.
C. The woman's paper is in the trash. B. He worked on the woman's computer for too
D. He does not have time to help her look for long.
her paper. C. He sometimes gets headaches after doing
computer work.
19. A. The woman can make her call tomorrow. D. He needs to take a longer break.
B. There is a problem with the woman's
telephone. 27. A. The library closed earlier than she expected.
C. The airline's offices are closed. B. She could not find a birthday present.
D. He does not know what the problem could C. She picked Jack up at the golf course.
be. D. The bookstore did not have what she was
looking for.
20. A. He is very hungry.
B. He has made plans to eat with someone else. 28. A. The equipment has already been locked up.
C. He did not like what he ate for lunch. B. The woman should be more careful with the
D. He will go with the woman. equipment.
C. He knows how to operate the equipment.
21. A. She is proud of the man. D. He will put the equipment away.
B. She does not want to see the man's test.
C. She also got a good grade. 29. A. The man did not give the woman the notes
D. She has not taken the test yet. she needed.
B. The man's notes were hard to understand.
22. A. He will tell the woman what to do. C. The woman wants to borrow the man's
B. The meeting will have to be postponed. sociology notes.
C. He will get the job done if he gets some D. The woman has to organize her psychology
instruction. notes.
D. He will need to throw away most of the
papers.

23. A. Find another sociology course.

B. Look for a job in the sociology department. 30. A. The man will find a job if he continues to
C. Ask someone to take notes for her on Friday. look.
 B. The man should look for a job in a different 37. A. A classical temple.
field. B. A well-known museum.
C. The man can get a job where the woman C. A modern office building.
works. D. A natural landscape.
D. The man should keep his current job.
38. A. Traditional views on the purpose of a
31. A. She will be able to join the economics museum.
seminar. B. Traditional values of Native Americans.
B. She has a new printer for her computer. C. Traditional notions of respect for elected
C. She finished paying back her loan. leaders.
D. She got an A on her term paper. D. Traditional forms of classical architecture.

32. A. The importance of paying back loans 39. A. They are examples of the usual sequence
promptly. of observation and explanation.
B. A way to help people improve their B. They provide evidence of inaccurate
economic conditions. scientific observation.
C. Using computers to increase business C. Their discovery was similar to that of the
efficiency. neutrino.
D. The expansion of international business. D. They were subjects of 1995 experiments at
Los Alamos.
33. A. It is the topic of his term paper.
B. He would like to find a job there. 40. A. Its mass had previously been measured.
C. His economics professor did research work B. Its existence had been reported by Los
there. Alamos National Laboratory.
D. Microcredit programs have been very C. Scientists were looking for a particle with no
successful there. mass.
D. Scientists were unable to balance
34. A. Cancel her credit card. equations of energy without it.
B. Sign up for the economics seminar.
C. Do research on banks in Asia. 41. A. That it carries a large amount of energy.
D. Type the man's term paper. B. That it is a type of electron.
C. That it is smaller in size than previously th
35. A. The life of a well-known Canadian architect. ought.
B. The architectural design of a new D. That it has a tiny amount of mass.
museum.
C. The variety of museums in Washington, 42. A. The clearing of New England forests.
D.C. B. The role of New England trees in British
D. The changing function of the modern shipbuilding.
museum. C. The development of the shipbuilding
industry in New England.
36. A. Both were designed by the same architect. D. The role of the British surveyor general in
B. Both are located in Washington, D.C. colonizing New England.
C. Both feature similar exhibits.
D. Both were built around a central square. 43. A. Law.
B. Mathematics.
 C. History. 1. In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the United
D. Engineering. States developed the reusable space shuttle
________to space cheaper and easier.
44. A. Sugar maple. A. to make access
B. Oak. B and making access
C. White pine. C. which made accessible
D. Birch. D. and made accessible.

45. A. Its width. 2. Genetically, the chimpanzee is more similar to

B. Its height. humans _______.
C. Its straightness. A. are than any other animal
D. Its location. B. than is any other animal
C. any other animal is
46. A. M D. and any other animal is
B. %
C. K 3. _______more than 65,000 described species of
D. -> protozoa, of which more than half are fossils.
A. Being that there are
47. A. How they swim long distances. B. There being
B. How they got their name. C. Are there
C. How they hunt. D. There are
D. How they solve problems.
4. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 ___ nearly
48. A. By changing its appearance. unanimously through the United States Congress.
B. By imitating signals that the other spiders A. passed
send. B. in passage
C. By spinning a large web. C. having passed
D. By imitating insects caught in a web. D. passing

49. A. Avoid attacks by other spiders. 5. Modern skyscrapers have a steel skeleton of
B. Cross some water. beams and columns ___a three-dimensional grid.
C. Jump to the edge of the tray. A. forms
D. Spin a long thread. B. from which forming
C. and forming
50. A. It would keep trying to reach the rock the D. that forms
same way.
B. It would try to reach the rock a different 6. The average level of United States prices grew
way. very little from 1953 until the mid-1960’s when
C. The scientists would move the spider to the ____________.
rock. A. did inflation begin
D. The scientists would place another spider in B. inflation began
the tray. C. the beginning of inflation
D. did the beginning of inflation
Section 2 Structure
7. The basis premise behind all agricultural 13. Newspaper publishers in the united states
production is _____available the riches of the soil have estimated ___________reads a
for human consumption. newspaper every day.
A. to be made A. nearly 80 percent of the adult population
B. the making who
C. making is B. it is nearly 80 percent of the adult population
D. to make C. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population
who
8. ___to the united states House of Representatives D. that nearly 80 percent of the adult
in 1791, Nathaniel Macon remained in office until population
1815.
A. Election 14. The foundation of all other branches of
B. Why he was elected mathematics is arithmetic, _ science of
C. Elected calculating with numbers.
D. Who was elected A. is the
B. the
9. ________ of classical ballet in the united states C. which the
began around 1830. D. because the
A. To teach
B. Is teaching 15. Nylon was ___the human-made fibers.
C. It was taught A. the first of which
D. The teaching B. what the first of
C. it the first of
10. The universe is estimated ___between 10 billion D. the first of
and 20 billion years old.
A. being
B. to be
C. which is
D. is.

11. A situation in which an economic market is

dominated by a ____ is known as a monopoly.
A. single of a product seller
B. product single of a seller
C. seller of a product single
D. single seller of a product

12. ____ freshwater species of fish build nests of

sticks, stones, or scooped-out sand..
A. As the many
B. Of the many
C. Many
D. Many of them are
Section 3 Reading Comprehension extra effort. If both parents are removed, the young
Question 1-10 generally do no survive.
All mammals feed their young. Beluga 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
whale mothers, for example, nurse their calves for A. The care that various animals give to their
some twenty months, until they are about to give offspring.
birth again and their young are able to find their B. The difficulties young animals face in obtaining
own food. The behavior of feeding of the young is food.
built into the reproductive system. It is a nonelective C. The methods that mammals use to nurse their
part of parental care and the defining feature of a young.
mammal, the most important thing that mammals-- D. The importance among young mammals of
whether marsupials, platypuses, spiny anteaters, or becoming independent.
placental mammals -- have in common.
2. The author lists various animals in line 5 to
But not all animal parents, even those that A. contrast the feeding habits of different types of
tend their offspring to the point of hatching or birth, mammals
feed their young. Most egg-guarding fish do not, for B. describe the process by which mammals came to
the simple reason that their young are so much be defined
smaller than the parents and eat food that is also C. emphasize the point that every type of mammal
much smaller than the food eaten by adults. In feeds its own young
reptiles, the crocodile mother protects her young D. explain why a particular feature of mammals is
after they have hatched and takes them down to the nonelective
water, where they will find food, but she does not
actually feed them. Few insects feed their young 3. The word "tend" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
after hatching, but some make other arrangement, A. sit on
provisioning their cells and nests with caterpillars B. move
and spiders that they have paralyzed with their C. notice
venom and stored in a state of suspended animation D. care for
so that their larvae might have a supply of fresh
food when they hatch. 4. What can be inferred from the passage about the
practice of animal parents feeding their young?
For animals other than mammals, then, feeding is A. It is unknown among fish.
not intrinsic to parental care. Animals add it to their B. It is unrelated to the size of the young.
reproductive strategies to give them an edge in their C. It is dangerous for the parents.
lifelong quest for descendants. The most vulnerable D. It is most common among mammals.
moment in any animal's life is when it first finds
itself completely on its own, when it must forage 5. The word "provisioning" in line 13 is closest in
and fend for itself. Feeding postpones that moment meaning to
until a young animal has grown to such a size that it A. supplying
is better able to cope. Young that are fed by their B. preparing
parents become nutritionally independent at a much C. building
greater fraction of their full adult size. And in the D. expanding
meantime those young are shielded against the
vagaries of fluctuating of difficult-to-find supplies.
Once a species does take the step of feeding its
young, the young become totally dependent on the
6. According to the passage, how do some insects The woodcut had been used in China from
make sure their young have food? the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to
A. By storing food near their young. textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe
B. By locating their nests or cells near spiders and until the fourteenth century, first for textile
caterpillars. decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts
C. By searching for food some distance from their are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a
nest. block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the
D. By gathering food from a nearby water source. grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws
the image in ink. The background is carved away,
7. The word "edge" in line 17 is closest in meaning leaving the design area slightly raised. The
to woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the
A. opportunity raised image. It is then transferred to damp paper
B. advantage either by hand or with a printing press.
C. purpose
D. rest Engraving, which grew out of the
goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern
8. The word "it" in line 20 refers to Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an
A. Feeding intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve").
B. moment The image is incised into a highly polished metal
C. young animal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or
D. size burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so
that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An
9. According to the passage, animal young are most impression is made on damp paper in a printing
defenseless when press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that
A. their parents are away searching for food the paper picks up the ink.
B. their parents have many young to feed
C. they are only a few days old Both woodcut and engraving have
D. they first become independent distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to
subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine
10. The word "shielded" in line 22 is closest in lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the
meaning to degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend
A. raised to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between
B. protected light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the
C. hatched production of multiple images. A set of multiples is
D. valued called an edition. Both methods can yield several
hundred good-quality prints before the original
Question 11-21: block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Mass
Printmaking is the generic term for a number production of prints in the sixteenth century made
of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader
two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a public than before.
sheet of paper (or other material) against an image- 11. What does the passage mainly discuss?
bearing surface to which ink has been applied. A. The origins of textile decoration
When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, B. The characteristics of good-quality prints
but in reverse. C. Two types of printmaking
D. Types of paper used in printmaking
 18. The word "yield" in line 23 is closest in
12. The word "prime" in line 2 is closest in meaning meaning
to to
A. principal A. imitate
B. complex B. produce
C. general C. revise
D. recent D. contrast

13. The author's purposes in paragraph 2 is to 19. According to the passage, what do woodcut and
describe engraving have in common?
A. the woodcuts found in China in the fifth century A. Their designs are slightly raised.
B. the use of woodcuts in the textile industry B. They achieve contrast through hatching and
C. the process involved in creating a woodcut cross-
D. the introduction of woodcuts to Europe hatching.
C. They were first used in Europe.
14. The word "incised" in line 15 is closest in D. They allow multiple copies to be produced from
meaning to one original.
A. burned
B. cut 20. According to the author, what made it possible
C. framed for members of the general public to own prints
D. baked in the sixteenth century?
A. Prints could be made at low cost.
15. Which of the following terms is defined in the B. The quality of paper and ink had improved.
passage C. Many people became involved in the
A. "patterns"(line 5) printmaking
B. "grain"(line 8) industry.
C. "burin"(line 16) D.Decreased demand for prints kept prices
D. "grooves"(line 17) affordable.

16. The word "distinctive" in line 19 is closest in 21. According to the passage, all of the following
meaning to are
A. unique true about prints EXCEPT that they
B. accurate A. can be reproduced on materials other than paper
C. irregular B. are created from a reversed image
D. similar C. show variations between light and dark shades
D. require a printing press
17. According to the passage, all of the following
are Questions 22-31:
true about engraving EXCEPT that it The first peoples to inhabit what today is the
A. developed from the art of the goldsmiths southeastern United States sustained themselves as
B. requires that the paper be cut with a burin hunters and gathers. Sometimes early in the first
C. originated in the fifteenth century millennium A.D., however, they began to cultivate
D. involves carving into a metal plate corn and other crops. Gradually, as they became
more skilled at gardening, they settled into
permanent villages and developed a rich culture,
characterized by the great earthen mounds they A. The development of agriculture
erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for B. The locations of towns and villages
their distinguished dead. Most of these early mound C. The early people and cultures of the United
builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, States
which had its beginnings near the Ohio River and D. The construction of burial mounds
takes its name from sites in Ohio. The culture
spread southward into the present-day states of 23. Which of the following resulted from the rise of
Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Its agriculture in the southeastern United States?
peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, A. The development of trade in North America
pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along B. The establishment of permanent settlements
extensive trading networks that stretched up and C. Conflicts with other Native American groups
down eastern North America and as far west as the over
Rocky Mountains. land
D. A migration of these peoples to the Rocky
About A.D. 400, the Hopewell culture fell Mountains.
into decay. Over the next centuries, it was
supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, 24. What does the term "Adena-Hopewell"(line 7)
named after the river along which many of its designate?
earliest villages were located. This complex A. The early locations of the Adena-Hopewell
civilization dominated the Southeast from about culture
A.D. 700 until shortly before the Europeans began B. The two most important nations of the Adena-
arriving in the sixteenth century. At the peak of its Hopewell culture
strength, about the year 1200, it was the most C. Two former leaders who were honored with large
advanced culture in North America. Like their burial mounds.
Hopewell predecessors, the Mississippians became D. Two important trade routes in eastern North
highly skilled at growing food, although on a America
grander scale. They developed an improved strain
of corn, which could survive in wet soil and a 25. The word "bartering" in line 9 is closest in
relatively cool climate, and also learned to cultivate meaning to
beans. Indeed, agriculture became so important to A. producing
the Mississippians that it became closely associated B. exchanging
with the Sun --- the guarantor of good crops. Many C. transporting
tribes called themselves "children of the Sun" and D. loading
believed their omnipotent priest-chiefs were
descendants of the great sun god. 26. The word "supplanted" in line 13 is closest in
meaning to
Although most Mississippians lived in small A. conquered
villages, many others inhabited large towns. Most of B. preceded
these towns boasted at least one major flat-topped C. replaced
mound on which stood a temple that contained a D. imitated
sacred flame. Only priests and those charged with
guarding the flame could enter the temples. The 27. According to the passage, when did the
mounds also served as ceremonial and trading sites, Mississippian culture reach its highest point of
and at times they were used as burial grounds. development?
22. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. About A.D. 400
B. Between A.D. 400 AND A.D. 700 D. burial sites
C. About A.D. 1200
D. In the sixteenth century Question 32-40:
Overland transport in the United States was
28. According to the passage, how did the still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were few
agriculture and short, usually extending from inland
of the Mississippians differ from that of their communities to the nearest river town or seaport.
Hopewell predecessors? Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by
A. The Mississippians produced more durable and sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the
larger crops of food. seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the
B. The Mississippians sold their food to other threshold of a new era of road development. Unable
groups. to finance road construction, states turned for help
C. The Mississippians could only grow plants in to private companies, organized by merchants and
warm, dry climates. land speculators who had a personal interest in
D. The Mississippians produced special foods for improved communications with the interior. The
their religious leaders. pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania,
which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a
29. Why does the author mention that many turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or
Mississippians tribes called themselves payment, is collected, from Philadelphia to
"children Lancaster. The legislature gave the company the
of the Sun"(line 22)? authority to erect tollgates at points along the road
A. To explain why they were obedient to their where payment would be collected, though it
priest- carefully regulated the rates. (The states had
chiefs. unquestioned authority to regulate private business
B. To argue about the importance of religion in their in this period.)
culture.
C. To illustrate the great importance they placed on The company built a gravel road within two
agriculture. years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike
D. To provide an example of their religious rituals. encouraged imitation. Northern states generally
relied on private companies to build their toll roads,
30. The phrase "charged with" in line 26 is closest but Virginia constructed a network at public
in expense. Such was the road building fever that by
meaning to 1810 New York alone had some 1,500 miles of
A. passed on turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie.
B. experienced at
C. interested in Transportation on these early turnpikes
D. assigned to consisted of freight carrier wagons and passenger
stagecoaches. The most common road freight carrier
31. According to the passage, the flat-topped was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle developed in
mounds the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants
in Mississippian towns were used for all of the in the area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It
following purposes EXCEPT featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all but
A. religious ceremonies the deepest ruts and holes, and its round bottom
B. meeting places for the entire community prevented the freight from shifting on a hill.
C. sites for commerce Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six
horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin D. Private companies had greater knowledge of the
as the primary symbol of the frontier. Passengers interior.
traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the most
common of which had four benches, each holding 37. The word "it" in line 11 refers to
three persons. It was only a platform on wheels, A. legislature
with no springs; slender poles held up the top, and B. company
leather curtains kept out dust and rain. C. authority
D. payment
32. Paragraph 1 discusses early road building in the
United States mainly in terms of the 38. The word "imitation" in line 14 is closest in
A. popularity of turnpikes meaning to
B. financing of new roads A. investment
C. development of the interior B. suggestion
D. laws governing road use C. increasing
D. copying

33. The word "primitive" in line 1 is closest in 39. Virginia is mentioned as an example of a state
meaning to that
A. unsafe A. built roads without tollgates
B. unknown B. built roads with government money
C. inexpensive C. completed 1,500 miles of turnpikes in one year
D. undeveloped D. introduced new law restricting road use

