Civilforenoonsession 2024 (Set 1) - Final 1708178474375

GATE 2024
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Detailed Solution
EXAM DATE: 04-02-2024
FORENOON SESSION (09:30 AM-12:30 PM)
Office Address
DELHI: F-126, Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi - 110 016
Ph: 011-41013406, Mobile: 8130909220, 9711853908
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Detailed Solution CE
04-02-2024 | FORENOON SESSION
SECTION: GENERAL APTITUDE If the difference of the sum of the house-numbers
between the two sides of the road is 27, then the
1. On a given day, how many times will the second-
number of houses on each side of the road is
hand and the minute-hand of a clock cross each
other during the clock time 12:05:00 hours to (a) 52 (b) 54
12:55:00 hours? (c) 27 (d) 26
(a) 49 (b) 50
Sol. (c)
(c) 55 (d) 51
Let no. of houses on each side = n
Sol. (a) Sum of odd numbered houses
In one hour the minute hand makes one full = (301 + 303 + 305, …, n)
rev olution while the second hand make 60
revolutions since there are 60 seconds in a minute.
So, relative speed between two hands is 59
revolutions per minute.
=
=
n
n
E
2
R
[2  301  (n  1)2]
[2n  600]  n(n  300)
T
2
In 60 minute number of crossings = 59
Sum of even numbered houses
59
S
In 1 minute number of crossings = = 302 + 304 + 306, …, n
60
In 50 minute number of crossings n
= [2  302  (n  1)2]
2
A
50
=  50 = 49.166  49
60 n
= [2n  602]
2
2. If ‘  ’ denotes increasing order of intensity, then
M
the meaning of the words [simmer  seethe  = n[n + 301]
smolder] is analogous to [break  raze  ___ ] According to question
Which one of the given options is appropriate to fill
n[n + 301] – n[n + 300] = 27
S
the blank?
n[n + 30] – n – 300] = 27
(a) fissure (b) obliterate
n = 27
E
(c) fracture (d) obfuscate
I
n[n + 301] – n[n + 300] = 27
Sol. (b) n[n + 30] – n – 300] = 27
Meaning of the words n = 27
simmer  seethe  smolder Alternate method:
is analogous to
If one house each side difference = 302 – 301 = 1
brake  raze  obliterate
If two house each side difference
3. In a locality, the house are numbered in the following = (302 + 304) – (301 + 303) = 2
way:
If three houses each side difference
The house-numbers on one side of a road are
= (302 + 304 + 306) – (301 + 303 + 39)
consecutive odd integers starting from 301, while
the house-numbers on the other side of the road =3
are consecutive even numbers starting from 302. So, to make difference equal to 27 number of
The total number of houses is the same on both houses on each side must be 27.
sides of the road.
F-126, Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi - 110 016 Ph: 011-41013406, Mobile: 8130909220, 9711853908
4. Which one of the given options is a possible value
 4000  1
of x in the following sequence? Capacity factor of T1 = 
20   1000  0.2
 
3, 7, 15, x, 63, 127, 255
 6000  1
(a) 31 (b) 35 Capacity factor of T2 = 
30   1000  0.2
 
(c) 45 (d) 40
 3000  1
Sol. (a) Capacity factor of T3 = 
15   1000  0.2
 
7–3=4= 4× 1
 8000  1
15 – 7 = 8 = 4 × 2 Capacity factor of T4 =     0.2
 40  1000
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x  15  16  8  2
Capacity factor of all four power generation
63 – x = 32 = 16 × 2 technologies is equal to 0.2.
127 – 63 = 64 = 32 × 2
255 – 127 = 128 = 64 × 2
x – 15 = 16  x = 31
6.
T
p
q
 p q
q
p
 1
q
 1,   = p   . Then, E
For positive integers p and q, with
p 
5. The chart given below compares the Installed

Capacity (MW ) of f our power generation
S (a)
(c)
q p
qp = p2q
(b)
(d)
p
q  qp
qp = pq
A
technologies, T1, T2, T3 and T4 and their Electricity
Generation (MWh) in a time of 1000 hours (h).
Sol. (b)
Installed Capacity Electricity Generation
M
14000 70 p/q p 
p  1
13000 65 q 
p
Eelctricity Generation (MWh)
12000 60  
 q
Installed Capacity (MW)
11000 55
10000 50
9000 45 p/q
p
S
8000
7000
40
35 p/q
 pp/q  p 1
6000 30 q
5000 25
E
4000 20
3000 15  pp/q pp/q 
 p/q  0
I
2000 10
1000 5 q p 
0 0
T1 T1 T1 T1
 1 1
Power Generation Technology
pp/q  p/q    0
q p 

The capacity factor of a power generation
technology is:  1 1
Electricity Generation (MWh)
 p/q    0
q p  pp/q  0 
Capacity factor =
Installed Capacity (MW) × 1000 (h)
p/q
Which one of the given technologies has the highest pq
p/q
0
Capacity Factor? pq
(a) T3 (b) T4
 p = qp/q
(c) T2 (d) T1
p = (q1/q)p
Sol. (*)
p1/p = q1/q
7. Three distinct sets of indistinguishable twins are to (a) 328 (b) 238
be seated at a circular table that has 8 identical (c) 382 (d) 283
chairs. Unique seating arrangements are defined
by the relative positions of the people. Sol. (c)
How many unique seating arrangements are S
possible such that each person is sitting next to
S  Sun
their twin?
E  Earth
(a) 28 (b) 14 M  Moon
(c) 10 (d) 12 89.85°

M E
R
Sol. (d) The distance from the earth to the moon
= 240000 mile (estimated)
E
8. In the 4 × 4 array shown below, each cell of the first
three columns has either a cross (X) or a number, 240000
cos 89.85 =
as per the given rule. SE
1
2
2
1
X
X
2
3
4
S T SE = 91673351.94 mile
ES
EM
 91673351.94 
= 
 240000 
 = 381.97 = 382
1 2 X
Rule: The number in a cell represents the count of A 10. In the given text, the blanks are numbered (i)–(iv).
Select the best match for all the blanks.
right, top, bottom, diagonals).

