The document describes a two-step process to detect tampered student grades by comparing student records to grade thresholds. It involves:
1. Reading grade thresholds from a CSV file and storing them in a data structure.
2. Iterating through student CSV files, extracting grades, and comparing to thresholds to find mismatches, which are written to a new CSV file.
The process is implemented in Python code commented in six steps: reading thresholds, iterating files, extracting data, comparing grades, recording mismatches, and writing results. Sample input/output files are provided to demonstrate the code works as intended.
The document describes a two-step process to detect tampered student grades by comparing student records to grade thresholds. It involves:
1. Reading grade thresholds from a CSV file and storing them in a data structure.
2. Iterating through student CSV files, extracting grades, and comparing to thresholds to find mismatches, which are written to a new CSV file.
The process is implemented in Python code commented in six steps: reading thresholds, iterating files, extracting data, comparing grades, recording mismatches, and writing results. Sample input/output files are provided to demonstrate the code works as intended.
The document describes a two-step process to detect tampered student grades by comparing student records to grade thresholds. It involves:
1. Reading grade thresholds from a CSV file and storing them in a data structure.
2. Iterating through student CSV files, extracting grades, and comparing to thresholds to find mismatches, which are written to a new CSV file.
The process is implemented in Python code commented in six steps: reading thresholds, iterating files, extracting data, comparing grades, recording mismatches, and writing results. Sample input/output files are provided to demonstrate the code works as intended.
The document describes a two-step process to detect tampered student grades by comparing student records to grade thresholds. It involves:
1. Reading grade thresholds from a CSV file and storing them in a data structure.
2. Iterating through student CSV files, extracting grades, and comparing to thresholds to find mismatches, which are written to a new CSV file.
The process is implemented in Python code commented in six steps: reading thresholds, iterating files, extracting data, comparing grades, recording mismatches, and writing results. Sample input/output files are provided to demonstrate the code works as intended.
o Step 1 To solve this problem, we need to compare the grades in the student records with the grades defined in the "grades.csv" file. We can follow these steps: 1. Read the "grades.csv" file and store the grade ranges and corresponding grades in a data structure, such as a dictionary or a list of tuples. 2. Iterate over the files in the students' directory. 3. For each student file, read the CSV file and extract the subject, marks, and grades for each record. 4. Compare each grade in the student record with the corresponding grade range from the "grades.csv" file. 5. If the grade in the student record is different from the expected grade based on the grade range, record the tampered grade, actual grade, subject, and student ID. 6. Write the tampered records to a new CSV file. o Step 2 Here is the implementation in Python: import os import csv
# Step 1: Read "grades.csv" and store grade ranges and grades
grades = [] with open("Grades/grades.csv") as grades_file: reader = csv.reader(grades_file) next(reader) # Skip header for row in reader: marks_range = row[0] grade = row[1] grades.append((marks_range, grade))
# Step 2: Iterate over student files
tampered_records = [] for filename in os.listdir("Students"): if filename.endswith(".csv"): student_id = filename.split(".")[0] file_path = os.path.join("Students", filename) # Step 3: Read student file with open(file_path) as student_file: reader = csv.reader(student_file) next(reader) # Skip header for row in reader: subject = row[0] marks = int(row[1]) grade = row[2]
# Step 4: Compare grades
for marks_range, expected_grade in grades: min_marks, max_marks = map(int, marks_range.split("-")) if min_marks <= marks <= max_marks and grade != expected_grade: # Step 5: Record tampered grade and actual grade tampered_records.append((student_id, subject, grade, expected_grade)) break # No need to check other ranges
# Step 6: Write tampered records to a new CSV file
with open("TamperedRecords.csv", "w", newline="") as output_file: writer = csv.writer(output_file) writer.writerow(["ID", "Subject", "Tampered Grade", "Actual Grade"]) writer.writerows(tampered_records)
Explanation:
Step 1: Reading "grades.csv" and storing grade ranges and grades
- The code opens the "grades.csv" file using `open()` and creates a CSV reader object using `csv.reader()`. - It skips the header row of the CSV file using `next(reader)`. - It iterates over each row in the CSV file and extracts the marks range and grade. - The marks range and grade are stored as a tuple in the `grades` list. Step 2: Iterating over student files - The code uses `os.listdir()` to get a list of files in the "Students" directory. - It checks if each file has a ".csv" extension using `filename.endswith(".csv")`. - If a file is a CSV file, it extracts the student ID from the filename and creates the file path using `os.path.join()`. Step 3: Reading student file - The code opens the student file using `open()` and creates a CSV reader object. - It skips the header row of the CSV file using `next(reader)`. Step 4: Comparing grades - For each row in the student file, the code extracts the subject, marks, and grade. - It then iterates over the grade ranges stored in the `grades` list. Step 5: Recording tampered grades - For each grade range, the code compares the marks with the range boundaries and checks if the grade is different from the expected grade based on the range. - If a tampered grade is found, the code adds the student ID, subject, tampered grade, and expected grade to the `tampered_records` list. - It then breaks out of the inner loop since there is no need to check other ranges. Step 6: Writing tampered records to a new CSV file - The code opens a new file named "TamperedRecords.csv" using `open()` in write mode. - It creates a CSV writer object using `csv.writer()`. - It writes the header row to the CSV file using `writer.writerow()`. - Finally, it writes the tampered records to the CSV file using `writer.writerows()`.
This code assumes that the "Grades" directory and the "Students" directory are in the same directory as the script. It also assumes that the output CSV file will be named "TamperedRecords.csv" and will be created in the same directory as the script. You can run this code with the provided input files to obtain the desired output. o Answer Sample run:
After running the code, the "TamperedRecords.csv" file will be created with the following contents:
ID,Subject,Tampered Grade,Actual Grade
student1,English,F,D student2,Science,F,D
This indicates that for student1, the grade for the subject "English" was tampered from "F" to "D" based on the actual grade range. Similarly, for student2, the grade for the subject "Science" was tampered from "F" to "D" based on the actual grade range. Please note that the sample run assumes that the code is executed with the provided input files in the appropriate directory structure.