34. In 1790 most roads connected towns in the 40. The "large, broad wheels" of the Conestoga
interior of the country with wagon are mentioned in line 21 as an example
A. other inland communities of
B. towns in other states a feature of wagons that was
C. river towns or seaports A. unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehicles
D. construction sites B. first found in Germany
C. effective on roads with uneven surfaces
35. The phrase "on the threshold of" in line 4 and 5 D. responsible for frequent damage to freight
is closest in meaning to
A. in need of Question 41- 50:
B. in place of In Death Valley, California, one of the
C. at the start of hottest, most arid places in North America, there is
D. with the purpose of much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively.
Inhabitants of areas elsewhere, where streets and
36. According to the passage, why did states want highways are salted to control ice, are familiar with
private companies to help with road building? the resulting rust and deterioration on cars. That
A. The states could not afford to build roads attests to the chemically corrosive nature of salt, but
themselves. it is not the way salt destroys rocks. Salt breaks
B. The states were not as well equipped as private rocks apart principally by a process called crystal
companies. prying and wedging. This happens not by soaking
C. Private companies could complete roads faster the rocks in salt water, but by moistening their
than the states. bottoms with salt water. Such conditions exist in
many areas along the eastern edge of central Death 42. The word "it" in line 9 refers to
Valley. There, salty water rises from the A. salty water
groundwater table by capillary action through tiny B. groundwater table
spaces in sediment until it reaches the surface. C. capillary action
D. sediment
Most stones have capillary passages that
suck salt water from the wet ground. Death Valley 43. The word "exert" in line 14 is closest in
provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily meaning
temperatures, which promote evaporation and the to
formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other A. put
openings within stones. These crystals grow as long B. reduce
as salt water is available. Like tree roots breaking C. replace
up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure D. control
on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along
planes of weakness, such as banding in 44. In lines 13-17, why does the author compare
metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, tree
or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along roots with growing salt crystals?
boundaries between individual mineral crystals or A. They both force hard surfaces to crack.
grains. Besides crystal growth, the expansion of B. They both grow as long as water is available.
halite crystals(the same as everyday table salt) by C. They both react quickly to a rise in temperature.
heating and of sulfates and similar salts by D. They both cause salty water to rise from the
hydration can contribute additional stresses. A rock groundwater table.
durable enough to have withstood natural conditions
for a very long time in other areas could probably 45. In lines 17-18, the author mentions the
be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering "expansion of halite crystals...by heating and of
within a few generations. sulfates and similar salts by hydration" in order
to
The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, A. present an alternative theory about crystal
or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly growth
carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and B. explain how some rocks are not affected by salt
wedging, as does ordinary ice. Weathering by a C. simplify the explanation of crystal prying and
variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide wedging
phenomenon. Not restricted to arid regions, intense D. introduce additional means by which crystals
salt weathering occurs mostly in salt-rich places like destroy rocks
the seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry
Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert sections of 46. The word "durable" in line 19 is closest in
Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia. meaning to
A. large
41. What is the passage mainly about? B. strong
A. The destructive effects of salt on rocks. C. flexible
B. The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley. D. pressured
C. The amount of salt produced in Death Valley.
D. The damaging effects of salt on roads and 47. The word "shattered" in line 20 is closest in
highways. meaning to
A. arranged
B. dissolved
C. broken apart
D. gathered together

48. The word "dominant" in line 22 is closest in

meaning to
A. most recent
B. most common
C. least available
D. least damaging

49. According to the passage, which of the

following
is true about the effects of salts on rocks?
A. Only two types of salts cause prying and
wedging.
B. Salts usually cause damage only in combination
with ice.
C. A variety of salts in all kinds of environments
can
cause weathering.
D. Salt damage at the seashore is more severe than
salt damage in Death Valley,

50. Which of the following can be inferred from the

passage about rocks that are found in areas
where
ice is common?
A. They are protected from weathering.
B. They do not allow capillary action of water.
C. They show similar kinds of damage as rocks in
Death Valley.
D. They contain more carbonates than sulfates.
 10. (A) The window is broken.
Section 1 Listening Comprehension (B) He's nervous about opening the window.
Part A (C) It's not possible to open the window.
(D) It's too cold to open the window.
1. (A) Her notebook is missing.
(B) Her handwriting is difficult to read. 11. (A) He wasn't offered the job he had talked
(C) She wasn't in class this morning, either. about.
(D) She's already lent her notes to someone else. (B) He didn't really want to work in the
bookstore .
2. (A) Get a schedule of events at the athletic center. (C) He didn't know where the bookstore was.
(B) Refer to the bus schedule. (D) He didn't refuse the bookstore job.
(C) Wait for the shuttle in the student lounge . ¡¡
(D) Borrow a schedule from another student . 12. (A) She needed to change the letter before
mailing it.
3. (A) She looks good in blue. (B) She didn't know how much postage was
(B) She never wears sweaters. needed.
(C) She might prefer another color. (C) She didn't have the right coins to buy
(D) She enjoys receiving gifts. stamps.
(D) The stamp machine has been moved .
4. (A) Someone painted it for her.
(B) She finally had time to paint it. 13. (A) They should go to lunch soon.
(C) She decided to paint it later. (B) He needs to make more coffee for lunch .
(D) Some friends will help her paint it. (C) There is enough coffee for several more
cups.
5. (A) Today's seminar was informative. (D) He won't drink any more coffee today.
(B) Another seminar will take place the
following week. 14. (A) There are too many shopping centers
(C) Next week's seminar is on a different topic . already.
(D) There will be two seminars next week. (B) They aren't really going to build a shopping
center.
6. (A) He's usually happy. (C) He knew about the planned construction .
(B) He listens to music when he's in a good (D) He hasn't been to the other shopping center .
mood.
(C) He had to pay a high price for his stereo. 15. (A) She has to do some work tomorrow.
(D) He's pleased with his purchase. (B) She'll attend tomorrow's performance .
(C) She doesn't intend to go to the play.
7. (A) He can send the woman additional (D) She can't work at the theater tomorrow.
information.
(B) The woman received the wrong bill. 16. (A) She hasn't seen Kate.
(C) He agrees that the charges are too high. (B) Kate has changed her plans.
(D) He'll credit the woman's account. (C)The man had misunderstood her.
(D) The man should go to New York next week.
8. (A) Answer her calls.
(B) Take her home. 17. (A) He doesn't want to attend the graduation
(C) Write out a list of his calls. ceremony.
(D) Telephone her later in the day. (B) He's attended only one graduation
ceremony.
9. (A) Taking a test. (C) The woman doesn't have to attend the
(B) Giving Spanish tests to students. graduation ceremony.
(C) Paying for private lessons. (D) Attendance is taken at the graduation
(D) Studying. ceremony.
18. (A) Someone from the housing office fixed the 27. (A) He doesn't like old movies.
faucet. (B) He didn't see a large number of movies .
(B) Allen called the housing office for her. (C) He saw more movies than the woman did.
(C) She replaced the faucet. (D) His children have seen many movies.
(D) Allen repaired the faucet.
28. (A) The airport is closed due to bad weather.
19. (A) He didn't know that the woman was class (B) An earlier closure affected the airport's
treasurer. schedule.
(B) He doesn't want to be treasurer. (C) The flight is following its regular schedule.
(C) He doesn't think the woman should run for (D) The plane will return to its point of
office. departure.
(D) He didn't know the elections were today.
29. (A) She hadn't begun to study biology.
20. (A) He doesn't have much time for tennis . (B) She hadn't liked the previous biology
(B) He's enthusiastic about his new courses. course.
(C) He plays tennis better than she does . (C) She did very well in elementary biology.
(D) He's not very interested in his school (D) She'd already taken all the biology courses .
work.
30. (A) She recently moved to Miami.
21. (A) He'll drive the woman to the paint store. (B) She needed a vacation.
(B) He doesn't really like the painting . (C) She'll leave for Miami soon.
(C) He'll hold the painting for the woman . (D) She was pleased to get his postcard.
(D) He doesn't know where the painting is .
Part B
22. (A) The man hurried through breakfast.
(B) The room is too warm for a sweater. Questions 31-34
(C) The man will be late if he doesn't hurry.
(D) The man's appearance shows that he was 31. (A) It's too noisy.
rushed. (B) It's not convenient to the university.
(C) The heating system is defective.
23 .(A) The doctor wasn't feeling well . (D) The owner is unpleasant.
(B) He didn't see the new doctor.
(C) The doctor isn't new to the infirmary. 32. (A) Tell the owner two months in advance
(D) He met the doctor at a conference. that she's moving.
(B) Alert the housing authorities to her problem.
24. (A) Pay Marsha for the bookshelf. (C) Move to another apartment in the same
(B) Ask Marsha where the bookshelf is. building.
(C) Check for the book on Marsha's shelf. (D) Leave by the end of the month.
(D) Ask Marsha if she has an extra bookshelf.
33. (A) It must be on a higher floor.
25. (A) The man can get some paper at the new (B) It must have quiet surroundings.
store. (C) It must be within driving distance of the
(B) She just opened a new box of paper. university.
(C) She'll type the man's paper at her place . (D) It must be in a new building.
(D) The man can buy today's paper at the
newsstand. 34. (A) Rent would be very expensive.
(B) Public transportation wouldn't be
26. (A) She saw only part of it. available.
(B) She couldn't go to see it. (C) Apartment complexes in Windsor are old.
(C) She wasn't in charge of it. (D) Apartments in Windsor tend to be noisy.
(D) She didn't understand it.
Questions 35-38
35. (A) Start a new program at State College. (C) It oxidizes.
(B) Study at a different school. (D) It bends.
(C) Find a summer job.
(D) Improve her grades. 44. (A) It has a low melting point.
(B) It's expensive.
36. (A) Journalism. (C) It often contains impurities.
(B) Science. (D) Its properties are unpredictable.
(C) Management.
(D) Art. 45. (A) Oxygen.
(B) Aluminum.
37. (A) Its reputation isn't as good as State (C) Nickel.
College's. (D) Boron.
(B) She can't get a good recommendation there .
(C) The registration office hasn't answered her Questions 46-50
letters yet .
(D) She may not get accepted there . 46. (A) Behavior of owls in the wild.
(B) Experiments at the London Zoo.
38. (A) Use her professors as references. (C) An investigation of accidental animal
(B) Study more to improve her grades . deaths.
(C) Think more positively about the State (D) An increase in insects at the zoo.
College program .
(D) Write to the head of the art department . 47. (A) Owl cages.
(B) Insecticide spray.
Part C (C) Sawdust.
(D) Mousetraps.
Questions 39-41
48. (A) Rats.
39. (A) Summer vacation. (B) Owls.
(B) The housing office. (C) Mice.
(C) Resident advisers. (D) Insects.
(D) Check-out procedures.
49. (A) They choked on sawdust.
40. (A) Register for summer school. (B) They were fed contaminated mice.
(B) Repair holes in room walls. (C) They were bitten by deadly insects.
(C) Return their keys to the housing office. (D) They escaped from the zoo.
(D) Call the housing office.
50. (A) To illustrate a principle about
41. (A) Their summer addresses. environmental poisons.
(B) Any damage to their rooms. (B) To demonstrate the usefulness of chemicals.
(C) When they plan to leave. (C) To show how bookkeepers raise mice in
(D) Questions for the housing office. captivity.
(D) To prove a point about the building
Questions 42-45 industry.

42. (A) The liquefaction of gas.

(B) Techniques used for refrigeration.
(C) Materials used to make industrial
containers .
(D) The cost of transporting natural gas

43. (A) It becomes brittle.

(B) It expands.
LISTENING 2 34. C. Phases of language development in young
children.
1. A. The man should go to the museum by
35. C. They are among the first sounds babies
shuttle bus.
make.
2. D. The man should have studied for the
36. A. Their voice box is not positioned
exam.
correctly yet.
3. A. A new building.
37. D. When children lear to associate sounds
4. B. Use computer in the lab.
with meaning.
5. A. She got her watch where his sister works.
38. B. How children are able to learn language.
6. A. Find out if classes are cancelled
39. B. Communication over long distances in
7. B. She is spending a lot of time in the
North America.
library.
40. C. The fees of several couriers were
8. A. Try to fix what is wrong with the
included in the charge.
computer.
41. D. A funeral.
9. B. She wants the man to choose quickly.
42. C. Attracting birds.
10. B. She can return the CD to Tom later.
43. B. They like to eat them.
11. B. Make an appointment at the clinic soon.
44. D. They are baked in the oven.
12. C. Look at other apartments before deciding.
45. A. It makes the clean and free of germs.
13. D. He is not on the basketball team.
46. C. She collects birds nests.
14. B. Buy the green shirt.
47. A. How to prevent landslides in populated
15. C. The woman is planning to start a new job.
areas.
16. D. See a play with her aunt.
48. B. They can reveal unsafe conditions for
17. C. She thinks she will not need financial aid.
building.
18. B. The woman does not have to pay extra
49. B. It helps keep the soil in place.
for it.
50. D. A wall that stops water from draining.
19. A. A small town can have negative qualities.
20. D. He will not able to coordinate the LISTENING 3
program again.
1. B. She never heard of the comedy club
21. C. He is late for an appointment with the
2. D. Check with the store later
man and woman.
22. B. She can get the materials they gave out at 3. B. She doesn’t play volley ball anymore
the meeting. 4. A. The man can’t afford to fail such an
23. A. He probably will not able to follow the important assignment
professor’s advice. 5. D. Finish her paper later that afternoon
24. B. He doubts that the theater group will 6. B. He was unable to buy a gift
perform a musical next year. 7. A. He’d be happy to help the woman move
25. C. He wants an appartment near his work. her desk
26. D. The elections would be held later. 8. –
27. A. He did not recommend the lecture. 9. A. He wants chocolate ice cream instead
28. D. She intends to go see the movie. 10. C. She liked the movie
29. C. Ways should he found to use less water. 11. –
30. C. The new manual has not been completed 12. –
yet.
13. A. She really like the concert she attended
31. C. The class reading list.
14. –
32. D. The main character gets into trouble.
15. B. He needs a table for six
33. A. Some British reviewers wrote favorably
about it. 16. A. He usually prefers to shop in the morning
17. A. Prepare the medicine for the man
18. C. At dry cleanser’s
19. B. There isn’t enough food for them both STRUCTURE 1
20. A. Her arm is healing quickly
Directions : Questions 1-4- are complete sentences
21. C. Both women have had there hair cut there you will see, four words or phrases, market (A), (B),
22. B. She agrees with the man (C) and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that
23. A. The man should tke which ever class he best complete the sentences
needs more
24. B. Hang up the handphone 1. A dominant animal is best defined as one ….
25. – Actions are not constrained by possible
26. C. He always bears the buzzer responses of its fellows.
27. – a) With
28. A. She will arrive in the dallas earlier than b) That is
expetied c) Whose
29. – d) Where its
30. A. Ed’s atitides would be easy to change
31. B. He has to do a lot of reading for his job 2. In general, …. Have a professional obligation to
32. A. She has taken a speed reading class protect confidential sources of information.
33. B. Concern about the time commitment a. Which journalists
34. D. At the dean’s office b. Journalists, they
35. – c. Journalists
36. B. She has more experience making prints d. Journalists that
than the man does
3. Cobalt resembles iron and nickel in tensile
37. A. By systematically reviewing each step in
strength, appreance,…
process
a. Is hard
38. B. He adjusted the pressure on the printing
b. Although hard
press incorrectly
c. Has hardness
39. C. Finding butterfly habitats
d. And hardness
40. C. Many different butterfly species live there
41. B. Looking for mate
4. …. Explores the nature of guilt and
42. C. To observe the migration of the monarch
responsibility and builds to a remarkable
butterflies.
conclusion.
43. A. A lecture
a. The written beautifully novel
44. B. To make it easier for people with
b. The beautifully written novel
disabilities to attend shows
c. The novel beautifully written
45. B. A student discount program,
d. The written novel beautifully
46. A. Ticket stubs
47. B. A potential application of laser
5. He is a man …. To have the vision of an eagle
technology
and courage of a lion.
48. B. It would be more durable than
a. Who appears
conventional engines.
b. He appears
49. B. Air
c. Who appear
50. A. A laser-powered train engine will be
d. He appear
marketed soon.
6. …. Getting the highest result in the class, john a. Most stocks are
still had problems with his teacher. b. Stocks most
a. Despite of c. The most stocks
b. In spite of d. Most are stocks
c. Even though
d. Nonetheless 13 ….. was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for
this work on the phoneletric effect.
7. This new service will be available to all users …. a. That enstein
Up for paid membership. b. It was enstein
a. That signed c. Enstein who
b. That signed it d. Enstein
c. Which signed
d. Sign 14. .Emma Thompson was nominated for an
Academy Award as both a Screenwriher…an
8. I think Jane deserved to be fired for her …. actress in 1996.
a. Totally behavior irresponsible
b. Behavior totally irresponsible a) Also
c. Irresponsible totally behavior b) Or
d. Totally irresponsible behavior c) In addition
d) And
9. Acute hearing helps most animals sense the
approach of thunderstorms long before people 15. Because of its warm tropical climate,
…. howards…. Subzero temperature.
a) Almost experience never
a. Hear
b) Expreriance never almost
b. Hearing them
c) Experiences almost never
c. Do
d) Almost never expreriance
d. Do them
16. from the inception of his long and distingshed
10. Of all economically important phants,palms carrer, frank lieyd wright was concerned with
have been … how … architecture with topography.
a. The least studied
a) Integrating
b. Study less and less
b) To integrate
c. Study the least
c) Did the integrate
d. To study the less
d) Integrated
11. With the passing of the time and the 17. Egyptian pyramids were regurally robbed
emoarchement of people, the habitat of garillas despire their intricate pessegewrys, byzantine
… to decrease mazes, and …
a. Containing
a) Walls which were false
b. Continius
b) They had false walls
c. Which continue
c) False walls
d. Continue
d) Walls of falsity
12. …. Social meeting birds that build their nests in
tress and on clifis.
18. The Duncan sofa, …. Is highly valued in todays STRUCTURE 2
antique furniture market. 1. The tongue can move and play a vital role in
chewing, …..…, and speaking.
a) A colonial masterpiece
a. to b. swallowing
b) A colonial masterpiece which
c. for d. of
c) It is a colonial masterpiece that
d) Whose colonial masterpiece
2. Instead of being housed in one central bank, the
19.Maine’s coastline is a major attraction and vista Federal Reserve System is to….. into twelve
of sandy beaches contrasted… rockbound districts.
shoreline. a. dividing b. divided
a) To the rugged c. division d. divides
b) By the rugged
c) On the rugged 3. Those species are cultivated for their…….follage.
d) At the rugged a. beautifully b. beau
c. beauty d. beautiful
20. At the seventh international ballet competions,
Fernando Bujones won the first, gold modal 4. Kiwi birds mainly eat insects, worms, and snails
ever … to a Unites States make dancer and……. For their food by probing the ground
a) That award with their long bills.
b) Should be awarding a. searching b. searches
c) To be awarded c. searched d. search
d) To award
5. He founded that city in 1685, and…..quickly
21. the b;est-known diffuse nebuls is the great Orion grew
Nebuls …. Can be seen by the narked eye. to be the largest city in colonial America.
a) It a. he b. it
b) Which c. it d. we
c) One
d) Who 6. Fewer people reside in Newfoundland than
in……Canadian province except Prince Edward
22. Over time the young students will perfect the art Island.
of piano playing. After all, such …. Needs a. other b. one another
delicate handling . c. any other d. others
a) A tuned instrument finely
b) A finely instrument tuned 7. Dr. Bethune, the founder of Bethune-Cookman
c) An instrument tuned finely College, served as…….to both Franklin Rosevelt
d) A finely tuned instrument and Harry Truman.
a. advise b. advised
23. Before Johnson and smith reached great heights c. an advisor d. advising
in the business world, … encountered many great
difficults in promoting their theories and methods. 8. Some plants produse…………poisons that can
a) They affect a person even if he or she merely brushes
b) Who against them.
c) Which a. irritating b. irritated
d) He c. irritability d. irritation
9. Accute hearing helps most animals sense the 17. due to the refraction of light rays,….Is
approach of thunderstorms long before people…. impossible for the naked eye to determine the
exact location of a star close to the horizon.
a. hearing them b. do
a. it b. this
c. do them c. hear c. that d. there

