Sri Lanka: The JVP and The Executive Presidency

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org f,dal iudcjd§ fjí wvúh

y;r jk cd;Hka;rfha cd;Hka;r lñgqfõ m%ldYkh
Y%S ,xldj( cúfm iy úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh

Sri Lanka: The JVP and the executive presidency
fla' r;akdhl úisks

2009 Tlaf;dan¾ 10
Y%S ,dxlsl úreoaO mlaIhla jk ck;d úuqla;s oejeka; /|jqï l|jqrej, .d,a lrkakg wdkavqj
fmruqk ^cúfm&" rfÜ úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh .;a mshjrg o cúfm iydh fohs'
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= õ § cúfm yÈisfhka u úOdhl ckdêm;s
ue;sjrkh we;=¨" ish kd kd m%ldr Woaf>daIkj, l%uh wfydais lsÍug n, lrñka ksfõok ksl=;a
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lr f.k we;' lsisfjl= cúfm jdpd,hka úYajdi kshñ; md¾,sfïka;= uy ue;sjrkhg l,ska tk
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uys k a o rdcmla I f.a ta l dêm;s j d§ úêl% u j,g ie,iqï .ek rdcmlaI iy wdkavqfõ kdhlhka
úreoaOj m%cd;ka;%jd§ whs;Ska /l.ekSug igka we.jq ï ls Í u;a iu. h' ckdêm;s Pka o h
jÈk ùrfhl= njg m;aj isákafka h' mj;ajkakg kshñ;j we;af;a 2011 wjqreoafoa § jqj;a
1978 § olaIskdxYsl tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh ^tcdm& Y%S ,xldj ;=< o cd;Hka;rj o wd¾Ól w¾nqoh jvd
is ÿ l, jHjia : duh fjkia l ïj, fldgila krl w;g yefroa§ ;ukag mj;sk iydh ;j ÿrg;a
yeáhg we;s flrekq úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh ksielj u úhelS hkq we;ehs rdcmlaI meyeÈ,sj
rdcHfha yd wdkavqfõ m%Odkshdg wiSñ; n,;, .kka n,hs ' ñ,s g ß ch.% y kh —idufha iy
,nd fokakls' rdcmlaIf.a w;" fuu ;dkdka;rh" iuDoaêfha˜ kj hq.hla wdrïN lrk njg Tyq
jHjia:djg o ffk;sl moaO;shg o md¾,sfïka;j = g foiQ uqidj, oekg u;a m,a, f.dia yudr h'
o ms , s l = , a iy.;j i,lk foa Y md,l-ñ,s g ß ckdêm;sjrkh cúfm wìuqj WNf;dafldaálhla
l,a,shl flakaøia:dkh njg m;aj we;' rdcmlaI u;= lrhs' 2005 §" ;ukaf.a u wfmalI
a lfhl= bÈßm;a
ckdêm;s mukla fkd fõ¦ wdrlaIl weu;s iy fkdlrkakg th ;Skaÿ lf,a h' uq,a j;djg fmr
uq o ,a weu;s o fõ' wdka v q f õ ;S r k .ekS f ï wjqreoafoa § weu;slï Ndr .ekSfuka miqj" .ïno
l%shdj,sfha ienE flakaøh ù we;af;a leìkÜ isxy, ckhd we;=¨ uyckhd w;r ;ukag mej;s
ukav,h fkd j ckdêm;s f,alï ld¾hd,h hs' iydh fõ.fhka ì| jefgñka ;sfnk nj cúfm
ta fldhs yeá fj;;a" cúfm Woaf>daIkh jQl,s f;areï .;af;a h' cúfm ;ukaf.a Ôjk ;;ajhka
kreu iy.; l+fgdamdhls' tla w;lska tys b,lalh jeä Èhq k q lr fo;ehs .ïno is x y, ckhd
jkafka .ïno ckhd w;r tu mlaIhg mej;s iydh n,dfmdfrd;a ; = j is á fha h ' bÈka " is h Pka o
úhelS hk ;;= hgf;a rel=,a § th h,s kxjd lvdjeàu t,sorõ fj;ehs ìh ù ;ukaf.a u
