Ee3271 Ec Lab Spcet

ELECTRIC CIRCUITSLABORATORY
EE3271
REGULATION - 2021
Prepared By
Dr. V. Vanitha
PROFESSOR
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
AVADI, CHENNAI – 600 054
Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai & Approved by AICTE, New Delhi
Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade & An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution
Avadi, Chennai – 600 054
EE3271 – ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY
NAME :
REGISTER NUMBER :
DEPARTMENT :
YEAR / SEMESTER :
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2022 – 2023 (EVEN SEM)

INSTITUTE VISION
To emerge as an Institution of Excellence by providing High Quality Education in Engineering,

Technology and Management to contribute for the economic as well as societal growth of our
Nation.
INSTITUTE MISSION
➢ To impart strong fundamental and Value-Based Academic knowledge in various Engineering,

Technology and Management disciplines to nurture creativity.
➢ To promote innovative Research and Development activities by collaborating with Industries,

R&D organizations and other statutory bodies.
➢ To provide conducive learning environment and training so as to empower the students with
dynamic skill development for employability.
➢ To foster Entrepreneurial spirit amongst the students for making a positive impact on
remarkable community development.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT VISION
To be recognized as a centre of excellence in the field of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

education, research and the application of knowledge for the benefit of society.
DEPARTMENT MISSION
➢ Inspire the student to acquire knowledge and generate ideas.
➢ To accept the challenges to provide solution for societal needs.
➢ To excel and empower the students in their chosen career.

Programme Education Objectives (PEOs)
PEO1 : Find employment in Core Electrical and Electronics Engineering and service sectors.
PEO2 : Get elevated to technical lead position and lead the organization competitively.
PEO3 : Enter into higher studies leading to post-graduate and research degrees.
PEO4 : Become consultant and provide solutions to the practical problems of core
organization.
PEO5 : Become an entrepreneur and be part of electrical and electronics product and service
industries.
Programme Outcomes (POs)
PO-1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
PO-2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO-3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and
design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
Considerations.
PO-4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research
methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis
of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO-5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities
with an understanding of the limitations.
PO-6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant
to the professional engineering practice.
PO-7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and
need for sustainable development.
PO-8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
PO-9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader
in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO-10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
PO-11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member
and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
PO-12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage
in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs) of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
PSO-1: Foundation of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Ability to understand the principles and working of Electrical and Electronic components,
circuits, system and control that are forming a part of Power Generation, Transmission,
Distribution, Utilization, Conservation and Energy saving.
PSO-2: Foundation of Mathematical concept and Computation Solution
Ability to apply Mathematical Knowledge to solve problem related to Electrical Engineering
using appropriate engineering tools and to make them to Design Software and Hardware by
developing computation Solutions.
PSO-3: Research Ability
Ability to carry out research in advanced area such as Smart Grid, E vehicle by providing
new ideas and innovation.
Avadi, Chennai – 600 054
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
It is certified that this is a bonafide record of work done by
Mr. / Ms. ____________________________ Reg. No., ______________ of
IInd semester, B.E., - Electrical and Electronics Engineering in the
EE3271 – Electric Circuits Laboratory during the academic year
2022 – 2023 (EVEN SEM).
Staff-in-charge Head of the Department
Submitted for the Anna University B.E., / B.Tech practical examination

held on: _________________________
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