10. The rotation of the Earth on its axis is…….the 18. Modern poets have experimented with poetic
alternation of periods of light and darkness. devices…………..and assonance.
a. responsible in b. responsible for a. as such alliteration
c. responsible with d. responsible to b. such as alliteration
c. such alliteration as
d. alliteration such as
11. Doctors are not sure……fever
a. exactly how disease causes 19. Birds’ eggs vary greatly…….size, shape, and
b. diseases exactly causes how color.
c. how disease causes exactly a. with b. of
d. how exactly causes disease c. at d. in

20. Fredrick dedicated……….of slavery and the

12. ………. Burmese breed of cat was developed in
fight for civil rights.
the US during the 1930’s. a. his life to work the abolishment
a. The b. When the b. his life to working for the abolishment
c. While the d. Since the c. his life to work to abolish
d. his life to working in abolish
13. Along the rocky shores of New
England………and tidal marsh. 21. Mount Edith Cavell, a peak in the Canadian
a. are where stretches of sandy beach Rockies, is named……
b. stretches of sandy are there a. a famous after nurses
c. are stretches of sandy beach b. after a famous nurse
d. stretches of sandy beach are c. nurses after a famous
d. after famous nurses
14. lina was nominated for an award as both a
screenwriter……..an actress in 2009. 22. Xanthines have both Good and bad effects on
a. also b. in addition the body, and these effects…..the size and
c. and d. but regularity of dosage.
a. are generally determined by
15. An erupting volcano sometimes affects……of b. are generally determined on
the surrounding region and can even cause lakes c. are generally determined in
to disappear. d. are generally determined with
a. feature b. the featured
c. featuring d. the feature 23. when a severe ankle injury forced….to give up
reporting in 1926, M.Mitchell began writing her
16. most tree frogs change color to novel Gone with the wind.
harmonize………… a. herself b. her
a. to their background c. hers d. she
b. with their background
c. on their background 24. one of the most difficult questions in difining
d. in background of them sleep is “what……the functions of sleep?”
a. is b. has
c. have d. are
25. the museum houses…..of various objects c. than those of d. than that of
documenting the vibrancy of the cultures.
a. five thousands pieces 33. Unless exposed to light….plant cells do not
b. pieces five thousands produce chlorophyll.
c. five thousand pieces a. most of b. the most of
d. thousands five pieces c. the most d. most

26. …….in the same direction as their orbital 34. Temperature levels in an oven are varied
motions, while Venus and Uranus rotate according to the kinds of…
oppositely. a. are foods baked
a. seven of planets rotate b. foods to be baked
b. seven planets rotate c. are baked foods
c. seven rotate of planets d. foods are baking
d. seven rotate planets
35. the three most common states of matter are….
27. in the US….. to the national legislature a. solidity, liquid, and gas
comprising the house of Representatives and the b. solid, liquefy, and gas
Senate. c. solidity, liquidate, and gas
a. voters elect representatives d. solid, liquid, and gas
b. representatives elect voters
c. elect representatives voters 36. the snowy egret is about the size…..crow
d. voters election representative a. large b. of a large
c. of large d. a large
28. it is the interaction between people, rather than
the events that occur in their lives,……the main 37. it has been found that chronic loud noise may
focus of social psychology. lead to….hearing loss
a. which are b. that are a. temporary or permanently
c. which is d. that is b. temporarily or permanent
c. temporarily or permanently
29. Today…..fewer than one hundred varieties d. temporary or permanent
cultivated flowers.
a. are b. have 38. with modern machinery, textile mills can
c. there are d. have there manufacture as much fabric in a few seconds
as…..weeks o produce by hands
30. …….some of the famous detectives in literature a. workers once took it
are based on deductive reasoning. b. took workers it once
a. methods use by c. it took once workers
b. they used methods d. it once took workers
c. the methodology used
d. using the methods of 39. Norman Mailers first….with his war novel The
Naked and The Dead, published in 1948.
31. the short story most naturally flourishes in an a. Successfully achieved
age…..with simplicity and directness. b. achieved success
a. what it expresses c. successful achievement
b. that expresses itself d. achievement of success
c. which expressing
d. it is expressed 40. Through the years, the job of governing cities
has become …..complex.
32. Naval cartographers’ knowledge of surface a. so much increasingly
ocean currents is much more b. increasingly whole
complete…….subsurface currents. c. increasingly
a. than b. than in d. what is increasingly
STRUCTURE 3 8. Nobody knows why __________ postponed until
next week.
1. Neither Professor Johnson nor any other faculty A. the meeting
member __________ to apply for the dean’s B. was the meeting
position. C. did the meeting
A. intend D. the meeting was
B. intends
C. are intending 9. The curriculum at the public school is as good
__________ of any privateschool.
D. has intend
A. or better than
2. E. Coli has proven to be __________ most B. as or better that
dangerous bacteria that can be acquired from C. as or better than that
food and water, even in developed countries. D. as or better than those
A. one of the
B. one of 10. Being a private university, __________ a well-
C. one organized charitable givingprogram in order to
offer a sufficient number of quality courses and
D. of one
activities.
3. The death toll would __________ much higher if A. development of
immediate action had not beentaken. B. it developed
A. probably being C. develop
B. probably be D. developing
C. probably been
11. Internet companies rely heavily on income from
D. be probable
on-line purchases, but __________.
4. A fire in the __________ building could be a A. traditional companies as well
problem for firefighters. B. traditional companies too
A. ninety-story-tall C. also traditional companies
B. ninety-tall-story D. so do traditional companies
C. ninety-stories-tall
12. The company had difficulty distributing
D. ninety stories
__________ so that they could meetproduction
5. Their office consisted of three rooms, quotas.
__________ was used as a conference room. A. sufficiently number of parts in a timely manner
A. larger of which to its manufacturers
B. the largest of which B. a sufficient number of parts to its
C. the largest of them manufacturers in a timely manner
D. largest C. to its manufacturers in a timely manner a
sufficient number of parts
6. In the past six months, the company has already D. in a timely manner to its manufacturers a
received twice __________ ingross revenues as it sufficient number of parts
earned in the entire preceding year.
A. as much 13. The company sustained an angry reaction from
B. more its employees after announcing how
C. as many __________ to reduce operating costs.
D. as more A. it planned
B. planned
7. __________ better, the team would have been C. did it plan
able to defeat the opponent. D. was planned
A. If it prepares
B. If prepares
C. Preparing
D. Had it prepared
14. The gymnasium facilities of this public school 21. __________ did Arthur realize that there was
are __________ those of the finest private danger.
school in the county. A. Upon entering the store
A. second after B. When he entered the store
B. second only to C. After he had entered the store
C. first except for D. Only after entering the store
D. second place from
22. Hardly __________ the office when he realized
15. The more the horse tried to free itself from the that he had forgotten his wallet.
restraint, __________. A. he had entered
A. the tighter it became B. had entered
B. it became tighter C. entered
C. the horse could not escape D. had he entered
D. it was unable to move
23. Once the employees had begun receiving
16. __________, that runner is likely to be the first financial information on the company,
one chosen. __________ income.
A. Due to her agility and speed A. they diligently assisted in reducing costs and
B. Because of she is agile and fast increasing
C. Because agile and rapid B. it made the employees more eager to assist in
D. Because her agility and speed reduce costs and increase
C. diligently they assist to reduce costs and increase
17. It was not until the students were seated D. with extreme diligence helped lower costs and
__________ the proctor realized he had the increase
wrong test booklets.
A. that 24. The plumber attempted to loosen the nut with
B. when regular pliers but then decided he needed to
C. as soon as retrieve his toolbox in order to use __________.
D. and A. another pliers
B. others pliers
18. As a result of the additional rain with so much C. the others ones
flooding already having occurred,residents were
D. another pair
seeking shelter __________ than in previous
years. 25. The committee has met and __________.
A. in more numbers A. have approve the budget
B. more numerously B. budget was approved
C. greater in numbers C. its approval of the budget
D. in greater numbers D. approved the budget
19. The company president wrote an e-mail and
planned to send __________ as soon as the vote
was complete.
A. to all directors the message
B. the message by all directors
C. message to all directors
D. the message to all directors
20. As the result of Diane’s illness and the effects of
the medication, __________ to curtail her work
and public speaking activities.
A. has
B. had
C. she has had
D. she will had
READING 1 almost 3,000 miles had been constructed. By that
early age, the United States had already surpassed
Questions 1-11 Great Britain in railroad construction, and
particularly from the mid-1860’s, the late nineteenth
The work of the railroad pioneers in century belonged to the railroads.
America became the basis for a great surge of
railroad building halfway through the nineteenth 1. The word “stimulating” in line 5 is closest in
century that linked the nation together as never meaning to
before. Railroads eventually became the nation’s a) helping
number one transportation system, and remained so b) changing
until the construction of the interstate highway c) promoting
system halfway through the twentieth century. They d) influencing
were of crucial importance in stimulating economic
expansion, but their influence reached beyond the 2. The word “their” in line 6 refers to
economy and was pervasive in American society at (a) railroad pioneers
large. By 1804, English as well as American (b) railroads
inventors had experimented with steam engines for (c) the interstate highway system
moving land vehicles. In 1920, John Stevens ran a (d) American society
locomotive and cars around in a circular track on his
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the
New Jersey estate, which the public saw as an
passage?
amusing toy. And in 1825, after opening a short
length of track, the Stockton to Darlington Railroad (a) The United States regarded Great Britain as a
in England became the first line to carry general competitor in developing the most efficient
traffic. American businesspeople, especially those railroad system
in the Atlantic coastal region who looked for better (b) Steam locomotive power was first used in
communication with the West, quickly became 1832
interested in the English experiment. (c) American businessmen saw railroads as a
threat to established businesses
The first company in America to begin
(d) Steam locomotives replaced horses because
actual operations was the Baltimore and Ohio,
of the distances across the country
which opened a thirteen- mile length of track in
1830. It used a team of horses to pull a train of 4. The author concludes that for the first decade or
passenger carriages and freight wagons along the more, there was not yet a true railroad system
track. Steam locomotive power didn’t come into because?
regular service until two years later. However, for (a) passenger cars were not stable, comfortable or
the first decade or more, there was not yet a true large
railroad system. Even the longest of the lines was (b) locomotives were not powerful enough
relatively short in the 1830’s, and most of them (c) schedules were unreliable and wrecks were
served simply to connect water routes to each other, frequent
not to link one railroad to another. Even when two (d) lines were relatively short and not usually
lines did connect, the tracks often differed in width, linked
so cars from one line couldn’t fit onto tracks of the
next line. Schedules were unreliable and wrecks 5. The word “schedules” in line 23 is closest in
were frequent. Significantly, however, some meaning to:
important developments during the 1830’s and (a) safety procedures
1840’s included the introduction of heavier iron (b) employees
rails, more flexible and powerful locomotives, and (c) timetables
passenger cars were redesigned to become more (d) railroad tracks
stable, comfortable, and larger. By the end of 1830
only 23 miles of track had been laid in the country.
But by 1936, more than 1,000 miles of track had
been laid in eleven States, and within the decade,
6. Which of the following is NOT true about the
1830’s and 1840’s (line 24) Question 12-19
(a) passenger cars became larger The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually
(b) schedules were reliable and the first woman to win this prize was Baroness
(c) locomotives became more powerful Bertha Felicie Sophie von Suttner in 1905. In fact,
(d) tracks were heavier her work inspired the creation of the Prize. The first
American woman to win this prize was Jane
7. The word “stable” in line 26 is closest in meaning
Addams, in 1931. However, Addams is best known
to
as the founder of Hull House. Jane Addams was
(a) fixed born in 1860, into a wealthy family. She was one of
(b) supportive a small number of women in her generation to
(c) reliable graduate from college. Her commitment to
(d) sound improving the lives of those around her led her to
work for social reform and world peace. In the
8. By what time had almost 3,000 miles of track 1880s Jane Addams travelled to Europe. While she
been laid? was in London, she visited a ‘settlement house’
(a) 1830 called Toynbee Hall. Inspired by Toynbee Hall,
(b) 1836 Addams and her friend, Ellen Gates Starr, opened
(c) 1840 Hull House in a neighborhood of slums in Chiacago
(d) mid-1860s in 1899. Hull House provided a day care center for
children of working mothers, a community kitchen,
9. The word “surpassed” in line 29 is closest in and visiting nurses.
meaning to
Addams and her staff gave classes in
(a) exceeded English literacy, art, and other subjects. Hull House
(b) beaten also became a meeting place for clubs and labor
(c) overtaken unions. Most of the people who worked with
(d) equaled Addams in Hull House were well educated, middle-
10. Where in the passage does the author outline the class women. Hull House gave them an opportunity
main conclusions about the importance of to use their education and it provided a training
railroads in America? ground for careers in social work. Before World
War I, Addams was probably the most beloved
(a) Lines 3-7 woman in America. In a newspaper poll that asked,
(b) Lines 14-18 “Who among our contemporaries are of the most
(c) Lines 19-21 value to the community?”, Jane Addams was rated
(d) Lines 29-31 second, after Thomas Edison. When she opposed
America’s involvement in World War I, however,
11. Why does the author include details about Great
newspaper editors called her a traitor and a fool, but
Britain in the passage?
she never changed her mind. Jane Addams was a
(a) To compare developments in both the United strong champion of several other causes. Until
States and Great Britain 1920, American women could not vote. Addams
(b) To illustrate the competitiveness between the joined in the movement for women’s suffrage and
two countries was a vice president of the National American
(c) To show where Americans got their ideas and Woman Suffrage Association. She was a founding
technology from member of the National Association for the
(d) To provide a more complete historical Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and
context was president of the Women’s International League
for Peace and Freedom. . Her reputation was
gradually restored during the last years of her life.
She died of cancer in 1935.
 17. The word “contemporaries” in line 18 is closest
in meaning to
12. With which of the following subjects is the (a) people of the same time
passage mainly concerned? (b) famous people still alive
(a) The first award of the Nobel Peace Prize to an (c) elected officials
American woman (d) people old enough to vote
(b) A woman’s work for social reform and world 18. According to the passage, Jane
peace Addams’reputation was damaged when she
(c) The early development of Social Work in
America (a) allowed Hull House to become a meeting place
(d) Contributions of educated women to American for clubs and labor unions
society (b) joined in the movement for women’s suffrage
(c) became a founding member of the NAACP
(d) opposed America’s involvement in World
13. Which of the following can be inferred from the War I
passage? 19. Where in the passage does the author mention
(a) the work of Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von the services provided by Hull House?
Suttner was an inspiration to Jane Addams (a) lines 5-10
(b) Jane Addams is most famous for her opening (b) lines 10-15
of Hull House (c) lines 15-20
(c) those who lived near Hull House had very poor (d) lines 20-25
literacy skills
(d) Jane addams considered herself as a citizen of Questions 20-29
the world rather than of one particular country
The medieval artists didn’t know about
perspective; they didn’t want to make their people
look like real, individual people in a real, individual
14. The word “commitment” in line 6 is closest in scene. They wanted to show the truth, the eternal
meaning to quality of their religious stories. So these artists
(a) involvement didn’t need to know about perspective. In the
(b) obligation European Renaissance period, artists wanted to
(c) dedication show the importance of the individual person and
(d) enthusiasm his or her possessions and surroundings. A flat
medieval style couldn’t show this level of reality
15. Jane Addams was inspired to open Hull House and the artists needed a new technique. It was the
because: Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the
(a) it gave educated women an opportunity to use technique of perspective drawing. At first the artists
their education and develop careers in social of the Renaissance only had single-point
work perspective. Later they realized that they could have
(b) she traveled to Europe in the 1880s two-pointed perspective and still later multi-point
(c) she visited Toynbee Hall perspective. With two-point perspective they could
(d) she was invited by a ‘settlement house’in turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the
Chicago picture and draw two sides of it. The technique of
perspective which seems so natural to us now is an
16. The word “their” in line 15 refers to invented technique, a part of the “grammar of
painting”. Like all bits of grammar there are
(a) children of working mothers
exceptions about perspective. For example, only
(b) middle-class women
vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye
(c) visiting nurses
level. Sloping roof tops don’t meet on eye level.
(b) labor union members
For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of
perspective drawing in their pictures. Nevertheless,
there are a range of priorities that artists in (a) the picture
displaying individual styles. Crivelli wanted to (b) perspective
show depth in his picture and he used a simple (c) angle
single-point perspective. Cezanne always talked (d) the object
about space and volume. Van Gogh, like some of
the other painters of the Impressionist period, was 25. The word “Grammar ” in line 13 is closest in
interested in Japanese prints. And Japanese artists meaning to
until this century were always very strong designers (a) construction
of “flat” pictures. Picasso certainly made pictures (b) grammatical rules
which have volume and depth. However, he wanted (c) rules and regulations
to keep our eyes on the surface and to remind us (d) tones and volume
that his paintings are paintings and not illusions. It
is technically easy to give an illusion of depth. 26. The author’s purpose to give the example in
However, a strong two dimensional design is just as line14-15 is to
important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more (a) explain how perspective work in painting
important. (b) support two-pointed perspective
20. The passage mainly discusses (c) illustrate that there are exceptions about
perspective
(a) the difference between medieval and (d) point out that the technique of perspective
Renaissance art though seems so natural is an invented technique
(b) how the technique of perspective influenced
the modern art 27. The following artists’ priorities in style shift
(c) the discovery of the technique of perspective away from perspective except
(d) the contribution of Renaissance artists (a) Crivelli
21. The word “eternal” in line 3 is closest in (b) Cezanne
meaning to (c) Japanese artists
(d) Brunelleschi
(a) timeless
(b) infinite 28. The word ”Illusion” in line 25 is closest in
(c) frequent meaning to
(d) constant (a) deception
22. According to the passage, which is the main (b) photograph
concern for medieval artists? (c) decoration
(d) illustration
(a) the individual person and his/her possessions
and surroundings 29. It can be inferred from the passage that
(b) real people, real scenes Renaissance artists
(c) eternal timeless truth of the earth (a) embraced the medieval style of eternal truth
(d) themes of religious stories (b) needed to develop a new approach towards
23. The discovery of perspective was the result of painting to show a new level of reality
(c) were inspired by vertical and horizontal surfaces
(a) Renaissance artists’ to prove that the medieval in inventing the technique of perspective
artists could show level of reality (d) saw two dimensional design more important
(b) the need to turn an object at an angle and draw than a feeling of depth
more than one side of it
(c) the subject being shifted from religious stories
to individual person and surroundings.
(d) natural evolution of human senses

