2 2 3

Electrical and electronic

experiment
Yun Zhang Date：2023.10
RLC circuit
 PART 01 RLC circuit

When the phase of voltage 𝑼𝒔 and current 𝑰 is

the same, the circuit is said to resonate.
𝑼𝒔 𝟏
𝒁 𝒋𝝎 = = 𝑹 + 𝐣 𝝎𝑳 − = 𝑹 + 𝒋𝑿
𝑰 𝝎𝑪

𝟏
When resonate ，𝑿 = 𝝎𝑳 − =𝟎
𝝎𝑪

𝟏 𝟏
𝝎= 𝝎𝟎 =
𝑳𝑪 𝑳𝑪
 PART 01 RLC circuit

Implementation conditions for RLC series resonance

① L、C unchanged, changes 𝝎， Make inductive impedance equal to

capacitive impedance—— 𝑿𝑳 = 𝑿𝑪
② The frequency 𝝎 unchanged, changing L or C (usually changing C)
to make the inductive reactance equal to the capacitive reactance -
𝑿𝑳 = 𝑿𝑪
 PART 01 RLC circuit

RLC series resonance characteristics

Impedance at series resonance

𝟐
𝟏
𝒁 = 𝑹𝟐 + 𝝎𝑳 −
𝝎𝑪

𝒁𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝒁𝟎 = 𝑹
Characteristic impedance
Current at series resonance 𝟏 𝑳
𝝆 = 𝝎𝟎 𝑳 = =
𝝎𝟎 𝑪 𝑪
𝑼𝒔 𝑼𝒔 Quality factor
𝑰𝟎 = = 𝑰𝟎 = 𝑰
𝒁𝟎 𝑹 𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝝆 𝝎𝟎 𝑳 𝟏 𝟏 𝑳
𝑸= = = =
𝑹 𝑹 𝝎𝟎 𝑹𝑪 𝑹 𝑪
 PART 01 RLC circuit

RLC series resonance characteristics

Voltage at series resonance

𝑼𝑹𝟎 = 𝑹𝑰𝟎 = 𝑼𝒔
𝝎𝟎 𝑳
𝑼𝑳𝟎 = 𝒋𝝎𝟎 𝑳𝑰𝟎 = 𝒋 𝑼 = 𝒋𝑸𝑼𝒔
𝑹 𝒔 U L0
𝟏 𝟏
𝑼𝑪𝟎 = 𝑰 = −𝒋 𝑼 = −𝒋𝑸𝑼𝒔
𝒋𝝎𝟎 𝑪 𝟎 𝝎𝟎 𝑹𝑪 𝒔
U R0  U S I 0

U C0
 PART 01 RLC circuit

RLC series resonance Frequency characteristic

𝟏
𝑯 𝒋𝝎 =
𝝎 𝝎𝟎 𝟐 Amplitude frequency characteristic
𝟏+ 𝑸𝟐 −
𝝎𝟎 𝝎

𝝎 𝝎𝟎 Phase frequency characteristics

𝝋 𝝎 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑸 −
𝝎𝟎 𝝎

𝑯 𝒋𝝎
𝝋 𝝎

𝑸=1

𝑸=10
𝑸=1
𝑸=100 𝑸=10
𝑸=100
 PART 01 RLC circuit

RLC series resonance Frequency characteristic

𝟏
𝑯 𝒋𝝎 =
𝟐
Bandwidth
𝝎 𝝎𝟎
𝟏 + 𝑸𝟐 −
𝝎𝟎 𝝎
=1

𝝎𝟎
H𝑯(j𝒋𝝎
) 𝑩𝑾 = ∆𝝎 = 𝝎𝒄𝟐 − 𝝎𝒄𝟏 = 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔
𝑸
Q 1 𝒇𝟎
𝑸=1 𝑩𝑾 = ∆𝒇 = 𝒇𝒄𝟐 − 𝒇𝒄𝟏 = 𝑯𝒛
0.707 𝑸
𝑸=10

C1 0 C 2 
Lower cut-off upper cut-off
frequency frequency
 PART 01 RLC circuit

RLC series resonance Frequency characteristic

The relationship between

bandwidth and quality factor
𝑯 𝒋𝝎

• The larger the Q, the sharper the 𝑸=1

0.707
resonance curve, the narrower the
bandwidth, and the better the 𝑸=10
selectivity .
• The smaller the Q, the flatter the C10C 2

resonance curve, the wider the 𝒇𝟎

bandwidth, and the worse the 𝑩𝑾 = ∆𝒇 = 𝒇𝒄𝟐 − 𝒇𝒄𝟏 = 𝑯𝒛
𝑸
selectivity.
RLC multisim simulation
 PART 02 RLC multisim simulation

① L、C不变，R=100Ω，品质因数𝑸 =?