M
crosses around its immediate neighboring cells (left,
As per this rule, the maximum number of crosses

From the ancient Athenian arena to the modern
Olympic stadiums, athletics
for a spectacle. The crowd
(i)
(ii)
the potential
with bated
S
breath as the Olympian artist twists his body,
possible in the empty column is
stretching the javelin behind him. Twelve strides in,
(a) 0 (b) 1
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he begins to cross-step. Six cross-steps (iii)
I
(c) 3 (d) 2 in an abrupt stop on his left foot. As his body
(iv) like a door turning on a hinge, the javelin
Sol. (b) is launched skyward at a precise angle.
1 1 2 X (a) (i) holds (ii) waits (iii) culminate (iv) pivots
2 X 3 1 (b) (i) hold (ii) wait (iii) culminate (iv) pivots
2 X 4 1 (c) (i) hold (ii) waits (iii) culminates (iv) pivot

(d) (i) holds (ii) wait (iii) culminates (iv) pivot
1 2 X 1
Sol. (b)
9. During a half-moon phase, the Earth-Moon-Sun from
a right triangle. If the Moon-Earth-Sun angle at this As per subject-verb agreement rule of English
half-moon phase is measured to be 89.85°, the grammer, verb in a sentence must agree with the
ratio of the Earth-Sun and Earth-Moon distances is subject and in this question subjects are plural in
closest to nature. Hence, most apt option will be (b).
SECTION: CIVIL ENGINEERING C D G
1. If the number of sides resulting in a closed traverse

is increased from three to four, the sum of the
E H
interior angles increases by B
(a) 360° (b) 180°

(c) 270° (d) 90°
A I
F
Sol. (b)
Sum of interior angle = (2n – 4) × 90 If the axial deformations are neglected, the degree
of kinematic indeterminacy is ________ (in integer).
R
For 3 side sum is 180°
Sol. (13)
For 4 side sum is 360°
E
D G
 Sum increased by 180° C
T
2. The second-order differential equation in an
unknown function u: u(x, y) is defined as
E H
B
2
S
 u
2
x 2 y
Assuming g: g(x), f: f(y) and h: h(y), the general
A
A I x
solution of the above differential equation is F
(a) u = x2 + x f(y) + g(x)

From inextensibility of BF & BA,
u = x2 + f(y) + y g(x)
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(b)
B x  0 B y  0
(c) u = x2 + f(y) + g(x)
(d) u = x2 + x f(y) + h(y) From inextensibility of BE and EF,
Sol. (d)
2
 u
x 2
E
2
S …(i)
E x  0 E y  0
From inextensibility of CE and BC
I
C x  0 C y  0
  u 
2
x  x  From inextensibility of BD and CD,
Integrating both side with respect to x
D x  0 D y  0
u
 2x  f(y)
x From inextensibility of DG,
Again integrating with respect to x
G x  0
u = x2 + xf(y) + f(y)
u = x2 + xf(y) + h(y) From inextensibility of EH and HF,
3. The plane frame shown in the figure has fixed Hx  0 Hy  0
support at joint A, hinge support at joint F, and
From inextensibility FI,
roller support at joint I. In the figure, A to I indicate
joints of the frame. Ix  0
 If at joint (F), FB, FE, FH, FI are rigidly (a) Ductility test is carried out on bitumen to test
connected then possible displacements at its adhesive property and ability to stretch.
F = F . (b) Flash point of bitumen is the lowest
temperature at which application of a test
If at joint I, FI and IH are rigidly connected, possible
flame causes vapours of the bitumen to catch
displacements at I = I . an instant fire in the form of flash under
specified test conditions.
Hence unknown joint displacements are
(c) Kinematic viscosity is a measure of resistance
B, C , D , E , F , G, Gy , H, I
to the flow of molten bitumen under gravity.
 Dk  9 (d) Softer grade bitumen possesses higher
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softening point than hard grade bitumen.
Note: However, if somebody assumes all members
at joint (F) to be connected with pin then at (F) we Sol. (d)
E
hav e unknown joint displacements as
FB , FE , FH, FI . 6. The elements that DO NOT increase the strength
of structural steel are
T
Similarly, if at joint I if somebody assumes FI and
HI to be pin connected then unknown joint (a) Carbon (b) Manganese
S
displacements at I are IF , IH . (c) Chlorine (d) Sulphur
Hence, Dk will increase by 4. Sol. (c, d)
4.
 Dk = 9 + 4 = 13
The number of degrees of freedom for a natural

A Increase in carbon content increases the strength
of steel. Also, manganese increases the strength of
structural steel.
M
open channel flow with a mobile bed is
However, chlorine and sulphur do not increase the
(a) 3 (b) 5 strength of structural steel.
(c) 2 (d) 4 Hence, the correct option (c) and (d).
Sol. (d)

E S
Mobile boundary channels are those in which
7. A surveyor observes a zenith angle of 930000
during a theodolite survey. The corresponding
I
boundaries undergo deformation due to vertical angle is
continous process of erosion and deposition
(a)  870000 (b)  030000
due to flow.
(c)  030000 (d)  870000
 In mobile channels, depth of flow, bed width,
bed slopes and layout changes with space and
Sol. (b)
time.
True zenith
 Hence, mobile boundary channels have 4
degree of freedom. 93° Horizontal line
Note: In rigid boundary channel only depth of

Line of sight
flow may vary with space and time depending
upon nature of flow. Hence, rigid boundary
channels have 1 degree of freedom.
8. A car is travelling at a speed of 60 km/hr on a
5. Which one of the following statements related to
section of a National Highway having a downward
bitumen is FALSE?
gradient of 2%. The driver of the car suddenly Which of the following option(s) is/are CORRECT?
observes a stopped vehicle on the car path at a
(a) hyperbolic for x < 0 and y > 0
distance 130 m ahead, and applies brake. If the
brake efficiency is 60%, coefficient of friction is 0.7, (b) elliptic for x > 0 and y > 0
driver’s reaction time is 2.5 s, and acceleration due (c) elliptic for x = 0 and y > 0
to gravity is 9.81 m/s2, the distance (in meters)
(d) parabolic for x > 0 and y > 0
required by the driver to bring the car to a safe stop
lies in the range Sol. (a)
(a) 75 to 79 (b) 33 to 37 The most general case of second-order partial
(c) 41 to 45 (d) 126 to 130 differential equation
R
2 2 2
Sol. (a)  u  u  u u u …(i)
A B C 2 D E  fu  G
x xy y x y
2
E
v
SSD = vt r  Given DE is
2g(  0.01n)
2 2 2 2
 f  f x y
T
2 x y 
5  2 2
2 …(ii)
  60  x y
5   18 
=   60   2.5  Comparing (i) and (ii)
 18 2  9.81(0.6  0.7  0.01 2)
S

= 41.67 + 35.4 A = x and B = 0, C = y
= 77.07 Discrimanant = B2 – 4AC
9. The smallest positive root of the equation

x5 – 5x4 – 10x3 + 50x2 + 9x – 45 = 0 A =0–4×x ×y
= –4xy
lies in the range

(a) 6x8 (b) 10  x  100
M –4yx > 0 if x < 0 and y > 0
So, given equation is hyperbolic if x < 0 and y > 0.
S
11. The following figure shows the arrangement of
(c) 2x4 (d) 0x2
formwork for casting a cantilever RC beam.
E
Sol. (d)
Cantilever RC Beam
I
f(0) = 0 – 45 = Negative
RC Column
f(2) = 25 – 5 × 24 – 10 × 23 + 50 × 22 + 9 × 2 –
45
= 32 – 65 – 80 + 200 + 18 – 45 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
S1, S2, S3, S4, S5

= 60 = Positive are Shores/Props
If f(x) is continuous on [a, b] and f(a) and f(b) are

