S.Y.

S.Y. 2022 - 2023 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

2023| - 2024
(049)
DEVELOPMENT AND ACCEPTABILITY OF BANANA SAP(Musa
acuminate) AND CHALK DUST(Calcium carbonate) AS
ALTERNATIVE LIQUID ERASER

A Research Presented to the Faculty of Senior High

School Department of Looc Integrated School

Calamba City, Laguna

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Practical Research 2,

of Accountancy, Business and Management

GODALLE, ANGELICA V.

OLAYA, HAROLD B.

PALAD,SHANNE DEHRIZE T.

ZURBITO, DIANELLA S.

JANUARY 2024
 S.Y.
S.Y. 2022 - 2023 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
2023| - 2024
(049)
CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The motivation for this research originates from the necessity to

develop alternate liquid for the eraser. Commercial liquid eraser containing

chemicals are frequently utilizes in most schools and offices. However,there

are viable alternatives,such as banana sap and chalk dust, that can also be

good, liquid eraser. The goal of this study is to asses the effectiveness and

significance of employing banana saps and chalk dust as a liquid eraser.

Because of its natural origin, it has he potential to have a positive impact on

both health and the environment. Furthermore, it may be less expensive than

commercial liquid erasers.

By conducting experiments and tests, we want to establish the ability

of banana saps and chalk dust to be an alternative to traditional liquid

erasers. In this study,we will pay attention to the quality, and environmental

impact of these alternatives.The main component of correction fluid id

titanium dioxide that has a color index of pigment white, which give the

correction its white color. It also contains thinners such as trichloral ethylene,

trichloral ethane which keeps the fluidity of the liquid. However, according to

some research studies ,titanium dioxide,trichloral ethylene, and trichloral

ethane are known as carcinogenic

 S.Y.
S.Y. 2022 - 2023 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
2023| - 2024
(049)
Background

Writing has been around for as long as writing itself there's a need for

rectifying mistakes. While erasers function well for pencil marks, they did little

to fixed mistakes made with a fountain pen, type-writer or ball point pen. At

some point, it was realized that a mistake could be corrected using an ink that

was the same color as the paper. This led to the development of the first

correction fluids. Correction fluids were typically white inks. The products

didn't work very good because it doesn't match the color of paper well, it is

also took a long time to dry and were difficult to write over. Correction fluid,

also known as white-out, has been a staple in the stationery world for

decades. Used for correcting mistakes in written or typed documents,

correction fluid is popular among office workers, students, and anyone who

wants to make their work look neat and professional. The study is in line with

the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by United Nations. SDG

promote good health to people, development by addressing environmental,

social and economic issues. This study using banana sap and chalk dust as

an alternative compenents in making a correction fluid can contribute to SDGs

by reducing the negative effect of banana sap and chalk dust to people that

allergic to it.

One of the most obvious advantages of using correction fluid is that it

saves time and effort. Instead of having to re-type or re-write an entire

document because of one small mistake, you can simply apply a small

amount of correction fluid to the area and rewrite over it once it dries. This can

be especially helpful for students who need to submit a lot of assignments

within a short period of time. Using correction fluid can make your work look
 S.Y.
S.Y. 2022 - 2023 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
2023| - 2024
(049)
neat and professional, especially if you take the time to apply it properly.

Instead of having a document with scribbles or cross-outs, a correction fluid-

covered mistake will blend seamlessly with the rest of the writing, giving it a

polished and professional look. When you make a mistake, you may be

tempted to throw the entire piece of paper out and start over.

As an ABM Student, this study is relevant to our strand since it

emphasize the importance of banana sap and chalk dust as researchers will

make it as an alternative correction fluid as it is a waste and in terms of health

benefits. As a results, this study may help other researchers in the future.

Researcher’s study can be a help to others ABM Students for co-researchers

reference or a literature that related to researchers title.

Theoretical Framework

According to the theory of National Science Education,

"Creative leaps frequently result in new ideas and theories." All members of

the learning community must encourage and value diversity in experience,

ideas, and expression if they want students to comprehend this element of

science and be open to sharing their own thoughts. Teachers collaborate with

students to create a space where they feel comfortable sharing their thoughts.

The National Researcher Council (1996), p. 46. Sadly, a lot of teachers fall

short in creating this kind of environment, partly because they lack the tools

necessary to foster innovative thinking and partly because they fear

opposition from their pupils. Teachers frequently lament that their students

require a lot of time to try to develop their creative thinking.