I YEAR / II SEMESTER
EE3271 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Simulation and experimental verification of series and parallel electrical circuit using
fundamental laws.
2. Simulation and experimental verification of electrical circuit problems using Thevenin’s
theorem.
3. Simulation and experimental verification of electrical circuit problems using Norton’s
theorem.
4. Simulation and experimental verification of electrical circuit problems using Superposition
theorem.
5. Simulation and experimental verification of Maximum Power transfer theorem.
6. Simulation and Experimental validation of R-C, R-L and RLC electric circuit transients.
7. Simulation and Experimental validation of frequency response of RLC electric circuit.
8. Design and implementation of series and parallel resonance circuit.
9. Simulation and experimental verification of three phase balanced and unbalanced star, delta
networks circuit (Power and Power factor calculations).
Content Beyond the Syllabus:
10. Calibration of Wattmeter
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1: Use simulation and experimental methods to verify the fundamental electrical laws for the given
DC/AC circuit.
CO2: Use simulation and experimental methods to verify the various electrical theorems
(Superposition, Thevenin, Norton and maximum power transfer) for the given DC/AC circuit.
CO3: Analyze transient behavior of the given RL / RC / RLC circuit using simulation and
experimental methods.
CO4: Analyze frequency response of the given series and parallel RLC circuit using simulation and
experimentation methods.
CO5: Analyze the performance of the given three-phase circuit using simulation and experimental
methods
MAPPING OF COs WITH POs AND PSOs:
POs PSOs
COs
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO1 3 3 3 3 3 2 1.5 3 3 3 3 2
CO2 3 3 3 3 3 2 1.5 3 3 3 3 2
CO3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1.5 3 3 3 3 2
CO4 3 3 3 3 3 2 1.5 3 3 3 3 2
CO5 3 3 3 3 3 2 1.5 3 3 3 3 2
Avg 3 3 3 3 3 2 1.5 3 3 3 3 2
I YEAR / II SEMESTER
CYCLE – I
1. Simulation and experimental verification of series and parallel electrical circuit using
fundamental laws.
2. Simulation and experimental verification of electrical circuit problems using Thevenin’s
theorem.
3. Simulation and experimental verification of electrical circuit problems using Norton’s
theorem.
4. Simulation and experimental verification of electrical circuit problems using Superposition
theorem.
5. Simulation and experimental verification of Maximum Power transfer theorem.
CYCLE – II
1. Simulation and Experimental validation of R-C, R-L and RLC electric circuit transients.
2. Simulation and Experimental validation of frequency response of RLC electric circuit.
3. Design and implementation of series and parallel resonance circuit.
4. Simulation and experimental verification of three phase balanced and unbalanced star, delta
networks circuit (Power and Power factor calculations).
Content Beyond the Syllabus:
1. Calibration of Wattmeter
INDEX
Expt. Marks
Date Name of the Experiment Page No. Signature
No. Obtained
CYCLE – I
Simulation and experimental
verification of series and parallel
1 1 – 10
electrical circuit using
fundamental laws
verification of electrical circuit
2 11 – 18
problems using Thevenin’s
theorem
3 verification of electrical circuit 19 – 26
problems using Norton’s theorem
verification of electrical circuit
4 27 – 34
problems using Superposition
theorem
5 verification of Maximum Power 35 – 40
transfer theorem
CYCLE – II
Simulation and Experimental
6 validation of R-C, R-L and RLC 41 – 47
electric circuit transients
Simulation and Experimental
7 validation of frequency response 48 – 53
of RLC electric circuit
Design and implementation of
8 (a) 54 – 59
series resonance circuit
Design and implementation of
8 (b) 60 – 65
parallel resonance circuit
verification of three phase
9 balanced and unbalanced star, 66 – 69
delta networks circuit (Power and
Power factor calculations)
Content Beyond the Syllabus
10 Calibration of Wattmeter 70 – 73
Staff Incharge
General Instructions to Students for EEE Lab Courses:
➢ Be punctual to the lab class.

➢ Attend the laboratory classes wearing the prescribed uniform and shoes.
➢ Avoid wearing any metallic rings, straps or bangles as they are likely to prove dangerous at
times.
➢ Girls should put their plait inside their overcoat
➢ Boy students should tuck in their uniform to avoid the loose cloth getting into contact with
rotating machines.
➢ Acquire a good knowledge of the surrounding of your worktable. Know where the various
live points are situated in your table.
➢ In case of any unwanted things happening, immediately switch off the mains in the work table.
➢ This must be done when there is a power break during the experiment being carried out.
➢ Before entering into the lab class, you must be well prepared for the experiment that you are
going to do on that day.
➢ You must bring the related text book which may deal with the relevant experiment.
➢ Get the circuit diagram approved.
➢ Prepare the list of equipment and components required for the experiment and get the indent
approved.
➢ Plan well the disposition of the various equipment on the worktable so that the experiment
can be carried out.
➢ Make connections as per the approved circuit diagram and get the same verified. After getting
the approval only supply must be switched on.
➢ For the purpose of speed measurement in rotating machines, keep the tachometer in the
extended shaft. Avoid using the brake drum side.
➢ Get the reading verified. Then inform the technician so that supply to the worktable can be
switched off.
➢ You must get the observation note corrected within two days from the date of completion of
experiment.
➢ Write the answer for all the discussion questions in the observation note. If not, marks for
concerned observation will be proportionately reduced.
➢ Submit the record note book for the experiment completed in the next class.
➢ If you miss any practical class due to unavoidable reasons, intimate the staff in charge and do
the missed experiment in the repetition class.
➢ Such of those students who fail to put in a minimum of 75% attendance in the laboratory class
will run the risk of not being allowed for the University Practical Examination. They will have
to repeat the lab course in subsequent semester after paying prescribed fee.
➢ Use isolated supply for the measuring instruments like CRO in Power Electronics and Drives
Laboratory experiments.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW:
OBSERVATION TABLE:
V I1 I1 I1 I1 = I2 + I3
S. No.
(Volts) (mA) (mA) (mA) (mA)
Dept. of EEE, 1127 – SPCET, AVADI Page No. – 5

1
Exp. No. : 1 Date :
SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

PROBLEMS USING KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LAWS
AIM:
To verify
(i) Kirchhoff’s current law
(ii) Kirchhoff’s voltage law
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S. No. Name of the Apparatus Range Type Quantity
1 RPS
2 Resistor
3 Ammeter
4 Voltmeter
5 Bread Board
6 Connecting Wires
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
Matlab Software 7.1
KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW:
The law states, “The sum of the currents entering a node is equal to sum of the
currents leaving the same node”. Alternatively, the algebraic sum of current at a node is
equal to zero.
The term node means a common point where the different elements are
connected. Assume negative sign for leaving current and positive sign for entering
current.