Compacted Ground
of opposite sign then there exist atleast one point
The correct sequence of removing the Shores/Props
c on [a, b] such that f(c) = 0 so atleast one root
is
lying between (0, 2).
(a) S3  S4  S2  S5  S1
10. For the following partial differential equation,
(b) S1  S2  S3  S4  S5
2 2 2 2
 f  f x y (c) S3  S2  S4  S1  S5
x 2
y 2

x y 2
(d) S5  S4  S3  S2  S1
Sol. (d) 0.75 < AC < 1.25  normal active
While removing the props, we need to ensure that AC > 1.25  active
the beam type does not change i.e. if it is a Active means more prone to volume change.
cantilever beam then the props shall be removed in
such a manner that the beam at the intermediate 13. Consider the data of f(x) given in the table.
stage also shows cantilever behaviour.
i 0 1 2
If we remove prop ‘S1’ first then tensile stress will
xi 1 2 3
be generated at the bottom and no structural
f(xi ) 0 0.3010 0.4771
reinforcement is there to take care of this tension.
So, correct order is S5  S4  S3  S2  S1 The value of f(1.5) estimated using second-order
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Newton’s interpolation formula is ______ (rounded
Hence, the correct option is (d).
off to 2 decimal places).
E
12. Consider the statements P and Q.
Sol. (0.18)
P: Soil particles formed by mechanical weathering
x0 = 1, y0 = 0
T
and close to their origin are generally
subrounded. y1  y 0
  0.3010
x1  x 0
S
Q: Activity of the clay physically signifies its swell
potential. y (1, 2)  y (0, 1)
  0.1249
Which one of the following options is CORRECT? x 2  x1
(a)
(b)
P IS FALSE AND Q is TRUE
Both P and Q are TRUE
A x1 = 2, y1 = 0.3010

y 2  y1
 0.1761
M
x 2  x1
(c) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
f(x) = y0 + y(0, 1)(x – x0) + y(0, 12)(x – x0)(x – x1)
(d) Both P and Q are FALSE
f(x) = 0 + 0.3010(x – 1) + (–0.1249) × (x – 1)(x – 2)
S
Sol. (a)
f(x) = 0.3010(x – 1) – 0.1249(x – 1)(x – 2)
 Bulky particles are formed mostly by mechanical
f(1.5) = 0.3010 × (1.5 – 1) – 0.1249(1.5 – 1)(1.5 – 2)
E
weathering of rocks and minerals. Geologists
I
use such terms as angular, subangular, = 0.1505 + 0.03125 = 0.1817  0.18
subrounded and rounded to describe the shape
14. Among the following statements relating the
of bulky particles. Small sand particles located
fundamental lines of a transit theodolite, which one
close to their origin are generally very angular
is CORRECT?
sand particles carried by wind and water for a
long distance can be subangular to rounded in (a) The Vernier of vertical circle must read zero
shape. when the line of collimation is vertical.
 Activity number of clay is used to study the (b) The axis of plate level must lie in a plane
swelling behaviour. parallel to the vertical axis.
Activity number (AC) (c) The line of collimation must be perpendicular
to the horizontal axis at its intersection with
Plasticity index the vertical axis.
=
% of clay sized particles in soil
(d) The axis of altitude lev el must be
perpendicular to the line of collimation.
AC < 0.75  inactive
Sol. (c) Specific gravity of soil (G) = 2.68
Line of collimation must be perpendicular to Moisture content (W) = 17%
horizontal axis.
Unit weight of water   w  = 10 kN/m3
15. Consider the statements P and Q. Dry unit weight   d  = ?
P: Client’s preliminary estimate is used for
 Se = WG
budgeting costs toward the end of planning
and design phase. 0.75 × e = 0.17×2.68
Q: Client’s detailed estimate is used for controlling (e) void ratio = 0.607
costs during the execution of the project. We know that
Which one of the following options is CORRECT?
(a)
(b)
(c)
Both P and Q are TRUE
P is FALSE and Q is TRUE
Both P and Q are FALSE
d 
1 e

E R
G   w 2.68  10
1  0.607
  d  Dry unit weight = 16.68kN m3
(d)
Sol. (a)
P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
Various estimates used in construction industry

S T
17. The three-dimensional state of stress at a point is
given by
 10 0 0 
 
   0 40 0  MPa
A
and their purposes:  0 0 0
 
Estimate type Purpose The maximum shear stress at the point is
Project proposal indicative Feasibility stage
M
cost estimate (a) 5 MPa (b) 20 MPa
Preliminary estimate Budgeting cost towards (c) 25 MPa (d) 15 MPa
end of planning and
design phase
Sol. (b)
S
Detailed estimate Controlling costs during
the execution of project 10 0 0   xx  xy  xz 
 
Definitive estimate To asses cost at completion    0 40 0     yx  yy  yz 
Final closure cost
estimate
I E
Final cost
Both the statements are correct.

Hence, the correct option is (a).
 0 0 0   
 zx
1  40, 2  10, 3  0
zy
   2 2  3 3  1 
max,abs  max  1
 2
,
2
,
2



zz 
16. An embankment is constructed with soil by

 40  10 10  0 0  40 
maintaining the degree of saturation as 75% during max,abs  max  , , 
 2 2 2 
compaction. The specific gravity of soil is 2.68 and
the moisture content is 17% during compaction. max,abs  20 MPa
Consider the unit weight of water as 10 kN/m3. The
18. The probability that a student passes only in
dry unit weight (in kN/m3) of the compacted soil is
__________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places). Mathematics is 1/3. The probability that the student
passes only in English is 4/9. The probability that
Sol. (16.68) the student passes in both of these subjects is
Given, 1/6. The probability that the student will pass in at
least one of these two subjects is
Degree of saturation (S) = 75%
1 11 = 5.7C + q – q = 5.7C
(a) (b)
18 18 Since cohesion is given to be constant, net ultimate
17 14 bearing capacity will not change with water table
(c) (d) fluctuations.
18 18
Sol. (c) 20. The primary air pollutant(s) is/are
Mathematics (a) Lead (b) Sulphur dioxide
English (c) Sulphuric acid (d) Ozone
Sol. (a, b)
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(a) Primary air pollutants
4/9
1/3 (i) Particulate matter (PM)
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1/6 (ii) Oxides of sulphur (SOx)
P(A  B  C)  Probability that the student passes (iii) Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
is atleast one subject.
1 1 4 6  3  8  17 
P(A  B  C) =   
3 6 9 18
 