Questions 30-39
24. The word “it” in line 12 refers to
 There are two main hypotheses when it 31. The word “emergence” in line 1 is closest in
comes to explaining the emergence of modern meaning to
humans. The ‘Out of Africa’ theory holds that homo
sapiens burst onto the scene as a new species around (a) complexity
150,000 to 200,000 years ago in Africa and (b) development
subsequently replaced archaic humans such as the (c) appearance
Neandertals. The other model, known as multi- (d) decline
regional evolution or regional continuity, posits far 32. The word “proponents” in line 6 is closet in
more ancient and diverse roots for our kind. meaning to
Proponents of this view believe that homo sapiens
arose in Africa some 2 million years ago and (a) experts
evolved as a single species spread across the Old (b) advocates
World, with populations in different regions linked (c) inspectors
through genetic and cultural exchange. (d) historians

Of these two models, Out of Africa, which 33. All of the following are true except
was originally developed based on fossil evidence, (a) three methods of gathering evidence are
and supported by much genetic research, has been mentioned in the passage
favored by the majority of evolution scholars. The (b) the multi-regional model goes back further in
vast majority of these genetic studies have focused history.
on DNA from living populations, and although (c) the Out of Africa model has had more support
some small progress has been made in recovering from scholars
DNA from Neandertal that appears to support multi- (d) DNA studies offer one of the best ways in
regionalism, the chance of recovering nuclear DNA future to provide clear evidence.
from early human fossils is quite slim at present.
Fossils thus remain very much a part of the human 34. The word “slim” in line 14 is closest in meaning
origins debate. Another means of gathering to
theoretical evidence is through bones. Examinations
(a) small
of early modern human skulls from Central Europe
(b) narrow
and Australia dated to between 20,000 and 30,000
(c) thin
years old have suggested that both groups
(d) difficult
apparently exhibit traits seen in their Middle Eastern
and African predecessors. But the early modern 35. Which of the following is not true
specimens from Central Europe also display
Neandertal traits, and the early modern Australians (a) the vast majority of genetic studies have focused
showed affinities to archaic Homo from Indonesia. on living populations
Meanwhile, the debate among paleoanthropologists (b) early modern human skulls all support the
continues , as supporters of the two hypotheses same conclusions
challenge the evidence and conclusions of each (c) both hypotheses focus on Africa as a location for
other. the new species.
(d) early modern Australian skulls have similarities
30. The passage primarily discusses which of the to those from Indonesia.
following
36. In line 18, the word “their ” refers to which of
(a) Evidence that supports the “Out of Africa” the following
theory
(b) Two hypotheses and some evidence on the (a) Middle Easterners and Africans
human origins debate (b) skulls
(c) The difficulties in obtaining agreement among (c) central Europeans and Australians
theorists on the human origins debate (d) traits
(d) That fossils remain very much a part of the 37. Which of the following is NOT true about the
human origins debate two hypotheses
(a) Both hypotheses regard Neandertals to be the exploitation. The time and motion study concepts
predecessors of modern humans were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.
(b) Genetic studies have supported both hypotheses The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing
(c) Both hypotheses cite Africa as an originating
his children’s dishwashing and bedmaking chores,
location.
(d) One hypothesis dates the emergence of homo this pioneer efficiency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on
sapiens much earlier than the other. principles whereby workers could eliminate waste
motion. He was memorialized by two of his
38. It can be inferred from the passage that
children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the
(a) there is likely to be an end to the debate in the Dozen”. The Gilbreth methods included using stop
near future watches to time worker movements and special
(b) the debate will interest historians to take part in tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and
(c) the debate is likely to be less important in future
study worker performance, and also involved
(d) there is little likelihood that the debate will
die down identification of“therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled
backwards) – basic motions used in production jobs.
39. According to the passage, the multi-regional Many of these motions and accompanying times
evolution model posits far more diverse roots for have been used to determine how long it should take
our kind because a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this way
(a) Evidence from examinations of early modern an industrial engineer can get a handle on the
human skulls has come from a number of approximate time it should take to produce a
different parts of the world product or provide a service. However, use of work
(b) DNA from Neandertal appears to support multi- analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful
regionalis results unless all five work dimensions are
(c) Populations in different regions were linked considered: physical, psychological, social, cultural,
through genetic and cultural exchange and power.
(d) This has been supported by fossil evidence 40. What is the passage primarily about?

Questions 40-50 (a) The limitations of pioneering studies in

understanding human behavior
Although management principles have been
(b) How time and motion studies were first
implemented since ancient times, most management developed
scholars trace the beginning of modern management (c) The first applications of a scientific approach to
thought back to the early 1900s, beginning with understanding human behavior
thepioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856- (d) The beginnings of modern management
1915). Taylor was the first person to study work theory
scientifically. He is most famous for introducing 41. The word “ which” in line 9 refers to
techniques of time and motion study, differential
(a) scientific management
piece rate systems, and for systematically
(b) philosophy
specializing the work of operating employees and (c) productivity
managers. Along with other pioneers such as Frank (d) time and motion study
and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling
42. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that
his philosophy and methods “scientific
management’. At that time, his philosophy, which (a) workers welcomed the application of scientific
was concerned with productivity, but which was management
often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests (b) Talor’s philosophy is different from the
industrial norms
at the expense of management, was in marked (c) by the early 1900s science had reached a stage
contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker where it could be applied to the workplace
(d) workers were no longer exploited after the 49. The word “dimensions” in line 24 is closest in
introduction of scientific management. meaning to
43. The word “prevailing” in line 10 is closest in (a) sizes
meaning to (b) extents
(c) aspects
(a) predominant (d) standards
(b) broadly accepted
(c) prevalent 50. All of the following are true except
(d) common
(a) scientific management was concerned with
44. According to the passage, Frank Gilbreth productivity.
discovered how workers could eliminate waste (b) the beginnings of modern management
motion by thought commenced in the 19th century.
(c) Frank Gilbreth’s fame was enhanced by two of
(a) using special tools such as cameras and clocks his children writing a book.
(b) using stop watches (d) analyzing work to increase productivity is not
(c) applying scientific management principles likely to be useful unless all of the dimensions
(d) watching his children do their chores are considered.
45. The basic motions used in production jobs were READING 2
given which one of following names by Frank
Questions 1-10
Gilbreth?
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge
(a) dimensions of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across
(b) gilreths
the largestand northernmost state in the United
(c) therbligs
(d) monitors States, ending ata remote ice-free seaport village
nearly 800 miles fromwhere it begins. It is massive
46. According to the passage, the time it takes a in size and extremelycomplicated to operate The
skilled worker to perform the motion of a given
steel pipe crosses windswept plains and
job can be measured by using:
endlessmiles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen
(a) stop watches ground. Itweaves through crooked canyons, climbs
(b) all 5 work dimensions sheermountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes
(c) special tools
its waythrough thick forests, and passes over or
(d) therbligs
under hundredsof rivers and streams. The pipe is 4
47. The word “motions” in line 20 is closest in feet in diameter, andup to 2 million barrels (or 84
meaning to million gallons) of crudeoil can be pumped through
(a) stop watches it daily. Resting on H-shaped steel racks called
(b) habits "bents," longsections of the pipeline follow a zigzag
(c) actions course highabove the frozen earth. Other long
(d) special tools sections drop out ofsight beneath spongy or rocky
48. Where in the passage does the author comment ground and return to thedown route is determined
that the principles of scientific management by the often harsh demandssurface later on.
were often misunderstood? The pattern of the pipeline's up-andof the
(a) Lines 1-5 arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay
(b) Lines 6-10 ofpermafrost (permanently frozen ground). A little
(c) Lines 11-15 morethe land, and the varied compositions of soil,
(d) Lines 16-20 rock, orthan half of the pipeline is elevated above
the ground. depending largely upon the type of
terrain and theThe remainder is buried anywhere
from 3 to 12 feet,properties of the soilapproximately 5. The author mentions all of the following as
$8 billion and is by far the biggestOne of the largest important in determining the pipeline's route
in the world, the pipeline costand most expensive EXCEPT the
construction project everundertaken by private A. climate
industry. In fact, no singlebusiness could raise that B. lay of the land itself
much money, so eight major oilthe costs. Each
C. local vegetation
company controlled oil rights tocompanies formed a
consortium in order to shareparticular shares of land D. kind of soil and rock
in the oil fields and paidinto the pipeline- 6. The word "undertaken" in line 31 is closest
construction fund according to thesize of its in meaning to
holdings. Today, despite enormousbreakdowns, A. removed
labor disagreements, treacherousproblems of B. selected
climate, supply shortages, equipmentterrain, a
C. transported
certain amount of mismanagement, andeven theft,
the Alaska pipeline has been completedand is D. attempted
operating. 7. How many companies shared the costs of
1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's constructing the pipeline?
A. operating costs A. three
B. employees B. four
C. consumers C. eight
D. construction D. twelve
2. The word "it" in line 5 refers to 8. The word "particular" in line 35 is closest in
meaning to
A. pipeline
A. peculiar
B. ocean
B. specific
C. state
C. exceptional
D. village
D. equal
3. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of
oil can travel through the pipeline each 9. Which of the following determined what
percentage of the construction costs each
A. day
member of the consortium would pay?
B. week
A. How much oil field land each company
C. month owned
D. year B. How long each company had owned land in
4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 15 is closest in the oil fields
meaning to C. How many people worked for each
A. consisting of company

B. supported by D. How many oil wells were located on the

company's land
C. passing under
D. protected with
 10. Where in the passage does the author 2. What does the author say is especially important
provide a term for an earth covering that about the Sun at the present time?
always remains frozen?
(A) It appears yellow
A. Line 4
(B) It always remains the same
B. Line 15
C. Line 23 (C) It has a short history
D. Line 37 (D) It is too cold
Questions 1-5 3. Why are very hot stars referred to as "ghosts"?
When we accept the evidence of our unaided
(A) They are short- lived.
eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow star, we have
summed up the most important single fact about it- (B) They are mysterious.
at this moment in time. It appears probable,
(C) They are frightening.
however, that sunlight will be the color we know for
only a negligibly small part of the Sun's history. (D) They are nearly invisible.
Stars, like individuals, age and change. As we look
out into space, we see around us stars at all stages of
evolution. There are faint blood-red dwarfs so cool 4. According to the passage as the Sun continues to
that their surface temperature is a mere 4,000 age, it is likely to become what color?
degrees Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing (A) Yellow
at 100, 000 degrees Fahrenheit and almost too hot to
be seen, for the great part of their radiation is in the (B) Violet
invisible ultraviolet range. (C) Red
Obviously, the "daylight" produced by
(D) White
any star depends on its temperature; today(and
for ages to come) our Sun is at about 10,000 5. In line 15, to which of the following does "it"
degrees Fahrenheit, and this means that most refer?
of the Sun's light is concentrated in the yellow
band of the spectrum, falling slowly in (A) yellow "hump"
intensity toward both the longer and shorter (B) day
light waves.
(C) Sun
That yellow "hump" will shift as the Sun
evolves, and the light of day will change (D) hydrogen fuel
accordingly. It is natural to assume that as the Questions 1-6
Sun grows older, and uses up its hydrogen
fuel-which it is now doing at the spanking rate If by "suburb" is meant an urban
of half a billion tons a second- it will become margin that grows more rapidly than its
steadily colder and redder. already developed interior, the process of
suburbanization began during the emergence
1. What is the passage mainly about? of the industrial city in the second quarter of
(A) Faint dwarf stars the nineteenth century. Before that period the
city was a small highly compact cluster in
(B) The evolutionary cycle of the Sun which people moved about on foot and goods
(C) The Sun's fuel problem were conveyed by horse and cart. But the
early factories built in the 1830's and 1840's
(D) The dangers of invisible radiation were located along waterways and near
railheads at the edges of cities, and housing (B) inflation
was needed for the thousands of people drawn
(C) revitalization
by the prospect of employment. In time, the
factories were surrounded by proliferating (D) unionization
mill towns of apartments and row houses that
abutted the older, main cities. As a defense 3. In line 10 the word "encroachment" refers to
against this encroachment and to enlarge their which of the following?
tax bases, the cities appropriated their (A) The smell of the factories
industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the
city of Philadelphia annexed most of (B) The growth of mill towns
Philadelphia County. Similar municipal (C) The development of waterways
maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New
York Indeed, most great cities of the United (D) The loss of jobs
States achieved such status only by 4. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in
incorporating the communities along their the passage as a factor in nineteenth-century
borders. suburbanization?
With the acceleration of industrial (A) Cheaper housing
growth came acute urban crowding and
accompanying social stress conditions that (B) Urban crowding
began to approach disastrous proportions (C) The advent of an urban middle class
when, in 1888, the first commercially
successful electric traction line was (D) The invention of the electric streetcar
developed. Within a few years the horse -
5. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1890
drawn trolleys were retired and electric
most people traveled around cities by
streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected
every major urban area, fostering a wave of (A) automobile
suburbanization that transformed the compact
(B) cart
industrial city into a dispersed metropolis.
This first phase of mass - scale (C) horse-draw trolley
suburbanization was reinforced by the
simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle (D) electric streetcar
class whose desires for homeownership In 6. Where in the passage does the author describe the
neighborhoods far from the aging inner city cities as they were prior to suburbanization.
were satisfied by the developers of single-
family housing tracts. (A) Lines 3-5