2
THEORETICAL CALCULATION:
V I1 I1 I1 I1 = I2 + I3
S. No.
(Volts) (mA) (mA) (mA) (mA)
MODEL CALCULATION:

3
FORMULAE:
 Currents Entering a Node   Currents Leaving a Node

I1  I2  I3
PROCEDURE:
 Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.

 Switch on the supply.
 Set different values of voltages in the RPS.
 Measure the corresponding values of branch currents I1, I2 and I3.
 Enter the readings in the tabular column.
 Find the theoretical values and compare with the practical values.

4
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW:
OBSERVATION TABLE:
V V1 V2 V3 V = V1 + V2 + V3
S. No.
(Volts) (Volts) (Volts) (Volts) (Volts)

5
KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW:
The law states, “The algebraic sum of the voltages in a closed circuit / mesh is
zero”.
The voltage rise is taken as positive and the voltage drop is taken as negative.
FORMULAE:
 Voltages in a Closed Loop  0

V  V1  V2  V3  0
PROCEDURE:

 Switch on the supply.
 Set different values of voltages in the RPS.
 Measure the corresponding values of voltages (V1, V2 and V3) across resistors R1,
R2 and R3 respectively.
 Find the theoretical values and compare with the practical values.

6
THEORETICAL CALCULATION:
V V1 V2 V3 V = V1 + V2 + V3
S. No.
(Volts) (Volts) (Volts) (Volts) (Volts)
MODEL CALCULATION:

7
SIMULATION PROCEDURE:
 Open a new MATLAB / SIMULINK model

 Connect the circuit as shown in the figure
 Debug and run the circuit
 For different input voltages, record the current and voltages and verify with
theoretical values.

8
SIMULATION CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW:
SIMULATION CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW:

9
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. State Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law.

2. State Kirchhoff’s Current Law.
3. What is current division rule?
4. What is voltage division rule?
5. Give the equivalent resistance when ‘n’ number of resistances is connected in
series.
6. Give the equivalent resistance when ‘n’ number of resistances is connected in
parallel
RESULT:
Thus the Kirchhoff’s Current and Voltage laws are verified.

10
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR THEVENIN’S THEOREM:
TO FIND LOAD CURRENT:

11
Exp. No. : 2 Date :

PROBLEMS USING THEVENIN’S THEOREM
AIM:
To verify Thevenin’s Theorem
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1 RPS
2 DC Power Supply
3 Resistor
4 Ammeter
5 Voltmeter
6 Bread Board
7 Connecting Wires
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
Matlab Software 7.1
THEVENIN’S THEOREM:
Any two-terminal linear network, composed of voltage sources, current sources,

and resistors, can be replaced by an equivalent two-terminal network consisting of an
independent voltage source in series with a resistor.
The value of voltage source is equivalent to the open circuit voltage (Vth) across
two terminals of the network and the resistance is equal to the equivalent resistance
(Rth) measured between the terminals with all energy sources replaced by their internal
resistances.

12
TO FIND Vth:
To Find Rth:

13
PROCEDURE:
 Give connections as per the circuit diagram.

 Measure the current through RL in the ammeter.
 Open circuit the output terminals by disconnecting load resistance R L.
 Connect a voltmeter across AB and measure the open circuit voltage Vth.
 To find Rth, replace the voltage source by short circuit.
 Give connections as per the Thevenin’s Equivalent circuit.
 Measure the current through load resistance in Thevenin’s Equivalent circuit.
 Verify Thevenin’s theorem by comparing the measured currents in Thevenin’s
Equivalent circuit with the values calculated theoretically.

14
THEVENIN’S EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT:
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Current through
Vth Rth
Load Resistance
(Volts) (Ohms)
S. VDC IL in mA
No. (Volts)
Practical Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical Theoretical
Value Value Value Value Value Value

15

theoretical values.

16
SIMULATION: TO FIND LOAD CURRENT:
TO FIND Vth:
THEVENIN’S EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT:

17
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is meant by a linear network?

2. State Thevenin’s Theorem.
3. How do you calculate Thevenin’s resistance?
RESULT:
Thus the Thevenin’s theorem was verified.

18
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR NORTON’S THEOREM:
TO FIND NORTON’S CURRENT:

19
Exp. No. : 3 Date :

PROBLEMS USING NORTON’S THEOREM
AIM:
To verify Norton’s Theorem
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1 RPS
2 DC Power Supply
3 Resistor
4 Ammeter
5 Voltmeter
6 Bread Board
7 Connecting Wires
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
Matlab Software 7.1
NORTON’S THEOREM:
Any two-terminal linear network, composed of voltage sources, current sources,

and resistors, can be replaced by an equivalent two-terminal network consisting of an
independent current source in parallel with a resistor.
The value of the current source is the short circuit current (IN) between the two
terminals of the network and the resistance is equal to the equivalent resistance (R N)
measured between the terminals with all energy sources replaced by their internal
resistances.

