ELECTRIC TOY CAR PROJECT

A Research Report

Presented to the

Faculty of Senior High School Department

Philippine College of Science and Technology

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject/Course

RESEARCH PROJECT
(STEM)

By:

CLINT VINCENT MARARAC

JOHN VINCENT PETCHAY
IVAN GABRIEL PERALTA
ZJAYMIRA DLEI MALIT
REY MARK ORLANDA
MARC PETER RECTO
BERNADETH NIBOT
ERIKA KIM PEREZ

July, 2022
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The growth in electric vehicles has been profound. The amount of electric vehicle

on the road has increased from negligible in 2012, to approximately 1 million in 2016,

and by the end of 2020, there were as many as 10 million electric cars on the world’s

roads as to Joseph Simpson and Wesley van Barlingen’s (2021) study. As the

advancement of technological field in battery increases, the emergence of

introduction of more advanced electric vehicles arise, though electric vehicles have been

around since mid-1800s before combustion engine vehicles. The technological

advancement of electric vehicles and the increasing demand for electric vehicles are great

opportunities to re-introduce electric vehicle to the world as new form of transportation,

and maybe a new replacement for internal combustion engine (ECE) vehicles.

Conversions of electric cars and hybrids increase more than ever (Leitman, 2009). EV’s

are a necessity for the energy transition in a zero-carbon energy future. In order to

achieve global targets and mandates, it is imperative for current business models to

change and adapt. An executive director from California, Josh Boone stated that they are

looking at how we come up to clean and decarbonize the manufacturing process of

electric cars. It is clear that overall air quality benefits cannot be achieved unless

electricity used for charging these vehicles is generated by clean renewable energy
resources.

According to Ashrafee, Morsalin, and Rezwan (2014), running a model car or toy

car which is a miniature representation of an automobile, electric power is needed to run

the car. As there lays shortage of electric power in Southeast Asian country, it has to

become a vital issue to initiate the use of renewable energy in developing countries like

Bangladesh for reducing the demand of electricity. Electric vehicles have made rapid

development in several cities, with the continuous, orderly, and scientific support of

relevant national policy and research. Electric power will be the first choice for urban

energy, Leilei Zhang, Wenxia Liu, and Zongqi Liu (2014). It is so significant to decide

the future large-scale EV’s adapting plug-in or battery replacement charging mode.

Local and state governments, especially transportation and energy offices have a

critical role in building a policy environment conducive to PEV adaption. This includes

both demand-side incentives, such as tax rebates and HOV lanes, as well as supply-side

incentives like, accelerating the permitting of charging stations. Local and state

governments are often constrained by budget and staff limitations, so cooperation with

stakeholders are crucial. Also, since government is also the primary regulatory body, they

are often tasked with fairly distributing the benefits and costs of public projects between

public and private parties. In the study from The Electric Vehicle Association of the

Philippines (EVAP), they intend to create a national electric vehicle development

program for the automotive sector. The Philippine government has been encouraging the

use of electric vehicles across the country, particularly as a mode of public transportation,

as one of its key thrusts. Executive Order 488 (s. 2006) was established to encourage the

development of electric vehicles and to minimize the country’s reliance on fossil fuels.

The tariff rate for e-vehicle components was decreased to zero as a result of the issuance,

allowing e-vehicle producers to import components at a lower cost.

The purpose of this study is to research, design, and analyze methodology based

on prototyping electric toy car. Like any transformative new technology, electric vehicles

create a variety of potent economic development and opportunities. It is poised to reshape

industries and communities while electric vehicles are still at a relatively early stage of

development. Increasingly, there are more technological elements that are being

introduced on the vehicles towards the improvement for safety. And since automotive

industries has become one of the most important world-wide industries, not only at

economic level, but also in terms of research and development. Prototyping is one of the

ways to reduce design errors and eliminate the failure factors in the initial design phase.