 18 
S T (iv) Oxides of carbon (COx)

(v) Hydrocarbons (HC)
(vi) Volatile organic carbon (VOCs)
A
(b) Secondary air pollutants
19. A 2 m wide strip footing is founded at a depth of 1.5
(i) Ozone
m below the ground level in a homogeneous pure
clay bed. The clay bed has unit cohesion of 40 (ii) Formaldehyde
kPa. Due to seasonal fluctuations of water table
from peak summer to peak monsoon period, the
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net ultimate bearing capacity of the footing, as per
(iii) PAN (peroxy acetyl nitrate)
(iv) Photo chemical smog
S
Terzaghi’s theory will (v) Acid rain
(a) increase (b) decrease  Lead is a particulate matter (PM) and its main
E
source in atmosphere is automobiles.
(c) remain the same (d) become zero
I
 SO2 is first abundant atmospheric contaminant
Sol. (c) in many cities. It is produced by chemical
interaction between sulphur and oxygen.
21. As per the International Civil Aviation Organization

1.5m (ICAO), the basic runway length is increased by
x(%) for every y (m) raise in elevation from the
Mean Sea Level (MSL). The values of x and y,
respectively, are
2m
(a) 5% and 200 m (b) 7% and 300 m
For pure clay,   0
(c) 10% and 1000 m (d) 4% and 500 m
Nc = 5.7, Nq = 1, N  0
Sol. (b)
Ultimate bearing capacity (qu) = 5.7C + q
As per ICAO, basic runway length must be
Net ultimate bearing capacity (qnu) increased by 7% for 300 m elevation from MSL.
22. A 30 cm diameter well fully penetrates an unconfined 23. The following table gives various components of
aquifer of saturated thickness 20 m with hydraulic Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and a list of
conductivity of 10 m/day. Under the steady pumping treatment/separation techniques.
rate for a long time, the drawdowns in two
Component of MSW
observation wells located at 10 m and 100 m from
the pumping well are 5 m and 1 m, respectively. P. Ferrous metals
The corresponding pumping rate (in m3/day) from Q. Aluminum and copper
the well is ______ (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
R. Food waste
Sol. (1854.61) S. Cardboard
Given Treatment/separation technique
Radius of well (rw) = 15 cm
Hydraulic conductivity (k) = 10 m/day
(r1) distance of first observation well = 10m
i.
ii.
iii.
Incineration
R
Rapid composting
E
Eddy current separator
T
(r2) distance of second observation well = 100m iv. Magnetic separator
(S1) drawdown in first observation well = 5m The CORRECT match is
S
(S2) drawdown in second observation well = 1m (a) P-iv, Q-iii, R-i, S-ii
(H) thickness of unconfined aquifer/initial water table (b) P-iii, Q-iv, R-i, S-ii
A
height = 20m (c) P-iv, Q-iii, R-ii, S-i
(Q) puming rate/discharge (m3/day) =? (d) P-iii, Q-iv, R-ii, S-i
GL
S2
S1
M GWT
Sol. (c)
I. Various MSW separation techniques
(a) Screening process
S
h2 h1 20m=H
r2 (b) Size reduction process
E
r1 h Reduction in size of MSW can be done using

I
following mechanical devices:
(h1) height of water table at r1 = H – S1 (a) Shredders
= 20 – 5 = 15 m (b) Flail mill hammer
(h2) height of water table at r2 = H – S2 (c) Glass cruster
= 20 – 1 = 19m (c) Density separation process
 At steady state we have  It is the process of separation of light materials

such as paper and plastic from heavy materials
Q

k h22  h12  such as metals.
r 
ln  2   It is carried out using air density separators.
 r1 
(d) Magnetic separation process
  10 192  152 
Q  1854.61  It is the process of separating ferrous metals
100
ln from MSW.
10
 It is carried out using magnetic separators. Sol. (a, d)
(e) Current separation process In a doubly reinforced balance section, the Ast and
 It is the process of separating aluminium and Asc are such that the depth of neutral axis is xu,lim
copper from MSW. or xbal.
 It is carried out using Eddy current separator. To make the above section an under-reinforced
section, the strength of compression side has to be
II. Various MSW treatment technique
increased compared to that of tension side.
(a) Sanitary landfills
This can be done by either increasing the amount
(b) Composting
of compression reinforcement or decreasing the
(c) Incineration amount of tension reinforcement.
24.
(d) Pyrolysis
Hence, correct option is (c).
Concrete of characteristic strength 30 MPa is

26. R
Hence, the correct options are (a) and (d).
E
The number of trains and their corresponding
speeds for a curved Broad Gauge section with 437
T
required. If 40 specimens of concrete cubes are to m radius are
be tested, the minimum number of specimens
 20 trains travel at a speed of 40 km/hr
having at least 30 MPa strength should be
(a)
(c)
38
35
(b)
(d)
39
37
S 

15 trains travel at a speed of 50 km/hr
Sol. (a)
Characteristic strength = 30 MPa A 

M
If the gauge (center-to-center distance between the
No. of cubes = 40 rail heads) is taken as 1750 mm, the required
Characteristic strength is the strength below which equilibrium cant (in mm) will be ________ (rounded
S
not more than 5% of the test results are expected off to the nearest integer).
to fall.
Sol. (88)
E
 95% of the test results are having strength 
20  40  15  50  12  60  8  70  3  80
I
characteristic strength. Veq =
20  15  12  8  3
0.95 × 40 = 38
= 52.93 km/hr
Hence, the correct option is (a).
2
GVeq
25. Consider a balanced doubly-reinforced concrete  Equilibrium cant =
127 R
section. If the material and other sectional properties
remain unchanged, for which of the following cases 1.75  52.932
=
will the section becomes under-reinforced? 127  437
(a) Area of tension reinforcement is decreased. = 0.08834 m
(b) Area of compression reinforcement is  88.3 mm
decreased.
Closest integer = 88 mm < 165 mm
(c) Area of tension reinforcement is increased.
(d) Area of compression reinforcement is 27. Find the correct match between the plane stress
increased. states and the Mohr’s circles.
 The magnitude of the reaction (in kN) at the pin
support L is _____ (rounded off to 1 decimal place).
P. I. 
10 10 –10 Sol. (7.5)
10 kN
10 