.ekSu hs' wfkla w;ska" rdcmlaI ;ka;%h l, ckdêm;s wfmalaIlfhl= bÈßm;a fkdlrkakg
idmrdë l%shdj,g ;uka ms¥ mdmS iydh jix lr ;Skaÿ l, cúfm ta fjkqjg rdcmlaIf.a ue;sjrk
.ekSu hs' fï w;r uq,a ;ekg m;a jkafka fou, Woa f >da I khg iydh fokq ms k s i Tyq iu.
B,ï úuqla;s fldá ^t,aààB& ixúOdkhg tfrysj wjfndaO;d ,shú,a,lg w;aika ;eî h'
rdcmlaI h,s werUQ jd¾.sl hqoO
a hg;a tys fldgila isjq jirlg miqj" cúfm uqyqk fok ÿIalr;d
yeáhg yuqodj idudkH fou, jeishka u; j. lsysm .=khlska j¾Okh ù we;=jd mukls' mlaIh
úNd.hla ke;sj l, fndaïn fy,Sïj,g iy md,l ikaOdkhg tl;= fkd ù úreoaO mlaIfha
wdkavqjg ys;mlaImd;S >d;l l,a,s l, —w;=reoka /£ isákafka" fndfyda ÿrg u wdkavqj tkak tkak
lsÍï˜ iy >d;kj,g;a Tjqka ms¥ iydh hs' tfuka u ish ckms%h Ndjh wysñ lr .ksñka isák ksid
u" uehs udifha § t,aààBh mrdchg m;a jQ miqj h' fldfydu kuq;a ta w;f¾ u" 2006 § rdcmlaI
idudkH fou, jeishka 250"000lg wêl ixLHdjla rg wdmiq hqoaOfhys .s,a,oa§ cúfm Tyqg uq¨ukska
1
u iydh ÿkafka h' tfuka u" jev lrk ckhd u; yeáhg ksrEmkh lsÍug cúfm orkakd jQ m%h;akh
w¨;a nrnoao,a megjQ Tyqf.a hqo whjehj,g iy úldrhls' rdcmlaI ,nd .;a mgq ch.%ykh w;a
ÿIag yÈis kS;s n,;,j,g;a th Pkaÿh ÿkafka h' lr .kakg cúfm Tyqg Woõ lf,a Tyqf.a —uyskao
mlaIfha ckms%h Ndjh tkak tkak u msßfyoa§ Ñka;k˜ jev ms,sfj, oßø;dj iy ú/lshdj
cúfm md¾,sfïka;= lkavdhfï kdhlhdj isá úi£fï o m%cd;ka;j % d§ whs;j
s dislï wdrlaId lsÍfï
úu,a ùrjxYf.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a bka leã .sh iy iduh m%j¾Okh lsÍfï o Wmdhla f,i Tc
lkavdhula .sh wjqreoafoa wfm%a,aj, § wdkavqjg jvñks' ;dkdka;rfha jev Ndr .;a jyd u ;uka
tlaúh' ÿka fmdfrdkaÿ mfil ,E rdcmlaI" uq, mgka u
wjfnda O ;d .s ú iq f ï fla k a ø S h moku ù ;s n Q
fï wjqreoafoa meje;ajqkq m,d;a iNd ue;sjrkj, t,aààBhg tfrys hqoaOh h,s mgka .ekSu i|yd
uE; u jgfha § cúfm Pkao m%udkh lvdjegqks' läkï mshjr .;af;a h'
tys m,d;a iNd wdik .kk" uOHu m,df;a § 12
isg ìxÿj olajd o jhU m,df;a § 6 isg 1 olajd o oeka th B,Õ wjqreoafoa ue;sjrkj,g ,l ,Eia;s
niakdysr m,df;a § 23 isg 3 olajd o my; jeák' fjoa§" cúfm wdmiq j;djla Pkao odhlhka uq,d
wo Èk meje;afjk ol=kq m,d;a iNd ue;sjrkfha lrkakg jehï lsÍfï b,lalh we;sj úOdhl
m%;sM,h o óg iudk ùug bv we;' ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lsÍfï b,a,Sug h,s mk §
we;' Tjqka ol=kq m,d;a iNd ue;sjrk Woaf>daIkfha
B,Õ wjq r eoa f oa § ;uka f .a u ckdêm;s § fn¥ m;% s l dj,s k a m% l dY jQ f ha cúfm hkq
wfmalaIlfhl= bÈßm;a lsÍug cúfm ;Srkh —m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë md,khg˜ úl,amhla o
lf,d;a Tjqkaf.a uyck iyfhda.h úhelS f.dia
we;s nj jvd;a l,t,shg tkq we;' fï ksid Tjqkga —hymd,kh˜ ,Õd lr .ekSfï udOHhla o nj h'
