WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

RIZWAN KHAN

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

ABES Engineering College
Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
rk8944458@gmail.com

of water. In this project I am using

the transistor base water level
indicator circuit is very useful to
ABSTRACT indicate the water levels in a tank.
Water level indicator is widely
Whenever tank gets filled, we get
used in many industries and
alerts on particular levels. The
houses. People generally worry
LEDs is generally used for
about the
indicate the water levels. If the
wastage of water, when the switch
water level is full, then the circuits
ON the motor and forget to OFF
beeps
them. The Water Level Indicator
through the buzzer notifying that
may be defined as a system by
the water level is full
which we can get the information
of any water reservoir. Water
levels
indicator systems are quite useful
I. INTRODUCTION
to reduce the wastage of water Water level indicator used to
from any reservoir, while filling express the level of water in water
such
reservoir. But for domestic tank and boiler etc. different types
purpose we cannot go for the of water level indicator are
instruments which use radar or
available in market like
ultrasonic
principle that costs high. Water mechanical and electronics. They
tank overflow is a common can apply as their order &
problem which leads to the
condition to the industries and
wastage
domestic zones. This circuit not
only indicates the amount of water at your home and for your science
present in the tank but also gives far.
an indication when the tank is full.
Use of water level
As the water continues to fill the
indicator
tank, the LEDs light up gradually.

NEED OF WATER LEVEL Water level indicator used

INDICATOR as different area as below.

 Overflow problems.  Home

 To prevent wastage of  Building
 Textile market
energy.  Power plant industries
 To prevent wastage of  Solar heater
water  Water distributor plant
 Stone and marble
 Observation.
industries
 Attention.  Food industries
 Automatic switch off.
ACTUAL DESIGN OF WATER
There are 3 LED available to LEVEL INDICATOR
indicate the different level of
According to the figure are shown
water in water glass. This circuit
this is actual working circuit of
expresses the level through the
water level indicator here you can
lighting of LED. This kind of
see three wire are used to indicate
circuit is not used more because of
the different water level of glass
its silent features. we used buzzer
through the different LED. At the
type circuit. The buzzer type
other side battery connection are
circuit we also shown in this
shown with the positive and
project with the image there are
negative sign. And three
some few changes in buzzer
transistors are shown in figure
circuit in compare of above
which used to high the signal.
circuit. Right now in the market
NEED FOR WATER LEVEL
different type of circuit are
INDICATOR
available with excellent quality.
Here our aim to demonstrate the  Over flow problems
simple model which you can make
  To prevent waste of has an emitter terminal, a base or
energy control terminal, and a collector
 To prevent waste of terminal. In a typical
water configuration, the current flowing
 Attention from the base to the emitter
controls the collector current. It is
MATERIALS USED
a medium gain, general-purpose
 Connecting wires transistor purposely for signal
 Water tank generation, audio amplifiers
 Transistor bc148 applications and low power
 Light emitting consumptions. Usually the

 Buzzer frequency is about 250MHz and

 Resistor (47ohm, 10k, has a gain of 330. The dc gain and

470k) frequency transmission ensure

 Capacitor(0.01 micro wide usage.

farad) Other features include

 AF amplification

TRANSISTOR B148  Oscillation

 Switching capabilities
 TTL logic circuits

LIGHTEMITTING DIODE
(LED)

A BC148 transistor is a negative-

positive-negative (NPN) transistor
that is used for many purposes.
Together with other electronic
components, such as resistors,
coils, and capacitors, it can be
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a
used as the active component for
two-lead semiconductor device
switches and amplifiers. Like all
that emits visible light when a
other NPN transistors, this type
current pass through it. The light
is not particularly bright, but in
most LEDs it is monochromatic,
occurring at a single wavelength.
The output form an LED can
range from red (at a wavelength of
approximately 700 nanometers) to
blue-violet (about 400 A buzzer or beeper is an audio
nanometers). Some LEDs emit signal device, which may be
infrared (IR) energy (830 mechanical, electromechanical, or
nanometers or longer); such a Piezo electronic. Typical uses of
device is known as an buzzers and beepers include alarm
infraredemitting diode (IRED). An devices, timers and confirmation
LED or IRED consists of two of user such as a mouse click or
elements of processed material keystroke. A buzzer or beeper is a
called p-type semiconductors and signal device, usually electronic,
N-type semiconductors. These two typically used in automobiles,
elements are placed in direct household appliances such as a
contact, forming a region called microwave oven, or game shows.
the P-N junction. It most commonly consists of a
number of switches or sensors
FEATURES
connected to a control unit that
 Low power determines if and which button
requirement was pushed or a preset time has
 High efficiency lapsed, and usually illuminates a
 Long life light on the appropriate button or
 Remote control control panel, and sounds a
warning in the form of a
BUZZER
continuous or intermittent buzzing
or beeping sound. Initially this
device was based on an
electromechanical system which
was identical to an electric bell
without the metal gong (which voltage for an active device such
makes the ringing noise). Often as a transistor. All International
these units were anchored to a Journal of Recent Advances in
wall or ceiling and used the Multidisciplinary Research 2113
ceiling or wall as a sounding other factors being equal, in a
board. Another implementation direct-current (DC) circuit, the
with some AC-connected devices current through a resistor is
was to implement a circuit to inversely proportional to its
make the AC current into a noise resistance, and directly
loud enough to drive a proportional to the voltage across
loudspeaker and hook this circuit it. This is the well-known Ohm's
up to a cheap 8-ohm speaker. Law. In alternating-current (AC)
Nowadays, it is more popular to circuits, this rule also applies as
use a ceramic-based piezoelectric long as the resistor does not
sounder like alert which makes a contain inductance or capacitance.
high-pitched tone. Resistors can be fabricated in a
variety of ways. The most
RESISTOR
common type in electronic devices
and systems is the carbon-
composition resistor. Fine
granulated carbon (graphite) is
mixed with clay and hardened.
The resistance depends on the
proportion of carbon to clay; the
higher this ratio, the lower the
A resistor is an electrical resistance.
component that limits or regulates
CAPACITOR
the flow of electrical current in an
electronic circuit. Resistors can A capacitor is an electronic