Q. 10 10 II. 10 kN
–10 D J RK
10
10 
HA
R
 HL
R. III.
10 RA RL
10
E

10
 FV  0  RA + RL – 10 = 0 …(i)
T
S. IV. 
10 10 10
–10  FH  0  HA + HL – RK + 10 = 0 …(ii)
10
(a)
(b)
P-I, Q-IV, R-III, S-II
P-III, Q-II, R-I, S-IV
S  MA  0  10 × 2 + 10 × 5 – RL × 6 – RK × 2=0
A
…(iii)
(c) P-I, Q-II, R-III, S-IV
BM at D = 0  RA × 2 – HA × 2 = 0 …(iv)
(d) P-III, Q-IV, R-I, S-II
M
BM at J = 0  HL × 2 = 0 …(v)
Sol. (d)
From (v), HL = 0
28. The plane truss shown in the figure has 13 joints From (iv), RA =HA
S
and 22 members. The truss is made of a
From (ii), RA + 0 – RK + 10 = 0  RK = RA + 10
homogeneous, prismatic, linearly elastic material.
All members have identical axial rigidity. A to M From (iii), 70 – 6RL – 2(RA + 10) = 0
E
indicate the joints of the truss. The truss has pin
I
supports at joints A and L and roller support at joint
K. The truss is subjected to a 10 kN vertically
downward force at joint H and a 10 kN horizontal
force in the rightward direction at joint B as shown.
From (i),
 50 – 6RL – 2RA = 0
2RA + 2RL – 20 = 0
… ( )
… ()
30 – 4RL = 0  R L  7.5 kN
I 10kN
1m
F
H 29. A homogeneous shaft PQR with fixed supports at
10kN B D J K 1m both ends is subjected to a torsional moment T at
1m point Q, as shown in the figure. The polar moments
E G of inertia of the portions PQ and QR of the shaft
1m
A C L M with circular cross-sections are J 1 and J 2 ,
respectively. The torsional moment reactions at the
2m 1m 1m 1m 1m 2m supports P and R are TP and TR, respectively.
(Figure NOT to scale)
L1 L2 1000
Vf K j 60 
 8
qmax = = 1875 veh/hr
4 4
J1 J2
31. The figure presents the trajectories of six vehicles
T
within a time-space domain. The number in the
parentheses represents unique identification of each
P Q R
vehicle.
(Figure NOT to scale) (1) (2)
500 (3)
If TP/TR = 4 and J1/J2 = 2, the ratio of the length 450
L1/L2 is
R
400 (4)
(a) 4.00 (b) 0.25 (5)
Distance (meters)
350
(c) 0.50 (d) 2.00 300
Sol. (c)
Tp
L1 L2
TR
T
250
200
150
100
E (6)
S
J1 T 50
J2
Q R 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
P
Time (seconds)
A
Given: (Figure NOT to scale)
TP J The mean speed (in km/hr) of the vehicles in the

 4& 1  2
TR J2 entire time-space domain is _____ (rounded off to
As P & R are fixed supports, hence
QP  RQ
M Sol. (57)
the nearest integer).
TP  L1 TR  L 2

J1  G1 G2  J2
E S Mean speed =
Total distance travelled
Total time taken
100  250  400  400  350  150
I
1 =
L T J G  10  15  30  25  15  10
 1  R 1 1
L 2 TP J2  G2  = 15.714 m/sec
L1 1 1 = 56.57 km/h
  2   0.50
L2 4 2  57 km/h
32. The initial cost of an equipment is Rs. 1,00,000. Its
30. The free mean speed is 60 km/hr on a given road.
salvage value at the end of accounting life of 5
The average space headway at jam density on this
years is Rs. 10,000. The difference in depreciation
road is 8 m. For a linear speed-density relationship,
(in Rs.) computed using ‘double-declining balance
the maximum flow (in veh/hr/lane) expected on the
method’ and ‘straight line method’ of depreciation
road is
in Year-2 is _______ (in positive integer).
(a) 2075 (b) 938
Sol. (6000)
(c) 1038 (d) 1875
Initial cost = 100000
Sol. (d)
Salvage value = 10,000
Accounting life = 5 years
q
(i) Depreciation using straight line method
Annual depreciation J.
H. y2
Initial cost – Salvage value y1 = 0.5 m
=
Accounting life or Service life Discharge = 7.5 m3/sec/m
100000  10000 Flow depth at downstream horizontal apron (y1) =

= = 18000 0.5 m.
5
(ii) Depreciation using double declining balance q 7.5
v1 = y  0.5  15 m/s
R
method 1
In this method asset is assumed to loose its value Initial Froude number (Fr1)
by a fixed factor of the book value i.e. double the
E
v1 15
= 
straight line rate. gy1 9.81 0.5
T
Fixed factor for double declining balance method = = 6.7729 > 1
FDDB
Let y2 be the sequent depth corresponding to initial
S
2 depth y1 = 0.5 m
FDDB = , here n = 5 years
n y2 1
= 1  8Fr12  1
y1 2  
A
2
 FDDB = = 0.4 y2 1
5 or 1  8  6.77292  1
y1 = 2  
Depreciation for first year = FDDB × Initial cost
M
y2
or y1 = 9.0914
= 0.4 × 100000
= 40000  y2 = 0.5 × 9.0914 = 4.5457
S
Book value at end of 1st year = Initial cost – So, tail water depth after rounding off 2 decimal
Depreciation places = 4.55 m.
E
= 100000 – 40000
I
34. A bird is resting on a point P at a height of 8 m
= 60000
above the Mean Sea Level (MSL). Upon hearing a
Depreciation for 2nd year = 60000 × 0.4 = 24000 loud noise, the bird flies parallel to the ground
Difference in depreciation between double declining surface and reaches a point Q which is located at
balance and straight line method a height of 3 m above MSL. The ground surface
= 24000 – 18000 has a falling gradient of 1 in 2. Ignoring the effects
of curvature and refraction, the horizontal distance
= 6000
(in meters) between points P and Q is _____ (in
33. A spillway has unit discharge of 7.5 m3/s/m. The integer).
flow depth at the downstream horizontal apron is
Sol. (10)
0.5 m. The tail water depth (in meters) required to
form a hydraulic jump is _____ (rounded off to 2 P 2
1 5
decimal places).
8m Q
Sol. (4.55) 3m
MSL

Bird travelled parallel to ground and slope of ground V = 3iˆ  (5x) ˆj
is given as 1 in 2.
In the context of the fluid and flow, which one of the
 Horizontal distance  10 m. following statements is CORRECT?
35. The ordinates of a 1-hour unit hydrograph (UH) are (a) The fluid is incompressible and the flow is
given below. rotational.
(b) The fluid is incompressible and the flow is
3
Time (hours) Ordinates of 1-hour UH (m /s) irrotational.
0 0
(c) The fluid is compressible and the flow is
1 13
irrotational.
2 50
R
(d) The fluid is compressible and the flow is
3 80
rotational.
4 95
E
5 85 Sol. (a)
6 55

T
7 35 v = 3iˆ  (5x) ˆj
8 15
Here, u = 3, v = (5x)
S
9 10
10 3 Check for incompressibility
11 0 u v (3) (5x)
A
   0
x y x y
These ordinates are used to derive a 3-hour UH.
The peak discharge (in m3/s) for the derived 3-hour u v
Since,  0
UH is _______ (rounded off to the nearest integer).
M
x y
Fluid is incompressible.
Sol. (87)
Check for rotationality
t I II III
S
1h UH 1h UH 1h UH
lagged I + II + III 1  v u 
lagged 3h UH =
by 1 hr by 2 hr 3 z = 2  x  y 
 
0 0 0
1
2
3
4
5
13
50
80
95
85
0
13
50
80
95
I E
0
13
50
80
13/3 = 4.33
63/3 = 21
47.6
75
86.67
=
1  (5x) (3) 
= 2  x  y 
So, flow is rotational.