𝟏 𝟏
𝟏𝟎𝟎Ω 10mH 𝝎𝟎 = = = 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔
𝑳𝑪 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 ∙ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
𝝎𝟎
𝒇𝟎 = = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑯𝒛
𝟐𝝅
𝝎𝟎 𝑳 𝟏𝟎𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝑸= = =𝟏
𝑹 𝟏𝟎𝟎

② L、C不变，R=1kΩ，品质因数𝑸 =?
𝟏 𝟏
𝝎𝟎 = = = 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔
𝑳𝑪 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 ∙ 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
𝟏𝒌Ω 10mH
𝝎𝟎
𝒇𝟎 = = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑯𝒛
𝟐𝝅
𝝎𝟎 𝑳 𝟏𝟎𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝑸= = = 𝟎. 𝟏
𝑹 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
 PART 02 RLC multisim simulation

𝑸=𝟏 𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟏

XBP1
XBP2
XMM2 XMM1 XMM3 XMM4
IN OUT
IN OUT

L1 C1 L2 C2

10mH 10mH V
1µF V 1µF PR2
V: -999 mV
PR1
V: -998 mV
V(p-p): 2.00 V V3 V(p-p): 2.00 V
V1
1Vpk V(rms): 707 mV
1Vpk R1 V(rms): 707 mV 1.59kHz R2
1.59kHz
100Ω V(dc): -69.1 uV 0° 1kΩ
V(dc): -67.4 uV
0° V(freq): 1.59 kHz V(freq): 1.59 kHz

𝑩𝑾 = ∆𝒇 = 𝒇𝒄𝟐 − 𝒇𝒄𝟏 𝑩𝑾 = ∆𝒇 = 𝒇𝒄𝟐 − 𝒇𝒄𝟏

𝟑 =16.078 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 − 𝟏𝟓𝟕. 𝟓𝟒𝟖 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟗𝟐𝟎𝐤𝐇𝐳
= 𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟗𝟖𝟑. 𝟒𝟗𝟗 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟗𝟐𝐤𝐇𝐳
 PART 02 RLC multisim simulation

𝒇𝒄𝟏 =983.499Hz 𝑸=𝟏 𝒇𝒄𝟐 =2.576kHz

𝑩𝑾 = ∆𝒇 = 𝒇𝒄𝟐 − 𝒇𝒄𝟏 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 − 𝟗𝟖𝟑. 𝟒𝟗𝟗 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟗𝟐𝐤𝐇𝐳

 PART 02 RLC multisim simulation

𝒇𝒄𝟏 =157.548Hz 𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒇𝒄𝟐 =16.078kHz

𝑩𝑾 = ∆𝒇 = 𝒇𝒄𝟐 − 𝒇𝒄𝟏 = 16.078 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 − 𝟏𝟓𝟕. 𝟓𝟒𝟖 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟗𝟐𝟎𝐤𝐇𝐳

PART 01 RL circuit

Questions
Table 1

Q 𝒇𝒄𝟏 𝒇𝒄𝟐 𝑩𝑾
Value of
resistance
𝟏𝟎𝟎Ω

𝟏𝒌Ω

 Measure the time constant τ and finish Table 1. Compare and explain.
RLC experimental content
 PART 03 RLC experimental content

1. Measure the resonant frequency 𝒇𝟎 :

Adjust the frequency of the signal source and

find the resonant frequency 𝒇𝟎 based on the in
phase of resonance voltage 𝑼𝑹 and the input
voltage 𝑼𝒔 .
Connect the oscilloscope CH2. When adjusting the
𝟏𝒌Ω 10mH
frequency of the signal generator, pay attention to
observing whether the two sine waves displayed on
the oscilloscope are in phase, and at the same time,
keep the oscilloscope reading 𝑼𝒔𝒑𝒑 = 𝟐𝑽. When both
conditions are met simultaneously, the frequency of
the signal generator is 𝒇𝟎 , and the effective value of
the voltage on the resistor is 𝑼𝑹𝟎 .
PART 03 RLC experimental content
PART 03 RLC experimental content

2. Measure half power point frequencies 𝒇𝒄𝟏and 𝒇𝒄𝟐:

 Reduce the signal source frequency (less than 𝒇𝟎 ), make the sine wave
reading of channel 2 displayed on the oscilloscope equal to 0.707 × 𝑼𝑹𝟎 ,
while maintaining the oscilloscope reading of 𝑼𝒔𝒑𝒑 = 𝟐𝑽. When both
conditions are met simultaneously, the frequency of the signal generator
is 𝒇𝒄𝟏.
 Raise the frequency of the signal source (greater than 𝒇𝟎 ), to make the
channel two sine wave reading displayed on the oscilloscope 0.707 ×
𝑼𝑹𝟎 , while maintaining the oscilloscope reading of 𝑼𝒔𝒑𝒑 = 𝟐𝑽. When
both conditions are met simultaneously, the frequency of the signal
generator is 𝒇𝒄𝟐.
PART 03 RLC experimental content

3. Measure the voltage 𝑼𝒄𝒐 of capacitor C during resonance

4. Measure the voltage 𝑼𝑳𝒐 of inductance L during resonance

Using AC voltage of the multimeter.

5. Verify the value of 𝑸:
Calculating the value of the𝑸.

𝑼𝒄𝟎 𝒇𝟎 𝝎𝟎 𝑳 𝟏 𝑳 𝑪
𝑸= = = = =
𝑼𝒊 𝒇𝟐 − 𝒇𝟏 𝑹 𝝎𝟎 𝑹𝑪 𝑹
PART 03 RLC experimental content

5. Measure and record the 𝑼𝑹𝒕 at each frequency in Table 2:

Change the frequency from 0.1kHz to 20kHz, use a multimeter to

measure and record the 𝑼𝑹𝒕 at each frequency, and calculate the
current 𝑰𝟎 .
To ensure the validity of the measurement data, readjust the output
voltage amplitude of the signal source every time the frequency of the
signal source is changed, so that the oscilloscope reading is 𝑼𝒔𝒑𝒑 = 𝟐𝑽.
f(kHz) 0.1 f1 fo f2 20

URt(V)

Io (mA)
 2 2 3
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汇报人：XXX 日期：20XX