1. Which of the following is the best title for (B) Lines 5-9
the passage? (C) Lines 12- 13
(A) The growth of Philadelphia (D) Lines 15-18
(B) The Origin of the Suburb Questions 1-7
(C) The Development of City Transportation The first English attempts to colonize
(D) The Rise of the Urban Middle Class North America were controlled by
individuals rather than companies. Sir
2. The author mentions that areas bordering the Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman
cities have grown during periods of to send colonists to the New World. His
initial expedition, which sailed in 1578 with
(A) industrialization
 a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was (D) He died in 1587.
defeated by the Spanish. A second attempt
4. When did Sir Walter Raleigh's initial expedition
ended in disaster in 1583, when Gilbert and
set out for North America?
hi ship were lost in a storm. In the following
year, Gilbert's half brother, Sir Water (A) 1577
Raleigh, having obtained a renewal of the
patent, sponsored an expedition that (B) 1579
explored the coast of the region that he (C) 1582
named "Virginia". Under Raleigh's direction
efforts were then made to establish a colony (D) 1584
on Roanoke island in 1585 an6 1587. The
survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke
returned to England in 1586, but the second 5. Which of the following can be inferred from the
group of colonists disappeared without passage about members of the first Roanoke
leaving a trace. The failure of the Gilbert settlement?
and Raleigh ventures made it clear that the (A) They explored the entire coastal region.
tasks they had undertaken were too big for
any one colonizer. Within a short time the (B) Some did not survive.
trading company had supplanted the (C) They named the area "Virginia".
individual promoter of colonization.
(D) Most were not experienced sailors.
1. Which of the following would be the most
appropriate title for the passage? 6. According to the passage, the first English
settlement on Roanoke Island was established in
(A) The Regulation of Trading Companies
(A) 1578
(B) British - Spanish Rivalry in the New World
(B) 1583
(C) Early Attempts at Colonizing North America
(C) 1585
(D) Royal Patents Issued in the 16th Century
(D) 1587
2. The passage states which of the following about
the first English people to be involved in 7. According to the passage, which of; the following
establishing colonies in North America? statements about the second settlement on
Roanoke Island is true?
(A) They were requested to do so by Queen
Elizabeth. (A) Its settlers all gave up and returned to England.
(B) They were members of large trading companies. (B) It lasted for several years.
(C) They were immediately successful. (C) The fate of its inhabitants is unknown.
(D) They were acting on their own. (D) It was conquered by the Spanish
3. According to the passage, which of the following
statements about Sir Humphrey Gilbert is true? Questions 1-7

(A) He never settled in North America. Botany, the study of plants, occupies a
peculiar position in the history of human
(B) His trading company was given a patent by the knowledge. For many thousands of years it
queen. was the one field of awareness about which
humans had anything more than the vaguest
(C) He fought the Spanish twice.
of insights. It is impossible to know today just
what our Stone Age ancestors knew about (C) They did not enjoy the study of botany.
plants, but from what we can observe of pre- (D) They placed great importance on the ownership
industrial societies that still exist, a detailed of property.
learning of plants and their properties must be
extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are 2. What does the comment "This is logical" in line 6
the basis of the food pyramid for all living mean?
things, even for other plants. They have (A) There is no clear way to determine the extent of
always been enormously important to the our ancestor’s knowledge of plants.
welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also
for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes: medicines, (B) It is not surprising that early humans had a
shelter, and a great many other purposes. detailed knowledge of plants.
Tribes living today in the jungles of the (C) It is reasonable to assume that our ancestors
Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants behaved very much like people in preindustrial
and know many properties of each. To them societies.
botany, as such, has no name and is probably
(D) Human knowledge of plants is well organized
not even recognized as a special branch of
and very detailed.
"Knowledge at all.
3. According to the passage, why has general
Unfortunately, the more industrialized knowledge of botany begun to fade?
we become the farther away we move from
direct contact with plants, and the less distinct (A) People no longer value plants as a useful
our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone resource.
comes unconsciously on an amazing amount (B) Botany is not recognized as a special branch of
of botanical knowledge, and few people will science.
fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid.
(C) Research is unable to keep up with the
When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the
increasing numbers of plants.
Middle East about 10,000 years ago,
discovered that certain grasses could be (D) Direct contact with a variety of plants has
harvested and their seeds planted for richer decreased.
yields the next season, the first great step in a 4. In line 16, what is the author’s purpose in
new association of plants and humans was mentioning "a rose, an apple, or an orchid"?
taken. Grains were discovered and from them
flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated (A) To make the passage more poetic
crops. From then on, humans would (B) To cite examples of plants that are attractive
increasingly take their living from the
(C) To give botanical examples that all readers
controlled production of a few plants, rather
will recognize
than getting a little here and a little there from
many varieties that grew wild – and the (D) To illustrate the diversity of botanical life
accumulated knowledge' of tens of thousands 5. According to the passage, what was the first great
of years of experience and intimacy with step toward the practice of agriculture?
plants in the wild would begin to fade away.
(A) The invention of agricultural implements and
1. Which of the following assumptions about early machinery
humans is expressed in the passage?
(B) The development of a system of names for
(A) They probably had extensive knowledge of plants
plants.
(C) The discovery of grasses that could be
(B) They thought there was no need to cultivate harvested and replanted
crops.
(D) The changing diets of early humans Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel
plow.
6. The relationship between botany and agriculture
is similar to the relationship between zoology (the 1. What is the main topic of the passage?
study of animals) and
(A) The need for agricultural advances to help feed
(A) deer hunting a growing population
(B) bird watching (B) The development of safer machines demanded
(C) sheep raising by the labor movement
(D) horseback riding (C) Machinery that contributed to the
7. In which lines in the passage does the author agricultural revolution
describe the beneficial properties that plants have (D) New Jersey as a leader in the agricultural
for humans? revolution
(A) Lines 1-2 2. The word "naturally" as used in line 3 is closest
(B) Lines 7-9 in meaning to which of the following?
(C) Lines 11-12 (A) Gradually
(D) Lines 14-16 (B) Unsurprisingly
(C) Apparently
Questions 1-7
The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth (D) Safely
century involved two things: the invention of labor- 3. The expression "make the most of" in line 4 is
saving machinery and. the development of scientific closest in meaning to which of the following?
agriculture. Labor - saying machinery, naturally
appeared, first where labor was carce. "In Europe," (A) Get the best yield from
said, Thomas Jefferson, the object is to make the (B) Raise the price of
most of: their land, labor being abundant;. here it, is
to make the most of our labor, land being abundant. (C) Exaggerate the worth of
It was in America, therefore, that the great advances (D) Earn a living on
in nineteenth - century agricultural machinery first
came. 4. Which of the following can be inferred from what
Thomas Jefferson said?
At the opening of the century, with the
exception of a crude plow farmers could have (A) Europe was changing more quickly than
carried practically all of the existing agricultural America.
implement on their backs; by 1860, most of the
(B) Europe had greater need of farm machinery than
machinery in use today had been designed in an
America did.
early form. The most important of the early
inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1790 (C) America was finally running out of good
Charies Newbold of New Jersey had been working farmland.
on the of a cast – iron plow and spent his entire
(D) There was a shortage of workers on
fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers,
American farms.
however, would have none of it, claiming that the
iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow.
Nevertheless, many people devoted their attention
5. It can be inferred that the word "here' in line 4
to the plow, until in 1869 James Oliver of South
refers to
(A) Europe origin of comets. Most astronomers agree that
comets are primordial remnants from the
(B) America
formation of the solar system, but whether
(C) New Jersey they were born between Jupiter and Neptune
or much farther out toward interstellar space
(D) Indiana has been the subject of much debate. If
6. What point is the author making by stating that compounds no more complex than ammonia
farmers could carry nearly all their tools On their and methane, key components of Jupiter, were
backs? seen in comets, it would suggest that comets
form within the planetary orbits. But more
(A) Farmers had few tools before the complex compounds such as the methyl
agricultural revolution. cyanide found in Kohoutek, point to
(B) Americans were traditionally self - reliant. formation far beyond the planets there the
deep freeze of space has kept them
(C) Life on the farm was extremely difficult. unchanged.
(D) New tools were designed to be portable. 1. What is the subject of the passage?
7. Why did farmers reject Newbold's plow? (A) What was learned from Kohoutek
(A) Their horses were frightened by it. (B) What was disappointing about Kohoutek
(B) They preferred lighter tools. (C) Where Kohoutek was spotted
(C) It was too expensive. (D) How Kohoutek was tracked
(D) They thought it would ruin the land. 2. Why was Kohoutek referred to as "the comet of
Questions 1-7 the century"?
It was not "the comet of the century (A) It was thought to be extremely old.
experts predicted it might be. Nevertheless,
Kohoutek had provided a bonanza of (B) It passes the Earth once a century.
scientific information. It was first spotted 370 (C) Scientists predicted it would be very bright.
million miles from Earth, by an astronomer
who was searching the sky for asteroids, and (D) Scientists have been tracking it for a century.
after whom the comet was named. Scientists 3. In what respect was Kohoutek a disappointment?
who tracked Kohoutek the ten months before
it passed the Earth predicted the comet would (A) It could be seen only through special
be a brilliant spectacle. But Kohoutek fell equipment.
short of these predictions, disappointing (B) It did not approach the Earth.
millions of amateur sky watchers, when it
proved too pale to be seen with the unaided (C) It did not provide valuable scientific
eye. Researchers were delighted nonetheless information.
with the nevi information they were able to
(D) It was moving too rapidly for scientists to
glean from their investigation of the comet.
photograph.
Perhaps the most significant discovery was
the identification of two important chemical 4. Before the investigation of Kohoutek, where had
compounds-methyl cyanide and hydrogen methyl cyanide been known to exist?
cyanide-never before seen in comets, but
(A) In comets
found in the far reaches of interstellar space.
This discovery revealed new clues about the (B) On asteroids
(C) Between Jupiter and Neptune
(D) Beyond the Earth's solar system
5. According to the passage, what is one major
component of Jupiter?
(A) Hydrogen cyanide
(B) Methyl cyanide
(C) Hydrogen
(D) Ammonia
6. What aspect of Kohoutek did scientists find most
interesting?
(A) Its shape
(B) Its composition
(C) Its orbit
(D) Its size
7. Which of the following questions is best
answered by information gained from Kohoutek?
(A) Where were comets formed?
(B) When were comets formed?
(C) When was the solar system formed?
(D) How was the solar system formed?
 Amelia Earhart was born in Kansas in 1897. 1. With which of the following subjects is the
Thirty one years later, she received a phone call that passage mainly concerned?
would change her life. She was invited to become
the first woman passenger to cross the Atlantic (A) The history of aviation
Ocean in a plane. The flight took more than 20 (B) The tragic death of the queen of air
hours – about three times longer than it routinely (C) Achievements of early aviation pioneers
takes today to cross the Atlantic by plane. Earhart
was twelve years old before she ever saw an (D) The achievements of a pioneering aviatrix
airplane, and she didn’t take her first flight until 2. According to the passage, which of the following
1920. But she was so thrilled by her first experience statements about Earhart is NOT true?
in a plane that she quickly began to take flying
lessons. She wrote, “As soon as I left the ground, I (A) She wrote a book about her solo nonstop flight
knew I myself had to fly.” across the Atlantic, called 20 Hrs., 40 Min.
(B) In her last adventure, she didn’t take
After that flight Earhart became a media communication and navigation instruments
sensation. She was given a ticker tape parade down by accident, and that led to the tragedy.
Broadway in New York and even President (C) She is regarded as the female Chare Lindbergh
Coolidge called to congratulate her. Because her in aviation.
record-breaking career and physical appearance (D) She was in her late twenties when she took her
were similar to pioneering pilot and American hero first flight
Charles Lindbergh, she earned the nickname “Lady
Lindy.” She wrote a book about her flight across the 3. According to the passage, when did Amelia
Atlantic, called 20 Hrs., 40 Min. Earhart began her first flight
Earhart continued to break records, and also (A) when she was 12 years old
polished her skills as a speaker and writer, always (B) 1920
advocating women’s achievements, especially in (C) when she first saw an airplane
aviation. Her next goal was to achieve a
(D) when she started to take flying lessons.
transatlantic crossing alone. In 1927 Charles
Lindbergh became the first person to make a solo 4. The word “sensation” in line 8 is closest in
nonstop flight across the Atlantic. Five years later, meaning to
Earhart became the first woman to repeat that feat. (A) feeling
Her popularity grew even more and she was the
(B) hit
undisputed queen of the air. She then wanted to fly
around the world, and in June 1937 she left Miami (C) excitement
with Fred Noonan as her navigator. No one knows (D) perception
why she left behind important communication and
navigation instruments. Perhaps it was to make 5. Amelia Earhart was called “Lady Lindy” because
room for additional fuel for the long flight. The pair (A) she was the undisputed queen of the air.
made it to New Guinea in 21 days and then left for (B) President Coolidge gave her the nickname.
Howland Island, a tiny island in the middle of the (C) she repeated Charles Lindbergh’s feat.
Pacific Ocean. The last communication from (D) of her career and her physical resemblance
to Lindbergh
Earhart and Noonan was on July 2, 1937 with a
nearby Coast Guard ship. The United States Navy
conducted a massive search for more than two
weeks but no trace of the plane or its passengers
was ever found. Many people believe they got lost
and simply ran out of fuel and died.
6. The word “undisputed” in line18 is closest in such a chord with the limbic system – an
meaning to ancient part of our brain, evolutionarily
(A) contemporary speaking, and one that we share with much of
the animal kingdom. Some researchers even
(B) undeceived propose that music came into this world long
(C) dissipated before the human race ever did. For example,
the fact that whale and human music have so
(D) undoubted much in common even though our
7. The word “it” in line 20 refers to evolutionary paths have not intersected for
(A) plane nearly 60 million years suggests that music
may predate humans. They assert that rather
(B) communication than being the inventors of music, we are
latecomers to the musical scene
(C) the reason
Humpback whale composers employ
(D) aviation.
many of the same tricks that human
8. The word “massive” in line 25 is closest in songwriters do. In addition to using similar
meaning to rhythms, humpbacks keep musical phrases to
(A) substantial a few seconds, creating themes out of several
phrases before singing the next one. Whale
(B) general songs in general are no longer than symphony
(C) large movements, perhaps because they have a
similar attention span. Even though they can
(D) careful sing over a range of seven octaves, the whales
9. It may be inferred from the passage that Amelia typically sing in key, spreading adjacent notes
Earhart no farther apart than a scale. They mix
percussive and pure tones in pretty much the
(A) would not have developed her love of flying if same ratios as human composers – and follow
she had not been invited to become the first their ABA form, in which a theme is
woman passenger to cross the Atlantic in a presented, elaborated on and then revisited in
plane. a slightly modified form. Perhaps most
(B) Would have continued to seek new amazing, humpback whale songs include
adventures and records to break if she had repeating refrains that rhyme. It has been
not died at the age of 39. suggested that whales might use rhymes for
(C) became too confident and took too many risks exactly the same reasons that we do: as
to be able to live to old age. devices to help them remember. Whale songs
(D) did not want to return to the United States. can also be rather catchy. When a few
humpbacks from the Indian Ocean strayed
into the Pacific, some of the whales they met
Question 1-10 there quickly changed their tunes – singing
the new whales’ songs within three short
Music can bring us to tears or to our feet, years. Some scientists are even tempted to
drive us into battle or lull us to sleep. Music is speculate that a universal music awaits
indeed remarkable in its power over all discovery.
humankind, and perhaps for that very reason,
no human culture on earth has ever lived
without it. From discoveries made in France
1. Why did the author write the passage?
and Slovenia even Neanderthal man, as long
as 53,000 years ago, had developed (A) To describe the music for some animals,
surprisingly sophisticated, sweet-sounding including humans
flutes carved from animal bones. It is perhaps (B) To illustrate the importance of music to
then, no accident that music should strike whales
 (C) To show that music is not a human or even composers so in creating their own music
modern invention (D) The research of musical brain will lead to a
(D) To suggest that music is independent of life discovery of a universal musiC
forms that use it
9. Where in the passage does the author first
2. The word “sophisticated” in line 5 is closest in mention whales?
meaning to (A) Lines 5-9 (B) Lines 10-14
(A) complex (B) intricate (C) Lines 15-19 (D) Lines 20-24
(C) well-developed (D) entangled 10. The word ‘their’ in line 25 refers to
3. The word “one” in line 7 can be replaced by
(A) the chord (B) the left brain (A) Indian Ocean humpbacks
(B) Pacific Ocean humpbacks
(C) the right brain (D) the limbic system (C) all whales
4. According to the passage, which of the following (D) whale songs
is true of humpback whales Questions 1-8
(A) their tunes are distinctively different from The classic Neanderthals, who lived
human tunes between about 70,000 and 30,000 years ago,
(B) they can sing over a range of seven octaves shared a number of special characteristics.
(C) they do not use rhyme, unlike humans Like any biological population, Neanderthals
(D) whale songs of a particular group cannot be also showed variation in the degree to which
learned by other whale those characteristics were expressed.
5. The word “they” in line 18 refers to Generally, they were powerfully built, short
(A) human composers and stocky, with the lower parts of their arms
and legs short in relation to the upper parts, as
(B) whole songs in modern peoples who live in cold
(C) octaves environments. Neanderthal skulls were
(D) whales distinctive, housing brains even larger on
average than those of modem humans, a
6. Which of the following is NOT true about feature that may have had more to do with
humpback whale music? their large, heavy bodies than with superior
intelligence. Seen from behind, Neanderthal
(A) It uses similar patterns to human songs
skulls look almost spherical, but from the side
(B) It’s comparative in length to symphony
they are long and flattened often with a
movements
bulging back.
(C) It’s easy to learn by other whales
(D) It’s in a form of creating a theme, The Neanderthal face, dominated by a
elaborating and revisiting in rhyming projecting and full nose, differed clearly from
refrains the faces of other hominids; the middle parts
appear to be pulled forward (or the sides
7. The word “refrains” in line 22 is closest in
pulled back), resulting in a rather streamlined
meaning to
face shape. This peculiarity may have been
(A) tunes (B) notes
related to the greater importance (in cultural
(C) musical phrases (D) sounds activities as well as food processing) of the
front teeth, which are large and part of a row
8. Which of the following can be inferred from the of teeth that lies well forward in the head; it
passage? may reflect a reduction in importance of
(A) The earliest human beings came from France certain jaw muscles operating at the sides of
and Slovenia the face; or it may reflect an adaptation to
(B) Music helped to shape the whale brain cold. Whether it results from any or all of
(C) Humpback whales imitate the way human these three factors or from other,
undiscovered causes, this midfacial projection
is so characteristic that it unfailingly identifies
a Neanderthal to the trained eye. Neanderthal 7. In line 20, the author uses the expression "heavy
teeth are much more difficult to characterize: tooth wear" to imply that the Neanderthals
the front teeth are large, with strong roots, but (A) had unusually heavy teeth
the back teeth may be relatively small. This (B) used their teeth extensively
feature may have been an adaptation to cope (C) regularly pulled out their teeth
with heavy tooth wear. (D) used teeth for ornamentation