According to ISO 15686, performance means “quality criteria for key characteristics at a

certain point in time. Thus, this inspired researchers in this study, to create new

idealization of electric vehicles that is climate responsive and way cheaper than

combustion-engine vehicles.
Rationale

Electric cars are beneficial and environment friendly in ways that it reduces air

pollution and noise pollution. As seen from the previous pages, electric power is needed

to charge and run the car. But at some point, there lays shortage of electric power in

Asian countries. Carbon-based emissions and greenhouse gases are critical issues that

policy-makers have sought to address globally. The fact that electric cars don’t need any

petrol or diesel to run is an advantage for it is eco-friendly. Instead, it just needs charging

station where the vehicle can be plugged, charge, and ready to go. However, one major

challenge for having electric vehicle that is hindering its adaption is the lack of sufficient

numbers of charging stations.

Therefore, project developers came into a plan to model an electric toy car with

two power sources. One source from renewable energy through solar panel, and one from

charging ports. The usage of renewable energy source will make the car climate

responsive, and charging stations will be its energy source whenever the skies are dim

and the sun’s power is not sufficient to charge the car battery.

Solar paneled car has never been bad choice, simply because getting free energy

from sun to power an electric car is better than having to buy expensive gas to fuel up

combustion car engines. If this type of model is adapted, it might help the world to fight

climate change concerns and fossil fuel vehicular emissions. As to Sneha Shah (2018)

claimed, that it is cheaper, no gas cost, environment-friendly, more convenient, and more
efficient. It helps with the global transportation problems.

Statement of the Objectives

Based on the previous background of the study and rationale, this study aimed to

emphasize the unique features and the barriers in the production of the electric car to

develop a brochure showing how the prototype electric car is made.

Specifically, the objective of this study is to attain the following.

1. To develop a prototype car.

2. To emphasize the unique features of the prototype electric car.

3. To determine the barriers in the production of the prototype electric car.

4. To develop a brochure showing how the prototype electric car is made.

 CHAPTER II
PLANNING PROCESS

Based on the Asian studies from the previous pages, electric power and lack of

sufficient charging stations are the major problems that hinder the adaption of electric

cars. The researchers’ plan for this problem is to create an alternative power source of the

electric car other than its charging port, to charge its batteries. The developers plan to use

solar power as energy to charge the battery. Charging port is still adapted to have a back-

up charger whenever the skies are dim and the solar panel could not get sufficient energy

to charge the batteries. And that will be the highlight or the unique feature of this model.

In order to make the plan successful, we need to build a prototype or toy car as a

sample of the model. The researchers used recycled materials from an old remote control

toy car in order to spend less money. They also adapted DC motor to be used in the

model because it is the most basic type of motor it will make the building process easier.

Adding to that, the battery used is not just a normal battery, but a rechargeable battery.

Since the researchers plan to make it solar charged, DC-DC power supply module is also

needed to direct the current to the battery. Therefore, the developer must also be familiar

with positive and negative wiring in order to make the toy car function, because it will be

hard for them to build the model when they don’t have knowledge regarding power

sources. Considering everything, evaluation of the model is exceedingly needed to see

and figure out things that must be enhanced and what need to be fixed.
 As the fuel prices rise, a push for greener initiatives led many manufacturing

corporations to adapt electric vehicles. Fuel efficiency is one way efficient and helpful for

the community or household. With the use of rechargeable batteries, it is also a way that

will help households to save their money. Also the highlight of the model, the solar

power charging will also help in saving electricity in charging their electric vehicles. It

will also be environment friendly because it will contribute fewer carbon emissions. In

the previous studies, some countries primarily use fossil fuels to power or to fuel up their

cars, which is very harmful for the environment. Considering our present situation where

global warming is an excessive problem, innovating ways to reduce carbon emissions

will be a big help. Thus, adapting electric vehicles will benefit the user, and the whole

community.
 GANTT CHART

Outputs to be submitted 2022

March April May June July
1. Brainstorming 5
5
2. Formulation of Statement of the 25
Objectives

6
3. Background of the Study
4. Submission of Planning Process
5. Materials, Tools and Equipment 13
(listing down and their importance)
11
6. Project Development Process

7. Evaluation Analysis

8. Conclusion 23

9. References

10. Appendices
22
11. VIRTUAL RESEACH 4-5
DEFENSE
4-5
12. Finalization of Output in hard 25-28
bound

Prepared by: Clint Mararac, John Petchay, Ivan Peralta, Zjaymira Malit, Reymark Orlanda, Marc
Recto, Bernadeth Nibot, Erika Perez
(Researchers)

Noted by: Dr. Cristina L. Tagura

(Research Director)
 CHAPTER III
MATERIALS, TOOLS, AND EQUIPMENTS

To start the process as planned, the researchers used these specific and necessary

materials, tools, and equipments to be able to make the process successful. Specifically,

the researchers used the following:

 DC MOTOR

-this motor device has direct current to convert electrical

energy into mechanical rotation. The Magnetic fields generated

by electrical currents are used in DC motors to power the

movement of the rotor fixed within the output shaft.

