type of plain text file that uses specific structuring to arrange tabulardata. • It can contain only actual text data—in other words, printable ASCII or Unicode characters. • A CSV file stores tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text. CSV FILE CSV is a simple file format used to store tabular data, such as a spreadsheet or database. Files in the CSV format can be imported to and exported from programs that store data in tables, such as Microsoft Excel or OpenOffice Calc. CSV stands for "comma-separated values“. A comma-separated values file is a delimited text file that uses a comma to separate values. Each line of the file is a data record. Each record consists of one or more fields, separated by commas. The use of the comma as a field separator is the source of the name for this file format Each line in a file is known as data/record. Each record consists of one or more fields, separated by commas (also known as delimiters), i.e., each of the records is also a part of this file. Tabular data is stored as text in a CSV file. The use of comma as a field separator is the source of the name for this file format. It stores our data into a spreadsheet or a database.
CSV files are commonly used because they are easy to read and manage, small in size, and fast to process/transfer. Because of these salient features, they are frequently used in software applications, ranging anywhere from online e-commerce stores to mobile apps to desktop tools. For example, Magento, an e-commerce platform, is known for its support of CSV. Thus, in a nutshell, the several advantages that are offered by CSV files are as follows: • CSV is faster to handle. • CSV is smaller in size. • CSV is easy to generate and import onto a spreadsheet or database. • CSV is human readable and easy to edit manually. • CSV is simple to implement and parse. • CSV is processed by almost all existing applications. Format of a CSV file :
column name 1, column name 2, column name 3
first row data 1, first row data 2, first row data 3 second row data 1, second row data 2, second row data 3 • In general, the separator character is called a delimiter, and the comma is not the only one used. Other popular delimiters include the tab (\t), colon (:) and semi-colon (;) characters. • CSV files are normally created by programs that handle large amounts of data. They are a convenient way to export data from spreadsheets and databases as well as import or use it in other programs. CSV file handling in Python ❑ To perform read and write operation with CSV file, we must import csv module. ❑ open() function is used to open file, and return file object. Writing date in CSV file Python provides an in-built module called csv to work with CSV files.
There are various classes provided by this
module for writing to CSV:
•Using csv.writer class
•Using csv.DictWriter class
Writing date in CSV file import csv module Use open() to open CSV file by specifying mode “w” or “a”, it will return file object. “w” will overwrite previous content “a” will add content to the end of previous content. Pass the file object to writer object with delimiter. Then use writerow() to send data in CSV file WRITING ON TO THE CSV FILE Using csv.writer class
➢ csv.writer class is used to insert data to the CSV file.
➢ This class returns a writer object which is responsible
for converting the user’s data into a delimited string.
➢ A csvfile object should be opened with newline=‘ ‘
otherwise newline characters inside the quoted fields will not be interpreted correctly. WRITING ON TO THE CSV FILE • Syntax: writerobject=csv.writer(csvfile,delimiter) • Parameters: ➢ csvfile can be any object with a write() method. If csvfile is a file object, it should be opened with newline=‘ ‘
➢ Delimiter to be given as delimiter=‘,’
csv.writer class provides two methodsfor writing to CSV.