1. What does the passage mainly discuss? 8. The paragraph following this passage most
(A) The eating habits of the Neanderthals probably discusses
(B) A comparison of various prehistoric populations (A) other features of the Neanderthal anatomy
(B) cave painting of prehistoric time
(C) The physical characteristics of the
(C) flora and fauna of 70,000 years ago
Neanderthals
(D) The effect of climate on human development (D) difficulties in preserving fossils
Questions 1-6
2. The author describes the Neanderthal as being all
of the following EXCEPT Steamships were first introduced into
(A) short (B) swift the United States in 1807, and John Molson
built the first steamship in Canada(then called
(C) strong (D) stocky British North America) in 1809. By the 1830's
3. Which of the following most likely accounts for dozens of steam vessels were in use in
Canada. They offered the traveler reliable
the fact that the Neanderthal brain was larger than
that of the modern human? transportation in comfortable facilities-a
welcome alternative to stagecoach travel,
(A) The relatively large size of the Neanderthal's
which at the best of times could only be
body
described as wretched. This commitment to
(B) The superior intelligence of the Neanderthal.
(C) The swelling behind the Neanderthal’s head dependable river transport became entrenched
with the investment of millions of dollars for
(D) The Neanderthal's midfacial projection
the improvement of waterways. which
4. Where in the passage does the author specifically included the construction of canals and lock
stress the contrast between the Neanderthal face and systems. The Lachine and Welland canals.
that of other biologically related populations? two of the most important systems. were
(A) Lines 1–4 (B) Lines 7–9 opened in 1825 and 1829, respectively. By the
time that Upper and Lower Canada were
(C) Lines 10–11 (D) Lines 18–20 united into the Province of Canada in 1841.
5. Which of the following explanations is NOT the public debt for canals was more than one
cited as a possible explanation of the Neanderthal’s hundred dollars per capita. an enormous sum
streamlined face shape? for the time. But it may not seem such a great
(A) Some jaw muscles had limited use. amount if we consider that improvements
(B) The facial features were well adapted to the allowed steamboats to remain practical for
cold. most commercial transport in Canada until the
(C) The front teeth were particularly important. mid-- nineteenth century.
(D) The nose was set far back 1. What is the main purpose of the passage?
6. The phrase "the trained eye" in line 18 most (A) To contrast travel by steamship and stagecoach
likely refers to which of the following (B) To criticize the level of public debt in
professionals? nineteenth - century Canada -
(A) An optometrist (B) A dentist (C) To describe the introduction of steamships in
Canada
(C) An anthropologist (D) A photographer (D) To show how Canada surpassed the United
States in transportation improvements
2. The word "reliable" in line 3 is closest in
meaning to which of the following
(A) Quick (B) Safe
(C) Dependable (D) Luxurious
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the
passage about stagecoach travel in Canada in the
1831's?
(A) It was reasonably comfortable.
(B) It was extremely efficient.
(C) It was not popular.
(D) It was very practical.
4. According to the passage, when was the Welland
Canal opened?
(A) 1807 (B) 1809
(C) 1825 (D) 1829
5. The word "sum" in line 10 is closest in meaning
to which of the following?
(A) Size (B) Cost
(C) Payment (D) Amount
6. According to the passage, steamships became
practical means of transportation in Canada
because of
(A) improvements in the waterways
(B) large subsidies from John Molson
(C) a relatively small population
(D) the lack of alternate means
Tsa 31. B. She has a new printer for her computer.
Listening 32. B. A way to help people improve their economic
conditions.
1. A. The woman and the man have plans to eat out 33. D. Microcredit programs have been very
together. successful there.
2. A. A plane trip. 34. B. Sign up for the economics seminar.
3. D. The calendar shows the wrong month. 35. B. The architectural design of a new museum.
4. B. They will arrive late for dinner. 36. A. Both were designed by the same architect.
5. B. Their team nearly lost the game. 37. D. A natural landscape.
6. A. Join him and Mary at the movie. 38. B. Traditional values of Native Americans.
7. B. He is planning to stay until the conference is 39. A. They are examples of the usual sequence of
finished. observation and explanation.
8. D. The man can buy detergent at the store. 40. D. Scientists were unable to balance equations
9. B. It is nicer than the Holiday Motel. of
10. C. Canadian winters are rather long. energy without it.
11. B. His private lessons did not help him. 41. D. That it has a tiny amount of mass.
12. A.The committee has just begun to write the 42. B. The role of New England trees in British
report. shipbuilding.
13. B. They will probably have to play in the gym. 43. C. History.
14. B. Change some wording in his letter. 44. D. Birch.
15. B. He is canceling the choir rehearsal because of 45. A. Its width.
illness. 46. D. ->
16. C. The man will get to the bank before it closes. 47. D. How they solve problems.
17. C. Leave the museum temporarily 48. B. By imitating signals that the other spiders
18. C. The woman's paper is in the trash. send.
19. A. The woman can make her call tomorrow. 49. B. Cross some water.
20. D. He will go with the woman. 50. B. It would try to reach the rock a different way.
21. B. She does not want to see the man's test.
22. C. He will get the job done if he gets some
instruction.
23. A. Find another sociology course.
24. B. She cannot read the applications until after
her
class.
25. C. Mary will win the election.
26. C. He sometimes gets headaches after doing
computer work.
27. D. The bookstore did not have what she was
looking for.
28. D. He will put the equipment away.
29. A. The man did not give the woman the notes
she
needed.
30. A. The man will find a job if he continues to
look.
Jim 42. C. Attracting birds.
43. B. They like to eat them.
Listening 44. D. They are baked in the oven.
1. A. The man should go to the museum by shuttle 45. A. It makes the clean and free of germs.
bus. 46. C. She collects birds nests.
2. D. The man should have studied for the exam. 47. A. How to prevent landslides in populated areas.
3. A. A new building. 48. B. They can reveal unsafe conditions for building.
4. B. Use computer in the lab. 49. B. It helps keep the soil in place.
5. A. She got her watch where his sister works. 50. D. A wall that stops water from draining.
6. A. Find out if classes are cancelled Structure
7. B. She is spending a lot of time in the library.
8. A. Try to fix what is wrong with the computer. 1. Neither Professor Johnson nor any other faculty
9. B. She wants the man to choose quickly. member __________ to apply for the dean’s
10. B. She can return the CD to Tom later. position.
11. B. Make an appointment at the clinic soon.
12. C. Look at other apartments before deciding. A. intend
13. D. He is not on the basketball team. B. intends
14. B. Buy the green shirt.
15. C. The woman is planning to start a new job. C. are intending
16. D. See a play with her aunt. D. has intend
17. C. She thinks she will not need financial aid.
18. B. The woman does not have to pay extra for it. 2. E. Coli has proven to be __________ most
19. A. A small town can have negative qualities. dangerous bacteria that can be acquired from food
20. D. He will not able to coordinate the program again and water, even in developed countries.
21. C. He is late for an appointment with the man and
woman. A. one of the
22. B. She can get the materials they gave out at the B. one of
meeting.
23. A. He probably will not able to follow the C. one
professor’s advice. D. of one
24. B. He doubts that the theater group will perform a
musical next year. 3. The death toll would __________ much higher if
25. C. He wants an appartment near his work. immediate action had not been taken.
26. D. The elections would be held later. A. probably being
27. A. He did not recommend the lecture.
28. D. She intends to go see the movie. B. probably be
29. C. Ways should he found to use less water.
C. probably been
30. C. The new manual has not been completed yet.
31. C. The class reading list. D. be probable
32. D. The main character gets into trouble.
4. A fire in the __________ building could be a
33. A. Some British reviewers wrote favorably about it.
34. C. Phases of language development in young problem for firefighters.
children. A. ninety-story-tall
35. C. They are among the first sounds babies make.
36. A. Their voice box is not positioned correctly yet. B. ninety-tall-story
37. D. When children lear to associate sounds with C. ninety-stories-tall
meaning.
38. B. How children are able to learn language. D. ninety stories
39. B. Communication over long distances in North
America.
40. C. The fees of several couriers were included in the
charge.
41. D. A funeral.
5. Their office consisted of three rooms, 12. A congressional committee has been appointed
__________ was used as a conference room. to study a new procedure __________ to
A. larger of which eliminate some costly expenditures.
B. the largest of which A. that is expected
C. the largest of them B. what is expected
D. largest C. which expects
D. that expected
6. In the past six months, the company has already
received twice __________ in gross revenues as
13. Some people send job applications even when
it earned in the entire preceding year.
they are reasonably happy in their jobs,
A. as much
__________ improving their position.
B. more
A. with hoping to
C. as many
B. hoping that
D. as more
C. with hopes of
D. hoping to
7. __________ better, the team would have been
able to defeat the opponent.
14. Swimming is a beneficial exercise, __________
A. If it prepares
aerobic activity and uses a number of muscle
B. If prepares
groups.
C. Preparing
A. not only because it provides
D. Had it prepared
B. because it both provides
C. for provision
8. Nobody knows why __________ postponed until
D. as result of providing
next week.
A. the meeting
15. The professor instructed the students
B. was the meeting
__________ the essay without preparing an
C. did the meeting
outline first.
D. the meeting was
A. to not write
B. not to write
9. The curriculum at the public school is as good
C. do not write
__________ of any private school.
D. to no write
A. or better than
B. as or better that
16. It is not clear when __________, although there
C. as or better than that
are many different theories.
D. as or better than those
A. dinosaurs becoming extinct
B. dinosaurs extinction
10. Being a private university, __________ a well-
C. dinosaurs became extinct
organized charitable giving program in order to
D. did dinosaurs become extinct
offer a sufficient number of quality courses and
activities.
17. If the driver’s own car __________ damaged,
A. development of
the favorite probably would have won the race.
B. it developed
A. had not been
C. develop
B. not
D. developing
C. no had been
D. has no be
11. The greater the number of bacteria attacking the
system, __________.
18. The soldiers were unable to determine where
A. the sooner treatment must be begun
__________.
B. sooner must begin treatment
A. the jeep had been left
C. begin treatment as soon as possible
B. had been leave the jeep
D. must begin treatment sooner
C. had the jeep been left
D. had the jeep left 26. It was not until the students were seated
__________ the proctor realized he had
19. The manager was angry because somebody the wrong test booklets.
_________. A. that B. when
A. had allowed the photographers to enter the C. as soon as D. and
building
B. had let the photographers to enter the building 27. As a result of the additional rain with so much
C. permitting the photographers enter the building flooding already having occurred, residents
D. the photographers let into the building were seeking shelter __________ than in
previous years.
20. The committee members resented __________ A. in more numbers
of the meeting. B. more numerously
A. the president that he did not tell them C. greater in numbers
B. the president not to inform them D. in greater numbers
C. the president’s not informing them
D. that the president had failed informing 28. The company president wrote an e-mail and
themselves planned to send __________ as soon as the vote
was complete.
21. __________ did Arthur realize that there was A. to all directors the message
danger. B. the message by all directors
A. Upon entering the store C. message to all directors
B. When he entered the store D. the message to all directors
C. After he had entered the store
D. Only after entering the store 29. As the result of Diane’s illness and the effects of
the medication, __________ to curtail her work
22. The company sustained an angry reaction from and public speaking activities.
its employees after announcing how__________ A. has B. had
to reduce operating costs. C. she has had D. she will had
A. it planned B. planned
C. did it plan D. was planned 30. __________ did Arthur realize that there was
danger.
23. The gymnasium facilities of this public school A. Upon entering the store
are __________ those of the finest private B. When he entered the store
school in the county. C. After he had entered the store
A. second after B. second only to D. Only after entering the store
C. first except for D. second place from
31. Hardly __________ the office when he realized
24. The more the horse tried to free itself from the that he had forgotten his wallet.
restraint, __________. A. he had entered
A. the tighter it became B. had entered
B. it became tighter C. entered
C. the horse could not escape D. had he entered
D. it was unable to move
32. Once the employees had begun receiving
25. __________, that runner is likely to be the first financial information on the company,
one chosen. __________ income.
A. Due to her agility and speed A. they diligently assisted in reducing costs and
B. Because of she is agile and fast increasing
C. Because agile and rapid B. it made the employees more eager to assist in
D. Because her agility and speed reduce costs and increase
C. diligently they assist to reduce costs and increase
D. with extreme diligence helped lower costs and depending largely upon the type of terrain and the
increase properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline
33. The plumber attempted to loosen the nut with cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the
regular pliers but then decided he needed to biggest
retrieve his toolbox in order to use __________. (30) and most expensive construction project ever
A. another pliers
undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single
B. others pliers
business could raise that much money, so 8 major
C. the others ones
D. another pair oil
companies formed a consortium in order to share
34. The committee has met and __________. the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to
A. have approve the budget (35) particular shares of land in the oil fields and
B. budget was approved paid
C. its approval of the budget into the pipeline-construction fund according to the
D. approved the budget size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous
problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment
Reading breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous
(40) terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement,
Practice Passage 1 and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge completed and is operating.
of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across
the largest and northernmost state in the United 1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's
States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village a) operating costs
nearly 800 miles from (5) whereit begins. It is b) employees
massive in size and extremely complicated to c) consumers
operate. The steel pipe crosses windswept plains d) construction
and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the
frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, 2. The word "it" in line 5 refers to
climbs sheer (10) mountains, plunges over rocky a) pipeline
b) ocean
crags, makes its way
c) state
through thick forests, and passes over or under d) village
hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in
diameter, and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million 3. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of
gallons) of crude oil can be pumped through it oil
daily. can travel through the pipeline each
(15) Resting on H-shaped steel racks called a) day
"bents," long sections of the pipeline follow a b) week
zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other c) month
long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or d) year
rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The
pattern of the pipeline's up-and- (20) down route is 4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 15 is closest in
meaning to
determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic
a) consisting of
and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land,
b) supported by
and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or c) passing under
permafrost (permanently frozen ground). A little d) protected with
more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the
ground. (25) The remainder is buried anywhere
from 3 to 12 feet,
5. The author mentions all of the following as response, in the “jazz age” of the 1920s, in the
important in determining the pipeline's route “swing era” of the late 1930s and in the peak
EXCEPT the popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s.
a. climate The standard legend about Jazz is that it
b. lay of the land itself originated
c. local vegetation around the end of the 19th century in New
d. kind of soil and rock Orleans and moved up the Mississippi Memphis,
St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded
6. The word "undertaken" in line 31 is closest in together the elements of Ragtime, marching band
meaning to music, and the Blues. However, the influences
a. removed of what led to those early sounds goes back
b. selected to tribal African drum beats and European
c. transported musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans
d. attempted barber and cornet player, is generally considered
to have been the first real Jazz musician, around
7. How many companies shared the costs of 1891.
constructing the pipeline? What made Jazz significantly different from
a. three the other earlier forms of music was the use of
b. four improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from
c. eight traditional music where a composer wrote an
d. twelve entire
piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians
8. The word "particular" in line 35 is closest in to break their backs playing exactly what was
meaning to written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however,
a. peculiar the song is simply a starting point, or sort of
b. specific skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to
c. exceptional improvise around. Actually, many of the early
d. equal Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some
couldn’t even read music at all. Generally
9. Which of the following determined what speaking, these early musicians couldn’t make
percentage of the construction costs each very much money and were stuck working
member of the consortium would pay? menial jobs to make a living. The second wave
a. How much oil field land each company of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such
owned memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and
b. How long each company had owned land in the Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small
oil fields bands and took the music of earlier musicians,
c. How many people worked for each company improved its complexity, and gained greater
d. How many oil wells were located on the success. This music is known as “hot Jazz” due
company's land to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic
10. Where in the passage does the author provide a drive.
term for an earth covering that always remains A young cornet player by the name of
frozen? Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver
a. Line 4 b. Line 15 in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one
c. Line 23 d. Line 37 of the greatest and most successful musicians of
all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the
world. The impact of Armstrong and other
Jazz has been called “the art of talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we
expression set to music”, and “America’s great look at music.
contribution 1. The Passage answers which of the following
to music”. It has functioned as popular art and questions?
enjoyed periods of fairly widespread public
(a) Why did Ragtime, marching band music, and (b) attractive
the (c) degrading
Blues lose popularity after about 1900? (d) skilled
(b) What were the origins of Jazz and how did it
differ from other forms of music? 8. According to the passage, which of the following
(c) What has been the greatest contribution of belonged to the second wave of New Orleans
cornet Jazz
players to music in the twentieth century? musicians?
(d) Which early Jazz musicians most influenced the (a) Louis Armstrong
development of Blues music? (b) Buddy Bolden
(c) St. Louis
2. According to the passage, Jazz originated in (d) Joe Oliver
(a) Chicago
(b) St. Louis 9. All of the following are true EXCEPT
(c) along the Mississippi river (a) the late 1930s was called the “swing era”
(d) New Orleans (b) “hot Jazz” is rhythmic
(c) Jazz has been said to be America’s greatest
3. The word “welded” in line 6 is closest in contribution to music
meaning (d) Joe Oliver is generally considered to be the
to first real Jazz musician
(a) squeezed
(b) bound 10. The word “its” in line 21 refers to
(c) added (a) small bands
(d) stirred (b) earlier music
(c) men
4. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a (d) earlier musicians
new form of musical expression?
(a) the use of cornets 11. Which of the following terms is defined in the
(b) “hot Jazz” passage?
(c) improvisation (a) “improvisation” (line 12)
(d) New Orleans (b) “traditional” (line 12)
(c) “composer” (line 12)
5. The word “skeletal” in line 15 is closest in (d) “score” (line 14)
meaning to
(a) framework The Moon has been worshipped by primitive
(b) musical peoples and has inspired humans to create
(c) basic everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but
(d) essential what do we really know about it? The most
accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that
6. Which of the following can be inferred from the it was formed of the debris from a massive collision
passage? with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A
(a) many early Jazz musicians had poor sight huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck the
(b) there is no slow music in Jazz Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris
(c) many early Jazz musicians had little formal that coalesced and
musical training cooled in orbit around the Earth.
(d) the cornet is the most common musical The development of Earth is inextricably
instrument used in Jazz linked to the moon; the Moon’s gravitational
influence upon the Earth is the primary cause of
7. The word “menial” in line 18 is closest in ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice
meaning the effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The
to Moon makes one rotation and completes a
(a) mens revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours,
and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotat ion is 15. According to the passage, the Moon is
caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the (a) older than the Earth
Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side than the (b) protected by a dense atmosphere
other) and has allowed the Earth’s gravity to keep (c) composed of a few active volcanoes
one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth. It (d) the primary cause of Earth’s ocean tides
is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km.
Moon has no atmosphere; without an 16. The word “uneven “ in line 11 is closest in
atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it from meaning to
meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon (a) Heavier
is covered with impact craters, both large and small. (b) Equally distributed
The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic (c) Orderly
activity, so the erosive effects of atmospheric (d) Not uniform
weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals
that tend to erase and reform the Earth’s surface 17. Why does the author mention “impact craters”
features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even in
tiny surface features such as the footprint left by an line 16?
astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for (a) to show the result of the Moon not having an
millions of years, unless obliterated by a chance atmosphere
meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is (b) to show the result of the Moon not having active
about onesixth that of the Earth’s. Therefore, a man tectonic or volcanic activity
weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh (c) to explain why the Moon has no plant life
14 kilograms on the Moon. because
The geographical features of the Earth most of meteorites
like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the (d) to explain the corrosive effects of atmospheric
Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor weathering
crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is very
unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact 18. The word “erase” in line 19 is closest in
the temperature on the Moon ranges between 123 meaning
degrees C. to –233 degrees C. to
(a) change
12. What is the passage primarily about? (b) impact
(a) the Moon’s effect upon the Earth (c) obliterate
(b) the origin of the Moon (d) erupt
(c) what we know about the Moon and its
differences to Earth 19. A person on the Moon would weigh less than
(d) a comparison of the Moon and the Earth on
the Earth because
13. The word “massive” in line 4 is closest in (a) of the composition of lunar soil
meaning to (b) the surface gravity of the Moon is less
(a) unavoidable (c) the Moon has no atmosphere
(a) dense (d) the Moon has no active tectonic or volcanic
(b) huge activity
(c) impressive
20. All of the following are true about the Moon
14. The word “debris” in line 5 is closest in EXCEPT
meaning (a) it has a wide range of temperatures
to (b) it is heavier on one side than the other
(a) rubbish (c) it is unable to protect itself from meteorite
(b) satellites attacks
(c) moons (d) it has less effect upon the tides than the Sun
(d) earth
21. Which of the following can be inferred from the heavily favored immigrants from northern and
passage? western Europe and severely limited everyone
(a) the Moon is not able to support human life else. This system remained in effect until
(b) if the Moon had no gravitational influence, the 1965, although after World War II, several
Earth would not have tides exceptions were made to the quota system to
(c) people living in Hawaii and Arizona would feel allow in groups of refugees.
at home on the Moon
(d) Mars could have been formed in a similar way 22. Why did the author write the passage?
to (a) to outline the ways immigration has been
the Moon restricted
(b) to emphasize the impact of migrants from
People of Hispanic origin were on the Europe
North American continent centuries before (c) to explain and give examples of the concept of a
settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s “melting pot”
and the thirteen colonies joined together to form (d) to summarize the main features of
the United States in the late 1700s. The first immigration
census of the new nation was conducted in
1790, and counted about four million people, 23. According to the passage, which ancestry
most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, predominated at the time of the first census?
more than 80% traced their ancestry back to (a) Native Americans
England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and (b) Negroes
about 60,000 “free Negroes”. Only a few Native (c) English
American Indians who paid taxes were included (d) Hispanic
in the census count, but the total Native American
population was probably about one million. 24. The word “ancestry” in line 5 is closest in
By 1815, the population of the United meaning to
States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, (a) origins
the country took in about 35 million (b) inheritance
immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in (c) color
the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 (d) freedom
Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907,
there were more than 30,000 Japanese 25. The word “their” in line 5 refers to which of the
immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of following
the new immigrants were from central, eastern, and (a) immigrants
southern Europe. (b) people of Hispanic origin
An enormous amount of racial and ethnic (c) white citizens
assimilation has taken place in the United States. (d) Native Americans
In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the
term “melting pot” to describe the concept of a 26. Which of the following is true, according to the
place where many races melted in a crucible passage?
and re-formed to populate a new land. Some (a) a quota system was in place from 1908
years during the first two decades of the 20th (b) a peak period of immigration was in the late
century, there were as many as one million new 1800s and early 1900s
immigrants per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the (c) slaves were not counted in the first census
total population of the United States. (d) only those who paid taxes were included in the
In 1921, however, the country began to first census
limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of
1924 virtually closed the door. The total number 27. The number of immigrants taken in over the
of immigrants admitted per year dropped from 100
as many as a million to only 150,000. A quota years to 1915 was
system was established that specified the number of (a) probably about 1 million
immigrants that could come from each country. It (b) about 35 million
(c) 8.4 million
(d) about 4 million