20
TO FIND NORTON’S RESISTANCE:
NORTON’S EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT:

21
PROCEDURE:

 Measure the current through RL in ammeter.
 Short circuit A and B through an ammeter.
 Measure the Norton current in the ammeter.
 Find out the Norton’s Resistance viewed from the output terminals.
 Give connections as per the Norton’s Equivalent circuit.
 Measure the current through RL.
 Verify Norton’s theorem by comparing currents in RL directly and that obtained
with the equivalent circuit.

22
NORTON’S EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT:
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Current through
IN RN
Load Resistance
(mA) (Ohms)
S. VDC IL in mA
No. (Volts)
Practical Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical Theoretical
Value Value Value Value Value Value

23

theoretical values.

24
TO FIND LOAD CURRENT:
TO FIND NORTON’S CURRENT:

25
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. How do you calculate Norton’s resistance?

2. State Norton’s Theorem.
3. Give the usefulness of Norton’s theorems.
RESULT:
Thus the Norton’s theorem was verified.

26
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SUPERPOSITION THEOREM:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM WITH V1 ACTING INDEPENDENTLY:

27
Exp. No. : 4 Date :

PROBLEMS USING SUPERPOSITION THEOREM
AIM:
To verify Superposition Theorem
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1 RPS
2 DC Power Supply
3 Resistor
4 Ammeter
5 Voltmeter
6 Bread Board
7 Connecting Wires
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
Matlab Software 7.1
SUPERPOSITION THEOREM:
In any linear, bilateral network energized by two or more sources, the total
response is equal to the algebraic sum of the responses caused by individual sources
acting alone while the other sources are replaced by their internal resistances.
To replace the other sources by their internal resistances, the voltage sources are
short- circuited and the current sources open- circuited.
FORMULAE:
I3'  I"3  I3

28
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Experimental Values Theoretical Values

S. No.
V1 V2 I3 V1 V2 I3
(Volts) (Volts) (mA) (Volts) (Volts) (mA)

29
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram given in Figure 1.

2. Switch on the supply.
3. Note the readings of three Ammeters.
4. One of the voltage source V1 is connected and the other voltage source V 2 is short
circuited as given in Figure 2.
5. Note the three ammeter readings.
6. Now short circuit the voltage source V1 and connect the voltage source V2 as
given in the circuit diagram of Figure 3.
7. Note the three ammeter readings.
8. Algebraically add the currents in steps (5) and (7) above to compare with the
current in step (3) to verify the theorem.
9. Verify with theoretical values.

30
SIMULATION DIAGRAM FOR SUPERPOSITION THEOREM:

31

theoretical values.

32
VERIFICATION OF SUPERPOSITION THEOREM:
Practical Values Theoretical Values

S.
No. I3 I’3 I”3 I3 = I’3 + I”3 I3 I’3 I”3 I3 = I’3 + I”3
(mA) (mA) (mA) (mA) (mA) (mA) (mA) (mA)

33
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. State Superposition Theorem.

2. What is meant by a linear system?
3. Give the usefulness of Superposition Theorem.
4. How will you apply Superposition Theorem to a linear circuit containing both
dependent and independent sources?
5. State the limitations of Superposition theorem.
RESULT:
Thus the Superposition theorem was verified.

34
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM:
OBSERVATION TABLE:
IL (mA) P = I2 RL (mW)
RL
S. No.
(kΩ) Practical Theoretical Practical Theoretical
Values Values Values Values

35
Exp. No. : 5 Date :

PROBLEMS USING MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM
AIM:
To verify Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1 RPS
2 DC Power Supply
3 Resistor
4 Ammeter
5 Voltmeter
6 Bread Board
7 Connecting Wires
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
Matlab Software 7.1
MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM:
The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem states that maximum power is delivered
from a source to a load when the load resistance is equal to source resistance.

36
SIMULATION DIAGRAM FOR MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM:
MODEL GRAPH:

37
PROCEDURE:
 Find the Load current for the minimum position of the Rheostat theoretically.
 Select the ammeter Range.
 Measure the load current by gradually increasing RL.
 Calculate the power delivered in R L.
 Plot the curve between RL and power.
 Check whether the power is maximum at a value of load resistance that equals
source resistance.
 Verify the maximum power transfer theorem.

theoretical values.

38
MODEL CALCULATION:

39
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define Power. What is the unit of Power?
2. State Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
RESULT:
Thus the Maximum power transfer theorem was verified.