They are writerow() and writerows(). WRITING ON TO THE CSV FILE • writerow(): This method writes a single rowat a time. Field row can be written using this method. Syntax: writerobject.writerow(fields) • writerows(): This method is used to write multiple rows at a time. This can beused to write rows list. Syntax: writerobject. writerows(rows) Example : Writing data to CSV file
myfile.csv BEFORE EXECUTION
myfile.csv OUTPUT AFTER EXECUTION EXAMPLE PROGRAM TO WRITE ON TO THE CSV FILE
import csv fields=['Rno','Name','Avg'] rows=[ ['1', 'Abhishek' , '98'], Content of Student.csv ['2', 'Anand', '99'], Rno,Name,Avg ['3', 'Ravi', '88']] 1,Abhishek,98 with open("Student.csv","w") as fout: csvwriter=csv.writer(fout) 2,Anand,99 csvwriter.writerow(fields) 3,Ravi,88 print("Column headings written") csvwriter.writerows(rows) EXAMPLE PROGRAM FOR WRITING ON TO THE FILE EXAMPLE PROGRAM FOR WRITING ON TO THE FILE
Contents of “marks.csv” created:
Reading from CSV file • import csv module • Use open() to open csv file, it will return file object. • Pass this file object to reader object. • Perform operation you want • There are various classes provided by this module for reading toCSV: • Using csv.readerclass • Using csv.Dictreaderclass • This class’s method csv.reader() returns a reader object which can be iterated over to retrieve the lines of CSV file. • The data is read as a list of strings. SYNTAX OF THE FUNCTION CSV.READER() • csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter) • Parameters: csvfile: A file object for the CSV file. Delimiter: The delimeter is to be given as delimiter=‘,’ Example : Reading from CSV File
myfile.csv Example : Counting number of records
myfile.csv Example : Sum of Salary and counting employee getting more than 70000 Example : Sum of Salary and counting employee getting more than 70000
myfile.csv CHANGING THE DELIMITER def readstudent(): with open("Student.csv") as fin: reader=csv.reader(fin, delimiter='/') for row in reader: print(row) readstudent()
Content of Student.csv OUTPUT:
'Rno','Name','Avg' ["'Rno','Name','Avg'"] 1/Abhishek/98 ['1', 'Abhishek', '98'] 2/Anand/98 ['2', 'Anand', '98'] 3/AAAA/88 ['3', 'AAAA','88'] WRITING DICTIONARY ON TO THE CSV FILE • Using csv.DictWriter class • This class returns a writer object which maps dictionaries onto output rows. • Syntax: csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames, restval=”, extrasaction=’raise’, dialect=’excel’) Parameters: csvfile: A file object with write() method. fieldnames: A sequence of keys that identify the order in which values in the dictionary should be passed. restval (optional): Specifies the value to be written if the dictionary is missing a key in fieldnames. extrasaction (optional): If a key not found in fieldnames, the optional extrasaction parameter indicates what action to take. If it is set to raise a ValueError will be raised. dialect (optional): Name of the dialect to be used. WRITING DICTIONARY ON TO THE CSV FILE
• csv.DictWriter provides two methods for writing to
CSV. They are: • writeheader(): writeheader() method simply writes the first row of your csv file using the pre-specified fieldnames. Syntax: • writeheader(FIELD NAMES) • writerows(): writerows method simply writes all the rows but in each row, it writes only the values(not keys). Syntax: • writerows(mydict) EXAMPLE PROGRAM FOR WRITING ON TO THE FILE # importing the csv module import csv # my data rows as dictionary objects mydict =[{'branch': 'COE', 'cgpa': '9.0', 'name': 'Nikhil', 'year': '2'}, {'branch': 'COE', 'cgpa': '9.1', 'name': 'Sanchit', 'year': '2'}, {'branch': 'IT', 'cgpa': '9.3', 'name': 'Aditya', 'year': '2'}, {'branch': 'SE', 'cgpa': '9.5', 'name': 'Sagar', 'year': '1'}, Content of {'branch': 'MCE', 'cgpa': '7.8', 'name': 'Prateek', 'year': '3'}, university_records1.csv {'branch': 'EP', 'cgpa': '9.1', 'name': 'Sahil', 'year': '2'}] name,branch,year,cgpa # field names Nikhil,COE,2,9.0 fields = ['name', 'branch', 'year', 'cgpa'] # name of csv file Sanchit,COE,2,9.1 filename = "university_records1.csv" Aditya,IT,2,9.3 # writing to csv file Sagar,SE,1,9.5 with open(filename, 'w') as csvfile: Prateek,MCE,3,7.8 # creating a csv dict writer object Sahil,EP,2,9.1 writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames = fields) # writing headers (field names) writer.writeheader() # writing data rows writer.writerows(mydict) USING DictReader class • Assume that the file named countries.csv has the content – country, capital France, Paris Italy, Rome Spain, Madrid Russia, Moscow India, New Delhi READING FROM A CSV FILE USING DICTREADER CLASS with open('countries.csv') as fin: reader=csv.DictReader(fin) for row in reader: print(row['country'])
OUTPUT: France Italy Spain Russia India EXAMPLE PROGRAM USING DICTREADER • Write a python program to read from the file emp.csv and display the name of the employees whose salary >50000
with open("emp.csv“,newline=‘ ‘) as fin: Content of emp.csv :
Eno,Ename,Salary reader=csv.DictReader(fin) 1, ABC, 40000 for row in reader: 2, XYZ, 60000 3, LMN, 95000 if(int(row['Salary'])>60000): print(row['Ename']) Output : LMN