28. The word “concept” in line 16 is closest in

meaning to
(a) location
(b) type
(c) complexity
(d) thought

29. The word “virtually” in line 21 is closest in

meaning to
(a) effectively
(b) occasionally
(c) thoroughly
(d) undeservedly

30. Which of the following is NOT true about

immigrants
(a) they were subjected to an official quota in the
Immigration Act from 1924
(b) during the 1900s immigrants numbered 1
percent of the total population
(c) settlers of Hispanic origin arrived centuries
before those from Europe
(d) numbers began to be limited from 1921

31. Which of the following can be inferred from the

passage
Passage 3
(a) preserving a developing “American” culture
was a major factor leading to the When we accept the evidence of our
introduction unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow
of the quota system star, we have summed up the most important
(b) racial and ethnic assimilation did not occur as single fact about it-at this moment in time.
planned
(c) racial and ethnic tensions would have increased It appears probable, however, that
if sunlight will be the color we know for only a
the quota system had not been introduced negligibly small part of the Sun's history.
(d) the quota system was introduced to limit Stars, like individuals, age and change. As we
population growth look out into space, We see around us stars at
all stages of evolution. There are faint blood-
red dwarfs so cool that their surface
temperature is a mere 4,000 degrees
Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing at
100, 000 degrees Fahrenheit and almost too
hot to be seen, for the great part of their
radiation is in the invisible ultraviolet range.
Obviously, the "daylight" produced by any
star depends on its temperature; today(and for
ages to come) our Sun is at about 10,000
degrees Fahrenheit, and this means that most (C) Sun
of the Sun's light is concentrated in the yellow (D) hydrogen fuel
band of the spectrum, falling slowly in
intensity toward both the longer and shorter
light waves. Passage 4
That yellow "hump" will shift as the Sun If by "suburb" is meant an urban
evolves, and the light of day will change margin that grows more rapidly than its
accordingly. It is natural to assume that as the already developed interior, the process of
Sun grows older, and uses up its hydrogen suburbanization began during the emergence
fuel-which it is now doing at the spanking rate of the industrial city in the second quarter of
of half a billion tons a second- it will become the nineteenth century. Before that period the
steadily colder and redder. city was a small highly compact cluster in
1. What is the passage mainly about? which people moved about on foot and goods
were conveyed by horse and cart. But the
(A) Faint dwarf stars early factories built in the 1830's and 1840's
(B) The evolutionary cycle of the Sun were located along waterways and near
railheads at the edges of cities, and housing
(C) The Sun's fuel problem
was needed for the thousands of people drawn
(D) The dangers of invisible radiation by the prospect of employment. In time, the
2. What does the author say is especially important factories were surrounded by proliferating
about the Sun at the present time? mill towns of apartments and row houses that
abutted the older, main cities. As a defense
(A) It appears yellow against this encroachment and to enlarge their
(B) It always remains the same tax bases, the cities appropriated their
industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the
(C) It has a short history
city of Philadelphia annexed most of
(D) It is too cold Philadelphia County. Similar municipal
3. Why are very hot stars referred to as "ghosts"? maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New
York Indeed, most great cities of the United
(A) They are short- lived. States achieved such status only by
(B) They are mysterious. incorporating the communities along their
borders.
(C) They are frightening.
With the acceleration of industrial
(D) They are nearly invisible.
growth came acute urban crowding and
4. According to the passage as the Sun continues to accompanying social stress conditions that
age, it is likely to become what color? began to approach disastrous proportions
(A) Yellow when, in 1888, the first commercially
successful electric traction line was
(B) Violet developed. Within a few years the horse -
(C) Red drawn trolleys were retired and electric
streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected
(D) White
every major urban area, fostering a wave of
5. In line 15, to which of the following does "it" suburbanization that transformed the compact
refer? industrial city into a dispersed metropolis.
(A) yellow "hump" This first phase of mass - scale
suburbanization was reinforced by the
(B) day simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle
class whose desires for homeownership In (A) Lines 3-5
neighborhoods far from the aging inner city (B) Lines 5-9
were satisfied by the developers of single-
family housing tracts. (C) Lines 12- 13
1. Which of the following is the best title for the (D) Lines 15-18
passage? The first jazz musicians played in New
(A) The growth of Philadelphia Orleans during the early 1900's. After 1917.
many of the New Orleans musicians moved to
(B) The Origin of the Suburb the south side of Chicago. where they
(C) The Development of City Transportation continued to play their style of jazz. Soon
Chicago was the new-center for jazz.
(D) The Rise of the Urban Middle Class
2. The author mentions that areas bordering the Several outstanding musicians
cities have grown during periods of emerged as leading jazz artists in Chicago.
Daniel Lotus "Satchmo" Armstrong, born in
(A) industrialization New Orleans in 1900, was one. Another
(B) inflation leading musician was Joseph king Oliver. who
is also credited with having discovered
(C) revitalization
Armstrong, when they were both in New
(D) unionization Orleans. While in Chicago. Oliver asked
3. In line 10 the word "encroachment" refers to Armstrong, who was in New Orleans, to join
which of the following? his band. In 1923 King Oliver's Creole Jazz
Band made the first important set of
(A) The smell of the factories recordings by a Hot Five and Hot Seven
(B) The growth of mill towns bands under Louis Armstrong also made
recordings of special note.
(C) The development of waterways
(D) The loss of jobs Although Chicago’s South Side was the
main jazz center, some musicians in New
4. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in York were also demanding attention in jazz
the passage as a factor in nineteenth-century circles. In 1923 Fletcher Henderson already
suburbanization? had a ten - piece band that played jazz. During
(A) Cheaper housing the early 1930’s, the number of players grew
to sixteen. Henderson' s band was considered
(B) Urban crowding
a leader in what some people have called the
(C) The advent of an urban middle class Big Band Era. By the 1930’s. big dance bands
(D) The invention of the electric streetcar were the rage. Large numbers of people went
to ballrooms to dance to jazz music played by
5. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1890 big bands.
most people traveled around cities by
One of the most popular and also a very
(A) automobile famous jazz band was the Duke Eilington
(B) cart band. Edward "Duke" Ellington was born in
Washington, D.C., in 1899 and died in New
(C) horse-draw trolley
York City in 1974. He studied the piano as a
(D) electric streetcar young boy and later began writing original
6. Where in the passage does the author describe the musical compositions. The first of Ellington's
cities as they were prior to suburbanization. European tours came in 1933. He soon
received international fame for his talent as a
 band leader, composer. and arranger. Ten (C) jazz originated in New Orleans in the early
years later, Ellington began giving annual nineteenth century
concerts at Carnegic Hall in New York City. (D) jazz band were better known in, Europe than
People began to listen to jazz in the same way, in the United States
that they had always listened to classical
music. 6. Which of the following cities is NOT mentioned
in the passage as a center of jazz?
1. It can be inferred from the passage that Louis
Armstrong went to Chicago for which of the (A) New York
following reasons? (B) Washington, D.C.
(A) To form his own band (C) Chicago
(B) To learn to play Chicago - style jazz (D) New Orleans
(C) To play in Joseph Oliver's band
(D) To make recordings with the Hot Five Questions 1-11
2. According to the passage, which of the following Jazz has been called “the art of
Black bands was the first to make a significant set expression set to music”, and “America’s
of jazz recordings? great contribution to music”. It has
(A) The Hot Seven band functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods
of fairly widespread public response, in the
Line(B) Fletcher Henderson's band “jazz age” of the 1920s, in the “swing era” of
(5) (C) The Red Hot Peppers band the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of
modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard
(D) King Oliver's Creole jazz Band
legend about Jazz is that it originated around
the end of the 19th century in New Orleans
and moved up the Mississippi River to
3. As used in line 12, the word "note" could best be Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It
replaced by which of the following? welded together the elements of Ragtime,
(A) distinction marching band music, and the Blues.
(10) However, the influences of what led to those
(B) memorandum
early sounds goes back to tribal African drum
(C) mood beats and European musical structures.
(D) song Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and
cornet player, is generally considered to have
4. The nickname "Duke" belonged to which of the been the first real Jazz musician, around
following bandleaders? 1891.
(A) Louis Armstrong What made Jazz significantly
(B) Joseph Oliver different from the other earlier forms of
(15)
music was the use of improvisation. Jazz
(C) Edward Ellington
displayed a break from traditional music
(D) Fletcher Henderson where a composer wrote an entire piece of
5. The passage supports which of the following music on paper, leaving the musicians to
conclusions? break their backs playing exactly what was
written on the score. In a Jazz piece,
(A) By the 1930's jazz was appreciated by a however, the song is simply a starting point,
wide audience or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz
(20)
(B) Classical music had a great impact on jazz musicians to improvise around. Actually,
many of the early Jazz musicians were bad (B) bound
sight readers and some couldn’t even read (C) added
music at all. Generally speaking, these early
musicians couldn’t make very much money (D) stirred
and were stuck working menial jobs to make 4. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a
a living. The second wave of New Orleans new form of musical expression?
Jazz musicians included such memorable
players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll (A) the use of cornets
Morton. These men formed small bands and (B) “hot Jazz”
took the music of earlier musicians,
(C) improvisation
improved its complexity, and gained greater
success. This music is known as “hot Jazz” (D) New Orleans
due to the enormously fast speeds and 5. The word “skeletal” in line 15 is closest in
rhythmic drive. meaning to
A young cornet player by the name of (A) framework
Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe
(B) musical
Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to
become one of the greatest and most (C) basic
successful musicians of all time, and later (D) essential
one of the biggest stars in the world. The
impact of Armstrong and other talented early 6. Which of the following can be inferred from the
Jazz musicians changed the way we look at passage?
music. (A) many early Jazz musicians had poor sight
1. The Passage answers which of the following (B) there is no slow music in Jazz
questions? (C) many early Jazz musicians had little formal
(A) Why did Ragtime, marching band music, and musical training
the Blues lose popularity after about 1900? (D) the cornet is the most common musical
(B) What were the origins of Jazz and how did it instrument used in Jazz
differ from other forms of music? 7. The word “menial” in line 18 is closest in
(C) What has been the greatest contribution of meaning to
cornet players to music in the twentieth (A) mens
century?
(B) attractive
(D) Which early Jazz musicians most influenced
the development of Blues music? (C) degrading