40
ELECTRICAL SIMULATION LAB(EE431) B.E. IV/IV, I SEM
Exp. No. 6 Date:
EXPERIMENT NO: 2
SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF R-C,
R-L AND RLC ELECTRIC CIRCUIT TRANSIENTS
TRANSIENT RESPONSES OF SERIES RLC, RL, AND RC CIRCUITS
WITH SINE AND STEP INPUTS
AIM: To study the transient analysis of RLC, RL and RC circuits for sinusoidal and step inputs.
SOFTWARES USED: MATLAB Simulink / MULTISIM

THEORY:
The transient response is the fluctuation in current and voltage in a circuit (after the application of a step
voltage or current) before it settles down to its steady state. This lab will focus on simulation of series
RL (resistor-inductor), RC (resistor-capacitor), and RLC (resistor inductor-capacitor) circuits to
demonstrate transient analysis.
Transient Response of Circuit Elements:
A. Resistors: As has been studied before, the application of a voltage V to a resistor (with resistance
R ohms), results in a current I, according to the formula:
I = V/R
The current response to voltage change is instantaneous; a resistor has no transient response.
B. Inductors: A change in voltage across an inductor (with inductance L Henrys) does not result in
an instantaneous change in the current through it. The i-v relationship is described with the
equation: v=L di/ dt
This relationship implies that the voltage across an inductor approaches zero as the current in the
circuit reaches a steady value. This means that in a DC circuit, an inductor will eventually act
like a short circuit.
C. Capacitors: The transient response of a capacitor is such that it resists instantaneous change in
the voltage across it. Its i-v relationship is described by: i=C dv /dt
This implies that as the voltage across the capacitor reaches a steady value, the current through it
approaches zero. In other words, a capacitor eventually acts like an open circuit in a DC circuit.
15
41
Series Combinations of Circuit Elements: Solving the circuits involves the solution of first and
second order differential equations.
16
42
Step Response of Series RLC circuit

Under Damped
S PS
+ - For Under Damped R=100 ohms, L=1mill Henry, C =1 micro Farad
Step Simulink-PS Voltage Sensor
Resistor
Converter Controlled Voltage
+
V For Under Damped R=100 ohms, L=1mill Henry, C =1 micro Farad
Source Capacitor +
- PS S
For Criticaly Damped R=200 ohms, L=1mill Henry, C =1 micro Farad
-
f(x)=0 PS-Simulink
Converter
+ -
Solver
Configuration Inductor
Electrical Reference
Critically Damped
S PS
+ -
Step1 Simulink-PS Voltage Sensor1
Converter1 Resistor1
Controlled Voltage
+
V
Source1 Capacitor1 + PS S
-
-
f(x)=0 PS-Simulink Scope

Converter1
Solver + -
Configuration1
Inductor1
StepRLC
Electrical Reference1 StepRLC
Over Damped
S PS
+ -
Converter2 Resistor2
Controlled Voltage
+
V
Source2 Capacitor2 + PS S
-
-
f(x)=0 PS-Simulink
Converter2
Solver + -
Configuration2
Inductor2
Electrical Reference2
Response of RLC circuit for Step Input

1.4
R=100 Ohms Under Damped
1.2 Critically Damped
Over Damped
1
R=200 Ohms
A m p lit u d e
0.8
R=300 Ohms
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time in Secs -3 17
x 10
43
Sinusoidal Response of Series RC Circuit

C o ntinuo us
+
v
-
powergui R=100 Ohms & C= 1 micro Farad
RC
+
v
-
R=200 Ohms & C= 1 micro Farad
+ v
-
R=300 Ohms & C= 1 micro Farad
Response Of RC Circuit for Sinusoidal Input

5
R=100 Ohms
4
3 R=200 Ohms
2
R=300 Ohms
1
Amplitude
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time in Secs -3
x 10
18
44
Sinusoidal Response of Series RLC Circuit

C o ntinuous
+
v
-
po we rgui
R=100 Ohms, L=1milli Henry
RL
+
v
-
+ v
-
Response of RL circuit for Sinusoidal Input

3
2 R=100 Ohms
R=200 Ohms
1
Amplitude
R=300 Ohms
0
-1
-2
-3
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time in Secs -3
x 10
19
45
S PS
+ -
Step Simulink-PS Voltage Sensor
Resistor
Converter Controlled Voltage V
Source +
PS S
-
f(x)=0 PS-Simulink
Converter
+ -
Solver
Configuration
Inductor
Electrical Reference
S PS
+ -
Resistor1
Converter1 Controlled Voltage V
Source1 +
PS S
-
f(x)=0 PS-Simulink Scope

Converter1
+ -
Solver
Configuration1
Inductor1
StepRL
Electrical Reference1 StepRL

S PS
+ -
Resistor2
Converter2 Controlled Voltage V
Source2 +
PS S
-
f(x)=0 PS-Simulink
Converter2
+ -
Solver
Configuration2
Inductor2
Electrical Reference2
Response of RL circuit for Step Input

1.2
0.8
0.6
Amplitude
R=100 Ohms
0.4
0.2
R=200 Ohms
0
R=300 Ohms
-0.2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Time in Secs -3
x 10
20
46
PROCEDURE:
1. Make the connections as shown in connection diagram.

