Lesson 1 The Science Framework in K To 12

Lesson 1
The Science Framework

in K to 12
Objectives
A. Discuss the focus of K to 12 Science framework for elementary grade
learners
B. Explain the focus of science in respective group of learners
Let’s Discuss!
The Science Framework in the K to 12

Science as whole, as provided by the national framework of the DepEd
respoinds to the 21st Century Literacy which is the Science and Technological
Literacy. It invloves three important components.
1. Understanding and Applying Sceintific Knowledge
2. Developing and Demonstrating Scientific Attitude and Values
3. Performing Scientific Inquiry and Skills
Based on these phases, all science learners who iam to be scientifically

and technologically literate should be:
1. Critical and Creative Problem Solver
2. Responsible steward of nature
3. Innovatove and Inventive thinker
3. Informed decision maker
4. Effective Communicator
Learners must also acquire the scientific and technological skills. Based
on the framework, the foundatuons of scientific and technological literacy are
characterized by the following models, approaches and practices which are fully
anchored on several learning theories:
1. Multidisciplinary-Interdisciplinary Approach
Interrelationships and interaction of different disciplines like science and
mathematics, science and social studies, science and history and many more.
2. Science-Technology Society (STS) Approach

One way to appreciate science is to link it with technology and how it influence
people, and their ways of life.
3. Problem/Issue Based Learning

Making use of the identified problem or issues surrounding the environment with
more meaning in learning science.
4. Inquiry-Based Approach
The Basic principle of inquiry-based approach the learners’ take ownership of a
problem or a need and the desire to solve it.
5. Constructivism
Constructivist teaching is based on the belief that learning occurs as learners
are actively involved in the process of meaning and knowledge construction.
Learners are the makers of meaning and knowledge.
6. Social Cognition Learning Model

Learning can be direvcted to observing others while interacting ad experiencing
7. Learning Style Theory

The VARK model identifies Visual, Auditory, Reading, Writing and Kinesthetic
learners who respond to different kinds of learning. There are also many other
types of learning style.
Science and Technilogical Literacy is the the ultimate goal of science ad
learning. Its development starts early and formally begins in K to a completion of
a degree anf throughout life. A country whose citizens are science and
technologically literate will be educationally and scientifically advanced.
To achieve this goal, there are three intervening skills that need to be
addressed.
1. Understanding and Applying Scientific Knowledge

2. Performing Scientific Inquiry Skills
3. Developing and Demonstrating Sceintific Attitudes and Values
Further Elaboration of the Framework
A. Components of Scientific and Technological Literacy
1. Understanding and Applying Scientific Knowledge

To understand better scientific knowledge, it is best to understand first
what science is. Science consist of two things: a body ok knowledge and the
process by which that knowledge is produced. More often, science is defined
only as a body of knowledge. However, science process is the other component
that describes the way of thinking and knowing about the world. Scientific
knowledge is not absolute or certain. Knowledge, imcluding facts, theories, and
laws, is all tentative and subject to change due to new evidence brought about
by advances in theory and technology. Science knowledge is also socially and
culturallty embedded.
2. Developing and Demonstrating Scientific Attitude and Values

What is the scientific attitude? It cam be defined as way of viewing things,
a curiosity to know how and why things happen with an open mind on govern
facts. It is a way of thingking, feeling, acting, and a disposition towards science.
Attitude can be positive or negative. Science attitude is oftentimes attriuted to
characteristics o scientists, but learners can also develop scientific attitudes.
Here are some of the scientific attitudes.
1. Curiosity
2. Humility
3. Open-Mindedness
4. Intelectual honesty
5. Perserverance
6. Skepticism
7. Creative and Innovative
8. Rational
9. Objectivity
10. Innovative
3. Performing Scientific Inquiry Skills