 RECHARGEABLE BATTERY

- This type of battery is the one necessary for this project

because it is rechargeable. It is used to provide base load

power in the electric motors without having a constant

replacement after using.

 REMOTE CONTROL MODULE

- Remote Control Module aims to operate the car from a

distance. This device has a radio transmitter in which

responsible to convey a specific frequency to the receiver.

  DC-DC POWER SUPPLY MODULE

-DC-DC power supplies works to plug in electrical

devices into car outlets or any similar sources that supply a

direct current power. This will convert the energy taken from

the solar panel and direct it to

charge the battery.

 SOLAR PANEL

-The purpose of Solar Panel is to store solar energy in

batteries by converting sunlight as a source of electricity.

Installing a Solar Panel promotes a sustainable and

environmental friendly.

 SOLDERING IRON AND LEAD

-This is the one in charge of joining electrical

components and connecting pieces of metals together.

Soldering serves to be supporting and holding an electrical

assembly.

 DOUBLE SIDED TAPE

-This will be used to attach some parts of the car.

  SCREWS AND SCREW DRIVERS

- Tool that is used to fasten objects.

 RECYCLED MATERIALS FROM OLD TOY CAR AND CRAFTS

- Specifically, the researchers used the wheels from an

old toy car and a thin plywood that serves as the body

of the car. You can also use cardbaord, depending on

what you prefer to use.

Procedures and Process

To completely show the process of building the project, the researchers carefully

assembled the materials used. This is how the procedure went.

 Prepare all the necessary tools

 Attach the DC motor into the base of the car - make sure that the motor has a

support to make it stable because it will be the one who makes the wheels move.

 Attach the battery pack and control module – using the double-sided tape and

screw, attach the battery pack and control module beside the DC motor.

 Insert the wheels – attach the gears first before putting the wheels, it must be

parallel o the gear of the DC motor as well, and then insert it at the bottom of the

car base.
  Proceed to wiring – make sure to properly check the positive and negative wires.

If not connected properly, the car won’t accelerate.

 Assemble the remote control - get another battery pack and attach it to the

remote control module

 Solder the wires - fix and solder the wires for safety and to make your car neat.

 Insert the batteries – the final step before drive testing.

 Drive testing

 Note your findinngs

It is of the utmost importance that the toy car is assembled properly to ensure its

safety. This is why knowledge and familiarity of proper wirings and proper using of the

tools is so essential to the assembly line process. Even the process becomes more and

more technical, the researchers are required to evaluate the accuracy and the safety impact.

This will lead the researchers into success of this study.

 REFERENCES

Ashrafee, Morsalin, and Rezwan (2014) – Design and Fabrication of a solar powered toy

car. Retrieved from:

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0&2C5&q=electric+toy+car+japan

EVAP – Securing the Future of Philippine Industries. Retrieved from:

https://industry.gov.ph/industry/e-vehicles/

Joseph Simpson and Wesley van Barlingen’s (2021) – history of electric cars. Retrieved

from: https://blog.evbox.com/electric-cars-history?hs amp=true

Josh Boone (2016) – Decarbonized and clean manufacturing process of electric cars.

Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/electric-vehicles

Leitman, (2009) – Conversion of electric cars. Retrieved from:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224585929_Recent_development_on_electric_

vehicles

Leilei Zhang, Wenxia Liu, and Zongqi Liu (2014) – Research activities on electric

vehicle development. Retrieved from: https://ieeexplre.ieee.org/abstract/document

Sneha Shah (2018) – Advantages and Disadvantages of Electric Vehicles. Retrieved

from: https://www.greenworldinvestor.com/2018/02/26/advantages-and-disadvantages