also be used to provide a specific device that stores electrical

voltage for an active device such energy in an electric field by

as a transistor. Resistors can also accumulating electric

be used to provide a specific charges on two closely spaced

surfaces that are insulated from capacity. Materials commonly
each other. It is used as dielectrics
a passive electronic include glass, ceramic, plastic
component with two terminals. film, paper, mica, air, and oxide
layers. Capacitors are widely
The effect of a capacitor is
used as parts of electrical
known as capacitance. While
circuits in many common
some capacitance exists
electrical devices. Unlike
between any two electrical
a resistor, an ideal capacitor
conductors in proximity in
does not dissipate energy,
a circuit, a capacitor is a
although real-life capacitors do
component designed to add
dissipate a small amount
capacitance to a circuit. The
(see Non-ideal behaviour ).
capacitor was originally known
When an electric
as the condenser, a term still
potential difference (a voltage)
encountered in a few compound
is applied across the terminals
names, such as the condenser
of a capacitor, for example
microphone.
when a capacitor is connected

The physical form and across a battery, an electric

construction of practical field develops across the

capacitors vary widely and dielectric, causing a net

many types of capacitor are in positive charge to collect on

common use. Most capacitors one plate and net negative

contain at least two electrical charge to collect on the other

conductors, often in the form of plate. No current actually flows

metallic plates or surfaces through the dielectric. However,

separated by there is a flow of charge

a dielectric medium. A through the source circuit. If the

conductor may be a foil, thin condition is maintained

film, sintered bead of metal, or sufficiently long, the current

an electrolyte. The through the source circuit

nonconducting dielectric acts to ceases. If a time-varying

increase the capacitor's charge voltage is applied across the

leads of the capacitor, the anode, cathode and an electrolyte.
source experiences an ongoing Common types of commercial
current due to the charging and batteries and some of their
discharging cycles of the characteristics and advantages are
capacitor. summarized in the following table.
Battery types not shown include
the zinc-air, flooded lead acid, and
alkaline batteries.

JUMPER WIRE

BATTERY

Jumper wire is copper laminated

Al wire is used to join the
component like transistor, resister,
capacitor, and etc.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND

A battery is an electro chemical WORKING
cell (or enclosed and protected
material) that can be charged
electrically to provide a static
potential for power or released
electrical charge when needed. A
battery generally consists of an
After the connections are made as
per the circuit diagram the circuit
is then excited by 9V battery. The
CONCLUSION
positive terminal of the battery is
given to bottom of the measuring Thus from this project I conclude

tank measuring tank that generates that this is one of the most

the flow of ions in the liquid simplest model used as water level

present in tank. The base of the indicator which can be made at

three transistors make contacts your home with very less cost.

with the water at three different This setup consumes only 9V

levels such as low, medium and therefore it does not produce an

high. When the base terminal electric shock when we touch the

makes the contact with the water water in the measuring tank.

the current starts to flow from ADVANTAGES

base to emitter terminal. This
 Easy installation.
current flow in the emitter
 Low maintenance.
terminal makes the LED to glow
 Compact elegant
at different levels. If the water
design.
level is full, then the circuits beep
 Avoid seepage of roofs
through the buzzer notifying that
and walls due to
the water level is full.
overflowing tanks.
OUTPUT
 Consume very little
energy, ideal for
continuous operation.
APPLICATIONS (2009): Electronic Device and
Circuit Theory Published by
 Science fair
Pearson education Inc., Prentice
 Home
Hall 10th Edition Pp763-767.
 Technical college
Sedha, R.S (2006): Applied
 Hotels
Electronics. S. Chand & company
 Drainage
Ltd Ram Nagar, New Delhi 13th
 Industry or factory Edition Pp780-781 . Theraja, B.L
 Role mode of water level and Theraja, A.K (2006):
indicator Electrical Technology S.Chand&
 Fuel level indicate in company Ltd Ram Nagar, New
vehicle Delhi 24th Edition Pp2416-2421.

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