A science oriented mind is a questioning mind. To inquire is to ask a
series of questions and find answers to the questions asked. Th series of
qustioning and finding answers to the questions refer to science inquiry.
Students’ abilities that are needed to enable them to be science inquirer

are presented for K to 4 and G 5 to 8 learners. These are found in the matrix
below:
Table 1.1
Kindergarten to Grade 4 Learners Grade 5 to Grade 8 Learners
Ask questions about objects, organism, Identify questions that can ber
and events in the environment answered through scientific
investigations
Plan and conduct a simple Design and conduct simple scientific
investigation investigations
Employ simple equipment and tools to Use appropriate tools and techniques
gather data and extend the senses to gather, analyze, and interpret data.
Use data to construct reasonable Develop decsriptions, explanation s,
explanation predictions and models using evidence
Communicative investigations and Think critically and logically to make
explanations the relationship between evidence and
explanations.
B. Approaches, Models and Practices Used in Framework
1. Multidisciplinary
Interdisciplinary Appriach is the use of two or more subject areas in one
lesson or activity. For exampla Science and History can go together when the
topic is about discoveries and inventions.
2. Science
Technology Society (STS) Approach is an interdisiciplinary field that
examines how science and technology shape societies, cultures and
environments and how social, cultural and environmental factors that shape the
development of science and technology.
3. Problem/Issue Based Learning

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a method of and teaching which allows
students to focus on how and what they will learn. An unfamiliar problem,
situation or task is presented to the students and students are encouraged to
determine for themselves how they will go about solving the problem.
4. Inquiry-based approach
Anchored on the idea of seeking for truth, information or knowledge.
Memorizing facts and information is not as useful as asking questions that will
lead to the understanding of such data and information. Its is not looking for the
right answer but seeking the appropriate solution.
5. Constructivism
Is a theory that explains about how people learn by constructing their own
understanding and knowledge of the world through prior experiences and
reflecting on those experiences. When something new is learned, this has to be
compared with the previous experiences, perhaps discarding the old if the new
information is relevant.
6. Social Cognition Learning Model

Introduced by Lev Vygotsky where he asserts that culture is the primary
factor of individual development. First through culture, children acquire much of
the content of their thinking which is their knowledge and second, the
surrounding culture provides the learners the means o process of thinking.
7. Learning Style Theory

“All learners are created equally but learn differently.” This is the premise
of the learning style theory. That each individual has a preference in how they
learn. Individual learning style depends on cognitive, emotional, environmental
factors and one’s previous knowledge. Individualized teaching and learnig or
differentiated instructions are likewise anchored on learning styles of learners.
The most accepted understandings of the learning style fall into 3 categories:
Visual, Auditory (Oral-Aural) and tactile or Kinesthetic.
C. Characteristics of a Scientific and Technologically Literate Persons
1. Critical and Creative Problem Solver

Learners have developed skills that enable them to analze and find
solutions to any perplexing questions of problems. They have other ways of
solving problems.
2. Responsible Steward of Nature
Learners demonstrate concern in keeping the environment safe for
themselves and for everybody. They become citizens who take responsibility of
their acton in protecting and preserving the environment.
3. Innovative and Inventive Thinker

Science as a discipline will enable learners to create and innovative
something simple for humanity. They will become scientists and inventors of the
future.
4. Informed decision maker

As the science learners are growing up, they should be able to develop
the ability to make informed decisions. Most especially if they become
independent learners.
5. Effective Communicator
Science literacy also develops the ability of the learners to convey correct
message to others, whether written or oral, from their fund of knowledge, results
of inquiry, investigations an many more. There is a need for science learners to
share their findings.

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Lesson 1

The Science Framework

The Science Framework in the K to 12

Based on these phases, all science learners who iam to be scientifically

2. Science-Technology Society (STS) Approach

3. Problem/Issue Based Learning

6. Social Cognition Learning Model

7. Learning Style Theory

1. Understanding and Applying Scientific Knowledge

A. Components of Scientific and Technological Literacy

1. Understanding and Applying Scientific Knowledge

2. Developing and Demonstrating Scientific Attitude and Values

3. Performing Scientific Inquiry Skills

Students’ abilities that are needed to enable them to be science inquirer

B. Approaches, Models and Practices Used in Framework

3. Problem/Issue Based Learning

6. Social Cognition Learning Model

7. Learning Style Theory

C. Characteristics of a Scientific and Technologically Literate Persons

1. Critical and Creative Problem Solver

3. Innovative and Inventive Thinker

4. Informed decision maker

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