b;sß ù we;af;a wñysß úl,am folls( tkï tlaflda ta fldfydu kuq;a" cúfm jd¾;dj fmkakqï lrk
2005 § l,d fia rdcmlaIg Woõ lsÍu hs" ke;a kï yeáhg kï tys úreoaO;ajh uQ,O¾u mokï lr
olaIskdxYsl tcdm wfmalaIlhdg rel=,a §u hs' fï .efkkakla fkd j foaYmd,ksl Wmfhda.s;dj
wkqj" úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lrkakg mokï lr .;a;la jkq we;'
cúfm lrk le|ú,af,ys .eí jkafka foaYmd,k
Wmdudrejls - tkï rdcmlaIg tfrysj Woaf>daIkh 1960 § cúfm f.dv ke.=fõ ud´jdoh" liaf;%dj
a doh
lrk njg ;¾ckhls¦ tfuka u ckdêm;s Pkaoh iy isxy, ck;djdoh mokï lr .;a .ß,a,d
l,a oukakg lrk lkak,õjla iy ;u ;uka ixúOdkhla yeáhg h' 1983 § t,aààBhg tfrys
w;r ikaOdkh h,s w¨;a lr .; yels njg bÕshls' isú,a hqoaOh mqmqrd hdfuka wk;=rej" cúfm
jev lrk ckhdf.a m%cd;ka;%jd§ whs;sjdislï fõ.fhka ol=kg .uka lf,a h' th bkaÈhdkq
wdrlaId lsÍu iu. Bg lsisÿ iïnkaOhla ke;' idu idOl yuqodjla mgjd .egqu wjika lrkakg
m%h;ak oerE 1987 bkaÿ-,xld .súiqu cd;sh mdjd
wf.daia;= udifha § rdcmlaIg ,smshla hjñka §ula hehs fy,d oelafla h' 1980 .kkaj, w. §
;ukaf.a —Woaf>daIkh˜ Èh;a l, cúfm t;eka cúfm *eisiaÜjd§ ikakoaO uerfhda tys foaYfma%ó
mgka tu ,smsh ;ukaf.a m%isoaO /iaùïj, § o Woaf>daIkhg tla ùu m%;slafIam l, lïlrejka
iïuka;%kj, § o fnod yer we;' cúfm f,alï o jD;a;Sh idx.ñlhka o foaYmd,ksl úreoaOjd§ka
á,aúka is,ajd ,shQ ta ,smsh l,ska ue;sjrkhla o ish .kkla >d;kh lr oeuQy'
meje;aùfï ie,iqu .ek;a 2005 § cúfm iu.
tlÕ jQ mßÈ úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais yeu úg u cúfm m%Odk idudÔh moku jQfha
lrkakg rdcmlaI wiu;a ùu .ek;a je,fmhs' .ïno ÿ.S isxy, ;rek fm, w;r h¦ úfYaIfhka
—Tng ,enqkq ckjru .ek lsis u ;elSula ke;sj" u Èjhsfka ol=fkys isxy, ;rekhka w;r h' 1994
rg fjkqfjka cúfm iu. w;aika l, wjfndaO;d § m%Odk foaYmd,k m%jdyhg tla ùfuka miqj"
.súiqu mfilg oeóu iodpdrd;aul fkdjk tcdmh iy Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaIh ^Y%S,ksm& hk
l%shdjls˜ hs m%ldY lrk Tyq" —;j;a m%Odk OfkaYajr mlaI .ek w;Dma;sh jeã toa§
ckdêm;sjrkhla meje;aùfï woyi w; yer oud mlaIh jevodhS wdrlaIl lmdghla f,i l%h s d;aul
fmdfrdkaÿ jQ mßÈ úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais úh' Y%S,ksm wfmalaIsld pkaøsld l=udr;=x. úOdhl
lsÍug mshjr .kake˜hs rdcmlaIg lksmks oa ï lshhs' ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lrk njg fmdfrdkaÿ jQ
miqj wehg wkq.%y oelaùula yeáhg cúfm 1994
ue;sjrk lghq;= ms,sn| tlÕ;djla jQ wjfndaO;d ckdêm;s ;r.fhka bj;a úh' tfy;a wE blaukska
.súiqu cd;sh iu. we;s lr .;a mqckSh .súiqula u tu fmdfrdkaÿj mfil ,Ejd h' wjqreÿ yhlg
2
miqj 2001 §;a wE h,s;a tu m%;s{dj u cúfmg ckdêm;s;=ñhg iydh fjkak ´k ld,hla' tal
ÿkakd h' ta md¾,sfïka;f