 S.Y.
S.Y. 2022 - 2023 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
2023| - 2024
(049)
Teachers must involve their students in brainstorming, visualizing,

transferring, applying, and testing ideas in order to create a successful

creative environment. In the subsequent fluid corrective exercises. To improve

those processes, I provide some tools for creative thinking. The students start

by looking into the characteristics of the primary material being studied, which

is correction fluid. They will be able to familiarize themselves with the situation

through these first inquiries. Later on, after making their observations,

students will be prepared to begin thinking creatively. Students' creativity will

be fostered to the greatest extent that they are allowed to integrate their

observations, prior knowledge, and ordinary occurrences. Students in grades

9 through 11 should participate in these activities.

Conceptual Framework

Figure: 1 Research Paradigm

The figure above discussed about input includes materials sled in the

study for making chalk dust and banana sap as alternative liquid eraser. The

process showed in the procedure in making chalk dust and banana sap as

alternative liquid eraser. The first step Conduct comparison experiments

between the conventional liquid eraser and the liquid eraser containing chalk

dust and banana sap. The second step Analyze the texture, ease of

application, erasing effectiveness, and other pertinent aspects. The third step

To test the erasing performance and compare it with a normal liquid eraser,

undertake both qualitative and quantitative study. Output is about

characteristic of chalk dust and banana sap as alternative liquid eraser.

 S.Y.
S.Y. 2022 - 2023 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
2023| - 2024
(049)
Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

The main The making of the product Level of acceptability

Components involve the implementation of Banana sap and

Used in making of the following series of Chalk dust as

Banana sap steps, considering the correction fluid.

and Chalk dust level of development and 1. Summary

as Correction acceptability of banana sap 2. Conclusion

Fluid Includes: and chalk dust as 3. Recommendations

 Banana sap correction liquid.

 Chalk dust 1.Preparation of the product

 Liquid eraser 2.Product sampling

Container 3.Product rating

4. Statistical Analysis and

Interpretation

FEEDBACK
 S.Y.
S.Y. 2022 - 2023 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
2023| - 2024
(049)
Statement of the problem

The researchers hope to find out how effective and practical chalk dust

and banana sap are as an alternative correction fluid in this investigation.

1. What is the most appropriate treatment of banana sap and chalk dust as

an alternative correction fluid in terms of writing property?

2. What is the level of acceptabilityof the different treatment of banana sap

and chalk dust as an correction fluid?

3. Is there a significant relationshipbetween the most appropriate treatment

and the most accepted treatment of banana sap and chalk dust as correction

fluid?

Hypothesis

Ha: Chalk dust and banana sap will be an effective and practical substitute for

normal correction fluid.

Ho: Chalk dust and banana sap will not be an effective or feasible substitute

for regular correction fluid.

 S.Y.
S.Y. 2022 - 2023 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
2023| - 2024
(049)
Significance of the Study

Students - Time and labor savings are among the most evident benefits of

utilizing correction fluid. One little mistake can be easily fixed by applying a

small amount of correction fluid to the affected area and rewriting over it after

it dries, saving you the trouble of having to retype or rewrite a whole

document. Students who have a lot of assignments due in a short amount of

time may find this to be of particular use.

Society - The findings of this study may provide opportunities for members

of society. Society can create and sell this fluid eraser as a source of cash.

Artists - Artists who use erasers in their creations can benefit from this more

natural ingredient. The idea of exploring more sustainable materials in artist’s

art can be appealing.

Consumers - liquid eraser made from banana sap and chalk dust is non -

toxic, safe to use, affordable and eco-friendly. Consumers can save money

and do not need to buy an expensive fluid eraser. Health friendly because

there are no toxic chemicals added.

Teachers - People might be tempted to start over and throw out the entire

piece of paper when made a mistake. This can be time-consuming and

frustrating in addition to wasting paper. Error correction fluid saves time and

paper by removing the need to restart, making person a greener person.

 S.Y.
S.Y. 2022 - 2023 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
2023| - 2024
(049)
Entrepreneur - The study opens avenues for entrepreneurial opportunities by

showcasing the viability of creating products form banana sap and chalk dust.

entrepreneurs can explore the potential market for such products, promoting

sustainability and Innovation in the community.

Environment - The transformation of banana sap and chalk dust into a

product reduces pollution by preventing them from being discarded as waste.

Agriculture Industry - The production of banana sap as part of this product

could have a positive impact on the agriculture sector by promoting alternative

uses for sap from bananas.

To Future Researchers - The findings of this study may be utilized as the

foundation for subsequent studies on the topic.