2. According to the passage, Jazz originated in (D) skilled

(A) Chicago 8. According to the passage, which of the following

belonged to the second wave of New Orleans
(B) St. Louis Jazz musicians?
(C) along the Mississippi river (A) Louis Armstrong
(D) New Orleans (B) Buddy Bolden
3. The word “welded” in line 6 is closest in meaning (C) St. Louis
to
(D) Joe Oliver
(A) squeezed
9. All of the following are true EXCEPT
(A) the late 1930s was called the “swing era”
(B) “hot Jazz” is rhythmic
(C) Jazz has been said to be America’s greatest
contribution to music
(D) Joe Oliver is generally considered to be the
first real Jazz musician
10. The word “its” in line 21 refers to
(A) small bands
(B) earlier music
(C) men
(D) earlier musicians
11. Which of the following terms is defined in the
passage?
(A) “improvisation” (line 12)
(B) “traditional” (line 12)
(C) “composer” (line 12)
(D) “score” (line 14)
 Questions 12-21 kilograms on the Moon.
The geographical features of the Earth most
like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such
The Moon has been worshipped by
as the Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge
primitive peoples and has inspired humans to
meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the
create everything from lunar calendars to love
Moon is very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona,
sonnets, but what do we really know about it?
however; in fact the temperature on the Moon
The most accepted theory about the origin of
Line ranges between 123 degrees C. to –233
the Moon is that it was formed of the debris
degrees C.
(5) from a massive collision with the young Earth
about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body,
perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth,
12. What is the passage primarily about?
throwing out an immense amount of debris
that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the (A) the Moon’s effect upon the Earth
Earth. (B) the origin of the Moon
The development of Earth is (C) what we know about the Moon and its
inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon’s differences to Earth
gravitational influence upon the Earth is the
(10) primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the (D) a comparison of the Moon and the Earth
Moon has more than twice the effect upon the 13. The word “massive” in line 4 is closest in
tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one meaning to
rotation and completes a revolution around
(A) unavoidable
the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43
minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused (B) dense
by an uneven distribution of mass in the (C) huge
Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side
than the other) and has allowed the Earth’s (D) impressive
(15) gravity to keep one side of the Moon 14. The word “debris” in line 5 is closest in
permanently facing Earth. It is an average meaning to
distance from Earth of 384,403 km.
(A) rubbish
The Moon has no atmosphere; without (B) satellites
an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to
protect it from meteorite impacts, and thus the (C) moons
surface of the Moon is covered with impact (D) earth
(20) craters, both large and small. The Moon also 15. According to the passage, the Moon is
has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so
the erosive effects of atmospheric weathering, (A) older than the Earth
tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that (B) protected by a dense atmosphere
tend to erase and reform the Earth’s surface
features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, (C) composed of a few active volcanoes
even tiny surface features such as the footprint (D) the primary cause of Earth’s ocean tides
left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely
(25) to last for millions of years, unless obliterated
by a chance meteorite strike. The surface
gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that of 16. The word “uneven “ in line 11 is closest in
the Earth’s. Therefore, a man weighing 82 meaning to
kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14
(A) Heavier (B) if the Moon had no gravitational influence, the
Earth would not have tides
(B) Equally distributed
(C) Orderly (C) people living in Hawaii and Arizona would feel
at home on the Moon
(D) Not uniform
(D) Mars could have been formed in a similar way
17. Why does the author mention “impact craters”
to the Moon
in line 16?
Questions 22-31
(A) to show the result of the Moon not having an
atmosphere People of Hispanic origin were on the
(B) to show the result of the Moon not having active North American continent centuries before
tectonic or volcanic activity settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s
and the thirteen colonies joined together to form
(C) to explain why the Moon has no plant life the United States in the late 1700s. The first
because of meteorites Line census of the new nation was conducted in 1790,
(D) to explain the corrosive effects of atmospheric (5) and counted about four million people, most of
weathering whom were white. Of the white citizens, more
than 80% traced their ancestry back to England.
18. The word “erase” in line 19 is closest in
There were close to 700,000 slaves and about
meaning to
60,000 “free Negroes”. Only a few Native
(A) change American Indians who paid taxes were included
(B) impact in the census count, but the total Native
American population was probably about one
(C) obliterate million.
(D) erupt (10) By 1815, the population of the United
19. A person on the Moon would weigh less than on States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years,
the Earth because the country took in about 35 million
(A) of the composition of lunar soil immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming
in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882,
(B) the surface gravity of the Moon is less 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and
(C) the Moon has no atmosphere 1907, there were more than 30,000 Japanese
immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of
(D) the Moon has no active tectonic or volcanic
the new immigrants were from central, eastern,
activity
(15) and southern Europe.
20. All of the following are true about the Moon
An enormous amount of racial and ethnic
EXCEPT
assimilation has taken place in the United
(A) it has a wide range of temperatures States. In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first
(B) it is heavier on one side than the other used the term “melting pot” to describe the
concept of a place where many races melted in
(C) it is unable to protect itself from meteorite a crucible and re-formed to populate a new
attacks land. Some years during the first two decades
(D) it has less effect upon the tides than the Sun of the 20th century, there were as many as one
million new immigrants per year, an
21. Which of the following can be inferred from the
(20) astonishing 1 percent of the total population of
passage?
the United States.
(A) the Moon is not able to support human life In 1921, however, the country began to
 limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of
1924 virtually closed the door. The total
number of immigrants admitted per year 26. Which of the following is true, according to the
dropped from as many as a million to only passage?
150,000. A quota system was established that
(25) specified the number of immigrants that could (A) a quota system was in place from 1908
come from each country. It heavily favored (B) a peak period of immigration was in the late
immigrants from northern and western Europe 1800s and early 1900s
and severely limited everyone else. This system
remained in effect until 1965, although after (C) slaves were not counted in the first census
World War II, several exceptions were made to (D) only those who paid taxes were included in the
the quota system to allow in groups of first census
refugees. 27. The number of immigrants taken in over the 100
22. Why did the author write the passage? years to 1915 was
(A) to outline the ways immigration has been (A) probably about 1 million
restricted (B) about 35 million
(B) to emphasize the impact of migrants from (C) 8.4 million
Europe
(D) about 4 million
(C) to explain and give examples of the concept of a
“melting pot” 28. The word “concept” in line 16 is closest in
meaning to
(D) to summarize the main features of
immigration (A) location

23. According to the passage, which ancestry (B) type

predominated at the time of the first census? (C) complexity
(A) Native Americans (D) thought
(B) Negroes 29. The word “virtually” in line 21 is closest in
(C) English meaning to

(D) Hispanic (A) effectively

24. The word “ancestry” in line 5 is closest in (B) occasionally

meaning to (C) thoroughly
(A) origins (D) undeservedly
(B) inheritance 30. Which of the following is NOT true about
(C) color immigrants

(D) freedom (A) they were subjected to an official quota in the

Immigration Act from 1924
25. The word “their” in line 5 refers to which of the
following (B) during the 1900s immigrants numbered 1
percent of the total population
(A) immigrants
(C) settlers of Hispanic origin arrived centuries
(B) people of Hispanic origin before those from Europe
(C) white citizens (D) numbers began to be limited from 1921
(D) Native Americans
 Wright had achieved extraordinary social and
professional success. He gave countless
31. Which of the following can be inferred from the
lectures at major universities, and started his
passage
(20) Taliesin Fellowship – a visionary social
(A) preserving a developing “American” culture workshop in itself. In 1938 he appeared on the
was a major factor leading to the introduction cover of Time magazine, and later, on a two
of the quota system cent stamp. The most spectacular buildings of
his mature period were based on forms
(B) racial and ethnic assimilation did not occur as borrowed from nature, and the intentions were
planned clearly romantic, poetic, and intensely
(C) racial and ethnic tensions would have increased personal. Examples of these buildings are
if the quota system had not been introduced Tokyo’s Imperial Hotel (1915-22: demolished
1968), and New York City’s Guggenheim
(D) the quota system was introduced to limit Museum (completed 1959) He continued
population growth working until his death in 1959, at the age of
Questions 32-40 92, although in his later years, he spent as
much time giving interviews and being a
celebrity, as he did in designing buildings.
Considered the most influential Wright can be considered an essentially
architect of his time, Frank Lloyd Wright idiosyncratic architect whose influence was
(1867-1959) was born in the small rural immense but whose pupils were few.
community of Richland Center, Wisconsin. 32. With which of the following subjects is the
He entered the University of Wisconsin at the passage mainly concerned?
Line age of 15 as a special student, studying
(5) engineering because the school had no course (A) the development of modern architecture in
in architecture. At the age of 20 he then went America
to work as a draughtsman in Chicago in order (B) the contributions of the “Prairie” School to
to learn the traditional, classical language of modern architecture
architecture. After marrying into a wealthy
business family at the age of 21, Wright set (C) the life and achievements of a famous
up house in an exclusive neighborhood in architect
Chicago, and after a few years of working for (D) the influence of the style of “organic
a number of architectural firms, set up his architecture” in America
(10) own architectural office.
33. Frank Lloyd Wright first worked as a
For twenty years he brought up a family
draughtsman because
of six children upstairs, and ran a thriving
architectural practice of twelve or so (A) for twenty years he lived above his shop and
draughtsmen downstairs. Here, in an idyllic employed draughtsmen
American suburb, with giant oaks, sprawling
lawns, and no fences, Wright built some sixty (B) to learn the language of architecture
rambling homes by the year 1900. He became (C) that is what he studied at the University of
the leader of a style known as the “Prairie” Wisconsin
(15) school - houses with low-pitched roofs and
extended lines that blended into the landscape (D) that is the work of new employees in
and typified his style of “organic architectural firms
architecture”.
By the age of forty-one, in 1908,
 (C) Wright used his wife’s money to set up his own
architectural office in an exclusive neighborhood
34. The word “some” in line 11 is closest in
in Chicago
meaning to
(D) Some of Wright’s most notable buildings have
(A) around been demolished because they were not popular
(B) over 40. All of the following about Frank Lloyd Wright
(C) nearly are true EXCEPT
(D) exactly (A) he became the leader of a style known as
“organic architecture”
35. According to the passage, an idyllic American
suburb is (B) he died at the age of 92

(A) based on forms borrowed from nature (C) he commenced university studies at the age of
15
(B) blended into the landscape
(D) some of his most spectacular buildings were not
(C) giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences in America
(D) houses with low-pitched reefs and extended
lines
36. The word “blended” in line 13 is closest in
meaning to
(A) dug
(B) cut
(C) imposed
(D) merged
37. The word “itself” in line 17 refers to
(A) social workshop
(B) Taliesin Fellowship
(C) He
(D) Major universities
38. The word “idiosyncratic” in line 24 is closest in
meaning to
(A) idiotic
(B) idealistic
(C) individualistic
(D) independent
39. Which of the following can be inferred from the
passage?
(A) the Taliesin Fellowship was a grant of money
(B) many of Wright’s architectural ideas have
not been taken up by others
Structure (C) a telephoto lens which magnifies
(D) and magnifying a telephoto lens
1. Clinical psychologist Dr. Carl Rogers found that
80 _____ percent verbal communication involved 7. Volcanoes are divided into three main
five types of responses: evaluative, interpretive, groups, based on their shape and the
supportive, probing, and understanding. type of material they______.
(A) all (A) are made
(B) is the (B) made of
(C) with (C) are made of
(D) of all (D) made for

2. The early feminist leader Susan B. Anthony 8. _____ to inanimate objects, such as
became increasingly aware through her work in the machines, is a form of animism.
temperance movement ______ the same rights as (A) When attributing emotion
men. (B) Attributing emotion
(A) women were not granted that (C) Emotion is attributed
(B) that women were not granted (D) If emotion is attributed
(C) not granted women that were
9. ______, dolphins have no sense of smell.
(D) that were not granted women
(A) As known as far
(B) Known thus far as
3. DNA, _____, is found in the cell nucleus
(C) It is known as far
in the form of very long and thin
(D) As far as is known
molecules consisting of two spiral strands.
(A) inherits material
10. The growth of psychobiology owes _____ to
(B) is inheritance material
major conceptual advances in the way people think
(C) material is inherited
about the brain.
(D) the material of inheritance
(A) much
(B) as much as
4. ______ plants, which manufacture their
(C) much which
own food, animals obtain nourishment by
(D) there is so much
acquiring and ingesting their food.
(A) Unlike
11. In 1938 Pearl S. Buck became the first
(B) Different
American woman ______ the Nobel Prize for
(C) Whereas
Literature.
(D) As much
(A) receive
(B) received
5. The Hawaiian alphabet, introduced by
(C) to receive
missionaries in the 1820's, _____ and only seven
(D) she received
consonants.
(A) the five vowels consist of
12. Now considered an art form, quilt making
(B) consisting of five vowels
originated as a means of fashioning bed covers from
(C) that consists of five vowels
bits of fabric that otherwise ______.
(D) consists of five vowels
(A) not use
(B) were no use
6. Working like a telescope, _____ the size
(C) had no use
of objects at great distances.
(D) it was not used
(A) which magnifies a telephoto lens
(B) a telephoto lens magnifies
 1. In 1879, _____, Alice Freeman Palmer became
13. The early years of the United States government head of the history department at Wellesley
were characterized by a debate concerning _____ or College.
individual states should have more power. (A) twenty-four years
(A) whether the federal government (B) at the age of twenty-four
(B) either the federal government (C) age twenty-four
(C) that the federal government (D) of twenty-four years
(D) the federal government
2. United States spends more money on advertising
14. Beneath the streets of a modem city _____ of _____ country in the world.
walls, columns, cables, pipes, and tunnels required (A) other
to satisfy the needs of its inhabitants. (B) other than
(A) where exists the network (C) than any other
(B) the existing network (D) while other
(C) the network's existence
(D) exists the network 3. Penicillin, probably _____, came into
widespread use after the Second World War.
15. The province of Newfoundland has _____ than (A) an antibiotic of known
any other region of North America in which the first (B) was known the antibiotic
language is English. (C) the best-known antibiotic
(A) its longer history (D) known best antibiotic
(B) a longer history
(C) the longer the history 4. Although Emily Dickinson is now a well-known
(D) the history is longer American poet, only seven of her poems _____
while she was alive.
(A) publishing
(B) to publish
(C) have published
(D) were published

5. Thomas Jefferson served as president of the

American Philosophical Society, an organization
that encouraged of scientific and intellectual
research.
(A) ranging wide
(B) a wide range
(C) which ranged widely
(D) a widely ranging

6. Part of the Great Plains, Kansas is

famous for ____ fields of wheat.
(A) its seemingly endless
(B) it seems endless
(C) it is seemingly endless
(D) it is endless it seems
7. Skimming along the surface of the ocean or 13. _____ stem from the everyday life of common
rising from its depths like delicate balloons, _____ people, the most popular themes are love, jealousy,
to their aquatic habitat. revenge, disaster, and adventure.
(A) the perfect adaptation of jellyfish (A) Because folk ballads
(B) jellyfish are perfectly adapted (B) There are folk ballads
(C) jellyfish are adapted to perfectly (C) With folk ballads
(D) and the adaption is perfect for jellyfish (D) Folk ballads to

8. The sidereal day is the period _____ the Earth 14. _____ around us gives us vital information
completes one rotation on its axis. about our environment.
(A) when does it (A) The sounds are heard
(B) while it (B) That the hearing of sounds
(C) during which (C) Hearing the sounds
(D) in that (D) Whatever the sounds are heard

9. _____ rainfall in the desert is low, it is one of the 15. Located in Boston, _____ in the United
most important climatic factors in the formation of States was founded in 1852.
desert erosion features. (A) the first public library was free
(A) Although (B) the first free public library
(B) Why (C) was the first free public library
(C) Despite (D) where the first free public library was
(D) Due to
10. A strong swimmer, _____.
(A) that fish and seal are eaten chiefly by the polar
bear
(B) the polar bear eats chiefly fish and seal
(C) the polar bear eating chiefly fish and seal
(D) eating fish and seal chiefly by the polar bear

11. Helicopters can rise or descend vertically,

hover, and move forward, backward,____.
(A) they move laterally
(B) and are lateral
(C) or lateral motion
(D) or laterally

12. The Dallas Theater Center presents plays

in two buildings,_____ was designed by the
internationally renowned architect, Frank Lloyd
Wright.
(A) which
(B) which one
(C) that which
(D) one of which
1. ______ is helping to break new ground in drug
research.
(A) Computers are being used more if 7. Trilobites, a group of spineless animals,
(B) The increasing use of the computer flourished in the oceans for several hundred million
(C) If an increase in the use of the years ______ some 200 million years ago.
computer (A) until they became extinct
(D) Computers are being used more (B) and their extinction
(C) that were extinct
2. An elephant ______ vigorously when it is (D) because their extinction
overheated.
(A) flapping its ears 8. Recent engineering developments have made
(B) its ears flap ______ to recycle plastic soda bottles into polyester
(C) flaps its ears fabric.
(D) ears flap it (A) possible, and
(B) it is possible
3. Broadway musical comedy has been called (C) the possible
______ of the United States to modern theater. (D) it possible
(A) the major contribution that
(B) what is the major contribution 9. ______, bottle-nosed dolphins become talented
(C) the major contribution performers at many aquariums.
(D) to the major contribution (A) When to train
(B) Are training
4. ______ in 1968 as a nonprofit agency to finance (C) When trained
the growth of noncommercial radio and television in (D) To train them
the United States.
(A) The Corporation for Public Broadcasting 10. The art of the 1970's was characterized by
established diversity and by the independence of artists ______
(B) The Corporation for Public Broadcasting main affinities were more often sociopolitical than
was established stylistic.
(C) When the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (A) whose
was established (B) that
(D) Even though the Corporation for Public (C) they have
Broadcasting was established (D) of which

5. Cold temperatures; short growing seasons, and 11. Flower oils are ______ of the ingredients used
heavy snows prevent ______ at high elevations. in making perfume.
(A) grow trees (A) among expensive
(B) the growth of trees (B) among the most expensive
(C) trees are growing (C) being most expensive
(D) and growth of trees (D) expensive

6. Usually, the more skilled an athlete ______ the 12. A quilt that looks ordinary ______ may become
more effortless the athlete's movements appear to a work of abstract art when it is hung on a white
be. wall.
(A) what is (A) lying on a bed
(B) that is (B) lies on a bed
(C) that it is (C) to be lying on a bed
(D) is (D) to lie on a bed
13. ______, the hummingbird gets its name from
the sound that its wings make during flight.
(A) Has a brilliant color
(B) The brilliant color
(C) Which is brilliantly colored
(D) Brilliantly colored

14. Except for the Sun, all stars are too far from the
Earth for their distances ______ in miles or
kilometers.
(A) to be conveniently measured
(B) which conveniently measured
(C) to measure conveniently
(D) conveniently measured

15. Many technological innovations, such as the

telephone, ______ the result of sudden bursts of
inspiration in fact were preceded by many
inconclusive efforts.
(A) whose appearance
(B) that appear to be
(C) and appear to be
(D) are appearing