1
2

[5  0]  2.5  0
6 55 85 95
7 35 55 85 
37. A vector field p and a scalar field r are given by
8 15
 2 2 2 2
9 10 p  (2x  3xy  z )iˆ  (2y  3yz  x )ˆj
10 3  (2z 2  3xz  x 2 ) kˆ
11 0
r = 6x2 + 4y2 – z2 – 9xyz – 2xy + 3xz – yz
  Consider the statements P and Q.
36. A flow velocity field V : V(x, y) for a fluid is
represented by P: Curl of the gradient of the scalar field r is a
null vector.
 Given: Emission standard (based on 11% oxygen)
Q: Divergence of curl of the vector field p is zero.
For HCl = 50 mg/Nm3
Which one of the following options is CORRECT?
Measured concentration of HCl and oxygen in flue
(a) Both P and Q are FALSE
gas are 42 mg/Nm3 and 13% respectively.
(b) Both P and Q are TRUE
As per CPCB,
(c) P is TRUE and Q is FALSE
Calculated emission concentration at the standard
(d) P is FALSE and Q is TRUE percentage oxygen concentration (ES)
Sol. (b) 21  OS
ES =  EM
21  OM
Curl of gradient r
R
EM = Measured emission concentration at the
= Curl (r) standard percentage oxygen concentration
E
OS = Standard oxygen concentration
=   r
OM = Measured oxygen concentration
T
= 0 ( curl of a gradient vector is the zero vector)
So,

Divergence of curl of the vector p
21  11
S
 ES =  42 = 52.5 mg/Nm3 > 50 mg/Nm3
=   (  p) 21  13
Here, no compliance as the corrected HCl emission
A
= 0 ( The divergence of the curl is zero in all is greater than the emission standard.
circumstances)
39. An inverted T-shaped concrete beam (B1) in the
38. For assessing the compliance with the emissions
M
figure, with centroidal axis X–X, is subjected to an
standards of incineration plants, a correction needs effective prestressing force of 1000 kN acting at
to be applied to the measured concentrations of air the bottom kern point of the beam cross-section.
pollutants. The emission standard (based on 11% Also consider an identical concrete beam (B2) with
S
Oxygen) for HCl is 50 mg/Nm3 and the measured the same grade of concrete but without any
concentrations of HCl and Oxygen in flue gas are prestressing force.
42 mg/Nm3 and 13%, respectively.
(a) I E
Assuming 21% oxygen in air, the CORRECT
statement is:
No compliance, as the Oxygen is greater than
11% in the flue gas.
2H
3
(b) Compliance is there, as the corrected HCl X X

H 100 mm
emission is lesser than the emission standard.
3
(c) Compliance is there, as there is no need to
Kern point
apply the correction since Oxygen is greater
than 11% and HCl emission is lesser than the
emission standard. The additional cracking moment (in kN.m) that can
(d) No compliance, as the corrected HCl emission be carried by beam B1 in comparison to beam B2
is greater than the emission standard. is _________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).
Sol. (d) Sol. (300)
Comp. 1000  103 1000  103  100 M1 M2

    0
2H/3 A Zb Z b Zb
x x
100 mm 1000  103  100 1000  103 (M1  M2 )
H/3 Comp.    0
Ten. 0.5Zb Zb Zb
Stress Stress
Kern point diagram diagram  M1 – M2 = 300 kN.m
only when with B.M.
prestressing
force is there 40. A standard round bottom triangular canal section
as shown in the figure has a bed slope of 1 in 200.
Resultant stress at the bottom fibre in beam B, Consider the Chezy’s coefficient as 150 m1/2/s.
R
P Pe M1
= AZ Z
b b 1
1.5 y y
E
3 3 90° 1
1000  10 1000  10 M y 90°
  1 1.5
=
A Zb Zb
For no crack, stress at bottom = f cr

1000  10
A

3
1000  10  100 M1
Zb

3
Zb
 fcr
Resultant stress at the bottom fibre in beam B2 i.e.

…(i)
S T (Figure NOT to scale)

The normal depth of flow, y (in meters) for carrying
a discharge of 20 m3/s is _____ (rounded off to 2
decimal places).
when no prestressing force is here = 

M2
Zb
ASol. (1.10)
M
For no crack, stress at bottom = f cr
 1
M
  2   fcr …(ii) y 1.5
Zb
S
Also, for beam B1, without the moment M1
P Pe cot   1.5
 0
E
A Zt   0.588 rad
I e
 AZ
I

A Zt
t
e
0
I 
2
Area (A) = y    cot  
A = 2.088y2
p = 2y    cot  
y
Zt  R =
 A= 2
e
Using chezy’s equation :
Zb (I/y b ) y t 2H
   2 Q = AV = A  C RS
Z t (I / y t ) y b 3(H/3)
 Zt = 0.5Zb 2 y 1
 20 = 2.088y  150 
2 200
0.5Zb
 A= 20  2  10
e  y5/2 =
2.088  150
Adding equation (i) and (ii)
 y = 1.102m
41. The total primary consolidation settlement (Sc) of a (a) –5, –1, 2 (b) –5, 1, 2
building constructed on a 10 m thick saturated clay (c) 1, 3, 4 (d) 1, 2, 5
layer is estimated to be 50 mm. After 300 days of
the construction of the building, primary Sol. (d)
consolidation settlement was reported as 10 mm. Sum of eigen values
The additional time (in days) required to achieve
= Trace (A)
50% of Sc will be _____ (rounded off to the nearest
integer). = 2+4+ 2= 8
Product of eigen values
Sol. (1575)
= det (A)
R
(Sc) Ultimate primary consolidation settlement =
= 2(8 – 1) – (2 – 1) + 1(1 – 4)
50mm
= 10
E
(Si) Consolidation settlement after 300 day = 10mm
Hence option (d) is correct.
(U) degree of consolidation at 10mm settlement
T
43. Activated carbon is used to remove a pollutant from
Si  100 10
U1 =   100  20% wastewater in a mixed batch reactor, which follows
Sc 50
S
first-order reaction kinetics.
(t1) time to achieve 10mm settlement = 300 days
At a reaction rate of 0.38/day, the time (in days)
Given, (U2) degree of consolidation = 50% required to remove the pollutant by 95% is _____
 Tv 
Cv t
d2
A (rounded off to 1 decimal place).
Sol. (7.9)
M
Tv  t Let,
where, (Tv) time factor and (t) time needed to No = Number of pollutant present in waste water
achieve a particular degree of consolidation intially i.e. at t = 0
Tv1 t1