= õ nyq;rh mj;ajd .kakg lrkak kx m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë n,fõ. mrdch
weh oerE wid¾:l m%h;akhl § h' lrkak wms iQodkï fjkak ´k'˜
md¾,sfïka;=fõ md,kh w;a lr .;a tcdmh 2002 wdkavqj n,fhka my lsÍug Tkak fukak ;shd
§ t,aààBh iu. igka úrduhlg w;aika ;eî h' cúfm l=udr;=x. iu. .súiqulg wiaika ;enqfõ
th wdkavqj;a ckdêm;s Oqrh;a w;r fmdrhla h' ta 2004 wfm%a,a udifha § meje;afjk uy
ks¾udkh lf,a h' túg;a ckdêm;s ;k;=r oerefõ ue;sjrkfha § taldnoaOj Woaf>daIkfha fhfokakg
l=udr;=x. h' úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh wjika lsÍug o lDIsl¾u" iq¨ l¾udka; iy ëjr weu;slï
le|jqï lsÍu fjkqjg" igka úrduhg úreoaO;ajh cúfmg ysñ jk ikaOdk wdkavj q la f.dv k.kakg
mE cúfm lf,a" tcdm wdkavqj fmr,d oeóug;a o u. yod .ksñks' Tjqka ;dkdka;r oerE ld,h
kj ue;sjrkhla meje;aùug;a ;uka i;=j ;sfnk jirlg mukla iSud úh' tfy;a th ikaêia:dkhla
m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë n,;, fhdod .kakd f,i nj Tmamq jkakg kshñ;j ;sìk' cúfm weu;sjre
l=udr;=x.f.ka b,a,d isák Woaf>daIkhla wdrïN wdka v q f õ fj,| fmd, ys ; jd§ kHdh m;% h
lsÍu hs' cd;sl wdrlaIdjg ydks lrkafka hehs l%shd;aul lroa§" .%dóh wd¾Ólh È.ska È.g u
lshñka 2003 fkdjeïn¾ udifha § wdkavf
q õ m%Odk msßfyoa§" cúfm m%Odk mlaI folg úl,amhla
weu;sjreka ;sfofkl= ;k;=rej,ska my l, úg;a hehs l,ska i,ld f.k isá ëjrfhda o f.dúfhda
wk;=rej 2004 fmnrjdß udifha § uq¨ wdkavqj u o iq¨ jHdmdßlfhda o l,lsÍug m;a jQy'
mkakd yeß úg;a cúfm l=udr;=x.g yqf¾ oeó h'
cúfmg mej;s iydh lsis úfgl;a h,s m%lD;s
tfõf,ys cúfm f,alï á,aúka is,ajd Pkaofhka ;;a;ajhg m;a ù ke;' úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh
f;aÍ m;a jQ wdkavj
q n,fhka my lsÍu hql;
a s iy.; wfydais lrkakehs th lrk le|ú,a, jQl,s uxuq,d
flrefõ t,aààBh iu. fudk hï fyda idu iy.; m%h;akhls' tys b,lalh jkafka" rdcmlaIg
.kqfokqjlg ;ukag we;s úreoaO;ajh h,s m%ldY iy Tyq f .a hq o a O hg ;uka mq o k iydfhka o
lrñks ' —fïl Y% S ,xldjg ;S r kd;a u l ld, úfYaIfhka u fou, ckhdg tfrys rdcH u¾okhg
mßÉfþohla˜ hehs Tyq lshd isáfha h' —fïl wd.u ;uka fok wkqn,fhka o tfuka u jev lrk
.ek" l=,h .ek fyda o¾Ykh .ek i,lkak ckhdf.ka nyq;rh uqyqk § isák .eUqre jk
mq¨jka ld,hla fkú" fïl fnÿïjdoh [t,aààBh] idudÔh iy wd¾Ól w¾nqohg wduka;%kh lsÍu
mrdch lrkak;a yeu m%cdjlg u uyck ys;jd§ i|yd ;ukag lsis u m%;sm;a;shla ke;slfuka o
jk foa Y md,k jd;djrkhla we;s lrka k ;a wjOdkh bj;g fhduq lsÍu hs'
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org f,dal iudcjd§ fjí wvúh

Y%S ,xldj( cúfm iy úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh

fla' r;akdhl úisks

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