2. Observe the output waveforms across a) RLC b) RC c) RL.
3. Change the value of resistance such that the output obtained at each oscilloscope is
i) Critically damped.
ii) Under damped.
iii) Over damped.
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS: The critically damped, under damped, damped response is observed
for an RLC network in the simulation environment.
• The response to various inputs can be simulated .
• The response of any system designed can be simulated to verify its performance and design.
21
47
SIMULATION CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
OUTPUT WAVEFORM:
Case (i): Over Damped

48
Exp. No. 7
:8 Date :
SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF

RLC ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
AIM:
To simulate and find the frequency response of RLC electric circuits.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1 Resistor
2 Function Generator
3 Voltmeter
4 Decade Capacitance Box
5 Decade Inductance Box
6 Bread Board
7 Connecting Wires
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
Matlab Software 7.1
RC TRANSIENT CIRCUIT:
Consider a series RLC circuit as shown. The switch is in open state initially. There
is no charge on condenser and no voltage across it. At instant t=0, switch is closed.
Immediately after closing a switch, the capacitor acts as a short circuit, so
current at the time of switching is high. The voltage across capacitor is zero at t = 0+ as
capacitor acts as a short circuit, and the current is maximum given by,
V
i Amps
R
This current is maximum at t = 0+ which is charging current. As the capacitor
starts charging, the voltage across capacitor VC starts increasing and charging current
starts decreasing. After some time, when the capacitor charges to V volts, it achieves
steady state. In steady state it acts as an open circuit and current will be zero finally.

49
Case (ii): Critically Damped
Case (iii): Oscillatory in nature
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Frequency Voltage across the

S. No. Time (sec)
(Hz) capacitor VC (Volts)

50
Case (i)
2
R 1
If,  2L  
LC
The roots are real and distinct. The current is over damped.
Case (ii)
2
R 1
If,  2L  
LC
The roots are equal. The current is critically damped.
Case (iii)
2
R 1
If,  2L  
LC
The roots become complex conjugate. The current is oscillatory in nature.
PROCEDURE:
 Make the connections as per the circuit diagram

 Vary the frequency by using function generator
 For different frequencies tabulate the value of voltage across the capacitor
 Calculate the time period
 Plot the graph for time period Vs voltage across the capacitor.

51
MODEL CALCULATION:

52

theoretical values.
VIVA QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by transient response?

2. Define the time constant of a RL Circuit.
3. Define the time constant of a RC Circuit.
4. What is meant by forced response?
RESULT:
Thus the transient responses of RLC circuit are found practically.

53
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SERIES RESONANCE:
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Frequency
S. No. Output Current in mA
(Hz)
MODEL GRAPH FOR SERIES RESONANCE:

54
Exp. No. 8: 9(a) Date :
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF SERIES RESONANCE CIRCUIT
AIM:
To plot the current Vs frequencies graph of series resonant circuits and hence
measure their bandwidth, resonant frequency and Q factor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1 Resistor
3 Ammeter
6 Bread Board
7 Connecting Wires
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
Matlab Software 7.1
SERIES RESONANCE CIRCUIT:
A circuit is said to be in resonance when applied voltage V and current I are in

phase with each other. Thus at resonance condition, the equivalent complex impedance
of the circuit consists of only resistance (R) and hence current is maximum. Since V and
I are in phase, the power factor is unity.
The complex impedance,
Z  R  j XL  XC 
Where, XL =ωL and XC = 1/ωC
At resonance, XL = XC and Z=R

55
MODEL CALCULATION:

56
Bandwidth of a Resonance Circuit:

Bandwidth of a circuit is given by the band of frequencies which lies between
two points on either side of resonance frequency, where current falls through 1/1.414
of the maximum value of resonance. Narrow is the bandwidth, higher the selectivity of
the circuit.
As shown in the model graph, the bandwidth AB is given by f 2 – f1. f1 is the lower
cut off frequency and f2 is the upper cut off frequency.
Q-Factor:
In the case of a RLC series circuit, Q-factor is defined as the voltage magnification
in the circuit at resonance. At resonance, current is maximum. Io= V/R.
The applied voltage, V = IoR
Voltage magnification = VL/V = IoXL
In the case of resonance, high Q factor means not only high voltage, but also
higher sensitivity of tuning circuit. Q factor can be increased by having a coil of large
inductance, not of smaller ohmic resistance.
Q = ωL / R
FORMULAE:
1
Resonant Frequecny, f r  Hz
2 LC
Bandwidth, BW  f2  f1 Hz
fr L
Quality Factor, Q  
BW R
PROCEDURE:

 Vary the frequency and note down the corresponding meter reading.
 Draw the current Vs frequency curve and measure the bandwidth, resonant
frequency and Q factor.