Tv2 t 2
 2
E S Nt = Number of pollutant present in waste water at

time, ‘t’
I
 Tv  U for U  60% Treatment of activated carbon to remove pollutant
4
in mixed batch reactor follows 1st order kinetics.
U1 2 t
 1,
So, i.e. N t  No e  kt …(i)
U2 2 t2
As, removal efficiency at any time ‘t’ = 95%
 20 2 300
2
 No  Nt
 50  t2 i.e.  100  95
No
(t 2) time needed to achieve 50% degree of
consolidation = 1875 days Nt
So, N  0.05
o
So, additional time needed = 1875 – 300
On putting in eq. (i)
 1575 days
So, 0.05 = e–0.38t
 2 1 1
 1 4 1 On solving,
42. What are the eigenvalues of the matrix  ?
 1 1 2  t  7.88 days  7.9 days
44. A water treatment plant treats 25 MLD water with a Sol. (33.27)
natural alkalinity of 4.0 mg/L (as CaCO3). It is 4
estimated that, during coagulation of this water, 450  Axle load 
VDF = EWLF =  
kg/day of calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO 3)2) is  Standard axle load 
required based on the alum dosage. 4
 12000 
=    4.677
Consider the atomic weights as: Ca-40, H-1, C-12,  8160 
O-16. A = P(1 + r)x
The quantity of pure quick lime, CaO (in kg) required = 800(1.04)5 = 973.322
for this process per day is _____ (rounded off to 2
decimal places). 365A((1  r)n  1)
CSA = LDF  VDF
R
r
Sol. (155.55)
365  973.322[1.0415  1]
Given: =  1 4.677
E
0.04
Q = 25 MLD = 33.27 msa
T
Natural alkalinity = 4 mg/L as CaCO3 Assuming LDF to be 1.
Artificial alkalinity = 450 kg/day as Ca(HCO3)2
46. A soil sample was consolidated at a cell pressure
S
450 of 20 kPa and a back pressure of 10 kPa for 24
So, artificial alkalinity =  50 kg/day of CaCO3
81 hours during a consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial
A
Artificial alkalinity = 277.77 kg/day of CaCO 3 test. The cell pressure was increased to 30 kPa on
the next day and it resulted in the development of
Also, 1 kg/day of CaCO3 alkalinity requires 0.56 pore water pressure of 1 kPa. The soil sample failed
kg/day of quick lime. when the axial stress was gradually increased to
So,
Quantity of quick lime required
M 50 kPa. The pore water pressure at failure was
recorded as 21 kPa. The value of Skempton’s pore
pressure parameter B for the soil sample is _______
S
= 0.56 × 277.77 kg/day (rounded off to 2 decimal places).
= 155.55 kg/day Sol. (0.1)
45.
survey at a site:
I E
The following data is obtained from an axle load
Average rear axle load = 12000 kg

Number of commercial vehicles = 800 per day
10 kPa
20 kPa
10 kPa
20 kPa
The pavement at this site would be reconstructed
over a period of 5 years from the date of survey. 10 kPa
The design life of the reconstructed pavement is 15
(Initial condition)
years. Use the standard axle load as 8160 kg and
the annual average vehicle growth rate as 4.0%.
Assume that Equivalent Wheel Load Factor (EWLF)
and Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF) are equal. When the cell pressure was increased to 30 kPa
The cumulative standard axle (in msa) for the
 3 = (30 – 20) = 10 kPa
pavement design is ______ (rounded off to 2
decimal places).
u1 = 1 kPa
u1 1 S
R 6.8 w
 B =   10  0.1
3
4m F1
B  0.1 Q T 10 
w
4m F2
47. A 5 m × 5 m closed tank of 10 m height contains 14 w
water and oil and is connected to an overhead water 2m
reservoir as shown in the figure. Use  w = 10 kN/ 16 w
P U
m3 and specific gravity of oil = 0.8.
Considering force prism QRST
(6.8  10)
R
F1 =  w  4  5  168  w  1680 kN
2
Considering force prism PQTU
8m
2m
4m
R
T
F2 =
(10  16)
2
E
 w  6  5  3900 kN
So, F = F1 + F2 = 1680 + 3900 = 5580 kN
S
Q
48. A infinite slope is made up of cohesionless soil with
2m seepage parallel to and up to the sloping surface.
The angle of slope is 30° with respect to horizontal
2m
5m
P
A ground surface. The unit weights of the saturated

soil and water are 20 kN/m 3 and 10 kN/m 3,
respectively.
M
The minimum angle of shearing resistance of the
The total force (in kN) due to pressure on the side
soil (in degrees) for the critically stable condition of
PQR of the tank is _____ (rounded off to the nearest
the slope is ______ (rounded off to the nearest
S
integer).
integer).
Sol. (5580)
Sol. (49)
Considering PQR
Oil
I E R
Q
PR + 4 × (0.8w)
10w
 Seepage is occuring upto the ground surface
WT
Cohesionless soil
Water
14w
P 30°
PR  4  (0.8  w )  10  w Given,   sat  saturated unit weight = 20 kN/m3
 PR = (10  3.2) w  6.8  w  w  unit weight of water = 10 kN/m3

Now,
  slope angle = 30°
  angle of shearing resistance of soil = ? 30

  0.01ln (6000)  c
6000
 Water table is at ground surface & seepage is
 c = –0.081995
occuring so,
 sub tan  m
  0.01ln(6000  t)  0.081995
(FOS) factor of safety =  6000  t
sat tan 
Time taken to reach 75% capacity = t1 (say)
  sat   w  tan 
For critical condition, FOS = 1 =     tan  From volume balance
 sat 
Accumulation = Inflow – Outflow
 20  10  tan 
1  
 20  tan30
R
2 × 2 × 3 × 0.25 =  2 /s  1  /s  t1sec  10 3
Angle of shearing resistance    49.106  49
2  2  3  0.25
E
t1 = sec  3000 sec
10 3
49. A 2 m × 2 m tank of 3 m height has inflow, outflow
Hence, at t1 = 3000 sec, ‘m’ is given by
T
and stirring mechanisms. Initially, the tank was half-
filled with fresh water. At t = 0, an inflow of a salt m
 0.01(ln(6000  3000))  0.081995
solution of concentration 5 g/m3 at the rate of 2 6000  3000
litre/s and an outflow of the well stirred mixture at
the rate of 1 litre/s are initiated. This process can
S m  81.49 gram
A
be modelled using the following differential equation:
50. The return period of a large earthquake for a given
dm m
  0.01 region is 200 years. Assuming that earthquake
dt 6000  t
occurrence follows Poisson’s distribution, the
where, m is the mass (grams) of the salt at time t
(seconds). The mass of the salt (in grams) in the
tank at 75% of its capacity is ______ (rounded offM probability that it will be exceeded at least once in
50 years is ________ %. (rounded off to the nearest
integer).
S
to 2 decimal places).
Sol. (22)
Sol. (81.49)
E
T = 200 yrs
I
dm m
  0.01 1
dt 6000  t  =
200
1 dm m 0.01 Probability of non occurrence in 50 years
 2