Scope and Delimitations

This study main focuses on testing the Effectiveness of banana sap and

chalk dust as the main ingredient of correction fluid. This research is

conducted to produce an alternative correction fluid of banana sap and chalk

dust. The researchers testing the effectiveness of the experimental product as

the main product in terms of visibility, colour, odor and allotted time to dry.The

study will be conducted in Looc Integrated School. Banana sap and Chalk

dust will be gather in Baranggay Looc, Calamba. For the visibility, colour, odor

and allotted time to dry the researchers will conduct a survey and will use the

students and teachers of Looc Integrated School in order to know the level of

acceptability.
 S.Y.
S.Y. 2022 - 2023 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
2023| - 2024
(049)
Definition of Terms
Banana sap - The fluid or liquid substance found within the tissues of a

banana plant is known as banana sap.

Chalk dust - a soft sedimentary rock, is used on a blackboard or similar

surface, small particles or powder are produced.

Fluid Eraser - fluid eraser is customs blended to remove difficult stain of all

sort, in this study, this is the product that the researchers produced out of the

gathered banana sap and chalk dust.

 S.Y.
S.Y. 2022 - 2023 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
2023| - 2024
(049)
CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LIERATURE AND STUDIES

PROCESS (FOREIGN)

The manufacturing process can be broken down into two steps. First,

the batch of correction fluid is made and then it is fill into its packaging. The

following description details the production of an aqueous based correction

fluid. Other types are made in similar manner. Correction fluid is made in

large, stainless steel tanks using a three-phase process. In the first phase,

water and suspending agents are added to the tank and mixed at a low shear

rate. In the second phase, a pigment dispersion is created and added to the

main batch. In the final phase, the resin and additional ingredients are added.

After the batch is complete, it is tested for quality control and then pumped to

a holding tank. The filling process begins with empty containers, which are

filled with the exact amount of product and then capped and labeled. The

bottles are then packaged and shipped to wholesalers and retailers.

FOREIGN

Banana sap is currently designated as a waste subsequent to

utilization of pseudo stem in pulp and paper industry as well as other

applications which is contributing to the environmental pollution. The

antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of banana sap and its

crude extracts were assessed in the current investigation. Using an in vitro

micro broth dilution experiment, the antibacterial ability of both oxidized and

unoxidized banana sap was evaluated against a microbiological test panel

that included gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as Candida
 S.Y.
S.Y. 2022 - 2023 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
2023| - 2024
(049)
albicans. A reduced minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 15.625 to 62.5

mg/mL demonstrated the unoxidized banana sap's substantially stronger

antibacterial activity. DPPH method's dichloromethane (DCM) extract of

banana sap's in vitro radical scavenging activity. Gupta, G., Saxena, S.,

Baranwal, M. et al. In vitro evaluation of bioactive properties of banana

sap. Biologia 77, 2989–3000 (2022).

Using a qualitative and quantitative experimental research approach,

this work demonstrated the biological profile of banana cultivars and the

potential of their pseudostem sap as a substitute electrolyte for wet cell. To

acquire data, banana sap was collected, placed in a 12-volt wet cell battery,

and inspected at various intervals. The following approaches were used to

discover significant differences between potential voltage and time interval:

mean, ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, LSD, and pairwise comparison.

Bulkan, Dippig, and Tordan are descended from Musa Acuminata x Musa

balbisiana, whereas Bungulan, Lakatan, and Morado originate from Musa

Acuminata. However, each cultivar belongs to a different group, such as the

AABB, the Cavendish subgroup of the AAA, the AA, the AAA, the ABB, and so

on. Jordan C. Ursua, Jr., & Arlene L. Tabaquero. (2023). BIOLOGICAL

PROFILE OF LOCALLY GROWN BANANA CULTIVARS AND THE

CAPABILITY OF THEIR PSEUDOSTEM SAP AS AN ALTERNATIVE

ELECTROLYTE FOR WET CELL. International Journal of Earth &

Environmental Sciences (IJEES), 8(1), 9–27.

 S.Y.
S.Y. 2022 - 2023 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
2023| - 2024
(049)
LOCAL
In order to provide society a tool that it may utilize in an emergency, the

researcher created chalk dust as a component of an alternate fire

extinguishing solution. The features and degree of efficacy of the fire

extinguisher were examined in order to identify the class of fire that it is

suitable for. However, home-use fire extinguishers are not made to put out

large or spreading fires. Using chalk as an alternative component will not only

fight fire but also encourage the creation of new approaches to handling it. It

can draw attention from officials to the fact that chalk is not just a common

mineral that can be used in classrooms but also a discovery that will

guarantee safety and readiness. Dlsud Chalk Dust Imrad (2021)

 S.Y.
S.Y. 2022 - 2023 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
2023| - 2024
(049)