57
MATLAB SIMULATION:
PLOT OF MAGNITUDE & PHASE ANGLE OF CURRENT FOR VARIOUS FREQUENCIES:

58
 Open a new MATLAB / SIMULINK model.

 Connect the circuit as shown in the figure.
 Debug and run the circuit.
 By double clicking the power grid plot the value of current for the different
values of frequencies (for MATLAB Simulink).
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define Bandwidth.
2. Define Quality factor.
3. What is meant by selectivity?
4. Give the significance of Q- factor.
5. What is meant by resonance?
6. What are the characteristics of a series resonant circuit?
7. What will be the power factor of the circuit at resonance?
RESULT:
Thus the current Vs frequency graphs of series resonant circuits were plotted
and the bandwidth, resonant frequency and Q factor were measured.
They were found to be Series resonance
Resonant frequency = ____________
Bandwidth = ____________
Q- Factor = ____________

59
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR PARALLEL RESONANCE:
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Frequency
S. No. Output Current in mA
(Hz)
MODEL GRAPH FOR PARALLEL RESONANCE:

60
Exp. No. 8
: 10
(b) Date :
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF PARALLEL RESONANCE CIRCUIT
AIM:
To plot the current Vs frequencies graph of parallel resonant circuits and hence
measure their bandwidth, resonant frequency and Q factor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1 Resistor
3 Ammeter
6 Bread Board
7 Connecting Wires
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
Matlab Software 7.1
PARALLEL RESONANCE CIRCUIT:
A circuit is said to be in resonance when applied voltage V and current I are in

phase with each other. Thus at resonance condition, the equivalent complex impedance
of the circuit consists of only resistance (R) and hence current is maximum. Since V and
I are in phase, the power factor is unity.
The complex impedance,
Z  R  j XL  XC 
Where, XL =ωL and XC = 1/ωC
At resonance, XL = XC and Z=R

61
MODEL CALCULATION:

62
Bandwidth of a Resonance Circuit:

Bandwidth of a circuit is given by the band of frequencies which lies between
two points on either side of resonance frequency, where current falls through 1/1.414
of the maximum value of resonance. Narrow is the bandwidth, higher the selectivity of
the circuit.
As shown in the model graph, the bandwidth AB is given by f 2 – f1. f1 is the lower
cut off frequency and f2 is the upper cut off frequency.
Q-Factor:
In the case of a RLC series circuit, Q-factor is defined as the voltage magnification
in the circuit at resonance. At resonance, current is maximum. Io= V/R.
The applied voltage, V = IoR
Voltage magnification = VL/V = IoXL
In the case of resonance, high Q factor means not only high voltage, but also
higher sensitivity of tuning circuit. Q factor can be increased by having a coil of large
inductance, not of smaller ohmic resistance.
Q = ωL / R
FORMULAE:
1
Resonant Frequecny, f r  Hz
2 LC
Bandwidth, BW  f2  f1 Hz
fr L
Quality Factor, Q  
BW R
PROCEDURE:

 Vary the frequency and note down the corresponding meter reading.
 Draw the current Vs frequency curve and measure the bandwidth, resonant
frequency and Q factor.

63
MATLAB SIMULATION:
PLOT OF MAGNITUDE & PHASE ANGLE OF CURRENT FOR VARIOUS FREQUENCIES:

64

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define Bandwidth.
2. Define Quality factor.
3. What is meant by selectivity?
4. Give the significance of Q- factor.
5. What is meant by resonance?
6. What are the characteristics of a parallel resonant circuit?
7. What will be the power factor of the circuit at resonance?
RESULT:
Thus the current Vs frequency graphs of parallel resonant circuits were plotted
and the bandwidth, resonant frequency and Q factor were measured.
They were found to be Parallel resonance
Resonant frequency = ____________
Bandwidth = ____________
Q- Factor = ____________

65
SIMULATTION DIAGRAM:
3 Φ BALANCED STAR CONNECTED NETWORK:

66
Exp. No. 9
: 11 Date :
SIMULATION OF THREE PHASE BALANCED AND UNBALANCED STAR, DELTA

NETWORKS CIRCUITS
AIM:
To simulate three phase balanced and unbalanced star, delta networks circuits.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
Matlab Software 7.1
BALANCED THREE- PHASE CIRCUIT:
Balanced phase voltages are equal in magnitude and are out of phase with each
other by 120°. The phase sequence is the time order in which the voltages pass through
their respective maximum values. A balanced load is one in which the phase impedances
are equal in magnitude and in phase.
POSSIBLE LOAD CONFIGURATION:

Four possible connections between source and load:
 Y-Y connection (Y-connected source with a Y-connected load)
 Y-Δ connection (Y-connected source with a Δ-connected load)
 Δ-Δ connection
 Δ-Y connection
UNBALANCED THREE- PHASE CIRCUIT:

An unbalanced system is due to unbalanced voltage sources or an unbalanced
load. To calculate power in an unbalanced three-phase system requires that we find the
power in each phase. The total power is not simply three times the power in one phase
but the sum of the powers in the three phases.