6000  t dt (6000  t) (6000  t)
t
= e
d m  0.01
 dt  6000  t   (6000  t) = 0.7788
 
Probability of occurrence atleast once = 1 – 0.7788
d m  0.01
  dt  6000  t  dt   6000  t  dt = 0.2212
 
 m  0.01  22.12%
  d  6000  t    6000  t dt
 
51. W hich of the f ollowing statement(s) is/are
m CORRECT?
  (0.01)ln(6000  t)  c
6000  t
(a) Swell potential of soil decreases with an
g [2  2  3] 3
At t = 0, m = 5  m  30 g increase in the shrinkage limit.
m3 2
(b) In electrical resistivity tomography, the depth 53. A map is prepared with a scale of 1 : 1000 and a
of current penetration is half of the spacing contour interval of 1 m. If the distance between two
between the electrodes. adjacent contours on the map is 10 mm, the slope
of the ground between the adjacent contours is
(c) Both loose and dense sands with different
initial void ratios can attain similar void ratio (a) 35% (b) 30%
at large strain during shearing. (c) 10% (d) 40%
(d) Among the several corrections to be applied
to the SPT-N value, the dilatancy correction is Sol. (c)
applied before all other corrections. 1
Scale  , horizontal distance on map = 10 mm
1000
Sol. (a, c)
 Shrinkage limit is defined as the maximum water

content at which further reduction in water
content of soil does not lead to reduction in the
volume of soil as water is being just replaced
ground
=
10
Scale
E R
 Horizontal distance between two contour on
 10 
1000
1
mm = 10 m
T
by air. Vertical 1m
 Slope =  100 =  100  10%
Higher is the shrinkage limit lower is the Horizontal 10 m

S
compressibility (volume change).
54. A vertical smooth rigid retaining wall is supporting
 Dilatancy correction is applied to the already horizontal ground with dry cohesionless backfill
A
corrected N-values for overburden pressure. having a friction angle of 30°. The inclinations of
 At large value of shearing strain, both the initially failure planes with respect to the major principal
loose and initially dense sands approach a plane for Rankine’s active and passive earth
M
constant value of void ratio called critical void pressure conditions, respectively, are
ratio. (a) 30° and 30° (b) 60° and 60°
52. A slab panel with an effective depth of 250 mm is (c) 60° and 30° (d) 30° and 60°
S
reinforced with 0.2% main reinforcement using 8
mm diameter steel bars. The uniform center-to-
E
center spacing (in mm) at which the 8 mm diameter
Sol. (b)
Given,    friction angle = 30°
I
bars are placed in the slab panel is _________
(rounded off to the nearest integer). For active state
z = 1 (Major principal stress)
Sol. (100) major principal plane
Area of reinforcement considering the width of slab 60°

as 1 m. x = 3 = active pressure
i.e. minor principal stress
0.2 0.2 2
Ast = bd   1000  250  500 mm
100 100
1000 Failure Minor principal plane
Spacing =  100.53 mm
  plane
 A st 
  Failure plane inclination with major principal plane
  82  (horizontal)
4 
 30
Rounded upto the nearest integer considering safety  c  45   45 
2 2
is 100 mm. Hence, the correct answer is 100.
c  60 Sol. (c)
q
For passive state A B C
  
Minor
z = 3
principal RA RB RC
plane (minor principal stress)
60° BM at hinge = 0
x = 1 = passive pressure
i.e. major principal stress
q 2
 RA  0
2
Failure
plane Major principal plane q
RA  upward i.e. (+)ve
R
2
Failure plane inclination with major principal plane
 FV  0  RA + RB + RC = 2q
E

 c   45 
2 RB + RC = 2q  R A

c  45 
30
2
 60
Hence inclination of failure planes with major

principal plane for both active & passive conditions
S T  MB  0
= 2q 
 R A (2)  q(2 )  RC  0

q
2
 1.5 q …(A)
55.
is 60°
The beam shown in the figure is subjected to a

A q
2
2
(2)  2q  RC  0
M
2
uniformly distributed downward load of intensity q q  R C  0
between supports A and B.
R C   q
q
S
 R C  q downward
A B C  From (A), RB = 1.5q  q  2.5 q
E
hinge
I
 R B  2.5 q  upward i.e. (+)ve
l l l
Hence, correct answer is (c).
Considering the upward reactions as positive, the
support reactions are
5q q
(a) R A   q; RB  ; RC 
2 2
q q
(b) RA  ; RB  q; RC 
2 2
q 5q
(c) RA  ; RB  ; R C   q
2 2
q 5q
(d) RA   ; RB  ; RC  0
2 2

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[2n  600]  n(n  300)

5. The chart given below compares the Installed

(c) 10 (d) 12 89.85°

right, top, bottom, diagonals).

As per this rule, the maximum number of crosses

1 1 2 X (a) (i) holds (ii) waits (iii) culminate (iv) pivots

2 X 3 1 (b) (i) hold (ii) wait (iii) culminate (iv) pivots

2 X 4 1 (c) (i) hold (ii) waits (iii) culminates (iv) pivot

1. If the number of sides resulting in a closed traverse

(a) 360° (b) 180°

(a) u = x2 + x f(y) + g(x)

From inextensibility of CE and BC

Hence, Dk will increase by 4. Sol. (c, d)

The number of degrees of freedom for a natural

Note: In rigid boundary channel only depth of

= 77.07 Discrimanant = B2 – 4AC

9. The smallest positive root of the equation

lies in the range

S1, S2, S3, S4, S5

If f(x) is continuous on [a, b] and f(a) and f(b) are

  d  Dry unit weight = 16.68kN m3

Various estimates used in construction industry

Both the statements are correct.

16. An embankment is constructed with soil by

Sol. (c) 20. The primary air pollutant(s) is/are

Mathematics (a) Lead (b) Sulphur dioxide

English (c) Sulphuric acid (d) Ozone

S T (iv) Oxides of carbon (COx)

21. As per the International Civil Aviation Organization

(h1) height of water table at r1 = H – S1 (a) Shredders

= 20 – 5 = 15 m (b) Flail mill hammer

(h2) height of water table at r2 = H – S2 (c) Glass cruster

= 20 – 1 = 19m (c) Density separation process

 At steady state we have  It is the process of separation of light materials

Concrete of characteristic strength 30 MPa is

(c) 0.50 (d) 2.00 300

TP J The mean speed (in km/hr) of the vehicles in the

100000  10000 Flow depth at downstream horizontal apron (y1) =

So, flow is rotational.

(b) Compliance is there, as the corrected HCl X X

Sol. (d) Sol. (300)

Comp. 1000  103 1000  103  100 M1 M2

Resultant stress at the bottom fibre in beam B2 i.e.

S T (Figure NOT to scale)

when no prestressing force is here = 

E S Nt = Number of pollutant present in waste water at

= 155.55 kg/day Sol. (0.1)

Average rear axle load = 12000 kg

So, F = F1 + F2 = 1680 + 3900 = 5580 kN

A ground surface. The unit weights of the saturated

PR  4  (0.8  w )  10  w Given,   sat  saturated unit weight = 20 kN/m3

 PR = (10  3.2) w  6.8  w  w  unit weight of water = 10 kN/m3

  angle of shearing resistance of soil = ? 30

 Shrinkage limit is defined as the maximum water

Given,    friction angle = 30°