67
3 Φ UNBALANCED DELTA CONNECTED NETWORK:

68

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What do you meant by balanced circuit?

2. List the possible load configuration?
3. What is mean by unbalanced circuit?
RESULT:
Thus the three phase balanced and unbalanced star, delta network circuits were
simulated and verified.

69
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
70
Ex.No.: 10
Date :
5(a) CALIBRATION OF WATTMETER
AIM:To calibrate the given Wattmeter by direct loading and obtain its percentage error.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S. No. Components / Equipments Specification Quantity

1. Wattmeter 300V, 10A, UPF 1
2. Voltmeter (MI) 0-300V 1
3. Ammeter (MI) 0-10A 1
4. Resistive Load 230V, 3KW 1
5. Connecting wires --- 8
THEORY:
In Electro Dynamometer wattmeter there are 2 coils connected in different circuits to

measure the power. The fixed coil or held coil is connected in series with the load and so carry the
current in the circuit. The moving coil is connected across the load and supply and carries the
current proportional to the voltage.
The various parts of the wattmeter are 1. Fixed coil and Moving coil 2.. Controlling springs and
Damping systems 3. Pointer Here a spring control is used for resetting the pointer to the initial
position after the de-excitation of the coil. The damping system is used to avoid the overshooting
of the coil and hence the pointer. A mirror type scale and knife edge pointer is provided to remove
errors due to parallax.
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2. Power supply is switched on and the load is turned on.
3. The value of the load current is adjusted to the desired value.
4. The readings of the voltmeter, ammeter& wattmeter are noted.
5. The procedure is repeated for different values of the load current and for each value of load
current all the meter readings are noted.
71
TABULATION
Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter Reading (Watt)

S.No reading Reading True value % Error
Measured
(Volts) (Amp) P = V*I
FORMULA USED:
Truevalue  Measuredvalue
% Error   100
True Value
MODEL GRAPH:
MODEL CALCULATION:
72
RESULT:
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What do you mean by calibration?
2. What are the common errors in Wattmeter?
3. Can we Measure power using one Wattmeter in a 3-Phase supply?
4. How do we measure Reactive Power.?
5. How do you compensate Pressure coil in Wattmeter?
73

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ELECTRIC CIRCUITSLABORATORY

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

AVADI, CHENNAI – 600 054

Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai & Approved by AICTE, New Delhi

EE3271 – ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2022 – 2023 (EVEN SEM)

To emerge as an Institution of Excellence by providing High Quality Education in Engineering,

➢ To impart strong fundamental and Value-Based Academic knowledge in various Engineering,

➢ To promote innovative Research and Development activities by collaborating with Industries,

To be recognized as a centre of excellence in the field of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

➢ Inspire the student to acquire knowledge and generate ideas.

➢ To accept the challenges to provide solution for societal needs.

➢ To excel and empower the students in their chosen career.

Programme Education Objectives (PEOs)

Programme Outcomes (POs)

PO-1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs) of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

PSO-1: Foundation of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Staff-in-charge Head of the Department

Submitted for the Anna University B.E., / B.Tech practical examination

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

EE3271 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY

Content Beyond the Syllabus:

10. Calibration of Wattmeter

EE3271 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY

Content Beyond the Syllabus:

➢ Be punctual to the lab class.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW:

Dept. of EEE, 1127 – SPCET, AVADI Page No. – 5

Exp. No. : 1 Date :

SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

S. No. Name of the Apparatus Range Type Quantity

Matlab Software 7.1

KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW:

Dept. of EEE, 1127 – SPCET, AVADI Page No. – 6

Dept. of EEE, 1127 – SPCET, AVADI Page No. – 7

 Currents Entering a Node   Currents Leaving a Node

 Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.

Dept. of EEE, 1127 – SPCET, AVADI Page No. – 8

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW:

Dept. of EEE, 1127 – SPCET, AVADI Page No. – 9

KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW:

 Voltages in a Closed Loop  0

 Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.

Dept. of EEE, 1127 – SPCET, AVADI Page No. – 10

Dept. of EEE, 1127 – SPCET, AVADI Page No. – 11

 Open a new MATLAB / SIMULINK model

Dept. of EEE, 1127 – SPCET, AVADI Page No. – 12

SIMULATION CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW:

SIMULATION CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW:

Dept. of EEE, 1127 – SPCET, AVADI Page No. – 13

1. State Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law.

Dept. of EEE, 1127 – SPCET, AVADI Page No. – 14

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR THEVENIN’S THEOREM:

TO FIND LOAD CURRENT:

Dept. of EEE, 1127 – SPCET, AVADI Page No. – 15

Exp. No. : 2 Date :

SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

To verify Thevenin’s Theorem